Ukusuka kwiFektri eGuangdong ukuya eDoorstep eParis: Ukuhamba Kwamanyathelo Ngamanyathelo Kokuthunyelwa Kwe-DDP Oversize
intshayelelo
Ukuhambisa isofa, i-treadmill okanye i-rack yemizi-mveliso ukusuka kwisityalo eGuangdong ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlala lomthengi wokugqibela eParis ayingomsebenzi olula wezothutho. Oko kuthetha ukuba izibhengezo zokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthutha ngolwandle, ukususwa kwerhafu ye-EU, iirhafu zokungenisa impahla eFransi, ukuhlawulwa kwe-VAT kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okuhlala kufuna ukubekwa kwe-aphoyintimenti kunye nokuphathwa kweglavu emhlophe. Uninzi lweengxaki zezothutho kule ndlela azibangelwa yindlela yolwandle ngokwayo, kodwa zibangelwa yinto eyenzekayo kuzo zombini iindlela.
I-DDP, okanye i-Delivered Duty Payed, yi-Incoterm ekhethwayo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla ezinkulu kakhulu ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi kuba izisa zonke ezo nkqubo phantsi kweqela elinye elinoxanduva. Umthengi uhlawula ixabiso elinye kwaye umboneleli wezothutho unyamekela okuseleyo ukusuka ekuthathweni kwempahla efektri ukuya ekuhanjisweni emnyango. Eli nqaku likuhambisa kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo ngokweenkcukacha ezichanekileyo nezisebenzayo—kwenzeka ntoni kwaye kutheni, apho ukulibaziseka kwenzeka khona, kunye nendlela abathumeli abanamava abafana neTopway Shipping abaphepha ngayo oko kulibaziseka ekubeni kongeze ukusilela okubizayo.
Ukuba ungumthengisi we-e-commerce ohamba ngaphesheya kwemida uthumela ifenitshala ngqo kubathengi baseFransi, umthengisi we-B2B othumela kwakhona iziko lokuhambisa eParis, okanye umqhubi wewebhusayithi ozimeleyo owakha i-logistics stack yakho ukususela ekuqaleni, ukuqonda olu hambo kuya kukwenza ukwazi ukuxoxisana ngamaxabiso angcono, uphephe iimpazamo ezinokuthintelwa, kwaye ubeke ulindelo olusengqiqweni nabathengi bakho.
Oko Kuthethwa Yi-DDP Kwi-Oversize Cargo - Kwaye Kutheni Inzima Kakhulu Kunokuba Abantu Bacinga
Uninzi lwabantu luyayazi i-DDP kwinqanaba eliphambili: umthengisi uhlawula yonke into. Kodwa kwimithwalo emikhulu kakhulu - izinto ezinkulu kunemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo ye-courier kwaye zihlala zithunyelwa nge imithwalo yolwandle – I-DDP ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo ngokwemigangatho nezo zikwimeko yephasela okanye ipakethi encinci.
I-DDP ithetha ukuba umthengisi waseTshayina okanye iarhente yakhe yezothutho iba ngumthengisi werekhodi eFransi. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka babe okanye baqeshe ummeli wezemali onenombolo ye-VAT esemthethweni yaseFransi, bazalise isibhengezo serhafu, bahlawule zonke iindleko zokungenisa ezisebenza phantsi kwe-EU Common External Tariff kwaye bahlawule i-20% French TVA (VAT) ngaphambi kokuba iimveliso zikhutshwe kwirhafu. Kwizinto ezinkulu kakhulu - ifenitshala, izixhobo zokomelela, izitulo zokumasaja, izixhobo ezinkulu - icandelo lokuthutha lodwa libaluleke ngokwaneleyo ukutshintsha ixabiso lerhafu, njengoko iFransi isebenzisa indlela ye-CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) yokumisela iindleko. Isiseko esirhafiswayo asikokuphela kweendleko zefektri kodwa nakwimpahla kunye ne-inshurensi yamazwe ngamazwe ukuya kuthi ga kwizibuko lokuqala lokungena le-EU.
Kukwakho nomlinganiselo wokuthobela imithetho ukongeza kulowo wemiba enxulumeneyo. Iimveliso ezinkulu zabathengi ezingeniswa eFransi zinokufuna uphawu lwe-CE, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zombane zinokufuna ubhaliso lwe-WEEE okanye ukulebhelwa okuthile ngesiFrentshi. Ngamaxesha athile, uphando oluchasene nokulahla inkunkuma luchaphazela amacandelo afana nefenitshala, iimveliso zentsimbi kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi. Ukususela ngo-2024 ukuya phambili, amagunya erhafu yaseFransi aceba ukwandisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa kwexabiso eliphantsi eTshayina (okuxabisa i-EUR 2.5 yeebhiliyoni kwiimveliso ezithinjiweyo ngenxa yokungabi naxabiso eliphantsi ngo-2024 kuphela), okwenza amaxwebhu afanelekileyo angabi yinto yokuzikhethela kodwa abe yingozi kubangenisi.
Ukuhamba kweNyathelo ngeNyathelo: Ukusuka kwiSango leFactory ukuya kwiParis Doorstep
Inyathelo 1 — Ukuhlolwa kokuLandwa kweFektri kunye nokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kokuthunyelwa eGuangdong
Le nkqubo iqala kwiifektri, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino zasePearl River Delta eGuangdong – iindawo ezifana neFoshan (ifenitshala), iZhongshan (izibane), iDongguan (izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zokuzilolonga) kunye neGuangzhou ngokwayo. Umphathi weempahla, iTopway Shipping, emva koko unika iqabane lothutho lwasekhaya ukuba lithathe impahla evela kumgangatho wokuvelisa. Akusiyonto yokuthumela iveni nje yezinto ezinkulu. Umphathi weempahla kufuneka ajonge ubungakanani kunye nobunzima obupheleleyo kwangaphambili, agcine ilori efanelekileyo enebhedi ethe tyaba okanye eneekhethini, kwaye aqinisekise ukuba impahla ipakishwe kakuhle kwaye ikhuselekile kuhambo lwaselwandle oluthatha iiveki.
Lixesha lokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, hayi emva kokufakwa. I-Topway Shipping ijonga imithwalo njengokubala iiyunithi, ukujonga umgangatho wokupakisha, ukufota ukuthunyelwa kunye nokujonga iimpawu zebhokisi, iileyibhile zekhowudi ye-HS kunye nawo nawaphi na amaxwebhu okuthobela umthetho afunekayo ngaphambi kokuba imoto ihambe kwindawo yokusebenza. Ukufumana impazamo apha kuthatha iiyure ezimbalwa. Ukuyifumana kwiLe Havre Customs kuthatha iiveki.
Inyathelo lesi-2 — Isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle kunye neSivumelwano seeRhafu zaseTshayina
Nje ukuba ifike kwindawo yokugcina impahla edityanisiweyo kufutshane nezibuko lokuhamba, ngokuqhelekileyo iShenzhen, iGuangzhou okanye iNansha, inkqubo yoxwebhu lokuthumela ngaphandle iyaqaliswa. Oku kuquka ukuvelisa i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha kunye nebhili yemithwalo; ukujonga ikhowudi ye-HS ngokuchasene neeshedyuli zerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseTshayina kunye neeshedyuli zerhafu yokungenisa ye-EU; kunye nokugqibezela isibhengezo serhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye ne-customs yaseTshayina (GACC).
Okwangoku, udidi olufanelekileyo lwe-HS lubaluleke kakhulu. Ikhowudi ye-HS efanelekileyo ngokupheleleyo kwisibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle saseTshayina inokutsala irhafu yokulwa nokulahla impahla okanye ibhendi yerhafu ephezulu ukuba ikhowudi efanayo icutshungulwa ngamasiko aseFransi. Abathumeli abanamava bajonga zombini iziphelo ngaxeshanye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha banikezela ngohlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo ngokomthetho nolunenzuzo ngakumbi phantsi kweTariff yeCustoms ye-EU.
Inyathelo lesi-3 — Ukulayisha iiPort kunye nokuThuthwa kweeLwandle
Kwimithwalo emikhulu kakhulu esuka eGuangdong ukuya eFransi, imithwalo yolwandle idla ngokuba yintsika yohambo. Iindawo eziphambili zokulayisha imithwalo zaseTshayina kule ndlela yiShenzhen (iindawo zokugqibela zaseYantian okanye zaseShekou), iGuangzhou Nansha, iShanghai kunye neNingbo. KwiFrance izibuko lokukhupha impahla lidla ngokuba yiLe Havre (indawo yokungena eyintloko kumantla naphakathi eFransi) okanye iMarseille (kumazantsi eFransi nakwiMeditera).
Ixesha lokuhamba ukusuka kwizibuko laseGuangdong ukuya eLe Havre ngemithwalo yaselwandle ngokuqhelekileyo lithatha iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-40 kwiinkonzo zokuthutha ngqo okanye zokuthutha kanye. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukususela ngo-2023, iindlela ezininzi zeChina-Europe zeekhonteyina zitshintshiwe ukusuka kwikhorido yeSuez Canal/Red Sea ukuya kwindlela ende yeCape of Good Hope, zongeza malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-14 kumaxesha okuhamba xa kuthelekiswa neziseko zangaphambi ko-2023. Oku kunyuse ixesha eliqhelekileyo le-DDP ukusuka kumlinganiselo oqhelekileyo weentsuku ezingama-45-50 ukuya kwinto efana neentsuku ezingama-50-65 kwiinqanawa zanamhlanje.
Ukuba uneempahla ezinkulu eziziinye – nantoni na enkulu kunobungakanani bezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiikhonteyina eziqhelekileyo, njengeenxalenye zoomatshini bemizi-mveliso okanye iiphaneli zefenitshala ezinkulu – ungadinga izikhongozeli ezingaphandle kwegauge (OOG) okanye izikhongozeli ezisicaba. I-Topway Shipping inyamekela iziqwenga zomthwalo ezifikelela kwiitoni ezisi-8 ubunzima kunye neemitha ezisi-8 ubude. Oku kunyamekela uninzi lweendidi zabathengi kunye neendidi zemizi-mveliso elula.
Oku kulandelayo sisishwankathelo sexesha lokuhamba ngemithwalo yaselwandle kunye noluhlu lweendleko eziqhelekileyo kwiindlela eziphambili kule ndlela:
| Umzila | Ixesha lokuhamba (Iintsuku) | Uhlobo lweContainer | Ixabiso Eliqikelelweyo (i-USD/CBM, i-LCL) | amaNqaku |
| Shenzhen → Le Havre | 32-38 | FCL/LCL | I-USD 80-160 | Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuthutha impahla eGuangdong |
| Guangzhou Nansha → Le Havre | 33-40 | FCL/LCL | I-USD 75-155 | Ilungele iifektri zasePearl River Delta |
| Shanghai → Le Havre | 28-35 | FCL/LCL | I-USD 70-150 | Amanani okhuphiswano, amaxesha amaninzi aqinileyo |
| Ningbo → Le Havre | 30-37 | FCL/LCL | I-USD 72-152 | Ihlala isetyenziswa kwimithwalo edibeneyo |
| Shenzhen → Marseille | 32-40 | FCL/LCL | I-USD 80-165 | Ingcono ekuhanjisweni kwempahla emazantsi eFransi |
| Nasiphi na izibuko → iFransi (uLoliwe) | 30–45 (inani lilonke) | I-LCL ikhethwayo | I-USD 90-180 | Uloliwe ophakathi kweTshayina neYurophu odlula eAsia Ephakathi |
Qaphela: Amaxabiso e-LCL abonisa ubungakanani be-cubic meter nganye kwimpahla eqhelekileyo. Amaxabiso e-FCL akwi-container engama-40ft ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eRotterdam/Le Havre ayekwi-USD 2,000-2,200, ehlile ukusuka kumanqanaba aphezulu ka-2024, ekuqaleni kuka-2026. Iindleko eziqhelekileyo ze-DDP ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi: I-USD 150 ukuya kwi-USD 350 nge-cubic meter nganye kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezigqithisileyo kuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zempahla, indawo yokuhambisa kunye neenkonzo ezifunekayo.
Inyathelo lesi-4 — Ukufika eFrench Port kunye nokulungiselela kwangaphambili ukuVula
Ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ifike eLe Havre okanye eMarseille, abasebenzi baseYurophu abajongene nemithwalo yempahla bafaka isibhengezo sokungenisa impahla. Imithwalo yempahla yaseFransi (iDouane Française) iphantsi kwe-EU's Union Customs Code (UCC). Ukufaka isicelo ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ifike kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulibaziseka kwizibuko kwaye kuncede ekuchongeni nasekuphatheni naziphi na iingxaki ezifana neekhowudi ze-HS ezingachanekanga, ukungabikho kweziqinisekiso zokuthobela imithetho kunye nemibuzo yexabiso ngelixa inqanawa iseselwandle, kunokuba ibe emva kokuba ibekwe echwebeni.
Kukule xesha langaphambi kokugqitywa kwesivumelwano apho umgangatho womthamo werhafu yaseYurophu yomthumeli ubalulekile. I-Topway Shipping ineziseko zayo zokucoca irhafu kumazwe angama-25 e-EU, kuquka neFransi, oko kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi bokucoca irhafu abangomthengisi wesithathu one-reactivity eguquguqukayo, kodwa bayinxalenye ethe ngqo yekhonkco lokusebenza. Le nkampani ikwabonelela ngenkonzo yokucoca irhafu kabini ye-DDP, oko kukuthi isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle saseTshayina kunye nesibhengezo sokungenisa saseFransi zikhathalelwa yinkampani ngenkqubo enye.
Inyathelo lesi-5 — Intlawulo yeFrench Customs Clearance kunye neDuty/VAT
Ukuvunyelwa kwempahla enkulu evela eTshayina eFransi kubandakanya iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zezibophelelo zemali. Okokuqala, izinga lerhafu yokungenisa impahla ngokwalo, elitshintsha ngokwekhowudi ye-HS kwi-EU Common External Tariff. Ifenitshala evela eTshayina idla ngokuhlawuliswa irhafu ukusuka kwi-0% ukuya kwi-5.6% kuxhomekeke kwimveliso. Izixhobo zokuzilolonga ezifana nee-treadmills kunye nee-ellipticals zihlala ziphakathi kwe-0% kunye ne-2.7%. Izixhobo ezinkulu zikho kuyo yonke indawo. Olu didi beluphandwa ngokuchasene nokulahla impahla ngaphambili, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuluhlulahlula ngokuchanekileyo.
Okwesibini, ixabiso lerhafu, njengoko kubonisiwe apha ngasentla, ngokwe-CIF, lixhomekeke kwi-French TVA ye-20 ekhulwini. Kwimpahla apho imithwalo yamazwe ngamazwe iyinxalenye enkulu yexabiso lilonke, oku kunyuswa kwe-CIF kunyusa isiseko se-VAT kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa noko umthengisi anokuyiqikelela ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lomzi-mveliso kuphela. Okwesithathu, nayiphi na irhafu efanelekileyo yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma okanye ukulahla inkunkuma yongezwa kwirhafu eqhelekileyo. Ezi zinokuba zibalulekile - kwezinye iindidi zefenitshala kunye neemveliso zentsimbi, iindleko zokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma bezisoloko ziyi-30% ukuya kwi-60% yexabiso lerhafu.
Phantsi kwemithetho ye-DDP, umntu othumela impahla uhlawula ezi ntlawulo kumthengisi waseTshayina njengenxalenye yexabiso lilonke le-DDP, aze emva koko athumele imali ngqo kwi-customs yaseFransi. Umthengi waseFransi akakuboni oku, ufumana nje izinto zakhe. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu othumela impahla kufuneka aqikelele ngokuchanekileyo zonke izinto ezintathu zeendleko. Ukuba i-quote yenziwe ngexabiso le-CIF eliqikelelweyo ngaphantsi okanye ikhowudi ye-HS ichazwe kakubi, ityala le-customs liya kuba ngaphezulu kokuqokelelwa (uxanduva lomntu othumela impahla phantsi kwe-DDP).
Nanku umzekelo wokubala okulula kweentlawulo zerhafu kwimpahla eqhelekileyo yokuthumela impahla enkulu:
| ixabiso Component | Umzekelo wexabiso (USD) | Isiseko sokubala | amaNqaku |
| Ixabiso leFektri (FOB) | 3,000 | Ixabiso le-invoyisi | Ixabiso lorhwebo elibhengeziweyo |
| UThutho loLwandle lwaMazwe ngaMazwe | 650 | I-LCL okanye i-FCL yahlulwe | Yongezwe kwixabiso leerhafu phantsi kweCIF |
| Intlawulo yeinshurensi | 45 | ~0.5% yexabiso lomthwalo | Yongezwe kwixabiso leerhafu phantsi kweCIF |
| Ixabiso leSiko leCIF | 3,695 | FOB + Freight + Inshorensi | Isiseko serhafu seerhafu kunye ne-VAT |
| Umrhumo wokungenisa impahla (umz. 3.7%) | 137 | CIF × izinga lomsebenzi | Kuxhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-HS; iyahluka |
| I-TVA yaseFransi (20%) | 766 | (CIF + Umsebenzi) × 20% | i-VAT kwi-CIF + nayiphi na irhafu ehlawulwayo |
| Ixabiso lilonke lokufika (i-DDP) | 4,598 | Isimbuku sayo yonke into engasentla + imayile yokugqibela | Umthengi akahlawuli nto yongezelelweyo |
Inyathelo lesi-6 — Uthutho lwangaphakathi kunye nokuhanjiswa kweekhilomitha zokugqibela eFransi
Nje ukuba zihlawulwe zonke iirhafu zerhafu, iimveliso ziyakhululwa ukusuka echwebeni ukuya kwinethiwekhi yabathwali basekhaya baseFransi. Ukuthutha ukusuka eLe Havre ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwempahla eParis kuthatha malunga neeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngemoto. Kodwa imayile yokugqibela yempahla enkulu ayifani kakhulu nokuhanjiswa kweepasela rhoqo ngeendlela uninzi lwabathumeli abangazithandiyo.
Izinto ezinkulu ezithunyelwa ekhayeni eParis okanye kummandla wesixeko zidla ngokufuna ukuhanjiswa kwesivumelwano, ukulungelelaniswa kokuthwala okanye ukunyuswa kwezinyuko, ukuhlanganiswa kweeglavu ezimhlophe (ifenitshala) okanye ukususwa kwenkunkuma emva kokukhupha impahla. Umthamo wokuthwala wezakhiwo zokuhlala zaseParis, ukuhanjiswa kwezithuthi ezinkulu ezithwala impahla kwizitrato ezimxinwa, kunye nemiqathango yobukhulu beelifti kwizakhiwo zeeflethi ezindala zexesha laseHaussmann zonke ziyimingeni yokusebenza ekufuneka ilindelwe ngumnikezeli weenkonzo zokugqibela ofanelekileyo kunokuba asabele kuyo.
Inethiwekhi yeTopway Shipping eFransi ibonelela ngeenkonzo ze-B2B kwiidilesi zorhwebo, iinkonzo ze-B2C kubathengi bezindlu zokuhlala kunye nokuhanjiswa kwee-aphoyintimenti ezicwangcisiweyo, indawo abakhetha ukuyibeka kuyo, kunye neendlela zeenkonzo ezimhlophe. Kubathengisi be-e-commerce abathumela ngqo kubathengi baseFransi, olu mgangatho weenkonzo ze-last mile ngokubanzi luyimbangela yokuqala yolonwabo lwabathengi kunye namazinga okubuya.
Amaxwebhu abalulekileyo afunekayo kwinqanaba ngalinye
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi kuvelisa iseti echanekileyo yamaxwebhu kwinqanaba ngalinye kuluhlu. Amaphepha angekhoyo okanye angachanekanga nakweyiphi na inyathelo anokubangela ukulibaziseka kokuphela kwesakhiwo. Oku kulandelayo sisishwankathelo samaxwebhu abalulekileyo kunye nexesha elifunekayo:
| Isigaba | Uxwebhu | Ikhutshiwe ngu | Amanqaku Abalulekileyo |
| Ifektri/Ukuthumela ngaphandle | I-invoyisi yentengiso | Umthumeli-mpahla waseTshayina | Kufuneka ibonakalise ixabiso lokwenyani elithelekiswa ne-CIF; ukungazixabisi ngokwaneleyo kubangela ukujongwa kwezithethe zaseFransi |
| Ifektri/Ukuthumela ngaphandle | Uluhlu lokupakisha | Umthumeli-mpahla waseTshayina | Kufuneka uchaze ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani, ubunzima, kunye nenani leepakeji |
| Ifektri/Ukuthumela ngaphandle | Thumela isibhengezo seCustoms | Umthumeli (CN) | Ikhowudi ye-HS kufuneka ihambelane nohlelo lokungenisa lwe-EU |
| Uhambo loLwandle | Umthetho osayilwayo woMthwalo (B / L) | Umzila wokuThumela | Ukukhululwa kwe-B/L okanye i-Telex yokuqala kuyafuneka ukuze kufunyanwe imvume yerhafu kwindawo oya kuyo |
| Amasiko amaFrentshi | IsiBhengezo sokungeniswa ngaphandle (SAD) | Umthumeli (i-EU) | Ifakwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo yeFrench DELTA; kufuneka ibandakanye inombolo ye-EORI yokungenisa irekhodi |
| Amasiko amaFrentshi | Isatifikethi semvelaphi | Umthumeli-mpahla waseTshayina | Kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwerhafu ye-MFN; ingasuswa kwiindidi ezithile zemveliso |
| Amasiko amaFrentshi | Isatifikethi se-CE / Amaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho | kumvelisi | Kuyimfuneko kwiindidi zeemveliso ezilawulwayo (i-elektroniki, oomatshini, amathoyizi, njl.njl.) |
| Amasiko amaFrentshi | Isatifikethi seinshurensi | Umkhuseli | Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe icandelo lomshuwalense lovavanyo lwe-CIF |
| Imayile yokugqibela | Isaziso sokuHanjiswa (i-CMR) | Umthwali weFrench | Isayinwe ngumamkeli njengobungqina bokuhanjiswa; ibalulekile ekusombululeni amabango omonakalo |
Apho Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Kulibaziseka Khona — kunye Nendlela Yokuthintela Oko
Ukuqonda ngokwethiyori ukuhamba kwempahla kuyanceda. Kuluncedo ngakumbi ukubona apho iphela khona xa isebenza. Kwindlela ye-DDP esuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi, ukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngokugqithisileyo kudla ngokuhlanganisana kwiindawo ezine ezinengxaki ezifanayo.
Eyona nto ibangela ukulibaziseka kukungahlelwa kakuhle kwekhowudi ye-HS. Ukuba ikhowudi ye-HS ebhengeziweyo ayisiyo leyo ithathwa ngamasiko aseFransi njengezinto, ukuthunyelwa kufakwa kwinkqubo yokubuza okanye yokumisa enokongeza iveki enye ukuya kwezintathu kwixesha elibekiweyo. Isisombululo kukuqinisekiswa kwangaphambili kokuvunyelwa kwezinto ngaphambi kokuba ziphume eTshayina, ukujonga ikhowudi ye-HS yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseTshayina ngokuchasene ne-EU Combined Nomenclature ngaphambi kokubhukisha, kungekhona emva kokufika.
Into yesibini ebangela ukulibaziseka kukunqongophala kwamaxwebhu. Ukungabikho kwezatifikethi zomshuwalense, ii-invoyisi ezingasayinwanga, izatifikethi zokumakisha ze-CE ezingagubungeli imodeli ethile ethunyelwa ngaphandle - nayiphi na kwezi inokuthintela ukususwa kwenqanawa. Abathumeli abanamava benza uluhlu lokuhlola amaxwebhu ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ihambe, hayi xa ifika eLe Havre.
Okwesithathu, imibuzo yokungaxabisi ixabiso. Ukususela ngo-2024, amagosa erhafu eFransi ebesebenza kakhulu ekubuzeni amaxabiso afunwayo kwiimveliso ezivela eTshayina, ingakumbi ifenitshala, izixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zokuzilolonga. Ukuba ixabiso lefektri elifunwayo libonakala lingahambelani nexabiso leempahla ezifanayo kwimarike, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto kuyagxininiswa ukuze kujongwe ngokusondeleyo. Ukhuseleko lokwenyani kuphela ngamaxwebhu achanekileyo, akhuselekileyo, axhaswa yisivumelwano sokuthenga sokwenyani, iirekhodi zokudluliselwa kwentambo kunye ne-invoyisi yorhwebo esekelwe kumaxabiso emarike.
Okokugqibela, kwicala laseFransi, ukusilela kwe-last mile ngumthombo ongaphantsi kwexabiso kunye nokungoneliseki kwabathengi. Kubathengisi be-e-commerce be-B2C, imizamo yokuhambisa ayiphumelelanga kuba i-flat lift incinci kakhulu, umthengi akakho ekhaya, okanye i-carrier ayinayo i-white-glove ekwaziyo ukukhokelela kwiindleko zokuhambisa kwakhona, iifizi zokugcina, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemali. Umahluko onokulinganiswa: Usebenzisa i-carrier enesiseko sokwenyani se-last mile kwiimveliso ezinkulu eFransi, ayisiyo i-parcel courier eqhelekileyo eyenzelwe izinto ezinkulu.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Eziphezulu Okuhambelana Ngayo Nolu Luhambo
I-Topway Shipping yasungulwa ngo-2010 eShenzhen kwaye inamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 ekusekeni uthotho lwezothutho oluhambelana nobunzima bokusebenza obukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Le nkampani yasekwa liqela elinamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 ekusebenzeni ngezandla kwizothutho zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, ingakumbi kwiindlela zokuhamba ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu. Ngelixa abathengisi bempahla abaqhelekileyo bephatha imithwalo emikhulu njengecala eliphambili kwimisebenzi yabo eqhelekileyo ye-FCL, i-Topway Shipping yakhe yonke indlela yayo yoyilo lwenkonzo ejikeleze loo nto.
Amandla aphambili okusebenza kokuthunyelwa kwe-DDP enkulu eFransi zezi: isibhengezo sokuthumela impahla eTshayina ngaphakathi; ukususwa kwempahla e-EU ngaphakathi kumazwe angama-25 aseYurophu kuquka neFransi; inkonzo yokukhupha impahla kabini ye-DDP egubungela zombini iziphelo zorhwebo phantsi koxanduva oludibeneyo; inethiwekhi yokugqibela enokuhanjiswa kwee-aphoyintimenti, iiglavu ezimhlophe kunye nokukwazi ukuhambisa impahla kwindawo yokuhlala ye-B2C; kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha impahla enye ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezisi-8 ubunzima kunye neemitha ezisi-8 ubude.
I-Topway Shipping inikezela ngazo zonke iindlela zothutho: uthutho lwaselwandle (i-FCL kunye ne-LCL ezivela kuzo zonke izikhumulo ezinkulu zaseTshayina), imithwalo kaloliwe kwiindlela zaseTshayina-eYurophu kunye nokuthunyelwa ngenqwelo moya kwiimpahla ezingxamisekileyo okanye ezinexabiso eliphezulu, kunye neenkonzo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya eYurophu kubathengisi abafuna ukwahlula uthutho lwaselwandle kumjikelo wokugqibela wokuhanjiswa. Lulo olu lawulo oluvela ekupheleni lwekhonkco lezothutho, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kuluhlu lwabanini-zinkontileka, oluvumela inkampani ukuba ibonelele ngexesha eliqikelelweyo enokuyifikelela, endaweni yoqikelelo oluwohlokayo xa idibana nenyani.
Kubathengisi befenitshala, izixhobo zokuzilolonga, izixhobo zasekhaya ezinkulu kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo ezinkulu ezithunyelwa kubathengi baseFransi, iTopway Shipping liqabane lezothutho elaziyo kungekuphela nje iindlela zokuthutha impahla kodwa nemicimbi yezorhwebo ebandakanyekayo, kuquka unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi komgangatho wokugqibela kunye namaxabiso okubuya kwemveliso kwimarike yaseFransi.
Ukukhetha iNdlela yokuThutha eyiyo yoThutho lwakho oluKhulu
"Ayizizo zonke iimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu ezivela eGuangdong ukuya eFransi ekufuneka zithunyelwe ngolwandle. Ixhomekeke kumlinganiselo wobunzima bempahla xa ithelekiswa nexabiso layo, isantya ekufuneka zithunyelwe ngaso, ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa kwayo kunye nomdla womthengisi wokufuna umngcipheko. Oku kulandelayo sisishwankathelo sokuthelekisa:
| Imo yezoThutho | Ixesha lokuHamba (umnyango ukuya emnyango) | Ixabiso leNqanaba | Eyona ilungiselelwe | Ukuqwalaselwa Okubalulekileyo |
| UThutho eLwandle (FCL) | Iintsuku eziyi-50-65 | Elona lisezantsi ngeCBM | Iivolumu ezinkulu, izikhongozeli ezigcweleyo, ifenitshala, izixhobo ezinzima | Ifuna ubuncinci bomthamo; ixhomekeke ekulibazisekeni kwendlela yoLwandle oluBomvu |
| UThutho eLwandle (LCL) | Iintsuku eziyi-55-70 | Phantsi (nge-CBM nganye) | Iibhetshi ezincinci ezinkulu, i-1–5 CBM, ukuthunyelwa okuvavanywayo | Ukulayisha kunye kongeza ixesha; umngcipheko wokuphatha imithwalo uphezulu kune-FCL |
| Uthutho lukaloliwe (LCL) | Iintsuku eziyi-30-45 | phakathi | Imithwalo ephakathi ifuna ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kuneyolwandle | Eyona ilungileyo kwiindawo ze-EU ezivaliweyo; ilungele umzila we-China-Poland-Paris |
| Uloyiko lomoya | Iintsuku eziyi-7-12 | Phezulu | Izinto ezinkulu, ezingxamisekileyo, nezikhaphukhaphu kakhulu | Ixabisa kakhulu kwizinto ezinzima; imida yobunzima |
Kwiimveliso ezininzi zabathengi ezinkulu ezithuthwa ukusuka eGuangdong ukuya eParis, ezifana neeseti zefenitshala, izixhobo zokomelela kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya ezinkulu, i-LCL okanye i-FCL yokuthutha ulwandle iseyeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kwezoqoqosho. Ukuthutha ngololiwe kubonelela ngesiseko esiphakathi sokuphinda kuzaliswe izinto ezichaphazela ixesha ezingangqinelaniyo neendleko zokuthutha ngomoya. Ukuthutha ngomoya kudla ngokusetyenziselwa izinto ezingasetyenziswayo, iimveliso ezifunekayo ngokukhawuleza okanye izinto ezinexabiso eliphezulu apho umngcipheko wokulibaziseka ungaphezulu kwexabiso lempahla.
isiphelo
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP enkulu kakhulu ukusuka kumzi-mveliso eGuangdong ukuya emnyango eParis ngumsebenzi wolungiselelo onamanqanaba amaninzi oquka ubuncinane amanqanaba amathandathu ahlukeneyo okusebenza, amagunya amabini erhafu, iindlela ezininzi zothutho kunye noluhlu lweemfuno zoxwebhu oluye lwaba nzima ngakumbi ngonyaka ngamnye olandelelanayo wokuqinisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-EU. Ukuqonda olu mjikelo ngokweenkcukacha akuyonto ibalulekileyo engqondweni, yimfuneko yokucaphula ngokuchanekileyo, ukubonelela ngokuthembekileyo nangokukhusela umda kuyo yonke imithwalo.
Inzuzo yokukhuphisana kule ndlela kukuba ababoneleli bezothutho bakhe iziseko zophuhliso eziyinyani nezidibeneyo kulo lonke uthotho: ukususwa kwerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokungenisa ngaphakathi, amandla aqinisekisiweyo okuthwala imithwalo emikhulu, iinethiwekhi zaseYurophu ezifikelela kumgama wokugqibela ezinokwamkela ukuhanjiswa kwempahla kwiindawo zokuhlala, kunye nolwazi lweziko lokuqikelela nokusombulula iindlela ezithile zokusilela eziveliswa lolu didi rhoqo. I-Topway Shipping ichithe iminyaka eli-15 iseka ezo ziseko zophuhliso kunye nobuchule obupheleleyo bezithethe ezithile zaseFransi, izakhiwo zomsebenzi kunye nezothutho ezifikelela kumgama wokugqibela, nto leyo ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla sisiseko sokusebenza emva kwesicatshulwa ngasinye se-DDP esinikezelwa yinkampani.
Kubathengisi nabangenisi abathe batshiswa ziindlela zothutho ezingacacanga, amatyala eerhafu angalindelwanga okanye ukusilela kweekhilomitha zokugqibela eFransi, indlela eya phambili kukuphatha i-DDP kungekhona njengexabiso kwiphepha leebhidi, kodwa njengomthamo wenkonzo oza kuphandwa kwaye uqinisekiswe. Buza umntu othumela impahla yakho oza kufaka isibhengezo seerhafu zaseFransi. Buza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ikhowudi yakho ye-HS iyaphikiswa. Buza ukuba ngubani umqhubi weekhilomitha zokugqibela kwaye ukuba bayangena kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseParis. Impendulo yale mibuzo mithathu iya kukuxelela okungakumbi malunga nokuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwakho kwe-DDP kunalo naluphi na uqikelelo lwexesha lokuhamba.
FAQs
Q: Yintoni ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP, kwaye yahluke njani kwi-DAP okanye kwi-FOB kwimithwalo emikhulu?
A: I-DDP (Delivered Duty Payed) ithetha ukuba umthengisi okanye umboneleli wakhe wezothutho uya kulawula zonke iindleko kunye neengozi ezivela kumzi-mveliso waseTshayina ukuya kwidilesi yomthengi eFransi kubandakanya ukususwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle, iindleko zerhafu zaseFransi, i-VAT kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okukhawulezileyo. Phantsi kwe-DAP, umthengi unoxanduva lokususwa kwempahla kunye nentlawulo yemisebenzi. Kwi-FOB, umthengi uthatha uxanduva emva kokuba izinto zilayishwe enqanaweni eTshayina. Abathengi baseFransi ngokubanzi bakhetha i-DDP yemithwalo emikhulu ukuze baphephe iingxaki zeenkqubo zerhafu zaseFransi, ezinokuba nzima kubantu abangenisa impahla abangengabo abe-EU, kunye nokuba namaxabiso apheleleyo acace gca kwangaphambili.
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yolwandle ye-DDP ukusuka eGuangdong ukuya eParis ngo-2026?
A: Okwangoku, uninzi lweempahla zaselwandle ezithunyelwa kwiizibuko zaseGuangdong ukuya eParis zithatha phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-50-65 ukuya kwindlu ngendlu ngendlela yeCape of Good Hope, kubandakanya ukucutshungulwa kweechweba, ukususwa kweerhafu zaseFransi (iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 zokusebenza kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo), kunye nokuhanjiswa kokugqibela. Ngokutsho kweTopway Shipping, phantse i-91% yeempahla zayo zeDDP ezithunyelwa eFransi zigqitywa kwiintsuku ezingama-45-55 kwiindlela ezilungisiweyo. Sebenzisa isiphelo esiphezulu se-spectrum ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo (ngaphambi koNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina kunye nomjikelo wokubuyisela izinto kwi-Agasti-Septemba).
Q: Zeziphi iirhafu zokungenisa impahla zaseFransi kunye ne-VAT endimele ndizilindele kwifenitshala okanye kwizixhobo zokomelela umzimba ezivela eTshayina?
A: IFransi isebenzisa i-EU Common External Tariff. Ifenitshala evela eTshayina idla ngokuhlawulelwa irhafu yokungenisa impahla ukusuka kwi-0% ukuya kwi-5.6% ngokusekwe kudidi oluchanekileyo lwemveliso kunye nekhowudi ye-HS. Izixhobo zokomelela ezifana nee-treadmills kunye noomatshini be-elliptical zihlala zikwinqanaba le-0% ukuya kwi-2.7%. I-French TVA (VAT) yi-20% kwizinto ezininzi, ibalwa ngokwexabiso le-CIF customs kunye nazo naziphi na iindleko zokungenisa impahla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ixabiso le-CIF liquka imithwalo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-inshurensi, kungekuphela nje ixabiso lefektri, elinokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwizinto ezinkulu, ezinzima apho imithwalo ixabisa kakhulu.
Q: Ngaba ndifuna inombolo ye-VAT yaseFransi ukuze ndithumele i-DDP eFransi isuka eTshayina?
A: Ewe. Ngokwesigama se-DDP, umngenisi werekhodi eFransi ngumthengisi wempahla eTshayina okanye umthengisi weempahla zabo, ekufuneka abe nenombolo ye-VAT esemthethweni yaseFransi okanye amisele ummeli wezemali. I-Topway Shipping ineziseko zayo zokucoca irhafu ze-EU zangaphakathi eFransi nakwamanye amazwe angama-24 e-EU, ngoko ke abathengisi baseTshayina ngabanye abasebenzisa inkonzo ye-DDP yeTopway akufuneki babhalisele i-VAT yaseFransi ngokwabo.
Q: Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umthwalo wam omkhulu wonakele ngexesha lokuthutha ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi?
A: Ngokwemigaqo ye-DDP, umthengisi unoxanduva lomonakalo ngexesha lonke lokuthuthwa kwezinto de zifike kwidilesi yomthengi. Oku kwenza ukuba izinto zibe yimfuneko. i-inshurensi yempahla ezibalulekileyo – ngokufanelekileyo zigubungela lonke iindleko zokutshintsha kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo kuquka impahla kunye nempahla yerhafu. Kwimpahla ethunyelweyo ye-DDP, ixabiso eliqinisekisiweyo kufuneka libe yindleko yonke yokufika, hayi ixabiso lefektri. I-Topway Shipping icebisa ukuba iqinisekise zonke izinto ezithunyelwayo ezinkulu apho impembelelo yemali yelahleko iya kuba nkulu ngokusebenza kwaye ilawula i-inshurensi njengenxalenye yenkonzo yayo ye-DDP ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni.
