Ukungena kwe-EU Customs ngePortugal: Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezilibazisa ukuVunywa
intshayelelo
IPortugal ayiseyilungu nje elincinci le-EU kunxweme lweAtlantiki. Amazibuko ayo anzulu, ngakumbi iSines, okwangoku yenye yezona ndawo zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiikhonteyina eYurophu, yenze indawo enkulu yokungena kweempahla kwimarike enye yaseYurophu. Imigca yokuthumela impahla ngqo evela eAsia, eMelika naseAfrika zonke zidibana kunxweme lwasePortugal. Ukusuka apho, iimveliso zithunyelwa ngendlela nangoololiwe ukuya eSpain, eFransi, nakwezinye iindawo ze-EU. Kwabangenisi kunye nabaphathi bezothutho, ukuhamba ngeLisbon, eSines, okanye eLeixões kunokunciphisa amaxesha okuhamba kunye nokuxinana kweemoto xa kuthelekiswa nee-hubs ezikumntla Yurophu.
Ungalisebenzisa eli thuba lobuchule kuphela ukuba wenza inkqubo yerhafu ngokuchanekileyo. IPortugal ilandela yonke imithetho yerhafu ye-EU, eyinkimbinkimbi. I-Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority — Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira — inyanzelisa izibhengezo zangaphambi kokufika, ilawula ukuchaneka kwamaxwebhu, kwaye isebenzisa uhlolo olusekelwe kumngcipheko olunokugcina izikhongozeli iintsuku okanye ngaphezulu. Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 2025, ukuqaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-ICS2 Release 3 kwenze kwaba yimfuneko kuzo zonke iintlobo zothutho ukuba zifake amaphepha angaphambi kokufika, nto leyo eye yenza kwaba nzima ukuba wonke umntu okwicandelo lokubonelela alandele imithetho.
Uninzi lwexesha, iimpazamo ezicothisa amasiko asePortugal zinokuphetshwa. Badla ngokwenza iimpazamo ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, njengokungafaki amaphepha afanelekileyo, ukungafaki ngexesha, okanye ukungaqondi imigaqo esebenza kwimeko yabo. Eli nqaku lichaza udidi ngalunye ngokweenkcukacha, lichaza isizathu sokuba zibangele ukulibaziseka ePortugal ngokukodwa, kwaye libonisa indlela amaqabane anamava okuthuthwa kwempahla afana neTopway Shipping anceda ngayo amashishini ukuba aziphephe ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziingxaki ezibizayo.
Kutheni iPortugal? Ukuqonda Imeko yeSango
Ngaphambi kokuba ubonise iimpazamo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kutheni iPortugal ithandwa kakhulu njengendawo yokungena kwi-EU kunye nokuba yintoni eyenza imeko-bume yayo yezerhafu yahluke kweyamanye amazwe angamalungu. I-Port of Sines yeyona ndawo iphambili ye-Portugal eneekhonteyina zamanzi anzulu. Ingaphatha iinqanawa ezinkulu kakhulu zemithwalo ezihamba ngqo ukusuka e-Asia ukuya eYurophu. Inezithuthi ezimbalwa kuneRotterdam okanye e-Antwerp, amazinga okuphatha akhuphisanayo, kunye nonxibelelwano olungcono lweendlela kunye noololiwe oluya eSpain. I-Lisbon iphatha ukusasazwa kwekhaya kunye nezithuthi ze-ro-ro, ngelixa i-Leixões (izibuko elibonelela ngePorto) liphatha uluhlu olubanzi lweekhonteyina, ubuninzi, kunye neempahla zokutya kwezolimo.
Ukuhambisa imithwalo ePortugal kunokunciphisa amaxesha okuhamba ngeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine xa kuthelekiswa nezisombululo zasentla ze-hub-then-truck zemithwalo eya kwiimarike zase-Iberia okanye ezikumzantsi Yurophu. Eli xesha liluncedo, kodwa liyaphela ngoko nangoko ukuba inkqubo yerhafu ayiphathwanga ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuze uphephe iingxaki ezilandelayo, kufuneka wazi indlela esebenza ngayo irhafu yasePortugal ngokweenkcukacha. Oku kuquka iinkqubo zokususa iimpahla eSines, indawo ye-AT yezibhengezo ze-elektroniki, kunye neziseko zokugcina impahla ezibotshelelweyo zezibuko.
| izibuko | uhlobo | Amandla Angundoqo | Itrafikhi Ephambili |
| IiSines (PSA) | Isitya samanzi anzulu | Ubuchule beenqanawa ezinkulu kakhulu; iinkonzo ezithe ngqo zaseAsia | Iikhonteyina zaseAsia-Yurophu; ukudluliselwa kwempahla |
| ILisbon (iZibuko laseLisbon) | Isikhongozeli ngokubanzi kunye neRoRo | Indawo esembindini; ukusasazwa kwekhaya | Iimpahla zabathengi; imakethi yasekhaya |
| ILeixões (iZibuko lasePorto) | Isikhongozeli & isambuku | Isango eliya kumantla ePortugal naseSpain | Ukutya kwezolimo; iimpahla zoshishino |
Abangenisi bempahla kwamanye amazwe bayamangaliswa ngumthetho eSines osebenza kuphela kwiimpahla ezithile. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezilawulwayo, ezifana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya, iikhemikhali, kunye neemveliso ezilawulwayo, kufuneka zidlule kwimirhumo eSines ngaphambi kokuba zithuthelwe kwiindawo ezomileyo ezifana neBobadela, iRiachos, okanye iValongo. Ukuba isicwangciso sokucoca impahla asizange simiselwe kwangaphambili, ikhonteyina ihlala nje echwebeni de kugqitywe amaphepha. Ukususela ngosuku lokuqala, iindleko zokunciphisa iindleko ziqala ukwanda.
Impazamo #1: Iingxaki zeNombolo ye-EORI
Lonke ishishini elingenisa iimpahla ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwe-EU kufuneka libe nenombolo yoBhaliso noLwazi lwaBasebenzi bezoQoqosho (i-EORI) esebenzayo. Le nombolo idibanisa isibhengezo ngasinye seempahla kunye nombutho othile osemthethweni. Inkqubo yesibhengezo se-elektroniki ye-portal yasePortugal AT iya kwala ngokuzenzekelayo ukungeniswa ukuba ayinayo i-EORI esebenzayo. Akuyi kubakho phononongo lomntu okanye ixesha lokukhululwa; umthwalo uya kumiswa kwangoko.
Kukho iimpazamo ezininzi ze-EORI ezidala ukulibaziseka ekusebenzeni kunokungabi nenombolo nje. Imeko eqhelekileyo kukuba amashishini anamaqela angaphezu kwelinye asemthethweni kumazwe ahlukeneyo e-EU asebenzisa i-EORI engalunganga yelizwe kwisibhengezo esithile. Ukuba usebenzisa i-EORI yaseJamani kwisibhengezo seerhafu zasePortugal kumntu obhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ePortugal, iya kubhaqwa. Iinkampani ezisandula ukuhlaziya, ukudibanisa, okanye ukutshintsha igama lazo elibhalisiweyo zinokufumanisa ukuba irekhodi lazo le-EORI alikahlaziywa kwisiseko sedatha seerhafu sase-EU. Oku kunokubangela ukungangqinelani okufuneka kulungiswe ngesandla.
Ukuba uthumela iimpahla ezivela ngaphandle kwe-EU ukuya ePortugal, njengabavelisi baseTshayina abathumela iimpahla ngeSines, umngenisi werekhodi kufuneka abe ne-EU EORI esebenzayo. Ukuba umthengi waseYurophu akakabhalisi okanye ukuba isibhengezo serhafu sidwelisa umntu wesithathu ongena-EORI esebenzayo, yonke inkqubo yokungenisa iyayeka. Ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ishiye izibuko layo lasekhaya, abathumeli abanobuchule bahlala beqinisekisa imeko ye-EORI. Le yinkqubo esisiseko abangayitsibiyo.
Impazamo #2: Iimpazamo zeKhowudi ye-HS kunye nokuHlukana kweeRhafu
Uhlu lwekhowudi yeHarmonized System (HS) lubangela ukulibaziseka okukhulu kwerhafu kunayo nayiphi na ingxaki yamaphepha. Ikhowudi yeHS igqiba ngexabiso lerhafu, indlela ephathwa ngayo i-VAT, imithetho ekufuneka ilandelwe, kunye nokuba into leyo iyafaneleka na ukufumana iirhafu eziphantsi. Ukuba uphosisa, kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinokwenzeka, njengokuhlawula isixa serhafu esingalunganga, ukuhlelwa ngokutsha ngexesha lokuhlolwa, ukutshintsha izibhengezo zakho, kunye nethuba lokwenyani lokungena enkingeni nomthetho.
Ukusebenzisa iikhowudi ze-HS ezineenombolo ezi-4 yeyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo eyenziwa ngabantu, nangona inkqubo ye-ICS2, ebisebenza ngokupheleleyo ukusukela ngoSeptemba 2025, ifuna ubuncinci iinombolo ezi-6 kwiSibhengezo sesishwankathelo sokuNgena. Esi asisosidingo sobuchwepheshe esingaqhelekanga; ngumthetho ongqongqo wokuqinisekisa. Inkqubo ye-ICS2 iyala ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthunyelwa kweekhowudi ezineenombolo ezi-4. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-ENS kufuneka ilungiswe kwaye ithunyelwe kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa inikwe imvume yokuya phambili. Ukuba impazamo ifunyenwe isondele kumhla wokufaka isicelo, inokubeka iflegi yokhuseleko kwaye ifune ukuhlolwa ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ukongeza kwiingxaki zokubala amanani, iimpazamo zokwenyani zokwahlulahlula nazo zixhaphakile. Iimveliso ezisemgceni phakathi kweendidi ezimbini zerhafu, njengempahla yelaphu eneempawu zobugcisa okanye inxalenye ye-elektroniki enokungena phantsi kwezihloko ezingaphezu kwesinye, kufuneka zijongwe ngononophelo ngokubhekiselele kwisiseko sedatha se-EU TARIC kunye nesikhokelo esifanelekileyo sokwahlulahlula. Isihloko esingalunganga sinokuba ngumahluko phakathi kwereyithi yomrhumo okhethwayo we-0% kunye nereyithi eqhelekileyo ye-12%, okanye sinokubeka izinto phantsi komda wemveliso okanye umlinganiselo wokuchasa ukulahla ngaphandle kwenjongo, nto leyo enokunciphisa isantya sokususwa ukuze kuhlolwe ngakumbi.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkampani zaseTshayina ezithumela izinto zabathengi ePortugal. I-EU ineerhafu zokulwa nokulahla impahla okanye ezinye iindlela zokulawula ukungeniswa kwempahla kwiimveliso ezininzi ezivela eTshayina. Ukuba ikhowudi ye-HS ayilunganga ngendlela ethintela la manyathelo okhuseleko, nokuba yenziwe ngengozi, iziphumo zimbi kakhulu kunokuba yenziwe ngabom.
Impazamo #3: Iifayile ze-ICS2 ezifike emva kwexesha okanye ezingaphelelanga
Ukususela nge-1 kaSeptemba 2025, inkqubo ye-ICS2 yeyona ndlela i-EU yokufumana ulwazi oluphambili lwempahla ukuze kuhlolwe ukhuseleko nokhuseleko. Yathatha indawo yenkqubo endala ye-ICS1 ngokupheleleyo. Phantsi kwe-ICS2 Release 3, yonke impahla ethunyelwa kwi-EU ngolwandle, ngendlela, ngololiwe, okanye ngomoya kufuneka ibe neSibhengezo esipheleleyo seSishwankathelo soNgeniso (ENS) esifakwe ngaphambi kokuba sifike. Imihla yokungenisa yahlukile kwindlela nganye kwaye ilandelwa ngokungqongqo.
| Imo yezoThutho | Umhla wokugqibela wokufaka izicelo ze-ENS | amaNqaku |
| Isikhongozeli solwandle olunzulu (esiya ePortugal) | Ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ifike kwizibuko le-EU | Isebenza kwiiSines, eLisbon, eLeixões |
| Inqanawa yolwandle olufutshane/yokondla | Ubuncinci iiyure eziyi-2 ngaphambi kokufika | Ixhaphakile kwii-feeders zangaphakathi kwe-EU ezivela kwii-hubs ze-Med |
| Imithwalo yendlela (ilori) | Iyure e-1 ngaphambi kokufika kumda wendlela we-EU | Isebenza kwiindlela zokunqumla umda womhlaba eSpain nasePortugal |
| Umthwalo kaloliwe | Iiyure ezi-2 ngaphambi kokufika kwindawo yokungena ngololiwe ye-EU | Igubungela ukungena koololiwe base-Iberia; ICS2 R3 iyasebenza ngokupheleleyo ukususela ngoSeptemba 2025 |
| Uloyiko lomoya | Ngaphambi kokuba kulayishwe kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya sokuqala (i-PLACI) + i-ENS epheleleyo | I-ICS2 Release 1 kunye ne-2 iyasebenza ukusukela ngo-2021/2023 |
Inkqubo ye-ICS2 ayithathi nje kuphela nayiphi na idatha ethunyelwa kuyo. Ijonga yonke i-ENS ngokuchasene neskimu esetiweyo kunye noluhlu "lwamagama okumisa" angavakaliyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba athathwe njengeenkcazo zeempahla. Amagama aqhelekileyo anje "ngeempahla," "impahla," "impahla," okanye "iinxalenye" ngaphandle kolwazi olongezelelekileyo yimizekelo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba isicelo se-ENS sinegama lokumisa kuyo, siyaliwa kwaye kufuneka sithunyelwe kwakhona. Ukuba inqanawa sele ihambile, ukuthunyelwa kufika ngaphandle kwe-ENS esebenzayo kwaye ngoko nangoko kuxhomekeke ekuhlolweni okuphuculweyo.
Imfuneko yokufaka impahla kwinqanaba lendlu yabathumeli bempahla kunye nabadibanisi bempahla yenye yezona nguqu zibalulekileyo kwiRelease 3. Xa ukuthunyelwa kudityanisiwe, umthwali uthumela idatha ye-ENS yenqanaba eliphambili. Kodwa ngoku umthumeli wempahla okanye umdibanisi unoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuthumela idatha yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwinqanaba lendlu kwimpahla nganye eyinxalenye yokuhlanganiswa. Xa iRelease 3 yaphuma ngo-2024–2025, uninzi lwabathumeli abancinci babengekakulungeli lo msebenzi. Abanye basaqhubeka nokucubungula ukuthunyelwa okudityanisiweyo ngaphandle kokufaka amaphepha afanelekileyo endlu. Ukuba umthumeli wakho akahlangabezani neemfuno ze-ICS2 Release 3, impahla yakho isengozini enkulu kumda wasePortugal.
Impazamo #4: Imiba ye-invoyisi kunye ne-Valuation
Yonke ingxelo yerhafu iqala nge-invoyisi yorhwebo. Njengazo zonke ii-EU zolawulo lwerhafu, i-Portugal custom iyayisebenzisa ukujonga ukuba ixabiso lerhafu elibangwayo lichanekile na, ukuba inkcazo yemveliso iyahambelana neemveliso ezibonakalayo, kwaye ukuba intengiselwano iyahambelana namanye amaxwebhu okuthumela. Iimpazamo kwi-invoyisi azibangeli nje kuphela abantu abasebenza apho; zezona zizathu ziphambili zokuba uhlolo lwerhafu kunye nophando lwenzeke emva kokuba iimpahla zisusiwe.
Eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo ngee-invoyisi kukungachazwa kwexabiso, nto leyo ekwayiyo efumana ingqalelo enkulu. Indlela yexabiso lentengiselwano ye-UCC ithi i-invoyisi kufuneka ibonise ixabiso elihlawulweyo okanye elifanele ukuba lenziwe ngezinto. Le yindlela i-customs yasePortugal exabisa ngayo iimveliso. Iinjini zeprofayili yomngcipheko we-EU zenzelwe ngokucacileyo ukufumana le patheni: xa amaxabiso achaziweyo ehla rhoqo kunexabiso lemarike elaziwayo lohlobo olufanayo lwempahla, isibhengezo sigcinwa ukuze sihlolwe ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokuhlolwa okunokwenzeka. Iziphumo zinokuba yiyo nantoni na ukusuka kuvavanyo olutsha lomsebenzi ukuya kuphando olusemthethweni, kuxhomekeke ekubeni isibhengezo esingaphantsi besiyingozi okanye akunjalo.
Ukungangqinelani kweenkcazo nako kuxhaphakile, kodwa akumangalisi kangako. Ukuba uluhlu lokupakisha ludwelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso ezineekhowudi ezininzi ze-HS kodwa i-invoyisi yorhwebo izibiza ngokuba “ziinxalenye ze-elektroniki,” amasiko anokuthi abambe ide ingxaki ilungiswe. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuba kukho umahluko kwinani lezinto ezikwi-invoyisi kunye ne-bill of lading, nokuba yinto encinci ebangelwa kukujikeleza okanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubala iiyunithi, kuya kwenziwa isicelo sengcaciso, esiya kongeza ubuncinane usuku olunye ukuya kwezintathu kwixesha lokukhululwa.
Inkalo esebenzayo abayilibalayo abantu abaninzi abathumela impahla: kwaneesampuli, izixhobo zokwazisa, kunye nezipho kufuneka zixatyiswe ngokuchanekileyo. Amasiko asePortugal awavumeli iingxelo "ezingenaxabiso lorhwebo" kwizinto ezinokubonakaliswa ukuba zinexabiso lemarike. Ukungaziniki ezi mpahla ixabiso elaneleyo okanye ukuzishiya ngaphandle kubonwa njengempazamo kuxabiso, kungekhona ukukhululwa okusemthethweni.
Impazamo #5: Uxwebhu lwemvelaphi olungekhoyo okanye olungachanekanga
IPortugal lilungu le-EU, oko kuthetha ukuba iimpahla ezingena kweli lizwe ngamazibuko ayo zinokukwazi ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-EU yeZivumelwano zoRhwebo oluKhululekileyo (ii-FTA) namanye amazwe amaninzi. I-China ayinaso isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo (ii-FTA) ne-EU okwangoku, kodwa izinto ezininzi ezivela kumazwe aseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, eIndiya, kumazwe aliqela aseAfrika, nakwamanye amazwe amaqabane e-FTA zinokufumana amaxabiso aphantsi okanye zingabikho ukuba zinokubonisa ubungqina bokuvela kwazo.
ISatifikethi seMvelaphi sisemthethweni kuphela ukuba sivela kwigunya elisemthethweni kwilizwe elithumela ngaphandle, sihambelana nezinto kunye nobungakanani obudweliswe kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo, kwaye asiphelelwa lixesha. Kukho iimfuno ezahlukeneyo xa izatifikethi zokuhamba ze-EUR.1, izatifikethi ze-Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), kunye nezibhengezo zomthengisi zisebenza, kwaye azinakusetyenziswa endaweni yazo. Impazamo eqhelekileyo kukubonisa uhlobo olungalunganga lwesatifikethi se-FTA efanelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iirhafu eziqhelekileyo zeMost Favoured Nation (MFN) zihlawuliswa endaweni yexabiso elikhethekileyo, elinokuba ngumahluko omkhulu kwixabiso.
Umxholo wokuba impahla ivela phi uba nzima ngakumbi xa idlula kwilizwe lesithathu ngaphambi kokuba ifike ePortugal. Ukuba iimveliso ezivela eTshayina zidlula eSingapore okanye kwiziko leMeditera ngaphambi kokuba zifike eSines, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla kufuneka kube kukudluliselwa ngqo ngaphandle kokulungiswa. Imithetho malunga nokuba izinto zivela phi itshintsha ngokupheleleyo ukuba ziye zacutshungulwa okanye zatshintshwa kakhulu ngelixa zisesendleleni. Amagosa erhafu ayazi ngokuguqulwa kwemvelaphi esekwe kukudluliselwa kwempahla kwaye anika ingqalelo ngakumbi kwizibhengezo apho indlela yokuthunyelwa kwempahla ingahambelani ngokucacileyo nemvelaphi echaziweyo.
Impazamo #6: Inkqubo yoThutho kunye nokusilela kwesiqinisekiso
Ayizizo zonke iimpahla ezidlula ePortugal ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabantu basePortugal. Zingena kwi-EU eSines okanye eLeixões zize emva koko ziye eSpain, eFransi, okanye kwamanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU ngendlela okanye ngololiwe njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuthutha yangaphandle ye-EU. Le nkqubo ivumela iimveliso ukuba zidlule kwimida emininzi yerhafu ngaphandle kokuhlawula irhafu kuyo nganye, lo gama nje kubekwa isiqinisekiso semali sokugubungela uxanduva olunokwenzeka lokuthwala ngelixa izinto zisendleleni.
Enye yezona mfuno zokuthobela imithetho ezingakhathalelwanga kwi-EU logistics ewela imida yimfuneko yesiqinisekiso sokuthutha. Esi siqinisekiso kufuneka sifakwe kwi-ofisi yerhafu yokuhamba (kule meko, indawo yokungena yasePortugal) kwaye kufuneka sihlawule yonke imali yerhafu kunye ne-VAT enokuba yimali efunekayo kwiimpahla ngelixa zisendleleni. Inkqubo yokuthutha ayinakuqala ukuba isiqinisekiso asanelanga, nokuba singakanani okanye sinjani. Izinto ziya kuhlala zimi kwizibuko lokungena. Ukuba ufuna imali eninzi yokuthunyelwa okanye iimpahla ezineerhafu eziphezulu, kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukuseta isiqinisekiso ukuba awucwangcisi kwangaphambili.
Enye ingxaki ayikokukhupha impahla ehanjiswayo. Inkqubo yokuthutha impahla kufuneka ivalwe ngokusemthethweni xa impahla ifika kwiofisi yayo yerhafu kwi-EU. Ukuba oku akwenzeki ngenxa yempazamo eyenziwe lulawulo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo, okanye umthwali wempahla ongazange asebenzisane nomthengisi werhafu yendawo, ukuthutha impahla kuhlala kuvuliwe kwaye umqinisekisi wemali unoxanduva. Oku kubeka umthengisi werhafu kunye nomphathi wesiqinisekiso emngciphekweni ngokusemthethweni nangokwezimali, kwaye kungathatha iiveki ukubuya nokubuya nabasemagunyeni berhafu ukuze kulungiswe loo nto.
Isishwankathelo: Iimpazamo eziphambili kunye nefuthe lazo ngokukhawuleza
Itheyibhile engezantsi idibanisa izizathu eziphambili zokulibaziseka ekuthethwa ngazo kweli nqaku, kunye nezinye iindlela zokulibaziseka ezinokubakho ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela amasiko asePortugal aqhuba ngayo izinto ngoku. Ezi ndlela zisekelwe kwingcinga yokuba ingxaki ifunyenwe kwaye ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba iingxaki azilungiswanga, amaxesha amiselweyo anokuba made kakhulu kunezo zimelweyo.
| Impazamo / Umngcipheko | Ukulibaziseka Okuqhelekileyo Kongeziwe | Iziphumo |
| Inombolo ye-EORI engekho okanye ayichanekanga | Iintsuku ze-1-5 zeentsuku | Isibhengezo saliwe; ukuthunyelwa kumisiwe |
| Ikhowudi ye-HS engalunganga okanye enamanani ama-4 (ICS2 ifuna enamanani ama-6) | Iintsuku ze-2-7 zeentsuku | Ukwaliwa kwe-ENS; into enokubangela uhlolo |
| I-ENS ifakiwe emva kwefestile yokunduluka kwenqanawa | Ubuncinane beeyure ezingama-24–72 | Iflegi yokhuseleko; ukuhlolwa okunyanzelekileyo ngokomzimba |
| I-invoyisi engaxatyiswanga kakuhle okanye engangqinelaniyo | Iintsuku ze-3-10 zeentsuku | Uphicotho-zincwadi lwerhafu; ukuhlaziywa kwerhafu; izohlwayo |
| Isatifikethi semvelaphi esingekhoyo kwirhafu ekhethekileyo | Iintsuku ze-1-5 zeentsuku | Kusetyenziswa irhafu epheleleyo ye-MFN endaweni yerhafu yokukhetha |
| Isiqinisekiso sokuhamba asifakwanga okanye asanelanga | Iintsuku ze-1-4 zeentsuku | Inkqubo yothutho ivaliwe; uxanduva lwezemali |
| Ukususwa kwempahla ethile eSines akulungiselelwanga | Iyaguquguquka; ingaba ziintsuku ezi-3–7 nangaphezulu | Isikhongozeli sibanjwe echwebeni; iindleko zokunciphisa iindleko |
Uluhlu lokuHlola amaxwebhu okungena kwiCustoms ngePortugal
Le theyibhile ingezantsi sisikhokelo esiluncedo samaphepha aphambili afunekayo ukuze kugqitywe ngerhafu kwizibuko zasePortugal. Uxwebhu ngalunye luneemfuno zalo ezingaphaya kokuba nalo nje kuphela. Ulwazi olukwixwebhu ngalinye lubaluleke njengokuba nalo.
| Uxwebhu | Iinkcukacha zeMfuneko | Impazamo eqhelekileyo |
| I-invoyisi yentengiso | Inkcazo epheleleyo yemveliso, ikhowudi ye-HS, ixabiso elibhengeziweyo kwi-EUR/USD, iinkcukacha zomthengi nomthengisi, inombolo ye-VAT ukuba iyafumaneka | Iinkcazo ezingacacanga; ukungangqinelani noluhlu lokupakisha |
| Uluhlu lokupakisha | Ubunzima benqanaba lento, ubukhulu, ubungakanani; kufuneka buhambelane ngqo ne-invoyisi | Umahluko wobungakanani okanye ubunzima |
| IBill of Lading / AWB | Ikhutshwe ngumthwali; umntu othunyelweyo i-EORI kufuneka abhekiselwe kuye | Iinkcukacha ezingalunganga zomthumeli; isalathiso se-EORI asifumaneki |
| Uxwebhu olunye loLawulo (SAD) | Ukungeniswa nge-elektroniki ngePortal ye-Portuguese AT; kufuneka kulandele ukufika kwenqanawa | Ukufakwa emva kwexesha; ukungafani kwedatha ne-carrier manifest |
| Isatifikethi seMvelaphi (EUR.1 / Ifomu A) | Kufuneka kwiimfuno zomsebenzi okhethekileyo; kufuneka zikhutshwe liqumrhu eligunyazisiweyo kwilizwe elithumela ngaphandle | Isatifikethi esiphelelwe lixesha; igunya lokukhupha elingafanelekanga |
| Isibhengezo sesishwankathelo soNgeniso lwe-ICS2 (ENS) | Ukufaka isicelo ngaphambi kokufika; Iikhowudi ze-HS ezinamanani ama-6 ziyafuneka; zifakwe ngumthwali okanye ngumthumeli | Iikhowudi ze-HS ezineenombolo ezi-4; ukungeniswa emva kwexesha; amagama okumisa kwinkcazo yeempahla |
| Ilayisenisi yokungenisa impahla / Isiqinisekiso seMveliso | Iyimfuneko ekutyeni, kwiikhemikhali, kwiimveliso zamayeza, kwiimpahla zeCITES, nakwezinye iindidi ezilawulwayo | Ayinakwa impahla elawulwayo; iilayisenisi eziphelelwe lixesha |
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa KweTopway Okukunceda Ngayo Ukususa Amasiko AsePortugal Ngaphandle Kokulibazisa
I-Topway Shipping ibisoloko inikezela ngezisombululo zobungcali zothutho lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida ukusukela ngo-2010. Iofisi yayo ephambili iseShenzhen, eTshayina. I-Topway iyazi ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kuyabambeka kwaye iindleko ziyanda xa iinkqubo zothutho lwe-EU zinzima. Iqela labasunguli bale nkampani linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwihlabathi lokwenyani kuthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla ye ...
Iingxaki zamaxwebhu ezikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku, ezinje ngokuthobela i-ICS2 ENS, ukuchaneka kwekhowudi ye-HS, ukuhambelana kwe-invoyisi, ukuqinisekiswa kwesatifikethi semvelaphi, kunye neziqinisekiso zokuhamba, azikho nje imiba yemithetho yethiyori. Ezi ziindawo ngqo apho ulwazi lweTopway malunga nokususwa kwempahla kwirhafu lwenza umahluko othe ngqo nolinganisekayo. Kubathengisi baseTshayina abathumela impahla eYurophu ngePortugal, ukukwazi ukudibanisa ulwazi malunga nokususwa kwempahla eTshayina kunye nolwazi lweenkqubo zokungenisa impahla ze-EU yikona okuthintela izikhongozeli ukuba zingalindeli eSines ngelixa amaphepha elungiswa ngokukhawuleza.
I-Topway inikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo zothutho, kubandakanya uthutho lokuqala oluvela kwisityalo okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla eTshayina, elunxwemeni lolwandle. ukugcina ukhetho, uncedo olupheleleyo lokususa imithwalo kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kunye nokuhanjiswa okukhawulezileyo kwiindawo zaseYurophu. Le nkampani ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha iinqanawa zaselwandle eziguquguqukayo ze-FCL (Full Container Load) kunye ne-LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka amazibuko asePortugal. Oku kwenza kube lula kumashishini ayo yonke imilinganiselo kunye nomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukuba asebenze ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esinye, esidibeneyo sezothutho.
Kumashishini athumela imithwalo ngePortugal, ukulungelelaniswa kweTopway kweefayile ze-ICS2 ngaphambi kokufika, amalungiselelo okususwa kwempahla ethile eSines, kunye nolawulo lwesiqinisekiso sokuthutha luhlobo lwenkonzo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni eguqula izibonelelo zesicwangciso-qhinga sesango lasePortugal zibe ngamathuba oshishino lokwenyani endaweni yamathuba anokubakho nje.
Umfanekiso Omkhulu: Ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho ye-EU ngo-2025 nangaphaya
Imithetho yokungenisa iimpahla kwi-EU ngePortugal itshintshe kakhulu kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kwaye iya kuhlala itshintsha. Ukuqaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-ICS2 Release 3 kuzo zonke iindlela zothutho ngoSeptemba 2025 lolona tshintsho lukhulu kwiimbopheleleko zolwazi lwempahla oluphambili lwe-EU kwiminyaka engama-20. Inguqulelo yamva nje yonxibelelwano lwe-ICS2 (v3) yaqala ukusebenza nge-3 kaFebruwari 2026. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi bezoqoqosho ababengazange batshintshe iinkqubo zabo ze-IT ngaphambili kwafuneka benze njalo ngoko nangoko okanye babeke emngciphekweni wokuba iifayile zabo zingamkelwa.
I-EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) nayo iyanda. I-CBAM ngoku isebenza kwintsimbi, i-aluminium, isamente, izichumisi, amandla, kunye ne-hydrogen. Abangenisi bezi zinto kwi-EU kufuneka babe ngababhengezi ababhalisiweyo kwaye babonise idatha eqinisekisiweyo yokukhupha ukungcola minyaka le. Uninzi lweempahla zabathengi azikagutyungelwa, kodwa inkqubo ngokucacileyo yenzelwe ukukhula. Amaqela e-logistics ajongana nezinto ezifakwayo kwimizi-mveliso okanye izixhobo kufuneka ahlale ejonge ngononophelo uphuhliso lwe-CBAM njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sabo sokuthobela imithetho.
I-arhente yerhafu yasePortugal ibeka imali ekucutshungulweni kwekhompyutha kunye nokubhalwa kweprofayili ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko. Amaxesha aphakathi okususwa kwerhafu kwizibuko zasePortugal aye ephucuka kubathumeli abangenisa impahla abanembali yokuthobela imithetho ecocekileyo, njengeekhowudi ze-HS ezichanekileyo, ukulinganiswa kwexabiso okuzinzileyo, kunye namaxwebhu apheleleyo. Okuchaseneyo nako kuyinyaniso: abaqhubi abenza iimpazamo ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo bahlolwa rhoqo, kwaye olu hlolo luyanda ngokuhamba kwexesha. Akupheleli nje ekulandeleni imithetho yomthwalo ngamnye; kukwamalunga nokwakha unxibelelwano nenkqubo yerhafu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kuyacaca ukuba oku kuthetha ukuthini kumashishini: ukufumana imvume ngokuchanekileyo kwimpahla ePortugal akuthethi nje ukuphepha ukulibaziseka komthwalo omnye. Kuthetha ukufumana igama elihle ngenkqubo yempahla ukuze yonke impahla emva koko ikhawuleze kwaye ikhuseleke. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufika apho kukusebenza namaqabane ezothutho anamava, alandele imithetho ye-ICS2, kwaye azi indlela yokuphatha amaphepha kwasekuqaleni.
isiphelo
Njengoko kufikwa kwi-EU, amazibuko asePortugal aneengenelo zokhuphiswano, ezinje ngomthamo wamanzi anzulu eSines, amaxesha okuthutha akhawulezayo ukuya kwiimarike zase-Iberia, kunye neziseko ezingcono ngaphakathi. Kodwa ukuba nje indawo yokungena kulula ukufikelela kuyo akuthethi ukuba imithetho yerhafu yemarike enye ye-EU kulula ukuyiqonda. Imicimbi efanayo ecothisa ukuhamba kweenqanawa zasePortugal yenzeka kwiindawo zokungena zerhafu ze-EU kuyo yonke indawo: amanani e-EORI angachanekanga, iikhowudi ze-HS ezingalunganga, iifom ze-ICS2 ezifike emva kwexesha okanye ezingaphelelanga, ii-invoyisi ezingahambelaniyo, amaxwebhu emvelaphi angekhoyo, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwesiqinisekiso sokuthutha. IPortugal yahlukile kuba inemigangatho ethile yokucoca iimpahla eSines kwaye inyanzelisa ngokupheleleyo i-ICS2 Release 3 kuzo zonke iindlela zothutho. Oku kuphakamise umgangatho wokuthobela umthetho kubo bonke abangenisi kunye nabathumeli abasebenzisa le ndlela.
Impendulo ayinzima: yazi into ekufuneka uyenze, qiniseka ukuba amaphepha akho achanekile, faka izibhengezo zangaphambi kokufika ngexesha kunye nalo lonke ulwazi oluchanekileyo, kwaye usebenzisane namaqabane ezothutho aziyo indlela yokulandela imithetho yerhafu ye-EU kuzo zombini iziphelo zekhonkco lokubonelela. Indlela yenkonzo ye-Topway Shipping ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni, esuka kwimizi-mveliso yaseTshayina ukuya kwimayile yokugqibela eYurophu, ihlangabezana nezi mfuno ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuvumela amashishini ukuba asebenzise indawo yePortugal enobuchule ngaphandle kokuhlawula ukulibaziseka okuvela kwizikhewu ekuthobeleni imithetho.
Ukuba inkampani yakho ifuna ukukhulisa indawo yayo kwi-EU ngokusebenzisa amazibuko asePortugal ngo-2025 nango-2026, icebiso elihle kukuqwalasela ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yerhafu njengeziseko zophuhliso, kungekhona into eza kuvela kamva. Indleko yokwenza into engalunganga kumda isoloko iphezulu kuneendleko zokuyifumana ngokuchanekileyo.
FAQs
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukucocwa kwerhafu kwizibuko zasePortugal ezifana neSines okanye iLeixões?
A: I-portal ye-Portuguese AT idla ngokucubungula izibhengezo kwaye ithumele imiyalelo yokukhululwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-72 emva kokungeniswa, lo gama nje onke amaphepha echanekile kwaye egqityiwe. Ukuba kufuneka uhlolo olubonakalayo, banokongeza ezinye iintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe zomsebenzi. Xa iifayile ze-ICS2 ENS zangaphambi kokufika zithunyelwa ngexesha kwaye onke amaxwebhu ehambelana, ukuvunywa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza.
Q: Yintoni i-ICS2 ENS kwaye kutheni ibalulekile kwiimpahla ezingena ePortugal?
A: Isibhengezo sesishwankathelo sokuNgena (i-ENS) sisibhengezo esinyanzelekileyo sokhuseleko nokhuseleko ekufuneka senziwe ngaphambi kokuba naziphi na iimveliso zingene kwi-EU. Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 2025, xa i-ICS2 Release 3 yaqala ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, i-ENS kufuneka ifayilishwe ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa, ilori, uloliwe, okanye inqwelo-moya ifike. Kukho imihla eyahlukeneyo yendlela nganye yokuthutha. Kufuneka ibe neekhowudi ze-HS ezipheleleyo ezinamanani ama-6 kunye neenkcazo zeempahla ezilandela imithetho. Ukuba i-ENS ayikho, ifike emva kwexesha, okanye ayilunganga, iimpawu ezenzekelayo ziyaphakama ezinokukhokelela ekuhlolweni okufunekayo ngokomzimba.
Q: Iimpahla zam zivela eTshayina, engenazo i-EU FTA. Ngaba ndisadinga iSatifikethi soMvelaphi?
A: Ukuba iimpahla zivela eTshayina, azidingi Siqinisekiso soMvelaphi esikhethekileyo kuba akukho FTA. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso, zisenokufuna Siqinisekiso soMvelaphi esiqhelekileyo ngenxa yezizathu zezibalo, zokulwa nokulahla impahla, okanye ukujongana nokungeniswa kwayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isibhengezo somvelaphi sichanekile, ingakumbi kwiimpahla ezicutshungulwe okanye ezithunyelwe ePortugal ngaphambi kokuba zifike apho.
Q: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndisebenzisa ikhowudi ye-HS enamanani ama-4 kwifayile yam ye-ICS2 ENS?
A: Ukuba iimpahla zivela eTshayina, azidingi Siqinisekiso soMvelaphi esikhethekileyo kuba akukho FTA. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso, zisenokufuna Siqinisekiso soMvelaphi esiqhelekileyo ngenxa yezizathu zezibalo, zokulwa nokulahla impahla, okanye ukujongana nokungeniswa kwayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isibhengezo somvelaphi sichanekile, ingakumbi kwiimpahla ezicutshungulwe okanye ezithunyelwe ePortugal ngaphambi kokuba zifike apho.
Q: Ngaba iTopway Shipping ingaphatha inkqubo epheleleyo yokususwa kwempahla kwiimpahla ezingena ngePortugal?
A: Ewe. I-Topway Shipping ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezipheleleyo zothutho, kuquka uthutho lokuqala eTshayina, ukususwa kwerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa kolwandle ukuya kumazibuko asePortugal, ukususwa kwerhafu yokungenisa i-EU, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-1st miles. I-Topway ibikwishishini lothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 kwaye igxile ekuthobeleni imithetho ye-over-mida. Njengenxalenye yenkonzo yayo epheleleyo, iphatha iifayile ze-ICS2, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhowudi ye-HS, ukulungiswa kwamaxwebhu, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwesibhengezo sokungenisa.
Q: Yintoni isiqinisekiso sokuthutha impahla kwaye ndisidinga nini xa iimpahla zingena ngePortugal?
A: Xa iimpahla zingena kwi-EU ngenkqubo yokuthutha yangaphandle kwaye ziya kwelinye ilizwe eliliLungu le-EU, isiqinisekiso sokuthutha sisiqinisekiso semali esinikwa amagunya eerhafu zasePortugal. Sigubungela irhafu enokubakho kunye ne-VAT enokuhlawulwa ngelixa kuthuthwa. Ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokuthutha iqale kwizibuko lokungena lasePortugal, isiqinisekiso kufuneka simiselwe. Inkqubo yokuthutha ayinakuqala ukuba ayanelanga okanye ayikho endaweni, kwaye iimveliso zihlala kwizibuko lokungena.
