Inombolo ye-EORI Ichaziwe: Isikhokelo Esilula Sabangenisi Abaqalayo eJamani
intshayelelo
I-EORI ligama lokuqala elivelayo xa uthutha iimpahla ukuya eJamani okokuqala, nokuba ungumthengisi we-e-commerce onqumla imida, umenzi wemveliso obonelela ngomsasazi waseYurophu, okanye inkampani encinci ejonga ukungeniswa ngokuthe ngqo. Inombolo yoBhaliso noLwazi lwabaSebenzi bezoQoqosho (i-EORI) yileyo isetyenziswa ngamagosa eerhafu ze-EU ukuchonga lonke ishishini okanye umntu owenza ishishini kumazwe ngamazwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwakho akuyi kudlula kwiirhafu ngaphandle kwayo. Yiyo leyo.
Le ngcamango ilula, kodwa iinkcukacha zibaluleke kakhulu ebomini bokwenyani. Leliphi ilizwe ekufuneka ubhalise kulo? Ngaba inombolo yakho ye-EORI isebenza kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU? Kwenzeka ntoni xa uthumela nge-DDP Incoterms endaweni ye-DAP? Ngawaphi amaphepha owadingayo? Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, yintoni etshintshileyo ngeNkqubo yoLawulo lokuNgenisa ye-EU 2 (ICS2), eyaqaliswa ngokupheleleyo kuhambo lwendlela nololiwe ngo-2025?
Esi sifundo sithetha ngayo yonke into enxulumene nenombolo ye-EORI kubantu abaqalayo ukungenisa eJamani, kuquka ukuba yintoni, ngubani oyifunayo, indlela esebenza ngayo ifomathi, indlela yokufaka isicelo, kunye nendlela amaqabane anamava okuthuthwa kwempahla afana neTopway Shipping anokukunceda ngayo uphephe ukulibaziseka okubangela ukuba abantu abaninzi abaqalayo bangayilindelanga.
Yintoni iNombolo ye-EORI kwaye Kutheni Ikho?
Ngomhla woku-1 kuJulayi ngo-2009, inkqubo ye-EORI yaqala ukusebenza kuyo yonke i-EU. Yathatha indawo yeenombolo ezahlukeneyo zobunikazi bempahla ezazisetyenziswa lilizwe ngalinye elilungu ukuqhuba ishishini lalo. Ngaphambi kwe-EORI, ishishini elalizisa iimpahla eJamani kwaye lizithengise eFransi lalifuna iinombolo ezahlukeneyo zobunikazi kwilizwe ngalinye. Ukutshintshela kwi-identity enye ye-EU eqatshelwa yiyo yonke amazwe angama-27 yayilinyathelo elikhulu ekwenzeni ulawulo lwempahla lusebenze ngakumbi kwimarike enye.
Inombolo ye-EORI yenza izinto ezimbini eziphambili. Okokuqala, ibiza umqhubi wezoqoqosho kuyo yonke ingxelo yerhafu, kuquka yonke into engeniswayo, isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle, intshukumo yokuhamba, kunye nenkqubo yerhafu. Okwesibini, inika amagosa erhafu indlela yokulandelela ishishini eliqinisekisiweyo nelibhalisiweyo, elibanceda ukuba baqokelele irhafu yokungenisa kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo ezinkulu ze-EU zokhuseleko nomda. Ayilonombolo ye-VAT, inombolo yobhaliso lwerhafu, okanye ikhowudi yohlu lwemveliso. Yisiqinisekiso sobuwena berhafu esifanelekileyo kwaye kuphela.
Inyani yokuba inkqubo ye-EORI ayiphelelwa lixesha yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Inombolo ye-EORI ilungele ubomi bonke ngaphandle kokuba umniniyo ucela ukuba irhoxiswe okanye iyeke ukwenza ishishini. I-Customs igcina idatha iminyaka elishumi emva kokuba isusiwe kubhaliso. Oku kuthetha ukuba imali oyichithayo ukubhalisa njengomthumeli-mhlaba okokuqala iya kuba luncedo kulo lonke ixesha usenza ishishini ne-EU.
Ifomathi: Yeyiphi iNombolo ye-EORI yaseJamani ebonakala ngathi
Ikhowudi yelizwe ye-ISO enoonobumba ababini elandelwa lulandelelwano oluchazwe kuzwelonke lwe-alphanumeric yifomathi eqhelekileyo yamanani e-EORI kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Isebe loLwazi lweCustoms and Knowledge Management, okanye i-IWM Zoll, liqumrhu elikhupha inombolo yeJamani. Idla ngokuqala ngo-“DE” ize emva koko ibe yinombolo yobhaliso lwe-VAT ekhoyo yenkampani. Iqumrhu laseJamani elinenombolo ye-VAT engu-123456789 lingafumana inombolo ye-EORI engu-DE123456789, umzekelo.
Kumashishini angaphandle kwe-EU asebenza ngqo kwizithethe zaseJamani, nto leyo exhaphakileyo kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abasebenza njengabangenisi berekhodi, ifomathi isengu-"DE" elandelwa bubuwena obabelwe ngaphakathi. Oku kungenxa yokuba basenokungabi nanombolo ye-VAT yaseJamani xa besebenza. Ikhowudi yokubhalisa yonke inokuba noonobumba abali-17: oonobumba ababini besizwe, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 yeenombolo, kunye noonobumba abahlanu.
Kumashishini asebenza kumazwe angaphezu kwelinye e-EU, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba inombolo ye-EORI evela kulo naliphi na ilizwe elingamalungu e-EU isebenza kuwo onke amazwe angama-27 angamalungu. Awudingi inombolo eyahlukileyo ye-EORI kuwo onke amazwe ongenisa okanye othumela kuwo. Iqumrhu elibhalisa eJamani lingasebenzisa i-EORI yalo yaseJamani ukwenza umsebenzi werhafu kulo naliphi na ilizwe le-EU, kuquka iNetherlands, iPoland, iFransi, kunye namanye. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa indlela iifom ze-EORI ezahluka ngayo kwilizwe ngalinye. Oku kuya kukunceda ujonge idatha oyifumanayo kumaqabane orhwebo.
| ilizwe | Ifomathi ye-EORI | umzekelo | Ukukhupha igunya |
| Jemani | DE + ukuya kuthi ga kwiinombolo ezili-15 | DE123456789 | Ulwazi lweSiko (i-IWM Zoll) |
| Fransi | FR + 11 iinombolo zamagama | FR12345678901 | Umkhombandlela Générale des Douanes |
| elamaDatshi | I-NL + i-RSIN/BSN + amanani ama-3 | Iinqununu: | Belastingdienst/Douane |
| Pholend | PL + 10 digits (NIP) | PL1234567890 | Izba Administracji Skarbowej |
| ElamaTaliyane | Inombolo ye-IT + ye-VAT | IT12345678901 | Agenzia delle Dogane |
Ngubani Ofuna Inombolo ye-EORI? Uhlalutyo Olusebenzayo
Ngokomthetho we-EU kwi-EORI, nawuphi na “umqhubi wezoqoqosho” kufuneka afumane inombolo ngaphambi kokuba enze umsebenzi werhafu. Igama elithi “umqhubi wezoqoqosho” libanzi ngabom. Liquka nawuphi na umntu okanye inkampani ebandakanyeka kwimisebenzi enxulumene nerhafu njengenxalenye yeshishini labo. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantse naliphi na ishishini elizisa okanye elithumela iimpahla ngaphaya kwemida ye-EU liyayifuna.
Kuba nzima ngakumbi kubathengisi abangekho kwi-EU kwaye bafuna ukuthumela eJamani. Ukuba ungumboneleli waseTshayina okanye umenzi wase-US othumela iimpahla kumthengi waseJamani, nokuba uyayifuna inombolo ye-EORI okanye awuyifuni kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-Incoterms kwisivumelwano sakho sokuthengisa. Xa kusetyenziswa amagama e-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), umthengisi unoxanduva lokucoca amasiko kunye nokuhlawula zonke iindleko. Oku kuthetha ukuba umthengisi ungumngenisi werekhodi, ngoko ke bafuna inombolo yakhe ye-EORI. Ukuba usebenzisa amagama e-DAP (Delivered at Place) okanye e-DDU, umthengi unyamekela amasiko, kwaye umthengisi akadingi inombolo ye-EORI kuloo mpahla.
Ishishini le-e-commerce eliwela imida longeza iingxaki ezingaphezulu. Inkqubo ye-Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) ngoku iqokelela i-VAT kwiipakethe ze-€150 okanye ngaphantsi. Oku kungenxa yokuba uhlengahlengiso lwe-VAT lwe-EU kwi-e-commerce lwaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 2021. Kodwa ukubhalisela i-IOSS akuthathi ndawo okanye kususe imfuneko yenombolo ye-EORI kwizibhengezo zerhafu. Iarhente yerhafu okanye iqabane lokugcwalisa elizalisa ungeniso lwakho lokungenisa liya kusadinga i-EORI esebenzayo ukuze lenze njalo.
| Uhlobo lo shishino | Ufuna i-EORI? | amaNqaku |
| Inkampani ese-EU engenisa/ithumela ngaphandle | Ewe — kuyimfuneko | Faka isicelo kwilizwe elilungu le-EU elisekwe kulo |
| Inkampani engeyiyo eye-EU esebenza njengomngenisi werekhodi eJamani | Ewe — kuyimfuneko | Faka isicelo kwi-IWM Zoll; ungasebenzisa iFomu 0870 |
| Ukuthunyelwa kwabathengisi abangengabo abe-EU phantsi kwe-DDP Incoterms | Ewe — kuyimfuneko | Umthengisi usebenza njengomngenisi kwaye ufuna i-EORI yakhe |
| Non-EU umthengisi ngenqanawa phantsi DAP/DDU | Hayi — i-EORI yomthengi isetyenzisiwe | Umthengi okanye iarhente yerhafu iphatha ukususwa kwerhafu |
| Urhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida (B2C, ixabiso eliphantsi < €150) | Umqathango | I-IOSS igubungela i-VAT; i-EORI isafuneka kwiarhente yerhafu |
| Umntu wabucala (ukungenisa ngamanye amaxesha) | Ngokubanzi akukho | Ngaphandle kokuba imisebenzi yokungenisa impahla rhoqo yorhwebo |
Uhlaziyo lwe-ICS2 luka-2024–2025: Kutheni ukuthobela imithetho ye-EORI kwaba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi
Ukwaziswa okungaqhelekanga kwe-ICS2, iNkqubo yoLawulo lokungenisa impahla 2, kube lolona tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwimithetho yokungenisa impahla ye-EU kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Isakhelo esitsha se-EU sokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lwamasiko ngaphambi kokufika kwempahla senzelwe ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya idatha yempahla ngaphambi kokuba impahla ifike kwimida ye-EU. Yathatha indawo yenkqubo endala ye-ICS kwaye ibisoloko isetyenziswa ukususela ngo-2021.
Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo ye-ICS2 Release 3 yabangenisi bempahla ngokubanzi yayikukuba yaqala ukusebenza ngoJuni 3, 2024. Yongeze abaqhubi bezolwandle, beendlela, kunye nabaqhubi boololiwe kuluhlu lwabo kwakufuneka banike ulwazi lwempahla kwangaphambili, begqibezela ukugubungela zonke iindlela zothutho. Ukususela ngalo mhla, nabani na othumela iimpahla ngaphakathi okanye nge-EU, eNorway, eSwitzerland, okanye eMntla Ireland nangayiphi na indlela yothutho kufuneka afake ikhowudi yeHarmonized System (HS) enamanani amathandathu kwinto nganye yomgca kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo, kunye neenkcazo ezineenkcukacha zeempahla, ngaphambi kokuba kufike ukuthunyelwa. Ngomhla woku-1 kuSeptemba, 2025, ifestile yokugqibela yokuthunyelwa kwe-ICS2 Release 3 yayivaliwe. Ngeli xesha, bonke abaqhubi bezoqoqosho kwakufuneka baqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo ye-ICS2 kwaye bathumele ii-Entry Summary Declarations (ENS).
Oku kuthetha ukuba i-EORI yomntu othumela impahla, okanye umntu ofumana iimveliso, ngoku yintsimi efunekayo kuzo zonke izicelo ze-ENS zokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezingena kwi-EU. Le yimfuneko enzima kunokuba uninzi lwabangenisi becinga. Ngaphambili, ezinye izivumelwano zokungenisa izinto ezingekho mthethweni zinokudlula ngaphandle kokuba i-EORI yomntu othumela impahla ingeniswe ngokucacileyo kwiinkqubo kwangaphambili. Oko akusenakwenzeka nge-ICS2. I-ENS kufuneka ibe ne-EORI yomntu othumela impahla ngaphambi kokuba impahla ifike apho. Ukuba ayikho, isibhengezo sesishwankathelo sokungeniswa siya kwaliwa, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kungabanjwa.
Indlela yokufaka isicelo seNombolo ye-EORI eJamani
Amanyathelo okufumana inombolo ye-EORI yaseJamani ahlukile kwiinkampani ezikwi-EU kunye nezo zenza ushishino ngaphandle kwe-EU. Zombini iindlela zikhokelela kwisiphumo esifanayo, kodwa amaphepha kunye namaxesha okucubungula ahlukile ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba kubalulekile ukwazi nganye nganye yodwa.
Kwiinkampani ezisekwe kwi-EU
Ukuba ishishini lakho libhalisiwe eJamani okanye kwelinye ilizwe le-EU, indlela ekhawulezayo yokufika apho kukusebenzisa iZoll.de, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yezithethe zaseJamani (iBundeszollverwaltung). Ukuze ufikelele kwicandelo lesicelo se-EORI, khetha ukuba ungusomashishini okanye ngumntu ngamnye. Emva koko gcwalisa ifomu ekwi-intanethi ngolwazi lwenkampani yakho, inkcazo yoko kwenziwa lishishini lakho, kunye nenombolo yakho yerhafu yaseJamani. Ixesha lokucubungula lidla ngokuba ziintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zokusebenza emva kokuba ufake isicelo sakho. Uya kufumana inombolo yakho ye-EORI nge-imeyile okanye ngeakhawunti yakho yephothali. Akukho ntlawulo yenkonzo.
Kwiinkampani zangaphandle ezingezizo ze-EU
Iinkampani ezingaphandle kwe-EU ezingenayo iofisi kwi-EU, kuquka nezo zivela eTshayina, e-US, okanye kwamanye amazwe angengawo awe-EU afuna ukuba ngabangenisi beerekhodi eJamani, kufuneka zigcwalise iFomu 0870, ifomu ledatha ye-EORI, kwaye ziyithumele ngqo kwi-IWM Zoll. Ungathumela le fomu nge-imeyile, ngeposi, okanye ngefeksi. Isazisi esisebenzayo sommeli wenkampani, isicatshulwa esivela kwinkampani. ikhaya-irejista yorhwebo yelizwe (okanye uxwebhu lobhaliso olulinganayo), kunye nenombolo yobhaliso lwenkampani yabarhwebi abazimeleyo zonke ziyafuneka.
Kuthatha ixesha elide ukucubungula izicelo ezivela kubantu abangaphandle kwe-EU kunabantu abangaphakathi kwe-EU. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuthatha iintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezilishumi zokusebenza, kodwa oku kungathatha ixesha elide ukuba amaphepha akagcwele okanye ukuba kufuneka ulwazi oluthe kratya. Inani lisanikezelwa simahla. Iingcali zezothutho zicebisa kakhulu ukuba kuqaliswe isicelo se-EORI ubuncinane iiveki ezintathu ngaphambi komhla wokuqala wokuthunyelwa okulindelekileyo, kungekhona iveki engaphambili.
Uluhlu Lokujonga Amaxwebhu Ngokujonga Nje
| Uxwebhu / Into | Inkampani esekwe yi-EU | Inkampani Yangaphandle Engeyiyo E-EU |
| Ifomu yokufaka isicelo | Kwi-intanethi nge-portal yeZoll.de | Ifom 0870 (i-imeyile/i-imeyile/ifeksi eya ku-IWM Zoll) |
| Isicatshulwa sobhaliso lwenkampani | Iyafuneka (iHandelsregister) | Iyafuneka (ilingana nelizwe lasekhaya) |
| Inombolo ye-VAT / ye-ID yerhafu | Kufuneka (Steuernummer / USt-IdNr.) | Iyadingeka ukuba ikhona |
| Idilesi evumelekileyo eJamani | kufunwa | Ummeli wezemali waseJamani unokufuneka |
| Uxwebhu lwesazisi (umlawuli) | kufunwa | kufunwa |
| Imali | Simahla kungafunwanga ntlawulo | Simahla kungafunwanga ntlawulo |
| Iqhubekekisa ixesha | Iintsuku ezi-2–3 zokusebenza (kwi-intanethi) | Iintsuku ze-5-10 zeentsuku |
Iikhowudi ze-EORI, i-VAT, kunye ne-HS: Ukuqonda umfanekiso opheleleyo wokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yerhafu
Abantu abangenisa okokuqala ngqa badla ngokudibanisa imithetho eyahlukeneyo baze bacinge ukuba i-EORI, ubhaliso lwe-VAT, kunye nokuhlelwa kwemveliso zonke zizinto ezifanayo. Ziimfuno ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zinyanzeliswa ziigunya ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zisebenza ngokusondeleyo ekusebenzeni.
I-Customs isebenzisa inombolo yakho ye-EORI ukufumanisa ukuba ungubani. I-ofisi yerhafu isebenzisa inombolo yakho ye-VAT ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iirhafu zakho ze-VAT. Ikhowudi yerhafu ye-HS (Harmonized System) ivumela abasemagunyeni berhafu ukuba bazi ukuba uzisa ntoni kweli lizwe. Ikwamisela izinga lerhafu yokungenisa, nayiphi na irhafu yokulwa nokulahla impahla, kunye nokuba izinto zakho zifuna iilayisenisi zokungenisa impahla okanye iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko. Zonke ezintathu ziya kudweliswa kwisibhengezo sakho sokungenisa impahla, kodwa zivela kumasebe karhulumente ahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokubhalisa.
Ingongoma enye eluncedo: ukuba nje unenombolo ye-EORI akuqinisekisi ukuba ubhalisele i-VAT eJamani, kwaye ngenye indlela. Ukuba ishishini eJamani libhalisela i-VAT phantsi kwemithetho yokuthengisa umgama, kuya kufuneka lifake isicelo senombolo ye-EORI ngokwahlukileyo ngaphambi kokuba lidlulise iimveliso kwizithethe zaseJamani. Kwelinye icala, inkampani efumana inombolo ye-EORI yokuthunyelwa okukodwa kokungenisa isenokufuneka okanye ingabhaliseli i-VAT, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lorhwebo.
| inani | Injongo | Ngubani Oyikhuphayo | Xa Uyifuna |
| EORI | Chonga umqhubi wezoqoqosho werhafu | Igunya lesizwe lezerhafu | Ngaphambi kokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle okokuqala |
| Inombolo yeveti | Ukuchongwa kwerhafu kwiimbopheleleko ze-VAT | Igunya lerhafu lesizwe | Xa umda wobhaliso lwe-VAT uqala ukusebenza |
| HS Code | Hlela iimpahla ngokweenjongo zerhafu/zomsebenzi | Amagama adibeneyo (i-EU) | Kuzo zonke izibhengezo zerhafu |
| Inombolo yoMrhumo weCustoms | Misela izinga lerhafu yokungenisa impahla | Ugcino lwedatha ye-EU TARIC | Kuzo zonke izibhengezo zerhafu |
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuziphepha
Eyona mpazamo iqhelekileyo eyenziwa ngabantu xa bengenisa iimpahla ezivela eJamani okokuqala kukungafaki sicelo senombolo ye-EORI de kube emva kokuba iphakheji sele iphumile kwilizwe lemvelaphi. Ngaphambi kokuba izinto zifike, iSibhengezo sesishwankathelo sokuNgena kufuneka siquke i-EORI yomthumeli phantsi kwe-ICS2. Ukuba umthwalo wakho uphuma eTshayina uze ufike eHamburg okanye kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseFrankfurt ungenayo i-EORI esebenzayo efayilini, iarhente yerhafu ayinakufaka i-ENS. Isibhengezo siya kwaliwa, kwaye iimveliso ziya kugcinwa, nto leyo eya kukubiza imali yokugcina impahla kunye neentlawulo zokuhlawula ngaphezu kokulibaziseka kokususwa kwempahla.
Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukunika umntu ongafanelekanga i-EORI. Ngamanye amaxesha, abathumeli bacinga ukuba i-EORI yothutho lwabo ingasetyenziswa endaweni yenombolo yomngenisi. Le ayisiyondlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo. I-EORI kwisibhengezo sokungenisa impahla ibonisa ukuba ngubani umngenisi werekhodi, okanye umntu onoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lweemveliso kunye neerhafu kunye neerhafu ezihamba nazo. Nokuba ngubani umboneleli wezothutho othutha iimveliso, udinga inombolo yakho ye-EORI ukuba ungumthumeli werekhodi.
Ukukhetha i-Incoterms ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-EORI yenye impazamo. Abathengisi abavumelana nemigaqo ye-DDP ngaphandle kokufumana inombolo ye-EORI yaseJamani kuqala kwaye bengajonganga ukuba bakulungele na ukuthatha uxanduva lokubhalisa i-VAT badla ngokuzifumana bezama ukufumana iziqinisekiso zokuthobela imithetho phantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha, ngamanye amaxesha emva kokuba iimpahla sele zisendleleni. Xa uvumelana nemiqathango ye-DDP yokungeniswa kwe-EU, wenza isibophelelo esikhulu esifuna ucwangciso kwangaphambili kumacala omabini omthetho kunye noothutho.
Indlela iTopway Shipping exhasa ngayo ukuthobela kwakho ukungeniswa kwempahla eJamani
Ukuba ishishini lakho litsha ekungeniseni eJamani okanye kwi-EU ngokubanzi, imithetho nemigaqo inokuba yingxaki kakhulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa ujongene nababoneleli, isitokhwe, kunye nokuthengisa.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen kwaye ibisebenza ukusukela ngo-2010, yaziwa njengomboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce logistics eziwela imida kunye namava amaninzi okujongana nezi ngxaki. Iqela elisunguleyo linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 lisebenza nge-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-customs clearance. I-Topway yaqala eTshayina kwaye i-US Transportation yinxalenye nje yepotifoliyo yayo yenkonzo. Ngoku ilawula lonke uthotho lwe-logistics lwabathengi abathumela eYurophu, kubandakanya uthutho lokuqala ukusuka kumzi-mveliso okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla edibeneyo ukuya kwizibuko lokuhamba, phesheya kwezilwandle. ukugcina kwiindawo zokusasaza zaseYurophu, ukususwa kwerhafu kwindawo yokuqala neyayisiya kuyo, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okuhamba ikhilomitha yokugqibela kulo lonke elaseJamani nakwamanye amazwe ase-EU.
Enyanisweni, iqela leTopway elijongene nokususwa kwempahla linokunceda abangenisi bokuqala ukuba bazalise isicelo se-EORI. Baza kukuxelela ukuba leliphi ilizwe omawubhalise kulo ngokusekwe kwindawo oza kungenisa kuyo okokuqala, balungiselele kwaye baphonononge amaphepha eFomu 0870 kubafaki-zicelo abangengabo abe-EU, kwaye basebenzisane ne-IWM Zoll ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo sigqityiwe kwaye sicutshungulwa ngaphambi kokuba impahla yakho ifike. I-Topway inokunceda abathengi abasebenza nababoneleli baseTshayina kwiimeko ze-DDP baqonde umfanekiso obanzi, njengemida yokubhalisela i-VAT yaseJamani, iimfuno zearhente yezemali, kunye nokuhlelwa kwerhafu yokungenisa kwiintlobo ezithile zeemveliso.
Kwabathuthi abafuna ukuhambisa iimpahla ezininzi, iTopway ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ezinesiqulathi esipheleleyo (i-FCL) kunye ne-less-than-container-load (i-LCL) ukusuka kumazibuko aseTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu aseYurophu kuquka iHamburg, iRotterdam, kunye neFelixstowe. Ngalo mthamo weendlela ezininzi, abathengi banokusebenzisana neqabane elinye kuphela lezothutho ukusuka emnyango wefektri ukuya kwiziko lokuzalisekisa laseYurophu, endaweni yokuba badibane phakathi kwababoneleli abaliqela. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba kubekho izikhewu zoxwebhu kunye nokulibaziseka ekuthobeleni imithetho kumda.
Ukuqinisekisa nokulawula inombolo yakho ye-EORI
Inombolo yakho ye-EORI kufuneka ibe kuyo yonke ingxelo yerhafu oyenzayo, kuquka iingxelo zokungenisa nokuthumela impahla ngaphandle, iintshukumo zokuthutha, kunye nazo naziphi na izicelo zezigqibo zerhafu, ezifana nokufumana imeko ye-Authorized Economic Operator (AEO). I-portal ye-European Commission's Taxation and Customs Union inesixhobo sokuqinisekisa i-EORI esidlangalaleni esivumela nabani na ukuba ajonge ukuba inombolo ye-EORI iyasebenza na aze abone igama kunye nedilesi yomniniyo. Le yindlela eluncedo yokujonga amanani e-EORI amaqabane orhwebo ngaphambi kokwamkela iimpahla ze-DDP okanye ukuqesha ii-arhente zerhafu.
Ngenxa yokuba inkampani enye inokuba nenombolo enye esebenzayo ye-EORI ngexesha elinye—amasebe kunye neendawo ezisisigxina azinakuba namanani azo—ukugcina iirekhodi kubalulekile. Iinkampani ezikhule zaba ngamazwe angaphezu kwelinye e-EU ngaphambi kowama-2009 zisenokuba namanani amadala esizwe kwiirekhodi zazo. Ukuba i-IWM Zoll ifumana inkampani enenombolo engaphezulu kwenye ye-EORI kwixesha lotshintsho, iya kuqhagamshelana nayo ukuze izidibanise zibe yinombolo enye esebenzayo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba oku kungasebenza kwinkampani yakho, kungcono ukujonga imeko yakho yokubhalisa wedwa kunokulinda uphando lokuthobela umthetho.
isiphelo
Inombolo ye-EORI yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekuthotyelweni kwemithetho ye-EU, kodwa ikwayenye yezona zinto zilula ukuzilibala de ibe yingxaki enkulu. Kubantu abazisa iimpahla eJamani okokuqala, ukwazi ukuba yintoni, ngubani oyifunayo, indlela yokuzifumana, kunye nendlela ezihambelana ngayo nomfanekiso opheleleyo wemithetho nemigaqo (ICS2, VAT, HS codes, Incoterms) kungaphezulu nje komsebenzi we-bureaucratic. Yisiseko esenza ukuba ukuvunyelwa kwempahla kuhambe kakuhle, ngaphandle kwezohlwayo okanye ukulibaziseka.
Kuza kuba nzima kakhulu ukujongana nezithethe ze-EU emva kokuba i-ICS2 igqityiwe ngo-2025. Akukho ndawo ingako kunangaphambili yeendlela ezingezizo zomthetho ezazisetyenziswa ngabanye abathumeli kuba kufuneka bafake i-EORI yomthumeli kwizibhengezo zemithwalo kwangaphambili, imigangatho yekhowudi ye-HS iqinile, kwaye zonke iindlela zokuhambisa ngoku zigutyungelwe. Kubaluleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili ukufumana ubhaliso lwakho lwe-EORI ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulwenze kwangethuba.
Amanyathelo ayafana nokuba ungumenzi waseTshayina othumela isikhongozeli sakho sokuqala kumsasazi eHamburg, umthengisi we-e-commerce onqumla umda oseka ukuzalisekiswa kweYurophu, okanye uphawu lwehlabathi olufumana indlela yokufumana amaxabiso angcono erhafu yokungenisa ye-EU. Kufuneka ufumane ukuba ngubani oza kuba ngumngenisi orekhodiweyo, ufake isicelo se-EORI kwilizwe elililungu elifanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uthunyelwe okokuqala, uqinisekise ukuba iqabane lakho lezothutho linenombolo efayilini yokungeniswa kwe-ENS, kwaye usebenze nomboneleli wezothutho owazi yonke into malunga nokuthobela imithetho, kungekuphela nje ukuhamba kwempahla ngokwasemzimbeni.
FAQs
Q: Ngaba ndifuna inombolo eyahlukileyo ye-EORI kwilizwe ngalinye le-EU endingenisa kulo?
A: Hayi. Naliphi na ilizwe elililungu le-EU lingakunika inombolo ye-EORI elungileyo kuwo onke amazwe angama-27 angamalungu. Ukuba ungenisa ngeJamani, inombolo yakho ye-EORI yaseJamani iya kusebenza kwiimpahla ezithunyelweyo eFransi, eNetherlands, ePoland, okanye nakweyiphi na enye ilizwe le-EU.
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana inombolo ye-EORI eJamani?
A: Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zokusebenza ukuba amashishini akwi-EU afake izicelo kwi-intanethi nge-Zoll.de. Ukuba uyinkampani yangaphandle engekho kwi-EU kwaye uthumela ngeFomu 0870, kufuneka kuthathe iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10 zokusebenza. Faka isicelo kwangethuba ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwakho kokuqala, ubuncinane iiveki ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba uhambe ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Q: Ingaba inombolo ye-EORI iyafana nenombolo ye-VAT?
A: Hayi. Ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, zibhaliso olwahlukileyo. Igunya lerhafu likunika inombolo ye-EORI, eyisiqinisekiso sobunikazi berhafu. Igunya lerhafu likunika inombolo ye-VAT, eyirejista yerhafu. Iinkampani ezininzi zifuna zombini ezi zinto, kodwa zizifumana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Q: Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba impahla yam ifika eJamani ingenayo i-EORI esebenzayo?
A: Ukuba i-EORI yomthumeli ayikho okanye ayisebenzi, i-Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) iya kwaliwa. Oku kuyenzeka ngoku phantsi kwemigangatho ye-ICS2. Izinto ziya kugcinwa kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya okanye kwizibuko, kwaye kuya kufuneka bahlawulele indawo yokugcina. Kuya kufuneka ulinde ixesha elide ukuze ufumane imvume de unike i-EORI esebenzayo kwaye uthumele kwakhona isibhengezo.
Q: Ngaba iTopway Shipping ingandinceda ndifumane inombolo ye-EORI kwaye ndikhuphe iimpahla eJamani?
A: Ewe. I-Topway Shipping inika inkxaso epheleleyo, kuquka uncedo ngokususwa kwempahla, izicelo ze-EORI, ukuthuthwa kwempahla kwangoko, indawo yokugcina impahla kwamanye amazwe, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla kwangoko eYurophu. I-Topway ibikwishishini lezothutho kunye nelokuthutha impahla kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-15. Banceda iinkampani ukuba zilandele imithetho yokungenisa impahla ye-EU ukusuka ekuthunyelweni kokuqala.
Q: Ngaba inombolo ye-EORI iyaphelelwa lixesha?
A: Hayi. Akukho mhla wokuphela kweenombolo ze-EORI. Ukuba awuceli ukuba zirhoxiswe okanye ishishini lakho liyeke ukurhweba, ziya kuhlala zisebenza ngonaphakade. Emva kokurhoxiswa kobhaliso, i-customs igcina idatha iminyaka elishumi.
