Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ze-CNY eziya e-Australia zichaziwe: i-PSS, i-GRI, kunye neendleko ezifihlakeleyo
intshayelelo
Ukuba uthutha nantoni na ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-Australia, uyazi ukuba ixabiso olibonayo kwixabiso eliqingqiweyo phantse alifani nelo ulihlawulayo. Malunga noNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina (i-CNY), esi siphumo siya siqina: iishedyuli ziyaqina, abathwali banciphisa ukuhamba ngeenqanawa, izixhobo ziyafuduswa, kwaye indawo iba nzima ukuyifumana. Oku kubangela ukuba iindleko ezininzi zexeshana zibonakale kwii-invoyisi ezinamagama angaqhelekanga, kwaye zihlala zifika ngexesha elibi kakhulu lokucwangcisa uluhlu lwezinto.
Eli nqaku lithetha ngeentlawulo ezixhaphakileyo ezinxulumene ne-CNY e-Australia, njenge-PSS kunye ne-GRI. Likwachaza iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga "neendleko ezifihlakeleyo" ezinyusa ngobuchule iindleko zakho zomhlaba. Ingongoma ayikokukwenza ufunde ulwimi lokuthumela ngentloko, kodwa kukukunceda uqonde ukuba yintoni ebangela ezi ntlawulo, indlela ezichongwa ngayo, indlela ezibonakala ngayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthunyelwa, kunye nento onokuyenza ukuze uziphephe.
Ukuqonda Isizathu Sokuba I-CNY Itshintshe Amaxabiso Empahla Yolwandle
Amaxabiso eenqanawa zokuthutha impahla atshintsha rhoqo, hayi kube kanye kuphela. Iinqwelo zokuthutha impahla kunye neempahla ezithunyelwayo zisabela kwimfuno, umthamo weenqanawa, ukuxinana kweenqanawa, ukufumaneka kweekhonteyina, kunye nokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi. UNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina ubeka uxinzelelo kuzo zonke ezo zinto ngaxeshanye.
Ngaphambi kweholide, iifektri eTshayina zihlala zithumela iimpahla, nto leyo edala "incopho yangaphambi kwe-CNY." Iholide ke iyayimisa imveliso kwaye inciphise ukuhamba komhlaba, nto leyo ebangela "umsantsa emva kwe-CNY" ophazamisa imijikelo yezixhobo kunye nemihla yokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa. Abathwali bahlala behlehlisa ukuhamba ngenqanawa okucwangcisiweyo xa imfuno incipha okwethutyana, kodwa bakwafuna ixesha lokuhambisa izikhongozeli ezingenanto ukuya apho ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuya kuqala khona kwakhona.
Olu tshintsho luchaphazela iindlela ezinkulu eziya nezibuya e-Australia, nokuba indawo ekuyiwa kuyo ikude kakhulu nemizi-mveliso yaseTshayina. Xa kunzima ukufumana indawo, imakethi idla ngokuvuma ukuhlawula imali eyongezelelweyo ukuze ufumane indawo eqinisekisiweyo. Yiyo loo nto i-CNY window ilixesha apho iindleko ezongezelelweyo ziqhelekile.
Igama eliphambili #1: I-PSS (Intlawulo engaphezulu yeXesha eliPhezulu)
Ithetha ukuthini iPSS xa usenza izinto?
I-PSS sisifinyezo segama elithi Peak Season Surcharge. Nangona inegama elithi “summer peak” egameni layo, ayithethi loo nto kuphela. Abathwali beenkonzo bafaka esi sihlomelo ukuze benze imali xa imfuno iphezulu kunendawo ekhoyo okanye xa belindele uxinzelelo lokusebenza kwaye befuna ukufaka umngcipheko.
Xa izinto zithunyelwa e-Australia zisuka eTshayina ngexabiso elimalunga ne-CNY, i-PSS idla ngokuba yinto eyenzeka kuba uninzi lwabathumeli bafuna ukuhambisa iimpahla zabo kwindawo abaya kuyo ngaphambi kokuba iifektri zivale. Abathuthi banokufuneka banciphise umthamo wazo okanye bajongane nokungalingani kwezixhobo. Nokuba umthamo wakho uhlala ufana inyanga nenyanga, i-PSS isenokwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko zemarike.
Indlela iPSS ehlawuliswa ngayo
Kwimithwalo ye-FCL, i-PSS idla ngokuhlawuliswa ngesikhongozeli ngasinye, kwaye kwimithwalo ye-LCL, ihlawuliswa ngevolumu nganye (CBM) okanye ubunzima (W/M). Kodwa iyunithi kunye nesixa sinokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kumthwali, indlela, kunye nohlobo lwesivumelwano. Ingxaki enye eqhelekileyo kukuba i-PSS inokuqaliswa, itshintshwe, okanye yandiswe ngaphandle kwesaziso esincinci.
Ukuba ubona "Ocean Freight: $X" uze emva koko uthi "PSS: $Y," oko akuthethi ukuba umntu "wongeze" umrhumo emva komsitho. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba inkampani ithumele i-bulletin entsha yamaxabiso ngelo xesha kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwakho kufakiwe kuyo.
Kutheni i-PSS ingaziva ngathi ayilunganga
I-PSS ayisoloko isetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo kuyo yonke inqanawa. Enye inqanawa inokuba ne-PSS ephezulu kunenye kwinqanawa enye kuba indawo yahlukile. Ukuba inqanawa ethile igcwele kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwentlawulo eyongezelelweyo luyanda.
Yingakho "ukubhukisha kwangethuba" kungasoloko kusebenza. Ukuba ubhukisha kwangethuba, unethuba elingcono lokufumana indawo, kodwa akukho siqinisekiso sokuba intlawulo eyongezelelweyo ayizukubakho. Into enokuyenza kukunciphisa ithuba lokuba ufuduselwe kwinqanawa elandelayo enentlawulo engaphezulu ngeveki.
Igama eliphambili #2: I-GRI (Ukunyuka kweNqanaba Jikelele)
Yintoni i-GRI ngokwenene
Ukunyuka kweNqanaba Jikelele yinto emele i-GRI. I-GRI idla ngokuba lutshintsho kwizinga lomthwalo osisiseko ngokwawo, kodwa i-PSS iphawulwa ngokucacileyo njengomrhumo owongezelelweyo. Abathwali bathi izinga lomthwalo "jikelele" liza kunyuka ngesixa esithile ukususela ngomhla othile.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-GRI lutshintsho kwixabiso, hayi ixabiso lento ethile. Enyanisweni, uninzi lweengcaphuno lubonisa ukuba ngumgca owahlukileyo ukuze imakethi ithelekise "ixabiso elisisiseko" kunye "nokunyuka." Kodwa isiphumo sezoqoqosho siyafana: iindleko zakho zokuthutha ulwandle ziphezulu.
Kutheni ii-GRI ziqhelekile malunga ne-CNY
Abathwali beenkonzo bazama ukuseta amaxabiso kwakhona ngexesha elingaphambi nasemva kwe-CNY. Banokunyusa amaxabiso kuba belindele ukuba kubekho ishishini elininzi, okanye banokuzama ukugcina amaxabiso efana njengoko umthamo uncipha. Ngamanye amaxesha ii-GRI ezininzi zibhengezwa ngokulandelelana, kwaye ukuba imfuno iyehla, ayizizo zonke "ezinamathelayo."
Kwiimpahla eziya eOstreliya, ii-GRI zinokucwangciswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze zihambelane nocwangciso lwenethiwekhi, imitya yenqanawa, kunye nezixhobo ezithuthayo. Akuqhelekanga ukuba i-GRI ibhengezwe iveki ethile ize itshintshe, irhoxiswe, okanye ibekwe nje kancinci kwisenzo ngokusekelwe kwindlela imakethi esabela ngayo.
I-GRI vs PSS: Umahluko olula
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule: I-PSS idla ngokuba yintlawulo eyongezelelweyo, ngelixa i-GRI idla ngokuba kukunyuka kwexabiso elisisiseko. Zombini ezi zinto ziya kukubiza kakhulu, kwaye zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye.
Igama eliphambili #3: Iindleko ezifihlakeleyo ezingasoloko zichazwa kwangaphambili
Ingxaki "Yonke-In" Engaphelelanga Ngokwenene
Uninzi lwabathumeli lucela ixabiso "lonke" ukuze bangafumani zimanga. Kulungile oko, kodwa igama elithi "konke" lisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwishishini lezothutho. Ezinye iikowuteshini ziquka yonke into ukuya kuthi ga kwizibuko, kodwa kungekhona kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Ezinye ziimpahla zolwandle ezithunyelwa ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo azibandakanyi iifizi zendawo. Ezinye ziquka iindleko zasekuhlaleni kodwa azibandakanyi iifizi zokuhlolwa, imigaqo, okanye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
I-CNY lixesha apho ezi zikhewu zibuhlungu kakhulu kuba iindleko ezisisiseko sele zitshintsha, kwaye izinto ezincinci ezongezelelweyo zinokwakheka zibe ngumahluko omkhulu kwixabiso lokugqibela lokufumana indawo.
Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo Eziqhelekileyo Okufanele Zijongwe
Elinye iqela kukuthobela imithetho kunye namaxwebhu. Ukuba amaxwebhu awenziwanga ngexesha okanye awagqitywanga, umthwalo ungaphoswa kuhambo olucwangcisiweyo lokuhamba ngenqanawa kwaye kufuneka ulinde inqanawa elandelayo ekhoyo, enokubiza kancinci ngenxa yomjikelo omtsha wentlawulo eyongezelelweyo. Oko akusiyo "intlawulo" ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa kujika kube yindleko.
Elinye iqela liquka iintlawulo zamazibuko kunye neetheminali ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kohambo. Ezi zinokuba ziintlawulo zokucubungula iikhonteyina kwitheminali, iintlawulo zenkonzo yetheminali, iintlawulo zeyadi yeekhonteyina, kunye nezinye iindleko zasekuhlaleni ezahlukileyo ukusuka kwitheminali ukuya kwitheminali, itheminali ukuya kwitheminali, kunye nomthwali ukuya kumthwali.
Kukwakho nemiphumo kwiilori kunye nezithuthi. Ngexesha le-CNY rush, kunokuba nzima ukuqokelela nokuhambisa izinto. Ukuba iimpahla zakho azikalungi xa ilori ifika apho, kusenokufuneka uhlawule imali eyongezelelweyo yokuhanjiswa kwakhona, ixesha lokulinda, okanye ukuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo.
Enye indawo abantu abaninzi abangayicingi ngokwaneleyo yi-inshorensi. Abanye abathumeli abayithengi i-inshorensi ukuze bonge imali, kodwa ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo, ukulibaziseka okanye ukuphathwa gwenxa kunokubiza kakhulu kuneprimiyamu. Kwakhona, eli asiloxabiso elongezelelweyo; yinxalenye nje yexabiso lokwenyani.
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa esebenzayo: Indlela iintlawulo ezibonakala ngayo rhoqo
Izihloko kunye namanani eentlawulo ayatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwimarike, kodwa itheyibhile engasezantsi ibonisa indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlawulo ezihlala zimiselwa ngayo.
| Uhlobo lwentlawulo | Yintoni | Indlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo Ngokwesiqhelo | Apho Uyibona khona | Kutheni Ikhula Ngokujikeleze i-CNY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-PSS | Intlawulo yeXesha Eliphakamileyo | Ngesikhongozeli ngasinye (FCL) okanye ngokweCBM/W/M (LCL) | Into eyahlukileyo kumgca | Uxinano lwesithuba kunye nokungalingani kwezixhobo |
| GRI | Ukunyuka kweRayithi ngokubanzi | Ukunyuka kwesantya sokuthutha ulwandle ukuya kwisiseko | Idla ngokufakwa okanye iboniswe njengonyuso | Inkampani yenethiwekhi izama ukuseta amaxabiso kwakhona ngexesha lokuphakama |
| BAF | I-Bunker Adjustment Factor (enxulumene nepetroli) | Ngesikhongozeli ngasinye okanye ngeyunithi nganye | Into eyahlukileyo kumgca | Ukuguquguquka kwepetroli kunye notshintsho kwinethiwekhi |
| CAF | Imali yoLungiso lweMali | Ngesikhongozeli ngasinye okanye ngeyunithi nganye | Into eyahlukileyo kumgca | Ukuguquguquka kwe-FX kunye nokubiyelwa kweenqwelo |
| THC | Intlawulo yokuPhathwa kwetheminali | Intlawulo yendawo apho imvelaphi/indawo eya khona | I-invoyisi yemvelaphi kunye/okanye indawo oya kuyo | Ukuxinana kwezixhobo zombane kunye neendleko zokusebenza |
| I-DoC | Umrhumo woxwebhu | Ngokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa | I-invoyisi yokudlulisela | Umthwalo womsebenzi ophezulu, imiqobo yabasebenzi ngaphambi kweeholide |
| Ukuvalelwa/Ukugxothwa | Izohlwayo ezisekelwe kwixesha | Ngosuku emva kwexesha lokuphumla | I-invoyisi yendawo oya kuyo | Ukulibaziseka, ukuxinana, ukucotha kokuthathwa ngexesha lexesha elinzima |
Akufanele uloyike olu luhlu. Lubonisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa okubonakala “kulula” kunokuba nezinto ezininzi ezihambayo, kwaye i-CNY yenza ukunyakaza kube kukhulu nangakumbi.
Indlela iPSS kunye neGRI ezisebenzisana ngayo nokuthunyelwa kweFCL vs LCL
I-FCL: Iiyunithi Ezinkulu, Ukutshintsha Kwezinga Eliphezulu
Nge-FCL, iifizi ezifana ne-PSS zihlala zibonakala zilula kuba zihlawuliswa kwisikhongozeli ngasinye. Ukuba uthumela ngaphezu kwesinye, isiphumo sicacile kwaye sikhawuleza. Ii-GRI nazo zinokuba nkulu kuba amaxabiso asisiseko kwisikhongozeli ngasinye anokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwiinqanawa ezidumileyo.
Ngexesha le-CNY, i-FCL inzima kungekuphela nje ngenxa yeendleko, kodwa kwanangenxa yokuba akukho zixhobo zaneleyo ezikhoyo. Usadinga uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwesikhongozeli kwindawo elungileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nokuba ukulungele ukuhlawula. Ukucwangcisa kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba uthotho lwakho lokubonelela luxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezithile zezixhobo, ezifana nezikhongozeli ezineetyhubhu eziphezulu.
I-LCL: Izinto Ezingakumbi Zomgca, Ushicilelo Oluncinci Olungakumbi
Ngenxa yokuba iindleko ngamanye amaxesha zisekelwe kwimithetho yobunzima okanye yokulinganisa okanye ngokwe-CBM, i-LCL inokubonisa ukwenziwa kwezinto okukhulu. I-PSS ingabonakala njengexabiso elongezelelweyo ngokwe-CBM nganye, kwaye ukuphathwa kwindawo oya kuyo kunokongeza izinto ezimbalwa ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye nangeyunithi nganye.
I-LCL ingasebenza kakuhle ngamanani amancinci, kodwa kungathatha ixesha elide ukuhlanganisana malunga ne-CNY. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kusenokufuneka kulinde ixesha elide kwindawo yokuqala ukuba i-consolidator ayikwazi ukwakha ibhokisi yonke ngokukhawuleza. Elo xesha lokulinda linokubangela ukuba ugcine izinto kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye utshintshe indlela ohamba ngayo, nto leyo etshintsha isiseko sexabiso.
Kutheni “Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo” Zisenzeka Nokuba Akukho Mntu Unganyanisekanga
Kulula ukucinga ukuba kukho iifizi ezifihlakeleyo kuba umntu uzama ukuba imali. Oko kuyenzeka ngamanye amaxesha emarikeni, kodwa uninzi lwexesha kungenxa yendlela izinto ezicwangciswe ngayo.
Iindleko zomthwali ziyanyuka zize zihle. Amaxabiso eechweba ayatshintshatshintsha. Iiterminal zitshintsha amaxabiso azo. Imarike yeelori iyatshintsha yonke imihla. Umthumeli unokunika ixabiso kuphela ngokusekelwe koko akwaziyo okwangoku kunye noko akuphetheyo. "Iindleko ezifihlakeleyo" "ziindleko ezingagutyungelwanga yi-scope" ukuba isicatshulwa asichazi ukuba yi-scope enjani.
Yiyo loo nto umbuzo ongcono wokuwubuza ungengothi “Ngaba eli xabiso liphantsi?” kodwa uthi “Yintoni kanye kanye equkiweyo, kwaye itshintsha nini?” Izinto zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke elase-CNY.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Umngcipheko Wentlawulo Engaphezulu ye-CNY Ngaphandle Kokuqikelela Imarike
Akukho ndlela inye yokususa zonke iindleko, kodwa unganciphisa izinto ezingalindelekanga kwaye uthintele iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu.
Enye indlela elungileyo yokwenza oku kukuvala ukulungela imithwalo ngaphambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo. Ukuba uthatha ixesha elide ukupakisha, ukulebhelisha, okanye ukuba amaphepha alungele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwakho kungatshintshela ngokulula kwiveki eyahlukileyo yentlawulo. Loo mpazamo incinci ngexesha inokubiza ngaphezulu komahluko kwixabiso lempahla enivumelene ngalo.
Enye indlela yokwenza oku kukubandakanya isithintelo kwisicwangciso sakho sokubonelela. Ukuba ufuna ukuhambisa iimpahla e-Australia ngomhla othile, cinga nge-CNY njengexesha lokungaqiniseki kwaye ulungiselele ukuba zifike kwangethuba. Ukuthunyelwa kwangethuba kunokuba nexabiso eliphantsi kunokuthunyelwa ngexesha likaxakeka kamva.
Usenokufuna nokucinga ngendlela eguquguquka ngayo indlela yokuhambisa inqanawa. Ngamanye amaxesha ungakuphepha ukuhamba ngeenqanawa ngokutshintshela kwenye i-port pair okanye ukuhlala ixesha elide kancinci. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni uyifuna ngokukhawuleza kangakanani imveliso yakho kunye noko abathengi bakho bakulindeleyo.
Okokugqibela, sebenzisana namaqabane kuphela anokuchaza kakuhle indlela ezisebenza ngayo iindleko. Xa umntu othumela impahla enokukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iindleko ezilawulwa ngumthengisi, i-terminal, kunye nomsebenzi, ungenza izigqibo ezilumkileyo endaweni yokuphendula nje kwiibhili.
isiphelo
Iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokuthumela i-CNY e-Australia azikho nje umrhumo omnye ongaqhelekanga; liqela leenkqubo zamaxabiso ezisabela kwiingxaki zokwenyani ngomthamo, ukuhamba kwezixhobo, kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza. I-PSS idla ngokuba yintlawulo eyongezelelweyo ecacileyo, kodwa i-GRI idla ngokuba kukunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso okuthutha ulwandle. Kukwakho neendleko ezifihlakeleyo ezivela kwizikhewu ezikhoyo, utshintsho kwisiphelo sendawo kunye nokuguquguquka kwelori, kunye notshintsho kwishedyuli ehambisa ukuthunyelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamaxabiso.
Ukuba ucinga nge-CNY njengomsitho wexesha eliqhelekileyo kwaye ucwangcise ukubhukisha kwakho, amaphepha, kunye nokulungiselela imithwalo ngexesha elingaphezulu kunesiqhelo, ungaphepha iindleko ezingalindelekanga kwaye ugcine iindleko zakho zokufika zizinzile nangona kwiiveki apho amaxabiso enyuka kwaye ehla.
FAQs
Q: Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwePSS kunye neGRI?
A: I-PSS idla ngokuba yimali eyongezelelweyo esetyenziswa kwixabiso lempahla ngexesha leengxakeko, ngelixa i-GRI idla ngokuba kukunyuka ngokubanzi kwexabiso lempahla ngokwayo. Zombini zinyusa iindleko zakho zizonke, kodwa zikwenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo nangamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
Q: Ngaba iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ze-CNY azinakuphepheka xa kuthunyelwa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-Australia?
A: Azisoloko ziyimfuneko, nangona zisenzeka rhoqo. Nokuba awukwazi ukuzithintela, unganciphisa amathuba okuzivelela ngokucwangcisa kwangethuba, uqinisekise ukuba umthwalo wakho ulungile, kwaye ungangeni kwixesha elibiza kakhulu.
Q: Kutheni le nto iikowuteshini "zonke-zonke" zigcina zineendleko ezongezelelweyo?
Impendulo: "I-All-in" isenokugubungela kuphela indawo ethile, njengothutho lolwandle oluya echwebeni, kwaye ingabandakanyi iindleko zokuya apho, uhlolo olukhethekileyo, indawo yokugcina, ukususwa/ukubanjwa, okanye iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokuthwala eziza emva kokubhukisha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza kube lula kwaye kucace imeko.
Q: Ngaba ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kujongene neendleko ezifihlakeleyo kunezokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL?
A: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kudla ngokuba neentlawulo ezineenkcukacha ezithe vetshe kuba iindleko zahlulwe phakathi kokuhlanganiswa, ukuphathwa, kunye nokubalwa kweyunithi nganye. Oku akuthethi ukuba i-LCL imbi, kodwa kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ujonge ngokucokisekileyo izinto ezifakiweyo.
Q: Ndingaqikelela njani ixabiso lam lilonke lokufika ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha le-CNY?
A: Cela isicatshulwa esichaza umthwalo osisiseko, iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zomthwali, kunye neentlawulo zasekuhlaleni, uze ucele ingcaciso yokuba zeziphi izinto ezimiselweyo kunye nezo zinokutshintsha. Kwakhona cinga ngengozi yokulibaziseka okunokubangela ukuba kugcinwe okanye kuhlawulwe ngexesha.
Q: Ngaba umboneleli wezothutho anganceda ukunciphisa ezi ngxaki zibangelwe yi-CNY?
A: Ewe. Umthengisi ofanelekileyo akakuniki nje ixabiso; bakwakunceda ucwangcise ukuba uza kubhukisha nini, uza kuthumela nini amaphepha, indlela yokuchonga eyona ndlela ilungileyo, kunye neendleko ezibandakanyiweyo. I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce logistics eziwela imida ukusukela ngo-2010. Iqela lethu labasunguli linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwerhafu, ligxile kakhulu ekuthuthweni phakathi kwe-US neTshayina. Iinkonzo zethu zigubungela lonke uthotho lwe-logistics, ukusuka ekuthuthweni kokuqala ukuya elunxwemeni. ukugcina ukuya ekugqityweni kwerhafu ukuya ekuhanjisweni okukhawulezileyo. Sikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela asebenziseka lula ekuthuthweni komthwalo ogcweleyo (FCL) kunye nomthwalo ongaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (LCL).
