I-China ukuya e-USA i-Ocean Freight Customs Clearance: Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kufuneka ziphetshwe
intshayelelo
Enye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokuqalisa ishishini lokungenisa elizweni elinokukhula kukuthumela izinto ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-US ngolwandle. Kodwa njengoko uninzi lwabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle befumanisa ngokukhawuleza, imithwalo yaselwandle ngokwayo ayisiyiyo eyona nxalenye imbi. Yinkqubo yokudlula kwizithethe.
Isitya sinokuwela iPacific kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine, kodwa ukuba kukho impazamo kumaxwebhu, inokuthi ibambelele kwichweba iiveki, ibangele ukugcinwa okungalindelekanga kunye neentlawulo ze-demurrage, kwaye kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, iimpahla zingabanjwa okanye zikhutshwe. Ezi zimangaliso zinokuphazamisa kwaye zibiza kakhulu kubantu abatsha ukungenisa okanye abaqhuba ivenkile ye-intanethi ekhula ngokukhawuleza.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lweengxaki zamasiko kulula ukuzibona zisiza. Imiba efanayo iqhubeka isenzeka: iikhowudi ze-HS ezingachanekanga, amaphepha angekhoyo, ii-invoyisi eziphantsi kakhulu, iifom ze-ISF ezifike emva kwexesha, kunye nonxibelelwano olunganelanga phakathi kwababoneleli, abathumeli bempahla, abarhwebi bempahla, kunye nabathengi.
Eli nqaku lixoxa ngendlela olusebenza ngayo ukukhutshwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US, libonisa ezona mpazamo ziqhelekileyo ezenziwa ngabarhwebi abavela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye libonisa indlela yokuthintela. Uya kubona kwakhona imizekelo yokwenyani, iitheyibhile ezishwankathela iinyani ezibalulekileyo, kunye neqabane lothutho, i-Toway Shipping, enokukunceda ukuphatha zombini imithwalo kunye nokukhutshwa kwempahla ngokuzithemba ngakumbi.
Ukuba uthumela i-cubic metres ezimbalwa zempahla nge-LCL okanye ulayishe izikhongozeli ezininzi ze-FCL nyanga zonke, ukufunda malunga nokukhutshwa kwempahla yesiqhelo yenye yezona zinto zingcono onokuthi uzenze kwikhonkco lakho lokubonelela.
Isebenza Njani iTshayina ukuya eU.SA
Akukho nalinye ixesha apho ukukhutshwa kwempahla yesiqhelo kwenzeka ngokuthunyelwa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-US ngolwandle. Yinkqubo eyenzeka kwilizwe lemveli nakwilizwe ekusingwa kulo. Unokuyicinga njengenamacandelo amabini aphambili: amasiko okuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina kunye nokungenisa amasiko e-US.
Ngaphambi kokuba imithwalo ihambe eTshayina, kufuneka ibhengezwe kumasiko aseTshayina kwindawo yemvelaphi. Xa ukuthunyelwa kufika, kufuneka kubhengezwe e-US Ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kumthengisi, kufuneka ihlolwe yi-Customs and Border Protection (CBP) kwaye mhlawumbi nezinye ii-arhente zikaRhulumente, ezifana ne-FDA okanye i-FCC.
Nantsi isishwankathelo esenziwe lula sokuqukuqela kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo.
| Isigaba | Intshukumo engundoqo | Iqela elingundoqo liyabandakanyeka |
|---|---|---|
| Ukubhukisha kunye namaxwebhu | Qinisekisa ukuthunyelwa, ukuqokelela amaxwebhu | Umthengisi, umthumeli wempahla |
| Thumela amasiko eTshayina | Ngenisa isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle kunye namasiko acacileyo | Umthengisi, umthumeli, amasiko aseTshayina |
| Uthutho lwaselwandle | Ikhonteyina ilayishiwe yaza yathunyelwa e-USA | Umthwali, umthumeli |
| Ukufakwa kwe-ISF | UkuFayila uKhuseleko lwabaThunyeli bangaphandle (10+2) ngaphambi kokufika | Umrhwebi, umthengisi wamasiko, umthengisi |
| Ukufika kwizibuko lase-US | Inqanawa iyafika, i-manifest ingenisiwe | Umthwali, i-CBP |
| Ukungenisa elizweni ukucocwa kwamanye amazwe | Ukungena kufakwe, imisebenzi ihlolwe, ukuhlolwa ukuba kukho | Umthengisi, i-CBP, nezinye ii-arhente |
| Izibuko kunye nokukhululwa kwe-terminal | Bamba ukhululiwe, ikhonteyina ikhona | Itheminali, umthwali, umthengisi |
| Ukuhanjiswa kwidilesi yokugqibela | Umgqomo uhanjiswe kwindawo yokugcina okanye umthumeli | Umthengisi welori, ongenisa ngaphandle, umthumeli |
Kubalulekile ukukuqonda oku kuhamba kuba impazamo nangaliphi na ixesha inokucothisa izigaba eziza emva kwayo. Umzekelo, i-invoyisi yorhwebo engalungiselelwanga kakuhle ayizukulibazisa ukukhutshwa kwamasiko kuphela, kodwa inokubangela iingxaki ekubaleni imisebenzi kunye nokulandela imigaqo.
Amaxwebhu aBalulekileyo oCwangciso lweSiko oluGudiswayo
Izithethe zisebenzisa amaxwebhu njengolwimi lwayo. Amasiko ayakubona ukuthunyelwa kwakho njengomngcipheko omkhulu ukuba ulwazi olukumaphepha akho alulunganga, alukho, okanye aluhambisani. Oko kuthetha ukuba imibuzo emininzi, iitshekhi ezininzi, kunye nexesha elininzi elilahlekileyo.
La maphepha abaluleke kakhulu okuthunyelwa kwempahla ngolwandle ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US kwaye kutheni zibalulekile.
| Uxwebhu | Ngubani odla ngokuyilungiselela | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile Usuliso Lwezithethe |
|---|---|---|
| I-invoyisi yentengiso | Umthengisi / umthumeli ngaphandle | Ibonisa inkcazo yemveliso, ixabiso, ubungakanani, ii-Incoterms, umthengi kunye neenkcukacha zomthengisi |
| Uluhlu lokupakisha | Umthengisi / umthumeli ngaphandle | Iinkcukacha zokupakishwa, ubunzima, imilinganiselo, inani leebhokisi okanye iipalethi |
| Umthetho osayilwayo woMthwalo (B / L) | Umthwali / umthumeli wempahla | Ikhontrakthi esemthethweni yokuthwala, efunekayo ekukhululweni kwempahla kunye nokungena kwi-customs |
| Uluhlu lweekhowudi zeHS | Umrhwebi kunye nomthengisi / umthengisi | Imisela isantya somrhumo, iimfuno zolawulo, kunye nokwamkelwa |
| UkuFayilwa koKhuseleko lwabaNgeniswa ngaphandle | Umrhwebi / umrhwebi / umgqithiseli | Ifunwa yi-CBP kuvavanyo lokhuseleko phambi kokunduluka kwenqanawa ukuya e-USA |
| Izatifikethi (ukuba ziyafuneka) | Umnikezeli / ilebhu yomntu wesithathu | Ngeemveliso ezilawulwayo (i-FDA, i-FCC, iilebhile zelaphu, njl.) |
| Isaziso sokufika | Umthwali / umdluliseli | Iqinisekisa ukufika kwempahla kunye neentlawulo ezinxulumeneyo |
Ukukhutshwa kwempahla engaphandle kwempahla kusenokuba lula xa la maphepha elungelelene kwaye echanekile. Xa zingekho, kwaloo mthwalo mnye unokujika ube sisifundo esixabisa imali eninzi.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo 1: Uxwebhu olungachanekanga okanye olungagqibekanga
Amaphepha amabi yenye yezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwempahla yolwandle ukusuka eChina ukuya e-US. Ngamanye amaxesha, abathumeli kumazwe angaphandle bayakhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa kwabo kwaye abawahloli amaphepha asuka kumthombo. Oku kuyingozi.
Ulwazi lomthengi olulahlekileyo, iinkcazelo zemveliso ezingacacanga, iimali ezingaqhelekanga, okanye ii-invoyisi ezingazichazi ngokucacileyo ii-Incoterms zonke ziingxaki eziqhelekileyo kumaxwebhu. Abasebenzi abaphuma ngaphandle bafundiswa ukuba bafune iimpawu ezilumkisayo. Ngenxa yezizathu zezithethe, “izinto zasekhaya” okanye “izixhobo ze-elektroniki” azicacanga kakhulu. Amagosa afuna ukwazi kanye ukuba ziyintoni na ezo zinto, zingaphi, zibiza malini, kwaye zipakishwe njani.
Xa uxwebhu lungaphelelanga okanye lungacacanga, kuye kuvele imibuzo emininzi, kwaye ingxoxo nganye eyongezelelweyo ichitha ixesha. Ukuba iimpahla zakho ziyi-LCL kwi-container ekwabelwana ngayo, nakuphi na ukubamba kwicala lakho kunokucothisa isikhongozeli sonke, nto leyo enokuthetha iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo kuwe kwi-terminal kunye nendawo yokugcina.
Ukulinganisa inkqubo yakho yoxwebhu yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuphepha le mpazamo. Nika umthengisi wakho imizekelo ecacileyo okanye iitemplates zokuba i-invoyisi efanelekileyo okanye uluhlu lokupakisha kufuneka lubukeke njani. Khangela ukuba igama lakho leshishini, idilesi, i-ID yerhafu okanye i-EIN, kunye nezinye zoqhagamshelwano ulwazi lulungile kwaye luyafana kuwo onke amaphepha akho. Ngaphambi kokuba isikhongozeli sihambe eTshayina, qiniseka ukuba iinkcazo kunye namaxabiso achanekile. Phambi kokulayisha, kulula kakhulu ukulungisa amaphepha kunasemva kokuba ufikile e-US.
I-Mistake eqhelekileyo 2: Iikhowudi ze-HS ezingalunganga kunye nokuhlelwa kakubi
Ukwahlulahlulwa kweCustoms kusekwe kwiikhowudi zeHS (Harmonized System). ICustoms isebenzisa la manani ukufumanisa ukuba ziyintoni na iimpahla zakho, ubungakanani bomsebenzi ekufuneka ziwuhlawule, kwaye yeyiphi imigaqo esebenzayo. Ukuba ikhowudi yakho yeHS ayilunganga, yonke into exhomekeke kuyo inokuba ayilunganga.
Abanye abarhwebi abahoyi kakhulu kwiikhowudi ze-HS kwaye baphinda-phinda oko kuthethwa ngumthombo. Oku kuyingozi kuba umntu ongenisa impahla ngaphandle idla ngokuba ngoyena unoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zihlelwa ngokuchanekileyo, ingenguye umnikezeli. Kwiimeko ezimanyumnyezi, ukuhlelwa ngendlela engeyiyo kunokukhokelela ekubeni ungahlawulwa okanye uhlawule kakhulu imisebenzi, izohlwayo, kunye neentlawulo zobuqhophololo.
Jonga imizekelo embalwa elula ukufumanisa ukuba ulwahlulo luyitshintsha njani iprofayile yakho yomngcipheko.
| Umzekelo weMveliso | Uhlobo olunokwenzeka lweKhowudi yeHS | Umngcipheko ongundoqo ukuba awucalulwanga kakuhle |
|---|---|---|
| Iziqwengana zokukhanya kwe-LED | Ukukhanyisa kombane | Umlinganiselo womsebenzi ongalunganga, ukhuseleko olunokwenzeka okanye imiba yokonga amandla |
| Izithethi zeBluetooth | Izixhobo zomsindo / ezingenazingcingo | Iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zeFCC azifikelelwanga ukuba zihlelwe ngendlela engeyiyo |
| Izongezo zesondlo | Ukutya / iimveliso zempilo | Imimiselo ye-FDA idlulile, umngcipheko wokwaliwa okanye ukutshatyalaliswa |
| Iiteki zeTelaphu | Isinxibo kunye nempahla | Imvelaphi engachanekanga okanye iinkcukacha zelaphu ezikhokelela kuphicotho-zincwadi okanye izohlwayo |
Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka babone ukuhlelwa kweHS njengomsebenzi onobuchule. Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenza nomthengisi okanye umboneleli wolungiselelo owazi zombini imveliso yakho kunye nemithetho yase-US kunokuba ucinge okanye usebenzise iikhowudi zegeneric. Unako kwakhona ukugcina i-database yekhowudi yangaphakathi ye-HS edibanisa i-SKU nganye kwikhowudi eqinisekisiweyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba onke amaphepha avela kubaboneleli basebenzisa ezi khowudi ngokuqhubekayo.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo yesi-3: Ukuchazwa kwexabiso eliphantsi kunye nee-Incoterms ezingezizo
Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo ngelixa ucoca amasiko othutho elwandle ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US kukutshintsha ixabiso elibango lezinto ukuya kwimisebenzi ephantsi okanye ukusebenzisa ii-Incoterms ngokungalunganga kumaphepha.
Kwixesha elisondeleyo, kunokubonakala ngathi yindlela elula yokugcina imali kwixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa amagosa amasiko ayazi kakuhle oku. Bajonga ii-invoyisi zakho kwaye bazithelekise namaxabiso kwimarike, amangenelo adlulileyo, kunye nolwazi oluvela kwabanye abarhwebi. Ukuba amaxabiso eeyunithi zakho akhangeleka ephantsi kakhulu, i-CBP inokukubuza oko ukuthembisileyo, ifune ubungqina obungaphezulu, okanye ilitshintshe ixabiso lempahla oyithumeleyo. Oku akucimi nje kuphela naluphi na "ugcino," kodwa kunokukhokelela kwisohlwayo esikhulu kunye nokuhlolwa okungakumbi malunga nokuthunyelwa kwexesha elizayo.
Ngelixa ii-Incoterms ziphosakele okanye zingaqondwa, kunokuba nzima ukuxelela ukuba ngubani onoxanduva lomthwalo, i-inshurensi kunye neendleko zasekuhlaleni. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ngelixa kucocwa amasiko. Ukuba ukuthunyelwa kuthengiswa ngokwemigaqo ye-CIF kodwa i-invoyisi okanye amanye amaphepha ayenzi ukuba kubonakale ukuba imveliso ixabisa kangakanani xa kuthelekiswa nomthwalo kunye ne-inshurensi, kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ixabiso lokwenyani lamasiko. Ukuba kukho into engacacanga, imema ingqalelo engakumbi.
Ukuthintela le miba, chaza amaxabiso entengiselwano ayinyaniso kwaye abonise oko ngokwenene uhlawule okanye uya kuhlawula. Qinisekisa ukuba umrhwebi wakho uyayazi indlela amaxabiso ahlulwa ngayo kwaye usebenzisa kwaye ubhale ii-Incoterms ezifana neFOB, CIF, okanye DAP ngokufanelekileyo. Indlela ecacileyo nengaguquguqukiyo yokuxabisa izinto iyakukhusela ekutyholweni ngobuqhetseba kwaye igcina ulwalamano lwakho nezithethe lomelele.
I-Mistake eqhelekileyo 4: Ukufakela i-ISF elahlekileyo okanye kade (10+2)
UkuFayilwa koKhuseleko lokuNgenisa ngaphandle (ISF), ngamanye amaxesha kwaziwa ngokuba yi "10+2," yimfuneko yokhuseleko ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kolwandle e-US. Phambi kokuba umthwalo ulayishwe enqanaweni ukuya eMelika, umthetho uthi iinkcukacha ezithile malunga nokuthunyelwa kufuneka zithunyelwe kwi-CBP.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo eyenziwa ngabarhwebi abatsha kucinga ukuba i-ISF iyakukhathalelwa ngomnye umntu. Basenokukholelwa ukuba indawo yokugcina impahla, umthuthi, okanye umthengisi uya kuyiphatha. Enyanisweni, umthengisi ongaphandle nguye onoxanduva ekugqibeleni lokuqinisekisa ukuba i-ISF ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha.
Ukuba ufaka i-ISF yakho emva kwexesha okanye hayi kwaphela, unokujongana nezohlwayo ezinzima, ukubanjwa kwempahla, kunye nokuhlolwa okongeziweyo. Nokuba akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhlawule isohlwayo kwimeko ethile, ukuba uhlala uneengxaki ze-ISF, umthwalo wakho uya kujongwa rhoqo, nto leyo eya kuphakamisa iindleko zakho zizonke kunye nexesha lokuhamba.
Eyona ndlela yokuthintela le mpazamo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umthengisi wakho wamasiko okanye umthumeli wempahla uphethe i-ISF kwaye ubanike ulwazi abaludingayo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubandakanya ulwazi malunga nomthengisi, umthengi, umenzi, idilesi yokuthumela, iikhowudi ze-HTS, kunye nalapho isikhongozeli siya kufakwa khona. Kuya kufuneka ucinge nge-ISF ngaphambi kokuba wenze ugcino lwakho, hayi emva kokuba inqanawa sele ihambile.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo yesi-5: Ukungahoyi iiLayisenisi zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthotyelwa kweMveliso kunye neMimiselo
Ayizizo zonke izinto eziphathwa ngendlela efanayo xa ziwela umda. Ngokwembono yesithethe, izinto ezithile "zilula" kwaye zifuna nje ikhowudi ye-HS efanelekileyo kunye nentlawulo yesiqhelo yentlawulo. Abanye balawulwa ngamaziko amaninzi okanye banemithetho yabo. Kulula ukungena engxakini ukuba awuyilandeli le migaqo.
Ezinye iikhemikhali, izithambiso, izixhobo zonyango, izongezo zesondlo, ukutya neziselo, kunye nezinye iimveliso zinokudinga ukuba zixelwe okanye zivunywe yi-FDA. I-FCC inokufuna imvume yombane kunye nezixhobo ezingenazingcingo. Kukho imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko kwizinto zabantwana, kwaye kaninzi kufuneka babe neelebhile ezikhethekileyo kunye namaphepha okuvavanya.
Abantu abaninzi benza impazamo yokucinga ukuba ukuthobela kulula okanye kuyakhethwa kuba abantu abakhuphisana nabo bathengisa iimveliso ezifanayo. Ngokwenyani, izinto ezithunyelwayo ezingalandeli migaqo zinokujikwa, zitshatyalaliswe, okanye zibuyiselwe ngexabiso lakho. Naxa iimveliso zihamba, ukulibaziseka kunye neentlawulo zokugcina kunokuba yingxaki.
Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle abahlakaniphileyo bayayiqinisekisa imithetho phambi kokuba baqinisekise iiodolo kubathengisi. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba uyazi ukuba zeziphi ii-arhente ezilawula imveliso, imigangatho yazo iyasebenza, zeziphi iingxelo zovavanyo okanye izatifikethi ezifunekayo, kwaye kufuneka ziboniswe njani kumasiko. Kuya kufuneka usebenze nomthengisi wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba banokukunika amaphepha owafunayo ngesiNgesi kwaye iindlela zabo zokuvelisa zilandela imithetho yase-US.
I-Mistake eqhelekileyo 6: Unxibelelwano olubi phakathi koMboneleli, uMthumeli kunye ne-Customs Broker
Xa kuthunyelwa iimpahla ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US ngolwandle, kukho inani labantu ababandakanyekayo: umthengisi, umthuthi wempahla, umthuthi wolwandle, umthengisi wempahla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha indawo yokugcina impahla eyahlukileyo. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, ungumthumeli ngaphandle. Xa aba bantu bengathethisani kakuhle, iimpazamo zenzeka rhoqo.
Umzekelo omnye olula lulwazi olungahambelaniyo. Ukuba umthengisi wakho ukunika inkcazo enye ye-invoyisi, umthumeli wakho wempahla ukuthumelela enye eyahlukileyo kwi-bill of lading, kwaye nomthengisi wakho wempahla engenayo ingenisa eyesithathu kwingeniso yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle, i-CBP iya kufumanisa ukuba ayihambelani. Oku kuchasana kunokukhokelela ekuphononongeni kwakhona kwamaxwebhu okanye uviwo.
Omnye umzekelo lulwazi olufika emva kwexesha. Umthumeli wakho kunye nomthengisi basenokungabi nalo ixesha elaneleyo lokugqiba ukufayila kwe-ISF okanye ukucocwa kwangaphambili ukuba umthengisi wakho uthumele kuphela uluhlu lokupakisha emva kokuba isikhongozeli silayishiwe. Basenokusebenzisa uqikelelo okanye iinyani ezingonelanga ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza iimpazamo zibe lula.
Abarhwebi abaphumelelayo benza unxibelelwano lube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeshishini labo ukunqanda oku. Babeka imihla ebekiweyo ecacileyo xa amaxwebhu kufuneka athunyelwe, qiniseka ukuba wonke umntu usebenzisa inkcazo efanayo yemveliso kunye neekhowudi zeHS, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba lonke unxibelelwano lukwindawo enye ukuze uhlaziyo lungalahleki kwii-imeyile ezininzi ezahlukeneyo okanye iingxoxo. Ukuba neqabane elinye lezothutho liphatha zombini imithwalo kunye nokukhutshwa kwempahla kusenokulithoba kakhulu ithuba lokunganxibelelani kakuhle.
I-Mistake eqhelekileyo 7: Ukukhetha iMigaqo yokuThumela engalunganga okanye iModi yeNkonzo
Indlela obhala ngayo imigaqo yakho yokuthumela kunye nendlela okhetha ngayo imo yenkonzo yakho (i-FCL vs. LCL, i-port-to-port vs. umnyango nomnyango) ingaba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela amasiko akhawuleza ngayo ukucima iphakheji yakho.
Abanye abarhwebi bayavuma ukuthunyelwa ngokuphathwa ngumthengisi nge-CIF okanye iimeko ezifanayo ngaphandle kokwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oko. Oku kunokubonakala njengombono olungileyo, kodwa kuthetha ukuba umrhwebi akanakuthetha kancinci malunga nomdluliseli okanye umthengisi okhethiweyo kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Oku kunokwenza ukukhutshwa kwetyala kunye nokuhlawula ityala kube nzima ngakumbi. Kuqhelekile ukudibana nezinto ezothusayo njengemirhumo ebiza kakhulu yendawo yokuya kunye nemisebenzi engacacanga.
Ngendlela efanayo, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-full-container-load (i-FCL) kunye ne-ngaphantsi kwe-container-load (LCL) ichaphazela ukuba ungakanani ukujongana neengxaki kunye nabanye abathumeli. Xa uthumela ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL, iimpahla zakho zabelana ngesitya kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuba kukho iinkxalabo zesithethe ngayo nayiphi na ipakethe ekwisikhongozeli esinye, isikhongozeli sisonke singabanjwa, nto leyo enokulibazisa izinto zakho. I-FCL inokukunika ulawulo oluthe kratya kunye nokuxhomekeka okumbalwa kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngokukhawuleza okanye apho umngcipheko wesithethe uphezulu.
Iinkonzo zePort-to-port kunye nendlu ngendlu nazo zibalulekile ukucinga ngazo. Nge-port-to-port, kuya kufuneka uwele amasiko kwaye uqhube iimpahla ukusuka kwizibuko lase-US ukuya kwindawo yazo yokugqibela ngokwakho. Ngomnyango wendlu ngendlu, inkampani yezothutho ikhathalela ukukhutshwa kwezithethe kunye nokuhanjiswa kokugqibela kwakho. Izisombululo zendlu ngendlu ziluncedo kubarhwebi abatsha kuba bavumela inkampani enye ukuba iphathe lonke ikhonkco, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izinto zingabhideki kumasiko.
Ukukhangela ngokucophelela imimiselo yokuthumela kunye nokwazi ukuba ngubani ophethe i-custos clearance kwaye ngubani ohlawula oko kuyinyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphepheni iimpazamo ezibizayo.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo yesi-8: UkungaCwangciseli iMisebenzi, iiRhafu, kunye neeNtlawulo ezongezelelweyo
Uninzi lwabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle banikela ingqalelo kuphela kwireyithi yempahla yolwandle kwaye balibale malunga nezinye iindleko eziza nokucoca amasiko. Bamangaliswa kukubona uluhlu olukhulu lweefizi ezongezelelweyo xa ibhokisi ifika.
Ukongeza kwisiseko somrhumo osekelwe kwikhowudi yakho ye-HS kunye nexabiso lemveliso, kusenokubakho iindleko zokulungisa izithethe, iimali zokugcinwa kwezibuko, iimali zokulungisa ukuthengisa, kunye nezinye iintlawulo ezivela kubathwali kunye nezikhululo. Ukuba umthwalo wakho ubanjelwe ukuhlolwa okanye ukulibaziseka ukukhutshwa, ukugcinwa, ukuchithwa, kunye neentlawulo zokuvalelwa zinokongeza ngokukhawuleza.
Kuyanceda ukuba ucinge ngeendleko zokufika kwakho ngokwemiqathango yokuhla kweendleko ezinje ukuze kucace.
| ixabiso Component | Umthombo oqhelekileyo | Xa Isebenza |
|---|---|---|
| Ixabiso lemveliso (FOB/CIF/etc.) | Umthengisi | rhoqo |
| Impahla yolwandle | Umthwali / umdluliseli | Ngalo lonke ixesha ukuthunyelwa elwandle |
| I-inshurensi (ukuba yahlukile) | Umrhwebi okanye umgqithiseli | Kuxhomekeke kwi-Incoterms kunye nokukhetha kokhuseleko |
| Imirhumo kunye neerhafu | I-CBP kunye nezinye ii-arhente | Ngokusekelwe kwikhowudi yeHS, ixabiso, kunye nemimiselo |
| Umrhumo we-Customs broker | umrhwebi | Ukungeniswa kwefayile kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemvume |
| Ukuphathwa kwePort kunye netheminali | Itheminali / umthwali | Ukothula kunye nokuphatha kwizibuko lase-US |
| Iintlawulo zeemviwo kunye nokuhlolwa | I-CBP / ii-arhente zikarhulumente | Xa ukhethiwe kuviwo |
| Ukugcinwa, ukuchithwa, ukuvalelwa | Itheminali / umthwali / indawo yokugcina impahla | Xa umthwalo uhlala ixesha elide kwizibuko okanye kwisikhongozeli ulibazisekile |
| Iilori ezingaphakathi elizweni ukuya kwidilesi yokugqibela | Inkampani yelori / umthumeli | Ukufuduswa ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye umthumeli |
Unokuphepha ukuphatha ukukhutshwa kwamasiko njengebhokisi elimnyama elingaziwayo ngokuqikelela ezi ndleko ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye uzibandakanye kwimodeli yakho yamaxabiso. Xa usazi iindleko ezipheleleyo zokufumana into kwilizwe lakho, unokwenza ukhetho olungcono malunga nokuba uthenge ntoni kwaye uhlawule malini.
IiNdlela eziSebenzayo zokunciphisa uMngcipheko weSiko
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube yingcaphephe yomthetho ngobusuku nje ukuze uphephe ukwenza iimpazamo malunga nokususwa kwezithethe. Imalunga nokwenza imikhwa eluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezikunceda wenze iimpazamo ezimbalwa.
Luluvo oluhle ukucinga ngothutho ngalunye njengeprojekthi encinci enamanyathelo achaziweyo: ukulungisa amaxwebhu, ukufaka i-ISF, ukufumana imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle, ukufika, kunye nokufumana imvume yokungena ngaphandle. Ngaphambi kwenyathelo ngalinye elibalulekileyo, ujonga ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha kunye namaphepha afanelekileyo alungile kwaye achanekile. Oku kuba yinkqubo enokuthi wena kunye namaqabane akho niyilandele ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ukulinganisa idatha yakho yemveliso yenye indlela esebenzayo ngokwenene yokwenza oku. Nika i-SKU nganye kwikhathalogu yakho iikhowudi ze-HS ezifanelekileyo, iinkcazelo zemveliso yesiNgesi, kunye nobungakanani beyunithi yomndilili. Nika le datha yenkosi kubathengisi bakho kunye namaqabane olungiselelo ukuze wonke umntu abe nolwazi olufanayo lokusebenzela.
Okokugqibela, ukusebenza neenkampani ezinezakhono zothutho kunye nabarhwebi bamasiko rhoqo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwehlisa umngcipheko wakho. Yonke imihla, bathumela imithwalo yaselwandle ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US. Bayayazi imigaqo kunye nendlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo, kwaye banokukwazisa kwangaphambili ukuba kukho into malunga nokuthunyelwa kwakho kubonakala kuyingxaki.
Indlela iTopway Shipping ikunceda ngayo ukuba uphephe iimpazamo zokuCoca iSiko
Kuninzi lwabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle, ngakumbi iifemu ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi kunye ne-e-commerce brand, eyona nto inzima kukungafumani isikhongozeli esinye kwindawo ekusingise kuyo. Yenza indlela yokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-US esebenza nyanga zonke ngaphandle komothuko kumasiko.
Apha kulapho iqabane lolungiselelo elifana neToway Shipping linokunceda ngokwenene.
I-Toway Shipping, esekelwe e-Shenzhen, e-China, ibe ngumboneleli ochwephesha wezisombululo ze-e-commerce ze-logistics ukusuka kwi-2010. Iqela elisungulayo lineminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yamava kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokukhutshwa kwamasiko, ngokugxininisa ngokukodwa kwi-China kunye ne-US yokuthutha. Xa kufikwa ekuphepheni iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwa ngexesha lokucocwa kwesithethe ekuthethwa ngalo kweli nqaku, elo nqanaba lamava libaluleke kakhulu.
I-Topway Shipping iphatha zonke iindawo zekhonkco lolungiselelo. Kwisiphelo esingaphambili, banyamekela umlenze wokuqala wohambo ukusuka kwindawo yomboneleli wakho okanye izibuko laseTshayina. Bakwabonelela ngeendlela zokugcina ezingaphandle, eziluncedo kakhulu kubathengisi be-e-commerce ekufuneka bakwazi ukugcina kunye nokuhambisa iimpahla e-US. Kwinqanaba lamasiko abalulekileyo, i-Topay isebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nabathengi abathembekileyo bamasiko ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaphepha, iikhowudi ze-HS, kunye nemithetho ilandelwa ngokuchanekileyo nangeshedyuli. Ngasemva, baqinisekisa ukuba iphakheji yakho ifika kwindawo yayo yokugqibela, nokuba yindawo yokugcina i-3PL, iziko lokuzalisekisa i-Amazon, okanye isakhiwo sakho.
I-Toway Shipping inikezela ngeenkonzo ezigcweleyo (i-FCL) kunye neenkonzo ezingaphantsi kwe-container-load (LCL) zothutho lolwandle ukusuka e-China ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya amasango abalulekileyo e-United States. Unokukhetha ukhetho olusebenza kakuhle kwivolumu yakho kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko ngenxa yolu bhetyebhetye. Umzekelo, unokuqala nge-LCL ukubona ukuba ingakanani imfuno ekhoyo kwaye emva koko uye kwi-FCL njengoko imiqulu inyuka ukuze ube nolawulo olukhulu malunga nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufika apho kunye nendlela amasiko aphatha ngayo.
I-Toway Shipping inceda abarhwebi ukuba banciphise ukungaqondani phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo, ukwandisa umgangatho wamaphepha abo, kunye nokunciphisa iifayile ezifike emva kwexesha okanye izikhewu zokuthotyelwa ngokubeka ukuthunyelwa kwempahla, ukugcina, kunye nolungelelwaniso lokucocwa kwezinto zonke kwisixokelelwano esinye. Unokusebenzisana neqabane elinye elizaziyo iimveliso zakho, iindlela zakho, kunye nesicwangciso sakho sokukhula kwexesha elide endaweni yokujongana nababoneleli abaninzi kwinqanaba ngalinye.
Ukuba ufuna ukukhulisa ishishini lakho lothutho lolwandle ukusuka eChina ukuya e-US ngelixa unciphisa imingcipheko yokukhutshwa kwamasiko, ukusebenza kunye nomboneleli onamava afana ne-Toway Shipping inokwenza inkqubo enzima ukuyiphatha kwaye iqikeleleke.
isiphelo
Abantu abadli ngokucinga ngendlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukucocwa kwezithethe xa kuthuthwa iimpahla zisuka eTshayina zisiya e-US ngolwandle. Xa uthethathethwano ngamaxabiso kunye neendleko zokuthumela, abarhwebi ngamanye amaxesha bayakhohlwa malunga ne-minutiae yamaphepha, iikhowudi ze-HS, ixabiso, iifayile zokhuseleko, kunye nokulandela imithetho. Apha kulapho ukulibaziseka okuninzi, izohlwayo, kunye nemirhumo engalindelekanga eyenzekayo.
Iingxaki zeCustoms zenzeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yeempazamo eziqhelekileyo ezidweliswe kweli nqaku, njengamaphepha angalunganga okanye alahlekileyo, iikhowudi ze-HS ezingacaciswanga kakuhle, ukungabalulekanga kunye nokudideka kwii-Incoterms, ukufakwa kwe-ISF kade, ukungazinaki iimfuno zokulawula, unxibelelwano olubi phakathi kwamaqabane, imimiselo yokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa engacacanga, kunye nokungacwangciswa kweendleko. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uyazibona ezi mpazamo zisiza uzinqande ukuba zingenzeki.
Ungaguqula ukucocwa kwezithethe ukusuka kumqobo ocinezelayo ube yinto eqhelekileyo, elawulekayo yonikezelo lwakho ngokubeka imali kwidatha yemveliso echanekileyo, ulungelelanisa amaphepha akho, uqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyazi ukuba zithini na izibophelelo, kwaye ubale iindleko zakho zizonke. Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwamahlakani anamava afana ne-Topay Shipping kunciphisa umngcipheko ngakumbi kwaye kukunika ukufikelela kwizisombululo zelizwe lokwenyani eziye zaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yokuhambisa iimpahla phakathi kweTshayina kunye nokuthunyelwa kwe-US.
Ukwakha isicwangciso esiyimpumelelo sokucocwa kwesithethe asikokuzikhethela kwimarike apho isantya, ukuthembeka, kunye nolawulo lweendleko kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngumba obalulekileyo wokuqala ifemu ephumelelayo, ehlala ixesha elide.
FAQs
Q: Yintoni ukukhutshwa kwempahla eTshayina ukuya kuthutho lolwandle lwase-USA?
A: Ukukhutshwa kweCustoms yinkqubo yokuxelela amagosa e-customs e-China nase-US malunga nempahla yakho, ukuhlawula nayiphi na irhafu kunye neentlawulo ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imithetho kunye namaphepha alandelwa. Kubandakanya ukufumana imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-China, ukufaka amaphepha okhuseleko afana ne-ISF, kunye nokufumana imvume yokungenisa e-US Ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuhanjiswe, kufuneka kuhambe ngamasiko kunye naziphi na ezinye ii-arhente ezifanelekileyo.
Q: Ingaba luthatha ixesha elingakanani ukukhutshwa kwempahla yendlu ngempahla esuka eTshayina ukuya e-USA?
IMPENDULO: Ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle kwaye amaphepha afanelekileyo alungelelanisiwe, ukukhutshwa kwezithethe kunokwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwisithuba seentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintathu zokufika kwenqanawa kunye nokungeniswa okufanelekileyo kufakwe. Ukucoca kunokuthatha ixesha elide, rhoqo ngeveki okanye ngaphezulu, ukuba kukho iingxaki ngamaphepha, uhlolo olungenamkhethe okanye olujoliswe kuyo, okanye ukulibaziseka ekunikeni ulwazi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo zokugcina kunye neendleko zokunciphisa.
Q: Ngubani onoxanduva lokukhutshwa kwempahla engena kweli lizwe: umthengisi, umthumeli wempahla, okanye umntu ongenisa impahla kumazwe angaphandle?
IMPENDULO: Kwiimeko ezininzi, umngenisi werekhodi unoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokucocwa kwempahla kunye nokuchaneka kolwazi olungenisiweyo. Umrhwebi othenga kumazwe angaphandle uhlala etyumba i-broker okanye umnikezeli wolungiselelo ukuba aphathe ukufayilishwa kobugcisa kunye nonxibelelwano nabasemagunyeni kwimpahla engena kweli, kodwa umngenisi-mpahla ngaphandle uhlala enoxanduva lokuhlela okuchanekileyo, ukuxatyiswa, kunye nokuthobela. Indima yomthengisi kukubonelela ngamaxwebhu achanekileyo kunye nolwazi lwemveliso.
Q: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ikhowudi yam ye-HS ayilunganga ekuthunyelweni ngenqanawa kwe-China ukuya e-USA?
A: Ukuba ikhowudi yakho ye-HS ayilunganga, amasiko angakuhlawulisa umrhumo ongafanelekanga okanye asebenzise imigaqo engalunganga kumthwalo wakho. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba uhlawula imali eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu kwimisebenzi, kufuneka unike ulwazi oluthe kratya, uphicothwe, okanye uhlawuliswe kwaye uhlawule imisebenzi. Ukuba amasiko abona umkhwa wokungahlelwa kakuhle, banokujonga ukuthunyelwa kwakho kwixesha elizayo rhoqo.
Q: Ndingawunciphisa njani umngcipheko wokuba isikhongozeli sam sigcinwe ngamasiko ase-US?
A: Unokunciphisa umngcipheko ngokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimpepha zakho zichanekile kwaye zihambelana, ukufaka i-ISF ngexesha, usebenzisa iikhowudi ze-HS ezifanelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo eyinyani efunwayo, kunye nokulandela nayiphi na eminye imigaqo esebenza kwizinto zakho. Kungakunceda kwakhona ukuba usebenze kunye nomthengisi wesiko okanye iqabane lolungiselelo onobugcisa obuninzi ngokuthunyelwa ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US. Baya kukwazi ukugcwalisa amangenelo ahlangabezana nemigangatho yezithethe kunye nokuphakamisa iiflegi ezibomvu ezimbalwa.
Q: Ngaba i-LCL okanye i-FCL ingcono ukuphepha iingxaki zesithethe xa uthunyelwa ukusuka e-China ukuya e-USA?
A: Akukho ukhetho oluzenzekelayo "olungcono" lwamasiko phakathi kweLCL kunye neFCL, nangona nganye ineempembelelo zayo. Ngenxa yokuba izinto zakho zigcwalisa i-container epheleleyo nge-FCL, akufuneki ube nexhala malunga neminye imiba yamaphepha yabathumeli. Xa ukhetha i-LCL, izinto zakho zabelana ngesitya kunye nomnye umthwalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba enye imithwalo ekwisikhongozeli enye ibanjelwe ukuhlolwa, umthwalo wakho unokulibaziseka. Uninzi lwabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle bakhetha i-FCL kwiimveliso ezixabisa ngakumbi okanye ezifuna ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza, ukuba nje umthamo uphezulu ngokwaneleyo.
Q: Inganceda njani i-Toway Shipping ngeChina yam ukuya e-USA ukukhutshwa kwamasiko?
A: I-Toway Shipping ibonelela ngeenkonzo ze-in-one-logistics ezibandakanya ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US, ukugcinwa kwamanye amazwe, ukulungelelanisa ukukhutshwa kwezithethe, kunye nokuhambisa imayile yokugqibela e-US. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15 yobuchwephesha obusebenza kunye ne-China kunye ne-US yokuthutha, i-Toway isebenza kunye nabathengi abathembekileyo be-customs ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaphepha akho, iikhowudi ze-HS, ukulinganisa, kunye neemfuno zokuthotyelwa zonke zinyamekelwa ngokuchanekileyo nangeshedyuli. Iinkonzo zabo ze-FCL kunye ne-LCL zothutho lolwandle, kunye noncedo olupheleleyo, zikunceda ukuba uphephe iingxaki zokucocwa rhoqo kwaye ugcine ikhonkco lakho lokubonelela lihamba kakuhle.
