Ixabisa malini imithwalo kaloliwe esuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK? Uhlalutyo olusebenzayo
intshayelelo
Ukuba uzisa iimpahla ezivela eTshayina e-UK, ngokuqinisekileyo uyazi ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukufumanisa ukuba kuza kubiza malini ukuthunyelwa. Ukuthunyelwa ngololiwe kuphakathi kwendlela yokuthutha elwandle, engabizi kakhulu kodwa icothayo, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngomoya, ekhawulezayo kodwa ibiza kakhulu. Uninzi lwabathumeli bempahla bavile ngeendlela zikaloliwe zaseTshayina-eYurophu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"China Railway Express" okanye "i-Iron Silk Road." Nangona kunjalo, abazi ukuba ixabisa malini imithwalo kaloliwe, ukuba ifunyanwa njani, okanye ukuba kunini apho ifanelekileyo ukuyisebenzisa.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza ukuba kubiza malini ukuthumela iimpahla ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK ngolwimi olulula nolwemihla ngemihla. Siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni eyenza ixabiso ngesikhongozeli ngasinye kunye ne-cubic meter nganye, siyithelekise nolwandle nomoya, kwaye sikubonise indlela yokutolika ixabiso ukuze wazi ukuba lixabiso elifanelekileyo na. Siza kuthetha nangeentlawulo ezongezelelweyo eziqhelekileyo ezinyusa iindleko zakho zomhlaba, ezifana nezithethe, ukuphathwa, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweekhilomitha zokugqibela e-UK.
Kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukujonga ixabiso likaloliwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK ekugqibeleni kwaye ungalazi nje ixabiso elisisiseko, kodwa nokuba yintoni equkiweyo, yintoni engekhoyo, kunye nendawo onokuphucula kuyo.
Ukuthunyelwa kwemithwalo kaloliwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK ngamafutshane
Uthutho lwezithuthi phakathi kweTshayina ne-UK luhamba kakhulu ngemijelo kaloliwe ephakathi kweTshayina neYurophu, edibanisa izixeko zangaphakathi zaseTshayina ezifana neChengdu, iChongqing, iXi'an, iZhengzhou, okanye iWuhan kunye namasango aseYurophu afana neDuisburg, iHamburg, iMałaszewicze, okanye iWarsaw. Ukusuka apho, iimpahla ziya e-UK ngololiwe okanye ngelori ngokusebenzisa amazibuko kunye neetheminali eziquka iFelixstowe, iLondon Gateway, okanye iidepothi zangaphakathi.
Amaxesha okuhamba kwezi ndlela adla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-25 ukusuka emnyango ukuya emnyango, nangona kunjalo oku kunokutshintsha ngokusekelwe kwiindawo ezithile zokuqala nezokuphela, ukususwa kwerhafu, kunye nokudluliselwa kwezithuthi endleleni. Uloliwe ukhawuleza kakhulu kunolwandle (ngesiqhelo iintsuku ezingama-30–40 ukusuka echwebeni ukuya kwelinye, kunye nexesha lokulayisha nokukhupha impahla) kwaye ubiza kancinci kunomoya, ingakumbi kwimithwalo emikhulu.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngololiwe kudla ngokubonwa “njengokhetho oluphakathi”:
- Kwimithwalo ekufuneka ifike apho ngokukhawuleza kodwa ingangxamisekanga, ikhawuleza kwaye izinzile ngaphezu kolwandle.
- Kwimithwalo ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu, ixabisa kancinci kuneyomoya okanye ekhawulezayo.
- Lukhetho olufanelekileyo kubathengisi be-e-commerce kunye nabangenisi abafuna ukuphinda bazalise impahla ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ulwandle lunokubonelela kodwa bengakwazi ukuhlawula amaxabiso okuthutha impahla ngenqwelomoya.
Kufuneka wazi indlela amaxabiso asebenza ngayo ukuze ugqibe ukuba ingaba uloliwe ukulungele na.
Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Iindleko Zokuthutha Uloliwe
Akukho xabiso linye kuphela lokuthumela imithwalo ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK. Ixabiso lakho lokugqibela liya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, njengohlobo lwemithwalo, indlela oyikhethayo, kunye neenkonzo ozikhethayo.
Ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa kunye nobunzima
Ubungakanani kunye nobunzima bomthwalo wakho zezona zinto ziphambili ezichaphazela iindleko. Umthwalo kaloliwe uhlala uthengiswa ngolu hlobo:
- I-FCL (uMthwalo opheleleyo weContainer) yenzelwe izikhongozeli ezinobude obuziimitha ezingama-20 okanye ezingama-40.
- I-LCL (Umthwalo ongaphantsi kweContainer) ithetha ukuba ukuthunyelwa okudityanisiweyo kuhlawuliswa yi-cubic meter (CBM) kunye/okanye itoni.
I-FCL ithetha ukuba uhlawula isixa esimiselweyo kwisikhongozeli ngasinye, ngesiqhelo sinemiqathango ethile yobunzima. Nge-LCL, uhlawula ngokusekelwe "kubunzima obuhlawuliswayo," okuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu:
- Ubunzima bokwenyani (ngeetoni ze-metric), kunye
- Ubunzima bomthamo bufunyanwa ngokuthatha ii-cubic metres (CBM).
Ngenxa yezizathu zokulinganisa kwisitimela/i-LCL, i-CBM e-1 idla ngokucingelwa ukuba imalunga ne-500–1000 kg, nangona kunjalo i-conversion factor echanekileyo iyahluka ngokwe-opharetha kunye nomzila. Xa uthumela izinto ezinzima ngesitimela, uhlala ufumana ixabiso elingakumbi ngemali yakho kuba ixabiso lokuthunyelwa ngesitimela alinyuki kakhulu njengoko linyuka ngenqwelo moya.
Imvelaphi kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo
Ezinye izinto ezichaphazela iindleko zothutho lwezithuthi zikaloliwe zezi:
- Apho uthumela khona impahla eTshayina (umzekelo, eShenzhen, eGuangzhou, eNingbo, eShanghai, eYiwu, eXiamen, njl.njl.).
- Ngowuphi umzi e-UK ohambisa kuwo iimpahla zakho? (umz. eLondon, eBirmingham, eManchester, eGlasgow)
Ukuba iimpahla zakho zikude kakhulu nesikhululo sikaloliwe eTshayina, kuya kubiza imali eyongezelelweyo ukuzisa kwisikhululo sikaloliwe ngelori okanye inkonzo yokuphakela impahla. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuba indawo yakho yokuhambisa impahla e-UK ikude kakhulu nesikhululo sikaloliwe okanye izibuko apho isitya sakho sifika khona, iindleko zokusihambisa ziyanda.
Kwizihlandlo ezininzi, abathumeli banika iikowuteshini zesitimela ngolu hlobo:
- “Umnyango oya kwisiphelo sendlela”
- "Ukusuka kwisiphelo sendlela ukuya kwisiphelo sendlela"
- “Umnyango nomnyango”
Inqanaba ngalinye lenkonzo liyahluka ukuba uhlawula malini kwaye yintoni ekufuneka uyenze wena ngokwakho.
Ii-Incoterms kunye noxanduva
Umthengisi wakho kunye nawe niyavumelana nge-Incoterms, ekuxelela ukuba ungakanani uthotho lwezinto oza kuzithenga oza kuzithenga. Umzekelo:
- Xa uthenga into ethi EXW (Ex Works), uhlawulela yonke into ukusuka emnyango womthengisi eTshayina ukuya kwindawo oya kuyo e-UK, kuquka iirhafu zokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuphathwa kwempahla kwindawo leyo.
- Phantsi kwe-FOB (Free On Board) okanye i-FCA (Free Carrier), umthengisi uhlawulela inxalenye yecala laseTshayina, kwaye wena uhlawula kwindawo ethile yokunikezela.
- Ukuba ukhetha i-DAP okanye i-DDP, usenokuba uhlawula amaxabiso "okuhambisa emnyango" aquka ukucocwa kwempahla kunye neentlawulo (ingakumbi ukuba ukhetha i-DDP).
Ezi ndlela zenza umahluko omkhulu kwindlela ehlanganiswa ngayo ikowuteshini yakho yesitimela kunye neendleko onokuzibona.
Isantya senkonzo kunye nokuthembeka
Nangona isitimela sidla ngokuba sikhawuleza kunolwandle, ezinye iindlela ziseneendlela "eziqhelekileyo" kunye "nezokuqala". Iinkonzo zesitimela eziphambili zinokubiza ngaphezulu, kodwa zibonelela:
- Indawo iqinisekisiwe, nokuba ngamaxesha axakekileyo.
- Ukuhamba okungakumbi qho ngeveki.
- Izithembiso ezingcono malunga nokuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukudlula kwiindlela zokuthutha impahla kunye nexesha langaphambi kwexesha lokuwela imida.
Ukuba ishishini lakho lixhomekeke kakhulu kwixabiso elithembekileyo lempahla ethengiswayo, ukuhlawula ixabiso lesitimela elingaphezulu kancinci ukuze ufumane inkonzo ephambili ngamanye amaxesha kunokonga imali eninzi kwiindleko zokuphela kwesitokhwe kunokuba kongeza kwimpahla.
Iimeko zemarike kunye nexesha lonyaka
Kwakhona, amaxabiso okuthutha ngololiwe amiselwa ngoku:
- Iindleko zepetroli kunye nezinye iindleko zoololiwe.
- Ukuxinana kwezithuthi ngexesha leeholide, njengangaphambi koNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina okanye amaxesha okuthengisa amakhulu.
- Iingxaki ngemida neendlela.
- Utshintsho kwixabiso le-USD, i-RMB, kunye ne-GBP.
Iikowuteshini zilungile ixesha elifutshane kuphela (iintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezingama-30), ngoko ke ukuqesha inkampani ye-logistics enobuchule enokugada imarike kwaye ikwazise xa izinto zitshintsha kuya kukunceda uphephe izinto ezingalindelekanga.
Iindleko eziqhelekileyo: Ukuthutha ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK
Amaxabiso atshintsha rhoqo, kodwa kuyanceda ukwazi ukuba angakanani amaxabiso aphakathi kunye nendlela athelekiswa ngayo nolwandle nomoya. Itheyibhile engezantsi inika amaxabiso aqhelekileyo ngeenjongo zokucwangcisa kuphela (hayi iikowuteshini ezisemthethweni).
Uqikelelo lweendleko zoThutho lweZithuthi zikaloliwe
| Uhlobo lokuThunyelwa | Ububanzi beNdlela | Uluhlu lweeNdleko oluQhelekileyo (USD) | amaNqaku |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isitimela se-FCL esingama-20ft | Isikhululo sikaloliwe saseTshayina → Isikhululo sikaloliwe/izibuko lase-UK | 3,000 - 5,000 | Kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimvelaphi, indlela yokuthutha, kunye neemeko zemarike |
| Isitimela se-FCL esingama-40ft / 40HQ | Isikhululo sikaloliwe saseTshayina → Isikhululo sikaloliwe/izibuko lase-UK | 4,500 - 7,500 | Ixabiso elingcono nge-CBM nganye kune-20ft; ikhethwa xa kukho iivolumu eziphezulu |
| Isitimela se-LCL (nge-CBM nganye) | Indawo yokugcina impahla edibeneyo → Indawo yokugcina impahla yase-UK | 180 – 350 ngeCBM nganye | Idla ngokuba ne-CBM encinci eyi-1–2; kukho iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo |
| Isitimela se-LCL (ngetoni nganye) | Indawo yokugcina impahla edibeneyo → Indawo yokugcina impahla yase-UK | 180 – 350 ngetoni nganye | Ubunzima obutshajwayo buphezulu kunomthamo okanye ubunzima bokwenyani |
| Ukuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela (e-UK) | Isitishi sikaloliwe sase-UK → indawo ekuyiwa kuyo kwindawo yasekuhlaleni | 80 - 300 + ngempahla nganye | Iyahluka ngokomgama, uhlobo lokuhanjiswa kunye nokufakwa kwepallet |
Ezi bhendi zizikhokelo nje ezicacileyo zokukunceda ucinge ngobukhulu obufanelekileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze izigqibo malunga namaxabiso okanye isitokhwe, soloko ujongana nomthumeli wempahla ukuze ubone ukuba angakanani amaxabiso emarike yangoku.
Ulwakhiwo lweendleko zexabiso leempahla zikaloliwe
Xa ufumana uqikelelo lokuthunyelwa ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK, ngesiqhelo kuya kuba neenxalenye ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukwazi ukuba zithetha ukuthini kukunceda ukuba uvavanye ababoneleli abahlukeneyo ngendlela echanekileyo kwaye ubone ukuba isibonelelo "esingabizi" asinazo na iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo.
Izinto eziphambili zexabiso lesitimela seFCL
Ukuba unesikhongozeli esipheleleyo, iindleko zakho zingahlulwa zibe:
- Ukuthutha iilori okanye ukuthuthwa kwazo xa zisuka elizweni kukuthatha isitya sisuka kwisityalo sisise kwisikhululo sikaloliwe eTshayina.
- Ukuhanjiswa kololiwe yeyona ndleko iphambili yokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwisango laseYurophu.
- Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla nokuphathwa kwayo kuquka ukukhupha impahla, ukulayisha kwakhona, kunye nokuphathwa kwayo kwiindawo zokubeka impahla emideni, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokudlulisela impahla eTshayina naseYurophu.
- Isithuthi esithuthwayo: ngesitimela okanye ngeloli ukusuka kwindawo yokungena eYurophu ukuya kwisiphelo sendlela okanye izibuko lase-UK (mhlawumbi kwanomnye umgama ukuya kwiindawo zokubeka impahla ezingaphakathi elizweni).
- Iintlawulo zasekuhlaleni zase-UK ziquka ukucubungula echwebeni, ukususwa kwerhafu, ukugcinwa, ukususwa kwerhafu, kunye nokubanjwa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- E-UK, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla yakho ngexesha lokugqibela kukuhambisa impahla yakho kwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla, kwiziko lokufezekisa, okanye kwindawo ye-Amazon FBA ngelori.
Izinto eziphambili zexabiso lesitimela se-LCL
Ulwakhiwo lufana kwi-LCL, nangona kunjalo endaweni yeentlawulo ezipheleleyo zeekhonteyina, kukho iindleko zokudibanisa kunye nezokudibanisa:
- Ukulandwa kwifektri yakho ukuya kwisakhiwo se-LCL eTshayina (ukhetho).
- Ukuphathwa kwemvelaphi: ukubeka izinto kunye, ukuzibeka kwiipalethi, ukuphatha amaxwebhu, kunye nokubhala iilebheli.
- Impahla kaloliwe idla ngokuba nexabiso eliyi-cubic meter (CBM) okanye itoni. Kunokubakho intlawulo encinci, njenge-CBM enye okanye ezimbini.
- Ukuphatha kwindawo oya kuyo: ukuhlalutya ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla ese-UK okanye esecaleni kwe-EU.
- Ukususwa kwempahla e-UK okanye kwelinye ilizwe le-EU ngaphambi kokuba impahla isiwe e-UK.
- Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla kwindawo ohlala kuyo kuthetha ukuba ilori iza kuzisa iodolo yakho esuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla ye-LCL kwidilesi yakho yokugqibela.
Ezinye ii-forwarders zidibanisa ezimbalwa kwezi zibe yi-"all-in" LCL China–UK rate enye, ngelixa ezinye zibonisa ngokwahlukeneyo. Xa uthelekisa iikowuteshini, qiniseka ukuba uyazi ukuba nganye yeyoluphi uhlobo lwemodeli.
Umzekelo woHluko lweeNdleko: Ukuthunyelwa kweFCL Rail
Khawucinge ngale nto: uzisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezivela kumzi-mveliso oseChengdu kwindawo yokugcina impahla eBirmingham. Ukhetha ukuthumela isitya se-40HQ ngololiwe kuba uhambo ngenqwelomoya lubiza kakhulu kwaye uhambo lwaselwandle lucotha kakhulu ukuba luqalise.
Nantsi indlela olu hlobo lohlalutyo lweendleko olulula olunokubonakala ngayo:
| Ixabiso Into | Umzekelo Inkcazo | Umzekelo Isixa (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuthathwa/ukuthunyelwa kwelori eTshayina | Umzi-mveliso eChengdu → Isikhululo sikaloliwe saseChengdu | 300 |
| Ukuphathwa kunye namaxwebhu okuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina | Isibhengezo seempahla zangaphandle, ukuphathwa kwesiphelo sendlela | 150 |
| Umzila kaloliwe eTshayina → iYurophu | Chengdu → hub yaseYurophu (umz. Małaszewicze / Duisburg) | 4,000 |
| Ukuhanjiswa / ukuphathwa eYurophu | Ukunikezelwa kwenkonzo eya e-UK | 250 |
| IYurophu → Inqwelo-mafutha yase-UK | Uloliwe okanye ilori eya kwisikhululo sase-UK (umz. iLondon Gateway / iFelixstowe) | 500 |
| Ukuphathwa kwezibuko/isiphelo se-UK | I-THC, ukuphathwa, amaphepha kwisikhululo sokufika | 350 |
| Ukuvunyelwa kwerhafu (e-UK) | Isibhengezo sokungenisa impahla (ngaphandle kwerhafu kunye ne-VAT) | 120 |
| Ukuhanjiswa kokugqibela kwindawo yokugcina impahla eBirmingham | Ilori esuka kwisiphelo sendlela ukuya kwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla | 250 |
| Isimbuku (esibonisayo) | 5,920 |
La manani yimizekelo nje, kodwa akunika umbono olungileyo wento oza kuyihlawula. Khumbula ukuba inani lesitimela "eliphambili" (umgca wokuhamba ukusuka eChengdu ukuya eYurophu) yinxalenye enye nje yomfanekiso wonke. Kufuneka ucinge nangamaxabiso emvelaphi kunye nendawo oya kuyo.
Umzekelo woHluko lweendleko: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL Rail
Ngoku khawuzibone ungumntu othumela izinto zokuhombisa ekhaya ezi-4 kuphela ezivela kumthengisi okufutshane neYiwu ukuya eLondon. Awunakuhlawula iindleko zokuthutha ngenqwelo moya, kwaye i-LCL yolwandle ayisebenzi kakuhle kwiphulo lakho elitsha, ngoko ke jonga i-LCL kaloliwe.
Nantsi indlela elula yokubonisa iindleko:
| Ixabiso Into | Isiseko | Umzekelo wexabiso leYunithi (i-USD) | ubuninzi | Ixabiso eliphantsi (i-USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuthathwa kwendlu eTshayina (ukhetho) | Ngokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa | 80 | 1 | 80 |
| Ukuphathwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemvelaphi | Ngokwe-CBM | 45 | 4 | 180 |
| Uthutho lwezithuthi zikaloliwe eTshayina → e-UK (LCL) | Ngokwe-CBM | 230 | 4 | 920 |
| Ukuphathwa/ukususwa kwendawo ekuyiwa kuyo | Ngokwe-CBM | 55 | 4 | 220 |
| Ukuvunyelwa kwerhafu (e-UK) | Ngokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa | 95 | 1 | 95 |
| Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla okuhamba ngeenyawo zokugqibela (indawo yaseLondon) | Ngokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa | 120 | 1 | 120 |
| Isimbuku (esibonisayo) | 1,615 |
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngololiwe ngokwe-CBM kuseyona nto ibalulekileyo, kodwa indlela yokuphatha imvelaphi kunye nendawo eya kuyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okuhamba ngemayile yokugqibela nazo zibalulekile. Kuya kufuneka wongeze i-VAT kunye neerhafu ngokusekelwe kwixabiso kunye nekhowudi ye-HS yempahla yakho.
Uloliwe vs Ulwandle vs Umoya: Uthelekiso lweendleko kunye nexesha
Xa kumiselwa ukuba uza kusebenzisa na uloliwe, kuyanceda ukuthelekisa iindleko kunye nexesha lokuhamba nolwandle nomoya.
Uthelekiso lweendleko eziqhelekileyo kunye nexesha lokuhamba
Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa uthelekiso olulula lokuthunyelwa kwe-8 ukuya kwi-10 CBM yemithwalo eqhelekileyo (iimveliso ezinjalo zabathengi) ukusuka embindini weTshayina ukuya e-UK.
| ifashoni | Malunga. Iindleko (USD) | Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuThutha (umnyango nomnyango) | Xa Ivakala |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ulwandle LCL | 800 - 1,200 | Iintsuku ezingama-35 - 50 | Ixabiso liza kuqala kwaye ungalinda |
| Uloliwe LCL | 1,500 - 2,500 | Iintsuku ezingama-18 - 25 | Ndidinga ukuphinda ndizame ngokukhawuleza kodwa ndisacinga ngeendleko |
| Umoya (i-console) | 3,000 - 6,000 | Iintsuku ezingama-5 - 10 | Impahla enexabiso eliphezulu / engxamisekileyo okanye ethatha ixesha elide kakhulu |
| ikhuriya ye-express | 5,000 + | Iintsuku ezingama-2 - 5 | Iipasela ezincinci, ezingxamisekileyo ezinexabiso eliphezulu |
I-LCL yesitimela lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kubathumeli abaninzi kuba ikhawuleza kakhulu kunolwandle, ixabisa ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha somoya, kwaye ineshedyuli ethembekileyo ngakumbi kunolwandle ngamanye amaxesha.
Amatyala Afihliweyo Nahlala Engahoywa
Ixabiso lesitimela esisisiseko liyinxalenye nje yebali. Ukuba awukhuthali, ityala lakho linokuba neendleko ezininzi ezongezelelweyo.
Imirhumo yeCustoms, iVAT, kunye nemirhumo yokucoca
Iindleko zakho zokuthutha azibandakanyi iindleko zerhafu kunye ne-VAT yase-UK, kodwa zichaphazela iindleko zakho zokufika. Kufuneka:
- Jonga ikhowudi ye-HS kunye nexabiso lentlawulo yeempahla zakho.
- Qinisekisa ukuba ixabiso elichaziweyo liyafana nesixa esikwi-invoyisi yakho yorhwebo.
- Fumanisa ukuba ixabiso lakho liquka na ukususwa kwerhafu okanye ukuba lihlawuliswa nganye nganye.
Ukuba usebenzisa amalungiselelo e-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), qiniseka ukuba uyazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi iirhafu kunye neentlawulo ezihlawulwa kwangaphambili kwaye zichongwa njani.
Ukugcinwa, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokubanjwa
Kusenokufuneka uhlawule ukuba isikhongozeli sakho okanye ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuhlala kwisiphelo sendlela okanye kwindawo yokugcina izinto ixesha elide kunexesha lokugcina impahla simahla:
- Iindleko zokugcina zezo zisetyenziswa kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye kwisiphelo sendlela.
- I-Demurrage yintlawulo yokugcina imithwalo echwebeni okanye kwisiphelo sendlela ixesha elide kunelo livumelekileyo.
- Ukubanjwa: ukugcina isitya ngaphandle kwesikhululo seenqwelo-moya ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku zasimahla.
Ukucwangciswa kakuhle kwamaphepha, ukususwa kwempahla ebhankini, kunye namaxesha okuhanjiswa kwempahla kunokukunceda uphephe ezi ntlawulo.
Iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinto oyithumelayo, kunokufuneka uhlawule:
- Ukubeka izinto kwiipalethi okanye ukuzipakisha kwakhona.
- Ukubhala iilebheli kunye neebhakhowudi, ingakumbi kwiivenkile okanye kwi-Amazon FBA.
- I-inshurensi yingcamango elungileyo kwimpahla exabisa imali eninzi.
- Kufuneka unonophelo olongezelelekileyo xa kuthunyelwa iimpahla eziyingozi (DG) okanye ezo kufuneka zigcinwe kubushushu obuthile.
Umboneleli wezothutho ocacileyo uza kukwazisa ngezi ndlela kwangethuba ukuze ukwazi ukucwangcisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho.
Indlela yokufunda nokuthelekisa iikowuteshini zezithuthi zikaloliwe
Ukuthelekisa iingcaphuno ezivela kubathumeli abahlukeneyo kufuna umsebenzi othile kuba nganye ikwenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinci.
Okokuqala, soloko ujonga oku:
- Ithini indawo apho isuka khona kwaye iya phi? Ukusuka emnyango ukuya emnyango, ukusuka emnyango ukuya kwisiphelo, okanye ukusuka kwisiphelo ukuya kwisiphelo?
- Ngaba le ntelekelelo igubungela ukususwa kwerhafu eTshayina kunye/okanye e-UK?
- Ngaba iifizi zasekuhlaleni (zokucubungula, amaphepha, kunye nokugcina) zibandakanyiwe okanye zichazwe ngokwahlukeneyo?
- Ingaba uhambo oluya e-UK luthe ngqo, okanye ludlula kwindawo yokudluliselwa kweenqwelo-mafutha eYurophu?
- Yeyiphi ivolumu encinci enokuhlawuliswa i-LCL? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iindleko ezongezelelweyo "zexesha elinzima" okanye "umngcipheko wemfazwe"?
Okwesibini, tshintsha yonke into ibe yiyunithi enokuthelekiswa:
- Ukuze ufumane ixabiso ngeyunithi nganye ye-FCL, qala ufumane ixabiso lilonke ngesikhongozeli ngasinye uze ulahlule nge-CBM yakho yokwenyani okanye inani leeyunithi.
- Ukuze ufumane ixabiso lokwenyani le-LCL, dibanisa zonke iindleko ezongezelelweyo kunye nexabiso lilonke lokuya kwindlu ngendlu nge-CBM nganye.
Okokugqibela, musa ukukhetha kuphela leyo inexabiso eliphantsi. Ukuthembeka kwenkonzo, amava eerhafu, kunye nendlela onxibelelana kakuhle ngayo kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokuthunyelwa okungenazingxaki kunye nokulibaziseka okubizayo.
Xa Ukuthutha Uloliwe Ukusuka eTshayina Ukuya e-UK Kulukhetho Olukrelekrele
Ukuthutha impahla ngololiwe akusoloko kuyindlela engcono yokuthumela into, kodwa kukho amaxesha apho ilona khetho lilungileyo.
Kudla ngokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo xa:
- Ixabiso lemveliso yakho liphakathi: liphezulu kakhulu ukuba ungahlala elwandle iintsuku ezingaphezu kwama-40, kodwa aliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba lingahlawulela iindleko zokuthutha ngenqwelomoya.
- Umthamo weodolo yakho uphezulu kancinci: inkulu kakhulu ukuba ingathunyelwa ngenqwelomoya, kodwa ayinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingazaliswa rhoqo ngeekhonteyina ezipheleleyo ngolwandle ngexesha.
- Ukujika imali ngokukhawuleza kunceda ukuhamba kwemali yakho kuba kunciphisa ixesha lokufakwa kwempahla yakho kunye nexesha lokufumana imali, nto leyo ekhulula imali eninzi yokusebenza.
- Ufuna amaxesha okuhamba aqikelelekayo. Ezinye iinkonzo zikaloliwe zinokuthenjwa ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela zaselwandle xa kukho izithuthi ezininzi.
Njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sothutho esiguquguqukayo, uloliwe ungasetyenziswa nezinye iindlela zothutho. Umzekelo, ungathumela impahla esisiseko ngolwandle uze uyigcwalise okanye uyigcwalise ngokukhawuleza ngololiwe, ushiye umoya ukuze ithwale impahla engxamisekileyo okanye enexabiso eliphezulu.
Ukusebenza neQela lezoThutho loBugcisa: iTopway Shipping
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezihambayo xa kufikwa kwimithwalo kaloliwe esuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK. Ezi ziquka ukulungelelanisa iifektri, ukuthutha iimpahla ngaphakathi elizweni, ukubhukisha izitishi zikaloliwe, ukucoca irhafu, ukugcina iimpahla, kunye nokuzihambisa e-UK. Kwabaninzi abangenisa impahla, ingakumbi amashishini amancinci naphakathi kunye nabathengisi be-intanethi, ukujongana nayo yonke le nto ngokuthe ngqo nabathwali kunye nabathengisi abaliqela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kuyingozi kwaye kuthatha ixesha.
Kulapho iqabane elinamava kwezothutho lixabisa khona ubunzima balo.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukusukela ngo-2010. Abantu abaqalise le nkampani banamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwerhafu, kwaye banobuchule kakhulu kwezothutho phakathi kweTshayina ne-US, kunye nolwazi olunzulu lweendlela zokuhamba ixesha elide, izisombululo ze-multimodal, kunye nemithetho yerhafu.
Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba iTopway Shipping ingenza isisombululo esipheleleyo sikaloliwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK esiquka:
- Ukuthuthwa ukusuka kumzi-mveliso wakho okanye kumthengisi ukuya kwinqanaba lokuqala, kubandakanya ukulungelelanisa ukuthuthwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kweelori ngaphakathi elizweni.
- Ukuphatha ukuhlanganiswa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwindawo yokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu akho kunye nokupakisha kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zerhafu kunye nabathwali.
- Umzila kaloliwe kwiinkonzo ezithembekileyo zaseTshayina naseYurophu, ukukhetha iindlela kunye neeshedyuli ezisebenza kakuhle kuwe ngokweendleko kunye nesantya.
- Iindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezikuvumela ukuba ugcine iimpahla ezininzi zikufutshane nabathengi bakho kwaye uphendule ngokukhawuleza xa imfuno inyuka.
- Ukususwa kwerhafu kunye nokuthobela imithetho kunceda, kusetyenziswa ulwazi lweminyaka ngeminyaka oluneenkqubo ezinzima zokungenisa impahla ukuze kuncitshiswe amathuba okulibaziseka okanye iintlawulo.
- Ukuhanjiswa kweenkonzo zokugqibela e-UK nakwezinye iimarike ezibalulekileyo, kunye neenkonzo ezenzelwe urhwebo lwe-elektroniki, abathengisi bemarike, kunye nokusasazwa kwe-B2B.
I-Topway Shipping inikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ezine-full-container-load (FCL) kunye ne-less-than-container-load (LCL) ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela, ukongeza kwi-railway. Oku kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise zombini ii-railway kunye nolwandle ngendlela ekrelekrele: ulwandle lwe-base volumes kunye ne-railway yokubuyisela impahla ngokukhawuleza, zonke phantsi kwesicwangciso esinye se-logistics esidibeneyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa imithwalo kaloliwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK ngaphezu kwesinye kwaye uyenze ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekhonkco lakho lokubonelela, ukusebenza nenkampani efana neTopway Shipping kunokukunceda:
- Fumana iikowuteshini ezicacileyo nezivulekileyo ezichaza ixabiso lokwenyani.
- Ngokusekelwe kwiprofayili yakho yemveliso kunye nemijikelo yokuthengisa, sebenzisa iindlela kunye neendlela ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo.
- Nciphisa iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezivela ekunganxibelelani kakuhle, ukulibaziseka, okanye ukungalandeli imithetho.
- Gcina umkhondo ongcono kwaye ubone umthwalo ngamnye, ukusuka kumenzi ukuya ekuhanjisweni kokugqibela.
isiphelo
Uthutho lwezithuthi zikaloliwe oluvela eTshayina ukuya e-UK luye lwaba yindawo ephakathi eqinileyo phakathi komoya kunye imithwalo yolwandle. Inexesha elifutshane lokuhamba kunempahla yolwandle eqhelekileyo kwaye ixabisa kancinci kakhulu kunempahla yomoya. Oku kuyenza ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kumashishini e-commerce, abanini beempawu, kunye nabangenisi abafuna ukufumana ibhalansi engcono phakathi kwesantya kunye neendleko.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela iindleko zothutho lwesitimela, njengobungakanani nobunzima bothutho, apho luvela khona kwaye luya phi, i-Incoterms, inqanaba lenkonzo, kunye nemeko yemarike. Ungenza ukhetho olukrelekrele kwaye uthelekise izibonelelo ngokungakhethi cala ukuba uyazi indlela ebekwa ngayo ikowuteshini kaloliwe, kubandakanya irhafu yokuthutha uloliwe, irhafu yemvelaphi kunye nendawo oya kuyo, irhafu yerhafu, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweekhilomitha zokugqibela.
Ebomini bokwenyani, ukhetho olufanelekileyo alunakuba yinto enye yokuthumela impahla. Kumalunga nokwenza isicwangciso sothutho esisebenzisana nexabiso lemveliso yakho, ixesha lonyaka xa uyithengisa, kunye nemali yakho engenayo. Uloliwe usebenza kakuhle xa uyinxalenye yesixhobo esiguquguqukayo esiquka ulwandle nomoya. Iqabane elifanelekileyo lezothutho linokuhlanganisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwisicwangciso esivakalayo.
Xa usebenza nenkampani efana neTopway Shipping ebikwishishini ixesha elide, ufumana uncedo ngayo yonke into ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni, amaxabiso acacileyo, kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo ezisekelwe kwiminyaka yamava nge-e-commerce ewela imida kunye ne-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwezinto kuya kuhamba kakuhle, kuya kuba mbalwa izinto ezimangalisayo, kwaye uya kuba nexesha elingakumbi lokwandisa ishishini lakho endaweni yokuba ujongane nazo zonke iinkcukacha zothutho ngokwakho.
Ukuba ukulungele ukujonga ukuthunyelwa ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK, inyathelo elilandelayo lilula: fumana ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nokuthunyelwa kwakho, kuquka apho kuvela khona, apho kuya khona, ubunzima bako, kunye nohlobo lwemveliso. Emva koko cela ixabiso elihambelana neemfuno zakho. Uya kukwazi ukwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo sokuba ingaba uloliwe lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokuthunyelwa kwakho okulandelayo xa sele uyazi ukuba kuya kubiza malini kwaye kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufika apho.
FAQs
Q: Ixabiso lempahla kaloliwe esuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK lihlala linjani?
A: Ixabiso lokuthutha ngololiwe lidla ngokusekwe kwinani lezikhongozeli (ze-FCL) okanye kwinani lee-cubic metres/iitoni (ze-LCL). Kwi-FCL, ufumana ixabiso elinye lesikhongozeli esingama-20ft okanye ama-40ft. Eli xabiso linokubandakanya iindleko zemvelaphi, ukuhanjiswa komgca, kunye nendawo oya kuyo, okanye zinokudweliswa ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwi-LCL, umthumeli wakho uhlawulisa iindleko ze-cubic meter nganye kunye/okanye i-metric ton, kunye nomthamo omncinci, kunye nokuphathwa kunye neerhafu zasekuhlaleni. Ixabiso lilonke ukusuka emnyango ukuya emnyango liquka iindleko zokuhanjiswa komgca kaloliwe, ukuphathwa kwindawo oya kuyo kunye nendawo oya kuyo, ukususwa kwerhafu, kunye nokuhanjiswa ukuya kwimayile yokugqibela.
Q: Ingaba imithwalo kaloliwe esuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK iphantsi kunemithwalo yaselwandle?
A: Ngokwesiseko seendleko zokuthutha nje kuphela, imithwalo kaloliwe idla ngokubiza kakhulu kunemithwalo eqhelekileyo yolwandle, ingakumbi kwiikhonteyina ezigcweleyo. Kodwa imithwalo kaloliwe idla ngokubiza kancinci kunemithwalo yomoya, kwaye inokunciphisa iindleko zizonke zekhonkco lokubonelela ngokukhawulezisa amaxesha okuthutha kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina impahla. Iinkampani ezininzi zizimisele ukuhlawula iindleko zokuthutha ezonyukileyo ngenqanawa kuba oko kuthetha amaxesha okuthumela akhawulezileyo kunye nokuphendula ngcono kwimfuno.
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthutha impahla ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK?
A: Ixesha eliqhelekileyo elithathwayo ukuze imithwalo kaloliwe ihambe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK liziintsuku ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-25, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ivela phi, ifika njani apho, ithatha ixesha elingakanani ukukhupha imithwalo, kunye nokuba kufuneka ihambe kangakanani kwimayile yokugqibela. Imithwalo kaloliwe ikhawuleza kakhulu kunemithwalo yaselwandle, enokuthatha iintsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-50 ukusuka emnyango ukuya emnyango, kuquka ukulayisha nokukhulula impahla. Nangona kunjalo, ithatha ixesha eliphantsi kunemithwalo yomoya, edla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10.
Q: Ngowuphi ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa obufanelekileyo kwimpahla kaloliwe?
A: Uloliwe yindlela elungileyo yokuthumela i-FCL kunye ne-LCL. Ukuba unezinto ezaneleyo zokugcwalisa isikhongozeli esingama-20ft okanye ama-40ft kwaye ufuna indlela ekhawulezayo nethembekileyo yokuthumela kunokuba uhambe ngolwandle, izikhongozeli ezigcweleyo zezona ndlela zifanelekileyo. Uloliwe we-LCL lukhetho oluhle lokuthunyelwa okuphakathi, okukhulu kuneepakeji zeposi eziqhelekileyo kodwa kungekuko izikhongozeli ezipheleleyo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba ufuna ukupakisha kwakhona ngokukhawuleza kune-LCL yolwandle kodwa awukwazi ukuhlawulela ukuthunyelwa ngomoya. Ukuthunyelwa ngomoya okanye ngokukhawuleza kusengcono kwiipakeji ezincinci nezikhaphukhaphu.
Q: Ngaba kukho naziphi na izithintelo kwiintlobo zeempahla ezinokuthunyelwa ngololiwe?
A: Ewe. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, izinto ezitsha kakhulu okanye eziqhumayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinobuthathaka kubushushu zisenokungakwazi ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zoololiwe okanye zinokufuna amalungiselelo athile. Ezinye iimpahla zisenokulawulwa yimigaqo ekhethekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina okanye imithetho yokungenisa e-UK okanye e-EU. Ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe, kubalulekile ukunika umboneleli wakho wezothutho ulwazi oluchanekileyo lwemveliso kunye neekhowudi ze-HS ukuze bakwazi ukujonga ukuba iodolo inokwenzeka kwaye iyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno.
Q: Ngaba ndisafuna imvume yerhafu ukuba ixabiso lam lesitimela 'lihamba ngendlu'?
A: Ewe. Nokuba yeyiphi na inkonzo, iimpahla kufuneka zihlale zidlula kwimida xa ziwela imida. Isicatshulwa sesitimela esithi "umnyango nomnyango" sidla ngokubonisa ukuba umntu othumela impahla unyamekela izinto ezifunekayo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ulawula ukususwa kwempahla. Nangona kunjalo, njengomthumeli wempahla, usenoxanduva lweerhafu, i-VAT, kunye neminye imisebenzi yolawulo. Soloko ujonga ukuba ukususwa kwempahla, iirhafu, kunye neerhafu zifakiwe na (umzekelo, phantsi kwesivumelwano se-DDP) okanye ukuba ziya kuthunyelwa kwi-invoyisi nganye nganye.
Q: Ndingazinciphisa njani iindleko zam zokuthutha impahla ngololiwe ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK?
A: Ungonga imali ngokusebenzisa kakuhle ukupakisha kwakho, ukudibanisa ukuthunyelwa ukuze kufikelelwe kwi-FCL xa unako, ukukhetha ii-Incoterms ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokucwangcisa kwangaphambili ukuze uphephe iindleko ezongezelelweyo ngamaxesha axakekileyo. Umntu onolwazi lokuthumela impahla unokukunceda ukhethe iindlela ezilungileyo kunye namanqanaba enkonzo, ukunciphisa iindleko ezingafunekiyo ezifana nokugcina impahla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezingcono malunga nendlela yokulinganisela isantya kunye nexabiso. Iqabane lokuthumela impahla elifana neTopway Shipping linokujonga iprofayili yakho yokuthumela impahla kwaye linike iindlela ezithile zokwenza kube ngcono.
Q: Ngaba imithwalo kaloliwe ingasetyenziswa kunye nemithwalo yolwandle okanye yomoya?
A: Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Amashishini amaninzi asebenzisa indlela exubeneyo, oko kuthetha ukuba asebenzisa imithwalo yolwandle xa ethumela izinto ezisisiseko okanye ezingangxamisekanga, oololiwe xa bephinda befaka izinto ngokukhawuleza, kunye nomoya xa bethumela izinto ezingxamisekileyo okanye ezixabisa kakhulu. Le ndlela inceda ekufumaneni ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kweendleko, isantya, kunye nengozi. I-Topway Shipping inokudala kwaye ilawule amaqhinga e-multimodal njengesicwangciso esinye, esidibeneyo kuba inikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ze-FCL kunye ne-LCL kunye nezinye iindlela zokuthutha ulwandle.
Q: Loluphi ulwazi endiludingayo ukuze ndifumane ikowuteshini echanekileyo yokuthutha impahla kaloliwe?
A: Ukuze ufumane ikowuteshini echanekileyo, kufuneka unike olu lwazi lulandelayo: isixeko apho iimpahla ziza kuthunyelwa khona kunye negama lomthengisi, isixeko apho iimpahla ziza kuthunyelwa khona kunye nedilesi yokuhanjiswa, uhlobo lweempahla kunye neekhowudi zazo ze-HS, ubunzima obupheleleyo kunye nomthamo (okanye inani leepalethi), iinkcukacha zokupakisha, umhla wokuthunyelwa okhethwayo, kunye nazo naziphi na izicelo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwe-Amazon FBA, ilebheli, okanye i-inshurensi. Ngolu lwazi, i-forwarder efana ne-Topway Shipping inokukunika uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweendleko olusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho ezichanekileyo, kungekhona nje uqikelelo oluqhelekileyo.
