Uhambo lukaloliwe oluya eChina ukuya eSpain: Iintsuku ezili-18 zeYiwu ukuya eMadrid, Ngaba lufanelekile?
intshayelelo
Uloliwe wempahla wasuka eYiwu, kwiPhondo laseZhejiang, ngoNovemba ka-2014. Wahamba ngokuzolileyo kumazwe asibhozo kunye neekhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-13,000 zendlela ngaphambi kokuba ufike eMadrid emva kweentsuku ezingama-21. Yayisisiqalo sendlela yempahla yempahla yesitimela ende emhlabeni, nangona abantu abaninzi babengayinanzanga loo nto ngelo xesha. Loo ndlela inye ikhule yaba yenye yezona ndlela zorhwebo zibalulekileyo phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu emva kweminyaka elishumi.
Ngowama-2024, oololiwe bokuthutha impahla beYiwu-China-Europe babehamba ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezili-1,100 ngonyaka, ukusuka kwizihlandlo ezingama-23 ngonyaka kunyaka wabo wokuqala. Babethwala izinto ezixabisa i-$2.62 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka kwiindidi zemveliso eziphantse zibe ngama-50,000. Icandelo leYiwu-Madrid lodwa lenze uhambo oluyi-1,800 oluya nokubuya, lihambisa iikhonteyina ezili-145,500 ezixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-$8 yeebhiliyoni iyonke. Amaxesha okuthutha nawo ehlile ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-21 zokuqala ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-18-20 ezikhuphisanayo ngakumbi kunye neshedyuli engcono.
Ukuba ungumthumeli okanye uthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe uzibuza ukuba le ndlela iyavakala na kwishishini ngo-2025 nangaphaya, impendulo yile: iyahluka, kodwa idla ngokuba njalo. Eli nqaku liza kuthetha ngendlela, iindleko, amaphepha afunekayo, utshintshiselwano kwihlabathi lokwenyani, kunye nendlela abathumeli abanamava abafana neTopway Shipping abanokukunceda ngayo wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
Indlela: Iikhilomitha ezili-13,000 kumazwe asibhozo
Indlela kaloliwe iYiwu-Madrid, ebizwa ngokuba yiYixin'ou China-Europe freight train, iqala kwiSitishi sikaloliwe iYiwu West kwiPhondo laseZhejiang, elilikhaya lemarike enkulu yehlabathi yeempahla ezithengiswa ngobuninzi. Emva koko, uloliwe uya ngasentshona udlula kumda weXinjiang iAlashankou usiya eKazakhstan. Emva koko udlula eRashiya naseBelarus ngaphambi kokuba ungene ePoland kunye nothungelwano lukaloliwe lwaseYurophu oluqhelekileyo. Udlula eJamani naseFransi ngaphambi kokuba wehle uye eSpain uze uphele kwisitishi saseMadrid iAbroñigal.
Ubunzima bokutshintsha kwegeyiji bubo obenza le ndlela ibe nzima kakhulu kwaye yintoni eyenza abathuthi abanobuchule bahluke kwabo bangenamava kangako. I-standard gauge track (1,435 mm) isetyenziswa eTshayina, ePoland, naseNtshona Yurophu. IKazakhstan, eRashiya, naseBelarus zonke zisebenzisa i-Russian broad gauge (1,520 mm). ISpain ikwasebenzisa i-Iberian gauge yayo, eyi-1,668 mm. Oko kuthetha ukuba izikhongozeli kufuneka zicinywe okanye zidluliselwe ubuncinane kabini ngexesha lohambo: kube kanye xa zingena kwi-Central Asia kwaye kube kanye xa zingena eSpain. La manyathelo athatha ixesha elide kwaye afuna ukucutshungulwa okukhethekileyo kwiindawo zokubeka izithuthi.
Oololiwe bashiya iYiwu ngeshedyuli emiselweyo, ngesiqhelo ngoMvulo, ngoLwesine, nangoLwesihlanu. Oku kwenza kube lula ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunokuba imithwalo yolwandle, nto leyo engenakusoloko ithenjwa, ingakumbi xa amazibuko exakekile. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa indlela ngokwelizwe, kunye neendawo eziphambili zokujonga kunye neemfuno zobugcisa zomda ngamnye.
| Ilizwe / Ummandla | Umda oPhambili / iHub | Umngeni ongundoqo | amaNqaku |
| iTshayina | Yiwu / Alashankou | Imvume yokuthumela impahla ngaphandle | Igeyiji eqhelekileyo; ukuhamba rhoqo ngoMvulo/ngoLwesine/ngoLwesihlanu |
| Kazakhstan | I-Dostyk / i-Altynkol | Utshintsho lwegeyiji (esemgangathweni ukuya kwisiRashiya) | I-Bogie exchange kwi-terminal yomda |
| IRashiya / iBelarus | IBrest (umda wasePoland) | Utshintsho lwegeyiji lubuyele kwisiqhelo | Ukuhlolwa kwerhafu yezothutho kuyasebenza |
| IPoland / iJamani / iFransi | IMalaszewicze / eFrankfurt | Amaxwebhu okungenisa e-EU (ICS2) | I-ENS mayifakwe iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba ilayishwe |
| Speyin | eMadrid Abroñigal | Utshintsho lwegeyiji yase-Iberia kumda | Ukususwa kwerhafu yokugqibela kunye nokusasazwa kwayo |
Ixesha lokuThutha kunye neendleko: Indlela oololiwe abakhula ngayo
Eyona ngxaki iphambili kumntu ngamnye othumela impahla ilula: Iza kubiza malini le nto kwaye iza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani? Uthutho lwezithuthi zikaloliwe luphakathi kolwandle nolwandle. uloyiko lomoyaIkhawuleza kunempahla yolwandle, ixabisa kancinci kunempahla yomoya, kwaye iyakhuphisana ngakumbi kuzo zombini ezi ndawo njengoko indlela ikhula.
Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kuthatha iintsuku ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-21 ukuba iimpahla zifike eMadrid zisuka eYiwu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kungathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-22 ukuba irhafu ihlola ukuba izinto zihamba kakuhle kwiindawo zokuwela umda zaseBrest okanye eMalaszewicze. Oku kukhawuleza kakhulu kunokuthunyelwa ngamanzi ukusuka kwizibuko ezinkulu zaseTshayina ukuya eValencia okanye eBarcelona, okuhlala kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-40 ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwelinye, okanye ukuthunyelwa ngenqwelomoya, okuthabatha iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezisi-7 kwaye kubiza kakhulu.
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu kudla ngokubiza phakathi kwe-$3,500 kunye ne-$7,200 ngomthwalo wekhonteyina epheleleyo (i-FCL). Ngowama-2025, icandelo leYiwu-Madrid liza kubiza phakathi kwe-$4,000 kunye ne-$6,500 kwikhonteyina nganye engama-20ft. Ibhokisi efanayo ibiza i-$1,500 ukuya kwi-$2,800 ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle. Ixabiso eliphantsi liphezulu, kodwa kwiimpahla ezineendleko zokuthwala, ungxamiseko lweshishini, okanye iimfuno zexesha elifanelekileyo ezenza iintsuku ezili-15-20 ezongezelelweyo zibize kakhulu, uloliwe unokuba sisisombululo esingcono.
| Indlela yokuhambisa | Ixesha lokuhamba | Ixabiso elimalunga (20ft FCL) | Eyona ilungiselelwe |
| Ulwandle uLwandle | Iintsuku eziyi-30-40 | $ 1,500- $ 2,800 | Iimpahla ezininzi, ezingangxamisekanga |
| Uthutho lukaloliwe (Yiwu–Madrid) | Iintsuku eziyi-18-21 | $ 4,000- $ 6,500 | Ixabiso eliphakathi, imithwalo ethatha ixesha |
| Uloyiko lomoya | Iintsuku eziyi-3-7 | $ 8- $ 15 kg nganye | Umthwalo ongxamisekileyo okanye onexabiso eliphezulu |
Into enye abathumeli abasoloko becinga ngayo kukuzinza kwamaxabiso. Amaxabiso empahla yolwandle ayaziwa ukuba akazinzile. Anganyuka kakhulu xa kukho ukuphazamiseka koLwandle oluBomvu, iziganeko zokuxinana kweenqanawa, kunye nokunyuka kwexesha lonyaka. Amaxabiso empahla yololiwe ahlala efana unyaka wonke. Oku kunceda abathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bacwangcise uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwabo ngcono kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okugqithiswa kweendleko okungalindelekanga ngexesha lomjikelo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla ocwangcisiweyo.
Oko Kunokuhamba Nekungenakukuhamba Ngesitimela
Uthutho lwezithuthi zikaloliwe kwi-Yiwu-Madrid corridor lusebenza kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeempahla, kodwa alulona khetho lufanelekileyo kuyo yonke into. Iintlobo zezinto eziqhelekileyo ezithunyelwa kwiikhonteyina ezilawulwa bubushushu ziquka izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neenxalenye, iinxalenye zeemoto, amalaphu, izinto zemihla ngemihla, oomatshini kunye namayeza. Ezi zinto zifana kakhulu: zixabisa imali eninzi nge-cubic meter nganye, azingxamisekanga ngokwenene, kwaye zinokuthunyelwa kwiikhonteyina zesiqhelo.
Ngokwethiyori, izinto ezibolayo zingathunyelwa kwiikhonteyina ze-reefer, kodwa iinkqubo ezinde zokuwela umda zenza kube nzima kwaye kungathembeki kangako ukugcina ubushushu buzinzile kuneendlela zomoya okanye zaselwandle ezizinikeleyo. Iimpahla ezinkulu ezinexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu azidli ngokwenza iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokuthunyelwa ngololiwe zibe zifanelekile. Iimpahla ezinobungozi zinemithetho ethile malunga nendlela ezinokuthunyelwa ngayo, kwaye ityala ngalinye kufuneka livunywe ngumthwali. Itheyibhile engezantsi iluncedo ekumiseleni ukuba imithwalo ifanelekile na.
| Ifanelekile kwiSitimela | Ukulingana Okuncinci | Ayikhuthazwa |
| I-Electronics kunye namacandelo | Oomatshini abanzima bemizi-mveliso | Izinto ezibolayo (ngaphandle kwe-reifer) |
| Indawo zeMoto | Umthwalo ogqithisiweyo | Iimpahla ezifuna ukuhanjiswa ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezili-10 |
| Iimpahla kunye nempahla | Iimveliso ezininzi | Ubuninzi bexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu (ukuphumelela okukhulu ngexabiso) |
| Iimpahla zabathengi / izinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla | Iipasela ezincinci ze-LCL | Umthwalo weHAZMAT olinganiselweyo |
| Amayeza (izikhongozeli ezilawulwa bubushushu) | Ifenitshala kunye nezinto ezinkulu zasekhaya | Imithwalo efuna ukuhanjiswa komoya odibeneyo |
Ungafumana neenkonzo ze-LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) kule ndlela. Abathuthi bemithwalo badibanisa imithwalo evela kubathuthi abaninzi ibe yisikhongozeli esinye. Oku kwenza imithwalo kaloliwe ifumaneke kubathumeli abancinci ngaphandle kweendleko zebhokisi epheleleyo. Ubude bexesha lokuhamba kwe-LCL bunokuba lide kancinci ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kunye nokwahlukana kwiindawo zokuqala nezokufika kuzo, kodwa ukonga kwindleko kudla ngokuyilungisa loo nto.
Amasiko kunye namaxwebhu: Iinkcukacha ezimisela isantya
Umsebenzi wamaphepha yenye yezona zizathu ziphambili zokuba imithwalo kaloliwe ifike emva kwexesha, kungekhona utshintsho kwigeyiji okanye kwiishedyuli zikaloliwe. Indlela yaseYiwu-Madrid idlula kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwesinye zerhafu, kwaye nganye inemithetho ekufuneka ilandelwe ngaphambi kokuba uloliwe ahambe.
I-EU's Import Control System 2 (ICS2) Release 3 ibisebenza ngokupheleleyo ukusukela ngo-2024. Ifuna ukuba i-Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) ifakwe kwi-intanethi ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba ilayishwe. Oku kuyinyaniso kwimithwalo kaloliwe engena kwi-EU. Inkqubo ifuna amanani apheleleyo e-HS aneenombolo ezi-6 kwinto nganye, hayi uqikelelo lwe-4 olunikezelwa ngababoneleli abaninzi baseTshayina ngokungagqibekanga. Ikhowudi ye-HS engalunganga okanye engekhoyo inokugcina umthwalo kumda wasePoland kangangeentsuku.
Ngowama-2025, i-EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) nayo yaba yesisigxina. Abathengisi be-EU bentsimbi, i-aluminium, isamente, izichumisi, umbane, kunye ne-hydrogen ezigutyungelwe yi-CBAM kufuneka babhalise njengee-CBAM declarants ezigunyazisiweyo kwaye bathumele iingxelo zonyaka ezinedatha yokukhupha ukungcola okuqinisekisiweyo. Uninzi lwezinto zabathengi ezithuthwa ukusuka e-Yiwu azigutyungelwa okwangoku, kodwa amashishini athumela naziphi na izinto zoshishino eSpain kufuneka ajonge ukuba ayathobela na imithetho ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe.
| Uxwebhu | Imfuneko ephambili |
| I-invoyisi yentengiso | Kufuneka ihambelane ngokuchanekileyo noluhlu lokupakisha; ixabiso elibhengeziweyo nge-USD okanye i-EUR |
| Uluhlu lokupakisha | Ubunzima beenkcukacha, ubukhulu, kunye neekhowudi ze-HS ngento nganye |
| Umthetho Wokuthwala Iimpahla Kaloliwe (CIM) | Ikhutshwe ngumthwali kaloliwe; isebenza njengoxwebhu lwesihloko sempahla |
| Isatifikethi semvelaphi | Iyimfuneko kwiingqwalasela zerhafu ezikhethekileyo ze-EU |
| Isibhengezo sesishwankathelo soNgeniso lwe-EU ICS2 (ENS) | Kufuneka ifayilishwe iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba ilayishwe; iikhowudi ze-HS ezipheleleyo ezinamanani ama-6 ziyanyanzeleka |
| Inombolo ye-EORI (uMthumeli we-EU) | Ubhaliso lwaBasebenzi bezoQoqosho be-EU; luyimfuneko ukuze kugqitywe irhafu eSpain |
Ukongeza kwimithetho esebenza kwi-EU kuphela, imithwalo kufuneka ibhengezwe ngokufanelekileyo xa idlula eKazakhstan, eRashiya, naseBelarus. Inkampani yeenqwelo-mafutha kunye neearhente zayo ikakhulu zijongana neenkqubo zerhafu yezothutho kwezi ndawo. Nangona kunjalo, iimpazamo kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo okanye kuluhlu lokupakisha zinokubangela ukulibaziseka kuyo yonke indawo yokuma esezantsi. Kudla ngokuba kubiza kancinci ukuchaneka kwasekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokuthumela kunokulungisa iimpazamo endleleni.
Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Omele Uziqwalasele: Oko Abathumeli Badla Ngokukwenza Okungalunganga
Xa ujonga itheyibhile yokuthelekisa, indlela yeYiwu-Madrid ibonakala intle. Amava asebenzayo anokuba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye abantu abayisebenzisa okokuqala badla ngokungacingi ngazo zonke izinto.
Ixesha leNkokeli yokuBhukisha
Ukuhamba ngololiwe kuyamiselwa, kwaye indawo yeekhonteyina izaliswa ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ngexesha loNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina, iVeki yeGolide, kunye namaxesha axakekileyo onyaka okungenisa impahla eYurophu. Abathumeli abasebenze oku ixesha elide babhukisha ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini kwangaphambili. Ngexesha elixakekileyo, iiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu zingcono. Ukuba uphoswa kukuhamba, kunokufuneka ulinde iveki ukuya kolandelayo, nto leyo enokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumaxesha okuhambisa.
Amaxabiso ukusuka emnyango ukuya emnyango xa kuthelekiswa namaxabiso ukusuka kwisiphelo sendlela ukuya kwisiphelo sendlela
Uninzi lwexesha, imithwalo kaloliwe ixabisa ukusuka kwisikhululo ukuya kwesinye. Kukho iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokuthutha iilori ezonyusa ixesha kunye neendleko zokufumana imithwalo evela kumenzi weYiwu ukuya kwisikhululo sokuhamba, uze emva koko ukusuka kwisikhululo saseMadrid saseAbroñigal ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela eSpain okanye kwenye indawo eYurophu. Xa kuthelekiswa amaxabiso eshishini, isibonelelo esineenkcukacha somthumeli wenkonzo epheleleyo emnyango nomnyango sihlala siluncedo ngakumbi kunexabiso lesitimela eliphambili.
Umngcipheko weendlela ze-Geopolitical
Inkonzo enkulu yeYiwu-Madrid idlula eKazakhstan kwiCentral Corridor, oko kuthetha ukuba ayidluli eRashiya phantse yonke indlela. Nangona kunjalo, abathumeli kufuneka bajonge kumthumeli wabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayazi ngqo indlela kunye nento abamele bayenze ukuba indlela ivaliwe. Ezinye iinkonzo zidlula kummandla waseRashiya okanye waseBelarus, oko kuthetha ukuba zisengozini enkulu kunangaphambili kowama-2022.
Ukulandelela kunye nokubonakala
Oololiwe banamhlanje bempahla phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu banokulandelela ngeGPS kunye nohlaziyo lokujonga umda wedijithali, oluvumela abathumeli ukuba babone apho imithwalo yabo ikhoyo ngexesha langempela. Kodwa umgangatho wedatha yokulandelela wahlukile kumboneleli wenkonzo omnye komnye. Abathumeli abaziwayo abanonxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lwenkampani badla ngokukunika ukubonakala okukhulu kunabathengisi abakwinqanaba elide ukusuka kumqhubi wesitimela wokwenyani.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Eziphezulu Okuyixhasa Ngayo Impahla Yesitimela Ephakathi KwaseTshayina NaseSpain
I-Topway Shipping ibisoloko inikezela ngeenkonzo zobuchwephesha zothutho oluwela imida ukususela ngo-2010. Iofisi yayo ephambili iseShenzhen, eTshayina. Abantu abaqalise le nkampani banamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwihlabathi lokwenyani kwezothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwerhafu. Baziingcali kwiindlela zothutho phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu, ezifana ne-China-Europe Railway Express.
I-Topway Shipping yenza okungaphezulu nje kokubhukisha indawo kaloliwe. Iinkonzo zayo zigubungela lonke uthotho lwezinto ezithuthwayo, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuthuthwa ukusuka kumzi-mveliso okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kwisikhululo sikaloliwe e-Yiwu okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhamba, ukuya ekugqityweni ngokupheleleyo kwerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokulungiswa kwamaphepha, ukuya ekubhukishweni koololiwe kunye nolawulo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla eSpain, ukungenisa inkxaso yerhafu kwisikhululo saseMadrid, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuya ekuhanjisweni okukhawulezileyo ngaphakathi eSpain okanye kwiindawo zokusasazwa zaseYurophu.
I-Topway ineendlela ze-FCL kunye ne-LCL kwindlela esuka eTshayina ukuya eSpain, ngoko ke amashishini abo bonke ubungakanani kunye nomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla angasebenzisa iinkonzo zayo. Amandla e-Topway e-multimodal, aquka ukuthutha imithwalo yolwandle ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, ukuthutha imithwalo engxamisekileyo emoyeni, kunye nololiwe kwindawo ephakathi elinganayo, kuthetha ukuba abathumeli banokusebenza neqabane elinye elinamava ukujongana nazo zonke iimfuno zabo zothutho endaweni yokujongana nababoneleli abaninzi.
Indlela yaseYiwu-Madrid ineempepha ezininzi ekufuneka zijongwane nazo, njengeefayile ze-ICS2 ENS, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhowudi ye-HS, ukulungelelaniswa kwenombolo ye-EORI, kunye namasiko okuthutha kumazwe amahlanu nangaphezulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, akuyonto ilula ukuba nomntu othumela impahla owazi yonke into ukusuka kwindawo eya kuyo ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwayo. Kuthatha iintsuku ezili-18 ukufika eMadrid, kodwa kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-28 ukudlula umda.
Umxholo ka-2025: Ukukhula, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye noko kuza emva koko
Indlela yaseYiwu-Madrid igqibe iminyaka eli-10 ngoNovemba ka-2024. Ukususela ngo-2014, phantse oololiwe bempahla abayi-6,700 baye bahamba kule ndlela, bezisa iikhonteyina zemveliso ezingama-670,000. Inani loololiwe ababehamba ngonyaka lisuke kwi-23 ngo-2014 laya ngaphezulu kwe-1,100 ngo-2024. Ixabiso lomthwalo owawuthuthwa minyaka le lisuke kwi-$92 yezigidi ukuya kwi-$2.62 yezigidigidi, kwaye inani leentlobo zeemveliso ezazithuthwa lisuke kwi-10,000 laya phantse kwi-50,000.
Iqela leeNqwelo zoLoliwe zaseTshayina lisithi inani loololiwe bempahla phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu lande nge-9% ukusuka ngo-2024 ukuya ku-2025. Ngoku, izixeko ezili-17 zaseTshayina zinonxibelelwano oluthe ngqo noololiwe kwiidolophu zaseYurophu. Kukho iindlela ezingama-93 kwinethiwekhi ezidibanisa izixeko ezili-125 zaseTshayina nezixeko ezingama-227 zaseYurophu kumazwe angama-25 ahlukeneyo. Le asiyondlela yovavanyo; sisakhiwo esikhulileyo nesikhulayo.
Unyaka ka-2025 ubaluleke kakhulu kubudlelwane bezopolitiko phakathi kweTshayina neSpain kuba uza kuba ngunyaka wama-50 wobudlelwane babo bezopolitiko kunye nonyaka wama-20 wobudlelwane babo obupheleleyo beqhinga. Ezi ziganeko zikhokelela ekugxileni ngakumbi ekuququzeleleni urhwebo kunye nentsebenziswano yeziseko zophuhliso, nto leyo eye yanceda abasebenzisi bemithwalo yezorhwebo ngokwembali ngokwenza izitishi zibe nkulu kwaye iinkqubo zerhafu zibe lula.
I-Belt and Road Initiative isakhula, nto leyo esakhokelela kutyalo-mali olongezelelekileyo kwiziseko zophuhliso zoololiwe ecaleni kwendlela yase-Eurasia. Abaqhubi bafaka imali kwiindawo ezintsha zothutho, iinkqubo zokulandelela zedijithali, kwaye benza iinkqubo zerhafu zifane kuye wonke umntu. Amashishini alungiselela isicwangciso sawo sothutho lokubonelela ngo-2026 nangaphaya kufuneka azi ukuba indlela yase-Yiwu-Madrid iya kuba ngokukhawuleza, ithembeke ngakumbi, kwaye ikhuphisane ngakumbi.
Isigqibo: Ngaba uhambo lweentsuku ezili-18 ngololiwe lufanelekile?
Ewe, umzila kaloliwe iYiwu-Madrid lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kubathuthi abafuna ukuhambisa izinto ezixabisa ixesha eliphakathi ezithatha ixesha elide kakhulu kwiimpahla zaselwandle zeentsuku ezingama-35 kodwa ezingangxamisekanga ngokwaneleyo ukuhlawulela amaxabiso empahla yomoya. Uhambo lweentsuku ezili-18-21 lukhawuleza kunolwamanzi, luthembekile ngakumbi, kwaye luxhaswa ngakumbi ziziseko zophuhliso ezisele zizinzile kunye namaqabane anamava kwezothutho.
Kukho urhwebo lokwenyani: uloliwe ubiza ngaphezulu kwisikhongozeli ngasinye kunempahla yolwandle, kwaye imfuneko yokutshintsha iigeyiji, ukuwela imida, kunye nokuzalisa amaphepha yenza izinto zibe nzima ngakumbi kwaye ifuna ulawulo oluyingcali. Kodwa kubathengisi bezinto ze-elektroniki, abathengisi bezinto zeemoto, abenzi beempahla, kunye neenkampani zempahla zabathengi ezithengisa kwimarike yaseSpain okanye enkulu yaseYurophu, ezo rhwebo ziyanyamezeleka, ingakumbi ukuba umntu onamava othumela inkonzo epheleleyo ujongana nayo yonke inkqubo.
Umbuzo obalulekileyo awungowokuba ingaba imithwalo kaloliwe ukusuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid iyasebenza na. Ubungqina buyenza icace into yokuba iyasebenza, kwaye iyathembeka ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umbuzo wokwenyani kukuba ingaba iyasebenza na kwimithwalo yakho eyahlukileyo, ishedyuli yakho yeshishini, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho. Bala iindleko zakho zizonke zokungena kwindlu ngendlu, kuquka zombini imilenze yezothutho, kwaye uyithelekise nexesha lakho lokuqhuba imithwalo yaselwandle, eliquka ixesha lokuhlala echwebeni. Emva koko yenza izibalo zeendleko zokuthwala impahla. Impendulo inokuba nomdla ngakumbi kunokuba ixabiso lempahla eliphambili libonisa.
isiphelo
Indlela yokuthutha impahla kaloliwe i-Yiwu-Madrid itshintshile ukusuka kwiprojekthi yovavanyo lwezopolitiko ukuya ekubeni lishishini eliphuhlileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kuthatha iintsuku ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-21 ukufika apho, amaxabiso ahlala phakathi kwe-$4,000 kunye ne-$6,500 FCL, kwaye inethiwekhi isebenza ngaphezulu kwe-1,100 yohambo ngonyaka. Lukhetho lokwenyani endaweni yesantya esicothayo sokuthutha impahla elwandle ngaphandle kweendleko zeenqwelo moya.
Kufuneka wenze okungaphezulu nje kokubhukisha isikhongozeli ukuze uphumelele kule ndlela. Ifuna amaphepha acwangcisiweyo, udidi oluchanekileyo lwekhowudi ye-HS, imithetho engqongqo yokubhukisha kwangethuba, kunye neqabane lezothutho elaziyo ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukuhambisa imithwalo kumazwe asibhozo kunye neegeyiji ezintathu zesitimela. I-Topway Shipping liqabane elihle kwiinkampani ezifuna ukuphucula uthungelwano lwazo lokubonelela ngempahla e-China-Spain. Bebekwicandelo lezothutho eliwela imida kangangeminyaka eli-15 kwaye banikezela ngemodeli yenkonzo ephuma eShenzhen.
Uhambo ngololiwe oluvela eYiwu ukuya eMadrid luthatha iintsuku ezili-18, kodwa aluyongcinga ilungileyo nje kuphela. Kwimpahla efanelekileyo, amashishini afanelekileyo, kunye namaqabane afanelekileyo, luya lukhetho olukrelekrele lweshishini.
FAQs
Q: Ithatha ixesha elingakanani imithwalo kaloliwe ukusuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid?
A: Phantsi kweendlela ezilungileyo zonyaka ka-2025, kuthatha iintsuku ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-21 ukusuka kwesinye isiphelo sendlela ukuya kwesinye. Ixesha lokuya emnyango nomnyango, eliquka ukuqokelela iphakheji kwimayile yokuqala uze uyihambise kwimayile yokugqibela eSpain, lidla ngokongeza iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4, kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho isityalo sikhoyo kunye nendawo apho iphakheji iya khona.
Q: Ixabiso lithelekiswa njani nelokuhamba ngenqanawa kwindlela enye?
A: Okwangoku, i-FCL engama-20-foot by railway ixabisa phakathi kwe-$4,000 ukuya kwi-$6,500, ngelixa ikhonteyina yokuthutha impahla elwandle elinganayo ixabisa malunga ne-$1,500 ukuya kwi-$2,800. Ixabiso elongezelelweyo liyinyani, kodwa ukonga ixesha leentsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-20 kunokulungisa iindleko zokugcina impahla kwaye kwenze uthotho lwezinto ezithengiswayo luphenduleke ngakumbi.
Q: Ngaba amashishini amancinci angayisebenzisa le nkonzo kaloliwe ngaphandle kokugcwalisa isitya esipheleleyo?
A: Ewe. Le ndlela ineenkonzo ze-LCL (Umthwalo ongaphantsi kweContainer). Abathuthi bemithwalo badibanisa imithwalo evela kubathuthi abahlukeneyo ukuze iinkampani ezincinci zisebenzise imithwalo kaloliwe ngexabiso eliphantsi ngaphandle kokuthwala isitya sonke.
Q: Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kuthuthwe uloliwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eSpain?
A: Amaxwebhu abaluleke kakhulu yi-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading kaloliwe (CIM), kunye nesatifikethi semvelaphi. Ikhowudi epheleleyo ye-HS enamanani ama-6 kufuneka iqukwe kwiSibhengezo sesishwankathelo soNgeniso lwe-ICS2 esifakwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba kulayishwe ukuze kungene kwi-EU. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba impahla ingeniswa eSpain, umngenisi we-EU udinga inombolo ye-EORI esebenzayo.
Q: Ingaba le ndlela ichatshazelwe yingxabano phakathi kweRussia neUkraine?
A: Inkonzo ephambili yeYiwu-Madrid idlula kwiCentral Corridor yaseKazakhstan, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingadluli kakhulu kummandla waseRashiya. Abathumeli kufuneka bajonge kumthumeli wabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba banendlela efanelekileyo, kuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo banokuba neenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zothutho kunye neeprofayili zomngcipheko.
Q: Ndingaqala njani ngeTopway Shipping kule ndlela?
A: Nxibelelana neTopway Shipping ngqo kwikomkhulu labo laseShenzhen ukuze uthethe ngeenkcukacha zomthwalo wakho, ukuba ungakanani, kwaye xa ufuna ukuhanjiswa. Baza kukunika ixabiso elipheleleyo lenkonzo yokungena kwindlu ngendlu kwaye bakuncede ukhethe eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthumela iimpahla zakho ngokweemfuno zakho.
