Ukumakishwa kwe-CE, i-WEEE, i-RoHS: Uluhlu lokujonga ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yabaThumeli ngaphandle baseTshayina eFransi
intshayelelo
IFransi yenye yeemarike zorhwebo lwe-e-commerce ezinenzuzo kakhulu eYurophu. Iintengiso ezikwi-intanethi ngaphesheya kwemida zihlala zisanda unyaka nonyaka. Imarike yaseFransi lithuba elikhulu kubathengisi baseTshayina abathumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, kodwa ikwangumgxobhozo onzima apho nabathengisi abanamava banokubhajwa khona. Ngaphambi kokuba imveliso ingene ngokusemthethweni eFransi (okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaseFransi), kufuneka idlule kwiindlela ezininzi zokuthobela imithetho eziku-EU nakwiFrance. Ezi ziquka ukuMakishwa kwe-CE, ubhaliso lwe-WEEE, kunye nemida yezinto ze-RoHS.
Le mithetho ayizizo nje iingcamango. Yimithetho esetyenziswayo ebomini bokwenyani. Imithetho yezemali inokubamba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okungalandeli imithetho. Kufuneka ube namaphepha okuthobela imithetho ngaphambi kokuba uthengise iimveliso kwiindawo ezifana neAmazon France kunye neCdiscount. I-Arhente yoTshintsho lweNdalo yaseFransi (i-ADEME) ihlola rhoqo abavelisi kwaye ingabagweba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-€100,000 ngokungabhalisi. Kodwa uninzi lwabathengisi baseTshayina abazi ukuba le mithetho ikhona okanye bafumanisa ngayo kuphela emva kokuba umthwalo umiswe echwebeni, nto leyo ebabiza imali eninzi.
Esi sifundo sichaza oko kufunwa yi-CE Marking, i-WEEE, kunye ne-RoHS kubathengisi baseTshayina abathumela iimpahla eFransi, ukuba zeziphi izinto ezongezelelweyo ezifunwa yiFransi ezingaphaya kwesiseko se-EU, kunye nendlela yokwenza uluhlu lokuhlola ukuthobela imithetho olusebenzayo. Sikwathetha ngokuba amaqabane e-logistics afana neTopway Shipping afaneleka phi, kuba ukuthobela imithetho akupheleli nje kuphela kumaphepha; kuhamba yonke indlela kwikhonkco lakho lokubonelela.
Imeko-bume yoLawulo: Kutheni iFransi yahlukile kwezinye iiMarike ze-EU
I-EU yimarike enye, kodwa ilizwe ngalinye elililungu linenkululeko enkulu kwindlela eliqhuba ngayo imithetho ye-EU kwinqanaba lesizwe. IFrance yaziwa ngokuba nenye yezona nkqubo ziphambili nezingqongqo zoxanduva lwabavelisi abalundisiweyo (EPR) eYurophu. UMthetho we-2020 wokulwa nenkunkuma kunye noqoqosho olujikelezayo (AGEC) wenze utshintsho oluninzi kwiimfuno zabavelisi baseFransi kwiindawo ezifana nokupakisha, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, amalaphu, iibhetri, nokunye.
EJamani, imisebenzi ye-WEEE iphathwa yirejista yesizwe ephakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-EAR. Nangona kunjalo, eFransi, inkqubo ye-WEEE ilawulwa yinkqubo ye-SYDEREP ye-ADEME kunye neMibutho yoXanduva lwaBavelisi (ii-PRO) ezivunyiweyo ezifana ne-Ecosystem kunye ne-Ecologic. Iinkampani ezingahlali eFransi kufuneka ziqeshe umntu onenombolo ye-SIREN yaseFransi ukuze azibhalisele. Ukususela ngo-2025, iFransi iya kufuna ne-EPR yokupakisha kwemizi-mveliso kunye nezorhwebo. Olu tshintsho luchaphazela abathumeli be-B2B abangazange bakhathazeke ngale nto ngaphambili.
Oku kuthetha ukuba abathengisi baseTshayina bamanye amazwe kufuneka balandele imithetho ye-EU (CE Marking, RoHS), kodwa oko akwanelanga. Kufuneka ulandele iinguqulelo zelizwe laseFransi ze-WEEE kunye ne-EPR, ezinemihla yokugqibela yokubhalisa, ingxelo, kunye nentlawulo. Nangona iFrance iyinxalenye ye-EU, kufuneka uyiphathe njengendawo eyahlukileyo yolawulo.
Ukumakishwa kwe-CE: Ipasipoti eya kwiMarike ye-EU
Uphawu lwe-CE lolona qinisekiso lubalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imveliso ethengiswa kwiCandelo lezoQoqosho laseYurophu. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho yezempilo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusingqongileyo ye-EU. Ayilogunyaziso lukarhulumente okanye uphawu lomgangatho; luqinisekiso lomenzi lokuhambelana, oluxhaswa ngamaxwebhu obuchwephesha.
Umntu oqala ngokubeka imveliso kwimarike ye-EU unoxanduva lokubeka uphawu lwe-CE kubavelisi baseTshayina nabathumela ngaphandle. Ukuba uthengisa ngqo kubathengi baseFransi ngewebhusayithi ye-e-commerce, ungumthengisi werekhodi kwaye unoxanduva olupheleleyo lokuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-CE. Usenoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-CE kunye nokugcina iirekhodi zayo, nokuba ungumthengisi omncinci kwaye imveliso yayilungiselelwe ekuqaleni ukwanelisa ezo mfuno.
Zeziphi iimveliso ezifuna uphawu lwe-CE?
Yimiyalelo ethile ye-EU kuphela ethi ezinye iimveliso zifuna uphawu lwe-CE. Abathengisi baseTshayina badla ngokufuna ukulandela i-Low Voltage Directive (LVD) kwizixhobo zombane, i-Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive, i-Radio Equipment Directive (RED) kwizixhobo ezingenazingcingo, i-Machinery Directive, kunye ne-General Product Safety Directive. Enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi frameworks ziquka izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zamandla, izibane ze-LED, amathoyizi, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zokuzikhusela, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zabathengi.
Inkqubo yokuMakisha i-CE
Kukho amanyathelo aliqela ekufuneka athathwe ukuze kufunyanwe i-CE Marking. Okokuqala, kufuneka ufumane ukuba yeyiphi imiyalelo ye-EU esebenza kwiimpahla zakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuya kusebenza imiyalelo engaphezulu kwesinye ngaxeshanye. Okulandelayo, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba uyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko zemiyalelo nganye esebenza kuwe. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngokuvavanya ngokuchasene nemigangatho yaseYurophu ehambelanayo (imigangatho ye-EN). Emva koko kufuneka ubeke iFayile yoBugcisa equka iingxelo zovavanyo, imizobo yobugcisa, uvavanyo lomngcipheko, kunye neSibhengezo sokuVumelana (i-DoC). Okokugqibela, ubeka uphawu lwe-CE kwimveliso, kwiphakheji, okanye kwincwadi yemiyalelo yomsebenzisi, kwaye ugcina onke amaphepha ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10.
Uvavanyo lweqela lesithathu yiNotified Body (ilebhu yesatifikethi evunyiweyo yi-EU) luyafuneka kwizinto ezininzi ezinomngcipheko ophezulu. Umenzi usenokuthi imveliso iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yayo emva kokwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo kwiimveliso ezinomngcipheko omncinci. Abathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina kufuneka basebenzisane neelebhu zovavanyo zaseTshayina eziqinisekisiweyo (iinkampani ezininzi zovavanyo zangaphandle, ezifana ne-SGS, i-Bureau Veritas, i-Intertek, kunye ne-TÜV, zinezibonelelo kwizixeko eziphambili zaseTshayina) okanye iiNotified Bodies ezisekelwe kwi-EU.
Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba akufuneki udibanise uphawu lwe-EU CE nophawu lwe-"China Export" olusetyenziswa ngabanye abavelisi. Kubantu abangaqeqeshwanga, la manqaku mabini abonakala efana kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenzisa olungalunganga kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa eFransi kunokukhokelela ekuthathweni kwempahla kunye neengxaki ezinkulu zomthetho.
Itheyibhile 1: Imiyalelo ephambili ye-EU esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zaseTshayina
| Umyalelo we-EU | Iimveliso ezifanelekileyo | Isiqinisekiso soMntu Wesithathu? |
| I-Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2014/35/EU | Izixhobo zombane (50V–1000V AC) | Ngokwesiqhelo ukuzivuma |
| Isikhokelo se-EMC 2014/30 / EU | Izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo | Ukuzibhengeza |
| Isikhokelo seRadiyo yezixhobo (RED) 2014/53 / EU | I-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, izixhobo ze-RF | Kufuneka umzimba onolwazi |
| Isikhokelo soomatshini ngo-2006/42 / EC | Izixhobo zamandla, oomatshini | Umngcipheko-based |
| Umyalelo weRoHS 2011/65 / EU | Zonke iimveliso ze-EEE | Ukuzibhengeza |
| Umyalelo woKhuseleko lweMveliso ngokuBanzi (GPSD) | Iimpahla zabathengi (zihlaziywe yi-GPSR ngoDisemba 2024) | Iyahluka ngokomngcipheko wemveliso |
| I-Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC | Izinto zokudlala kunye neemveliso zabantwana | Kufuneka umzimba onolwazi |
I-RoHS: Ukugcina Izinto Eziyingozi Zingangeni Kwizixhobo Ze-elektroniki
Umyalelo weMiqathango yeZinto eziNgozi (2011/65/EU, njengoko uhlaziyiwe yi-Directive (EU) 2015/863) uthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto eziyingozi kwizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki (EEE). Lo mthetho wenziwe ukukhusela abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa inani leekhompawundi eziyingozi ezifika kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye nemijelo yokurisayikilisha xa iimveliso zingasasebenzi.
I-RoHS isebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki ezithengiswa kwi-EU, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zenziwe phi. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izibane ze-LED, iintambo, iitshaja, izixhobo ezikrelekrele ikhaya izixhobo, kunye nezinye iimpahla ezidityanisiweyo ezithunyelwa ngabathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina eFransi kufuneka zihlangabezane nemida yezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphambi kokuba zingene kweli lizwe. Kwiindidi ezithile zemveliso, ukuthotyelwa kweRoHS kuyafuneka nakwi-CE Marking. Awunakubeka uphawu lwe-CE kwimveliso de uqinisekise ukuba iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yeRoHS.
Ziziphi Izinto Ezithintelweyo?
Iikhemikhali ezilishumi ngoku azivumelekanga phantsi kweRoHS. Ezintandathu zokuqala, ezongezwe phantsi kweRoHS 1 zaza zaqinisekiswa phantsi kweRoHS 2, yi-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-hexavalent chromium, i-polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), kunye ne-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). I-RoHS 3 (Umyalelo ka-2015/863) yongeze i-DEHP, i-BBP, i-DBP, kunye ne-DIBP kuluhlu lwee-phthalates. Ixabiso eliphezulu loxinzelelo (i-MCV) kwisithako ngasinye yi-0.1% ngobunzima bezinto ezilinganayo (i-cadmium inqunyelwe kwi-0.01%).
Itheyibhile 2: Izinto eziNqatshelweyo zeRoHS kunye neMida yoXinzelelo
| Into | Ixabiso Eliphezulu Lokugxila (i-MCV) | Imithombo Eqhelekileyo kwi-Elektroniki |
| Khokela (Pb) | 0.1% | I-Solder, iintambo zePVC, iglasi |
| Imercury (HG) | 0.1% | Izibane ze-fluorescent, iibhetri |
| I-Cadmium (Cd) | 0.01% | Iibhetri, imibala, ipleyiti |
| Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI) | 0.1% | Iingubo ezichasene ne-corrosion |
| PBB | 0.1% | Izinto ezithintela ilangatye kwiiplastiki |
| PBDE | 0.1% | Izinto ezithintela ilangatye kwiibhodi zesekethe |
| I-DEHP, i-BBP, i-DBP, i-DIBP (ii-Phthalates) | I-0.1% nganye | Iintambo zePVC, iigasket, iipeyinti |
Ukuze uthobele i-RoHS, kufuneka ufumane izibhengezo zezinto ezivela kubaboneleli bakho bezinto, uvavanye iimpahla ezigqityiweyo okanye izinto kwilebhu usebenzisa iinkqubo ezaziwayo (imigangatho ye-IEC 62321), kwaye ugcine iFayile yoBugcisa ebonisa ukuhambelana. I-RoHS ayifuni siqinisekiso somntu wesithathu, kodwa abathengisi baseTshayina bafanele bafumane iziphumo zovavanyo zomntu wesithathu kwiilebhu ezaziwayo. Amagosa erhafu kunye namaqela okuthobela imithetho yemarike ahlala ecela ezi ziphumo.
Kukho izinto ezingabandakanywanga kwiRoHS xa kusetyenziswa ezinye izinto apho ezinye izinto ezitshintshayo zingekasebenzi ngokwetekhnoloji. Umzekelo, ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa ilothe kwi-soldering yobushushu obuphezulu okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango. IKhomishini yaseYurophu ijonga ezi zinto zingabandakanywanga rhoqo kwaye zihlala ixesha elithile kuphela. Ukuba imveliso yakho ixhomekeke kwi-exemption, hlala ujonge uhlaziyo lweKhomishini ye-EU. I-exemption ephelelwe lixesha ingenza imveliso yakho ingathobeli ngokungalindelekanga.
I-WEEE eFransi: Uxanduva oluPhezulu loMvelisi weNkunkuma ye-Elektroniki
I-WEEE Directive (2012/19/EU) ithetha ngento eyenzekayo kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki emva kokuba abantu begqibile ukuzisebenzisa. Yenza abavelisi, kuquka nabathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abathengisa ngqo eFransi, bahlawulele ukuqokelelwa, unyango, kunye nokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma yombane neye-elektroniki. Ingcinga ephambili yi-Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), nto leyo ethetha ukuba uxanduva lwakho kwimveliso alupheli xa uyithengisa.
Inkqubo ye-WEEE eFransi yenye yezona zicwangcisiweyo eYurophu. Naliphi na ishishini elithengisa iimpahla zombane okanye ze-elektroniki eFransi kufuneka libhalise kwi-WEEE Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO) eyamkelwe yi-ADEME. I-Ecosystem kunye ne-Ecologic zezona PRO ziphambili eFransi kwi-WEEE. Xa ubhalisa, ufumana iNombolo yoKwazisa eYahlukileyo (i-UIN) ekufuneka ibe kumaphepha akho eshishini, imiqathango nemiqathango yewebhusayithi, kunye neeprofayili zomthengisi kwiindawo zemarike.
Ngubani othathwa njengo “Mvelisi” phantsi koMthetho we-WEEE waseFransi?
Inguqulelo yesiFrentshi ye-WEEE Directive inentsingiselo ebanzi kakhulu yegama elithi “umvelisi.” Ibandakanya naliphi na ishishini elenza i-EEE phantsi kophawu lwayo, elizisa i-EEE eFransi livela kwelinye ilizwe, okanye elithengisa i-EEE kubathengi baseFransi phantsi kwegama lalo, nokuba abanayo ivenkile ebonakalayo eFransi. Ngamanye amazwi, umthengisi eShenzhen othumela imicu ye-LED okanye iiplagi ezikrelekrele ngqo kubathengi baseFransi bevela kwindawo yokugcina impahla kwelinye ilizwe ngumvelisi we-WEEE ngokusemthethweni kwaye kufuneka abhalise.
Iinkampani ezingezizo ezaseFransi kwaye ezingenalo ilungelo lokungena ngokusemthethweni eFransi kufuneka ziqeshe ummeli ogunyazisiweyo (mandataire autorisé) onenombolo yobhaliso ye-SIREN yaseFransi. Ummeli usayina isivumelwano se-PRO, afake iingxelo zonyaka, aze ahlawule iminikelo ye-eco yomvelisi waseTshayina. Ukuba awubhalisi okanye awusebenzi ngaphandle kwe-UIN esebenzayo, iimveliso zakho zinokuthathwa kumaqonga, ukungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunokuthintelwa kwizithethe zaseFransi, kwaye unokuhlawuliswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-€100,000 kunye ne-€7,500 ngeyunithi nganye engathobeliyo.
Iimbopheleleko ze-WEEE ezisebenzayo
Wakuba ubhalisile, kufuneka uxele kwi-PRO yakho rhoqo ngonyaka malunga nobunzima kunye nohlobo lwe-EEE eyathengiswa eFransi kunyaka wekhalenda odlulileyo. I-PRO yakho idla ngokuseta amaxesha athile okuba iingxelo zifuneka nini. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zakho zinophawu lwe-WEEE olufunekayo, oluyibhini enamavili enqamlezileyo, nokuba kwimveliso ngokwayo okanye, ukuba isixhobo sincinci kakhulu, kwincwadi yomsebenzisi. Kufuneka uxelele abathengi malunga neendlela zabo zokulahla izinto kwaye uncede ekuhlawuleni iziseko zokubuyisela izinto emva kwazo nokuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe.
Inkcazo ye-EU ye-WEEE itshintshile ukusukela nge-15 ka-Agasti 2018. Yayiquka kuphela iintlobo ezili-10 zezixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki, kodwa ngoku igubungela phantse zonke. Olu lwandiso luthetha ukuba uninzi lweemveliso ezazingalawulwa ngaphambili ngoku zigutyungelwe yi-WEEE. Oku kuquka izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikrelekrele, izixhobo zokulandelela impilo, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya ezidityanisiweyo ezithengiswa ngabathengisi baseTshayina.
Iimfuno Ezithile ZaseFransi: Yintoni Edlula Isiseko Se-EU
Umthetho we-AGEC eFransi (Loi relevant à la lutte contre le gaspillage et à l'économie circulaire), owamiselwa ngoFebruwari 2020 kwaye uye waqalisa ukusebenza kancinci ukususela ngoko, wongeza inani lemigangatho engqongqo kunemiyalelo ye-WEEE ye-EU kunye neyokupakisha. Abathengisi baseTshayina abafuna ukuthengisa eFransi kufuneka bazi ngemithetho ethile eyenzelwe imakethi yaseFransi kuphela.
Uphawu lweTriman luphawu olufunekayo lokuphinda kusetyenziswe olumele lube kuzo zonke iimveliso ezithengiswa eFransi eziphantsi kwe-EPR (kuquka ne-EEE). Ilogo kufuneka ize nemiyalelo yesiFrentshi yendlela yokucwangcisa impahla kunye nendawo yokuyilahla. Lo mthetho usebenza kuzo zombini iimpahla kunye nebhokisi engena kuyo. Ukungabonisi uphawu lweTriman ngumsantsa wokuthobela umthetho onokufunyanwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwemarike.
I-ADEME iqhuba iqonga le-SYDEREP, eliyidathabheyisi yobhaliso lwe-EPR yesizwe. I-UIN yakho, oyifumanayo xa ubhalisa kwi-PRO evunyiweyo, kufuneka ihlale isebenza kwaye isebenza. I-ADEME yenza uluhlu lukawonke-wonke lwabavelisi abalandela imithetho, kwaye iimarike zisebenzisa le dathabheyisi ngakumbi nangakumbi ukujonga iimveliso ngaphambi kokuba zidweliswe. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2025, iFransi iya kusebenzisa i-EPR kwiphakheji yemizi-mveliso neyezorhwebo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abathumeli be-B2B baya kuba noxanduva olutsha ababengenalo ngaphambili.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-2025, iKhomishini ye-EU ikhuphe izindululo ezibini zomthetho (COM(2025) 982 kunye neCOM(2025) 983) ezinokuthi zibeke imfuneko yommeli ogunyazisiweyo kwimiba yamashishini asekelwe kwi-EU kude kube ngu-2035. Kodwa ezi ngcinga zithi ngokucacileyo amashishini angaphandle kwe-EU, kuquka nabavelisi baseTshayina, awabandakanywanga ekwenzeni lula oku. Abathengisi bamanye amazwe baseTshayina kufuneka baqhubeke betyumba abameli abagunyazisiweyo ukuze bathobele i-WEEE eFransi, nokuba imithetho iyatshintsha kwixesha elizayo echaphazela abathengisi abaneentloko kwi-EU.
Uluhlu Lokuhlola Ukuthobela Imithetho: Isishwankathelo Senyathelo Ngenyathelo
Ngaphambi kokuba uthumele nayiphi na into yombane okanye ye-elektroniki eFransi, sebenzisa itheyibhile engezantsi njengesikhokelo. Into nganye yimbopheleleko yomthetho yokwenyani, ayisiyongcebiso nje kuphela. Ukuba awuthathi naliphi na inyathelo, ungajongana neentlawulo ezivela kurhulumente, ubanjwe kwirhafu, okanye ususwe eqongeni.
Itheyibhile 3: Uluhlu lokujonga uphawu lwe-CE, i-RoHS kunye noluhlu lokuhlola ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ye-WEEE kubathumeli-mpahla baseTshayina eFransi
| Indawo yokuThobela | Intshukumo efunekayo | Ngubani Onembopheleleko | isimo |
| Ukumakisha | Chonga imiyalelo efanelekileyo ye-EU kwimveliso yakho | Umrhwebi wangaphandle / ongenisa ngaphandle | ☐ Kulindwe |
| Ukumakisha | Yenza uvavanyo lwemveliso ngokuchasene nemigangatho ye-EN ehambelanayo | Ilebhu evunyiweyo (CN okanye EU) | ☐ Kulindwe |
| Ukumakisha | Qulunqa iFayile yoBugcisa (iingxelo zovavanyo, i-DoC, uvavanyo lomngcipheko) | Umrhwebi wangaphandle / ongenisa ngaphandle | ☐ Kulindwe |
| Ukumakisha | Yila kwaye usayine iSibhengezo sokuVumelana ne-EU (i-DoC) | Umrhwebi wangaphandle / ongenisa ngaphandle | ☐ Kulindwe |
| Ukumakisha | Ncamathisela uphawu lwe-CE kwimveliso/kwiphakheji/kwincwadi yesikhokelo | Umenzi wangaphandle / umenzi | ☐ Kulindwe |
| RoHS | Fumana izibhengezo zezinto ezibonakalayo kubo bonke ababoneleli bezinto | Umenzi wangaphandle / umenzi | ☐ Kulindwe |
| RoHS | Vavanya imveliso egqityiweyo kwizinto ezili-10 ezithintelweyo (IEC 62321) | Ilebhu evunyiweyo | ☐ Kulindwe |
| RoHS | Qinisekisa ukuba ukukhululwa okufanelekileyo kungoku kwaye kubhaliwe | Umthengisi wangaphandle / igqwetha | ☐ Kulindwe |
| RoHS | Faka ingxelo yokuthobela iRoHS kumaxwebhu obugcisa | kwamanye amazwe | ☐ Kulindwe |
| I-WEEE (eFransi) | Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso iwela phantsi kobubanzi be-WEEE | Umthengisi wangaphandle / igqwetha | ☐ Kulindwe |
| I-WEEE (eFransi) | Chonga ummeli oGunyazisiweyo waseFransi (umnini we-SIREN) | kwamanye amazwe | ☐ Kulindwe |
| I-WEEE (eFransi) | Bhalisa kwi-French WEEE PRO evunyiweyo (i-Ecosystem / i-Ecologic) | Ummeli ogunyazisiweyo | ☐ Kulindwe |
| I-WEEE (eFransi) | Fumana iNombolo yoLwazi oluKhethekileyo (i-UIN) kwi-ADEME nge-SYDEREP | Ummeli ogunyazisiweyo | ☐ Kulindwe |
| I-WEEE (eFransi) | Bonisa uphawu lwebhini enamavili enqamlezileyo kwimveliso/kwincwadi yesikhokelo | Umenzi wangaphandle / umenzi | ☐ Kulindwe |
| I-WEEE (eFransi) | Ngenisa isibhengezo sonyaka se-EEE esibekwe kwimarike yaseFransi | Ummeli ogunyazisiweyo | ☐ Kulindwe |
| I-WEEE (eFransi) | Hlawula iminikelo ye-eco yonyaka kwi-PRO | Ummeli ogunyazisiweyo | ☐ Kulindwe |
| IFrance EPR / AGEC | Bonisa ilogo yeTriman kunye nemiyalelo yokuhlela yesiFrentshi kwimveliso/ukupakisha | Umenzi wangaphandle / umenzi | ☐ Kulindwe |
| IFrance EPR / AGEC | Bhalisa i-UIN kuzo zonke iiakhawunti zemarike (i-Amazon FR, i-Cdiscount, njl.njl.) | kwamanye amazwe | ☐ Kulindwe |
| IFrance EPR / AGEC | Jonga uhlaziyo lwe-ADEME / PRO ukuze ufumane imihla yokugqibela yengxelo kunye notshintsho lwentlawulo | Umthumeli ngaphandle / i-AR | ☐ Iyaqhubeka |
| Ukupakisha i-EPR (ukususela ngoJanuwari 2025) | Bhalisela ukupakisha kwekhaya kunye/okanye kwe-B2B i-EPR ukuba ikhona | Umthumeli ngaphandle / i-AR | ☐ Kulindwe |
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Eziphezulu Okuluxhasa Ngayo Uhambo Lwakho Lokuthobela Imithetho
Amaphepha okuthobela imithetho yinxalenye nje yephazili. Ukuba iqabane lakho lezothutho aliyazi imithetho, nemveliso ethobela ngokupheleleyo inokulibaziseka, ithunyelwe kwindawo engafanelekanga, okanye ingacocwa ngokuchanekileyo kwi-customs. Kulapho ukuba nenkonzo yokuthutha impahla enqamlezileyo enokukunceda ukuba uphumelele kukhuphiswano.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumnikezeli ofanelekileyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukususela ngo-2010. Iqela labasunguli bale nkampani linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla. Ulwazi lwe-Topway lusekelwe kakhulu kwi-China-US. Iinkonzo zenkampani ziquka lonke uthotho lwe-logistics, ukusuka ekuthuthweni kokuqala ukusuka kubavelisi baseTshayina nakwiindawo zokugcina impahla ukuya phesheya kolwandle. ukugcina, ukucoca imithwalo, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike ezinkulu zehlabathi, kuquka neYurophu.
I-Topway inikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ezivela eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka namazibuko abalulekileyo aseYurophu akhonza imakethi yaseFransi. Iingcali zeTopway zinokukunceda ufumane isisombululo sokuhambisa esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho, nokuba uhambisa isitya esipheleleyo se-elektroniki kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaseFransi ye-3PL okanye kwiimpahla ezincinci ze-LCL ukuvavanya imakethi.
Abasebenzi be-customs clearing baseTopway bayazi ukuba ngawaphi amaphepha afunekayo kwi-French and EU customs kwiimveliso ze-EEE, njenge-CE Declarations of Conformity, iingxelo zovavanyo lwe-RoHS, iinombolo zobhaliso lwabavelisi be-WEEE, kunye nohlu olufanelekileyo lwekhowudi ye-HS. Oku kubaluleke nangakumbi. I-Customs iya kuchonga ukuthunyelwa okungenawo amaphepha afanelekileyo okuhlolwa, okunokubangela ukulibaziseka okukhulu kunye neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba neqabane lezothutho elaziyo into oyifunayo kwaye likuncede ufumane amaxwebhu afanelekileyo e-customs ngaphambi kokuba uhambe yindlela yokwenyani yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.
ITopway ikwanazo neendlela zokugcina impahla ngaphandle kwelizwe kwiimarike ezibalulekileyo zamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kubathumeli ngaphandle abaqokelela impahla belungiselela ukuqaliswa kwimarike yaseFransi. Xa unempahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla yangaphandle enefayile yokuthobela imithetho eqinisekisiweyo kwangaphambili, ungazalisa iiodolo ngokukhawuleza xa ubhaliso lwakho lwe-WEEE kunye namaphepha e-CE sele elungile. Oku kungcono kunokulinda iiveki ukuba iodolo nganye ithunyelwe ivela eTshayina. Kubathengisi be-e-commerce baseTshayina abafuna ukudala ubukho bexesha elide kwimarike yaseFransi, iziseko zothutho zeTopway kunye nokugxila ekuthobeleni imithetho ziingenelo ezinkulu zokusebenza kwimpahla nganye ethunyelwayo.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwa ngabathumeli bamanye amazwe baseTshayina - kunye nendlela yokuziphepha
Emva kweminyaka yokusebenza nabathumeli-mpahla abathumela iimpahla ngaphaya kwemida, sibona iindlela ezifanayo zokungathobeli imithetho ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuzazi ezi mpazamo ziqhelekileyo kunokukunceda uphephe ukwenza ezibiza kakhulu.
Uninzi lwabantu lwenza impazamo yokucinga ukuba i-CE Marking ngumsebenzi wokulebhelisha kube kanye endaweni yenkqubo yobugcisa eqhubekayo. Ukuthobela i-CE kufuneka kugcinwe kusemgangathweni kuzo zonke iibhetshi zokuvelisa. Ukuba umthengisi wakho utshintsha inxalenye, uhlaziya uyilo lwebhodi yesekethe, okanye utshintshela komnye umthengisi weplastiki, amaxwebhu akho obuchwephesha amadala asenokungasebenzi. Faka izaziso malunga notshintsho kwizakhi kwizivumelwano zakho nabathengisi.
Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo kukucinga ukuba ukuthobela iRoHS yemveliso ngexesha lokuthengwa kwifektri yaseTshayina kuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala ithobela yonke indlela yokubonelela. Ngexesha lokucubungula okwesibini, ukupakisha, okanye ukugcina, izinto zinokungcoliswa. Endaweni yokuthemba nje oko kuthethwa ngababoneleli bakho, qiniseka ukuba umzi-mveliso wakho ukunika izatifikethi zeRoHS zebhetshi nganye kwaye uvavanya iimpahla zokugqibela ngoko nangoko.
Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo kwicala le-WEEE kukungabhalisi ngaphambi kokuthengiswa kokuqala, kungekhona ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa okukhulu kokuqala. Ngaphambi kokuba iimveliso zibekwe kwimarike, umgaqo we-WEEE waseFransi uthi ubhaliso kufuneka lube khona. Ubhaliso olubuyela umva alulungisi ukwaphulwa kwemithetho yangaphambili kwaye alukhuseli izigwebo ngexesha apho intengiso yayisenziwa ngaphandle kwe-UIN esebenzayo.
Okokugqibela, uninzi lwabathumeli ngaphandle abaqondi ukuba imithetho itshintsha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani eFransi. Umthetho we-AGEC usasebenza ngamanqanaba, kwaye iindlela ezintsha ze-EPR zefenitshala, iithoyi, kunye neemveliso ze-DIY zivulwa nganye nganye. Nabani na othumela ngaphandle ozimiseleyo kufuneka abe nekhalenda yokuthobela imithetho yangaphakathi enemihla yokugqibela ebalulekileyo yemithetho yaseFransi kwaye ahlale ebhalisele iincwadana zeendaba ze-ADEME kunye ne-PRO.
isiphelo
Abathengisi baseTshayina banokwenza imali eninzi ngokuthengisa izinto ze-elektroniki kunye neempahla zombane eFransi, kodwa kuphela ukuba baphatha ukuthobela imithetho njengento ephambili kwishishini kwaye kungekhona into yokucinga emva koko. Ukuphawula kwe-CE, i-RoHS, kunye ne-WEEE azikho nje kuphela; ngumthetho okuvumela ukuba ungene kwenye yezona ndawo zinkulu zabathengi eYurophu. Ukusetyenziswa kwale mithetho ngendlela eyahlukileyo eFransi, ngakumbi ngomthetho we-AGEC, ukubeka esweni i-ADEME, kunye nobhaliso olufunekayo lwe-EPR, kwenza izinto zibe nzima kakhulu kunokuba uninzi lwabathengisi bempahla belindele xa beqala ukujonga imakethi ye-EU.
Uluhlu lokuhlola ukuthobela imithetho kweli nqaku lukunika indawo ecwangcisiweyo yokuqala. Kodwa ukuthobela imithetho akumiselwanga nzulu. IFrance iqhubeka nokwenza ucwangciso lwayo lwe-EPR lube ngqongqo, yongeza ezinye iindidi zemveliso kunye nokupakisha, kwaye icinezela iimarike ze-intanethi. Ukufumana iziqinisekiso zokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuqinisekisa ukuba unenkqubo yokujonga ukuthobela imithetho.
Kukwabaluleke kakhulu ukwenza izinto zigqibelele. Imveliso ehambelanayo efika kwizithethe zaseFransi ingenazo zonke iimpepha ezifanelekileyo, enoluhlu lwerhafu olungalunganga, okanye engenazo iinombolo zobhaliso ze-WEEE nangona kunjalo ingabanjwa, ithunyelwe kwakhona, okanye itshatyalaliswe. Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo onokuzenza ukukhusela utyalo-mali lwakho kunye nokwakha uthungelwano lokubonelela oluthembekileyo oluya eFransi kukusebenza neqabane lezothutho elifana neTopway Shipping elikwaziyo ukuphatha amaphepha ezithethe kunye nokuthobela imveliso kwindlela esuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu.
FAQs
Q: Ngaba i-CE Marking ithetha ukuba imveliso yam ithobela i-RoHS ngokuzenzekelayo?
A: Hayi. Ukumakishwa kwe-CE kunye ne-RoHS zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene kakhulu. Ukumakishwa kwe-CE kubandakanya imithetho eliqela, efana naleyo yokhuseleko kunye nokuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic. Kwelinye icala, i-RoHS ithintela kuphela iikhompawundi eziyingozi. Ukuthotyelwa kwe-RoHS yimfuneko yokumakishwa kwe-CE kwizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki. Awunakubeka uphawu lwe-CE ngokusemthethweni kwinto ethile ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nemigaqo ye-RoHS kuqala, nangona ezi nkqubo zimbini zifuna amaphepha ahlukeneyo, uvavanyo, kunye nezibhengezo.
Umbuzo: Ndithengisa kwiAmazon France. Ngaba ndisafuna ubhaliso lweWEEE ukuba iAmazon iphatha ezothutho?
A: Ewe. Nokuba ukhetha yiphi na imodeli yokufezekisa, inkampani ethengisa iimveliso eFransi kufuneka ibhalisele i-WEEE. I-Amazon Marketplace ayizikhathaleli iimbopheleleko zakho ze-WEEE. Kuya kuqheleka ngakumbi ukuba abathengisi babonise ii-UIN ezisebenzayo ezivela kwi-ADEME ngaphambi kokuba bathengise izinto, kodwa ayikwazi ukukubhalisela. Kufuneka ubhalise kwi-French WEEE PRO kwaye ufumane i-UIN yakho.
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuMakisha i-CE kwimveliso ye-elektroniki eqhelekileyo?
A: Ewe. Nokuba ukhetha yiphi na imodeli yokufezekisa, inkampani ethengisa iimveliso eFransi kufuneka ibhalisele i-WEEE. I-Amazon Marketplace ayizikhathaleli iimbopheleleko zakho ze-WEEE. Kuya kuqheleka ngakumbi ukuba abathengisi babonise ii-UIN ezisebenzayo ezivela kwi-ADEME ngaphambi kokuba bathengise izinto, kodwa ayikwazi ukukubhalisela. Kufuneka ubhalise kwi-French WEEE PRO kwaye ufumane i-UIN yakho.
Q: Yintoni isiseko sedatha se-SYDEREP kwaye ngaba kufuneka ndibe kuso?
A: I-ADEME iqhuba i-SYDEREP, eyinkqubo yobhaliso kunye nokwazisa yesizwe saseFransi i-EPR. Ukuba wenza nantoni na ewela phantsi kwenkqubo yesiFrentshi i-EPR, efana ne-WEEE, ukupakisha, iibhetri, okanye amalaphu, kufuneka ubhalise kwi-SYDEREP nge-PRO yakho evunyiweyo. I-SYDEREP ikunika i-UIN yakho kwaye iyigcina ihlaziyiwe. Iimarike ezininzi zaseFransi kunye nabathengi be-B2B basebenzisa i-SYDEREP ukuqinisekisa ukuba ababoneleli babo balandela imithetho.
Q: Ngaba iTopway Shipping inokunceda ekukhutshweni kwempahla kwiimveliso ezihambelana ne-CE kunye ne-WEEE?
A: Ewe. Iqela elijongene nokususwa kwempahla kwiTopway Shipping linamava kakhulu kwaye linyamekela onke amaphepha ekufuneka enziwe kwiimveliso ze-EEE eziza kwiimarike zaseYurophu. Oku kuquka iSibhengezo se-CE sokuthobela imithetho, iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-RoHS, kunye neereferensi zobhaliso lwabavelisi. I-Topway ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezipheleleyo zothutho, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala lothutho eTshayina ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla yangaphandle ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwempahla okukhawulezileyo. Oku kubenza babe liqabane elifanelekileyo kubathengisi bangaphandle baseTshayina abafuna ukwakha uthungelwano lokuhambisa impahla eFransi.
