Indlela uloliwe iYiwu-Madrid otshintsha ngayo urhwebo phakathi kweTshayina neSpain
intshayelelo
Uloliwe wempahla ushiye iSitishi sikaloliwe saseYiwu West kwiPhondo laseZhejiang, eTshayina, ngoNovemba 18, 2014. Wawuthwele iikhonteyina eziqhelekileyo ezingama-82 zeempahla ezincinci eziya eMadrid, eSpain. Bambalwa abantu ababenokuqikelela ukuba olu hambo luncinci luya kuba lolunye lweendlela ezibalulekileyo zothutho lwenkulungwane yama-21. Uloliwe waseYiwu-Madrid, owaziwa ngokuba yiYixin'ou (YXE), wenze uhambo oluya nokubuya olungaphezulu kwe-1,800, wathwala iikhonteyina zeempahla ezili-145,500, kwaye wazisa ixabiso lempahla elingaphezulu kwe-$8 yeebhiliyoni kwindlela yodwa.
Ihamba iikhilomitha ezili-13,052 phakathi kwamazwe asibhozo — iTshayina, iKazakhstan, iRashiya, iBelarus, iPoland, iJamani, iFransi, neSpain — le yindlela kaloliwe ende kakhulu emhlabeni. Ayisiyondlela nje yokuhambahamba. Sisixhobo esiphilayo sediplomasi yorhwebo, ukwahlukahlukana kweenkonzo, kunye nokudibanisa uqoqosho phakathi koqoqosho lwesibini ngobukhulu kwihlabathi kunye nenye yeemarike eziguqukayo eYurophu. Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo, into ethwalayo, kunye nentsingiselo yayo kumashishini lulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu kuye nabani na osebenza kurhwebo oluwela imida.
Indlela Ngokujonga: IJografi kunye Nemisebenzi
Uloliwe usuka eYiwu, isixeko esikwiphondo laseZhejiang, apho kukho imakethi enkulu yehlabathi yempahla encinci. Emva koko, uhamba emantla ntshona udlula kumda we-Alataw Pass eXinjiang uze ungene eKazakhstan. Ukusuka apho, udlula eRashiya, eBelarus, ePoland, eJamani, naseFransi ngaphambi kokuba ungene eSpain uze ufike kwisikhululo seenqwelo-mafutha zikaloliwe sase-Abronigal eMadrid. Olu hambo lungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-13,000 ubude kwaye luthatha malunga neentsuku ezili-16 ukuya kwezili-18, kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye neenkqubo zomda. Eli limalunga nesiqingatha sexesha elalisetyenziswa ukuthumela iimpahla eNingbo, emva koko ukuya eValencia ngolwandle, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuya eMadrid ngendlela okanye ngololiwe, nto leyo eyathatha iintsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-40.
Enye yeengxaki zothutho kulo mgca kukutshintsha igeyiji. ITshayina, iPoland, kunye neNtshona Yurophu zisebenzisa igeyiji esemgangathweni (1,435 mm), ngelixa iKazakhstan, iRashiya, kunye neBelarus zisebenzisa igeyiji ebanzi yaseRashiya (1,520 mm), kwaye iSpain ngokwembali isebenzisa igeyiji ebanzi ngakumbi yase-Iberia (1,668 mm), nangona iziseko zophuhliso zesantya esiphezulu kunye nempahla ziye zahlengahlengiswa ngokuthe ngcembe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuwela imida, izikhongozeli kufuneka zithuthelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoololiwe. Le nkqubo iye yaba lula kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo, kodwa isathatha ixesha elide kuneendlela zegeyiji enye.
Imisebenzi yoololiwe ilawulwa ikakhulu yiYiwu Tianmeng Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. kwaye iququzelelwa yiChina Railway Shanghai Group. Ukusukela ngo-2024, i-YXE isebenza ngaphezulu kwe-1,100 yohambo lokuya nokubuya ngonyaka kuzo zonke iindlela zayo, ukusuka kwi-23 kuphela ngo-2014. Umzila othile waseMadrid ngoku usebenza amaxesha amaninzi ngeveki, kwaye kwinethiwekhi yempahla ye-Yiwu phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu, imizila yamasebe eli-18 iqhagamshela kwizixeko ezingaphezu kwe-160 kumazwe angama-50 kunye nemimandla e-Eurasia.
Izibalo zeNdlela eziPhambili
| ye parameter | iinkcukacha |
| Umgama opheleleyo | Iikhilomitha ezili-13,052 (umzila kaloliwe wempahla omde kakhulu emhlabeni) |
| Amazwe Athuthiweyo | ITshayina, iKazakhstan, iRashiya, iBelarus, iPoland, iJamani, iFransi, iSpain |
| Ixesha lokuhamba | 16–18 iintsuku (vs. 35–40 iintsuku elwandle) |
| Uhambo Lonyaka (2024) | 1,100+ (uthungelwano lweYiwu-Yurophu); uhambo oluya nokubuya oluyi-1,800 kwiYiwu-Madrid ukusukela oko yasungulwa |
| Izikhongozeli Ezithuthiweyo (zizonke) | IiTEU ezingaphezu kwama-670,000 ezivela eYiwu (zonke iindlela); IiTEU ezili-145,500 ezikwindlela yaseMadrid |
| Ixabiso leempahla eziqokelelweyo (indlela yaseMadrid) | Ngaphezulu kwe-$8 billion USD ukusukela ngo-2014 |
| Ukuphindaphinda Konyaka Ekuqalisweni (2014) | Oololiwe abali-23 ngonyaka |
| Izixeko eziQhagamshelweyo (inethiwekhi ye-YXE) | Izixeko ezingaphezu kwe-160 kumazwe angaphezu kwe-50 |
Yintoni ekwiSitimela: Iprofayili yoMthwalo oTshintshayo
Xa uloliwe wokuqala waseYiwu-Madrid wawuhamba ngo-2014, wawuphethe izinto ezincinci ezingabizi kakhulu ezifana neekawusi, amathoyizi, imihombiso yeKrisimesi, amalaphu, kunye nezinto zasekhaya zeplastiki. Ezi zezona zinto ziqhelekileyo ezenza iYiwu yaduma. Oko kuseyinxalenye yomxube, kodwa iprofayili yemithwalo iye yaphuculwa ngokumangalisayo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Ngo-2024, inani leentlobo zezinto ezinokuthunyelwa lalikhule ukusuka kwi-10,000 ukuya kwi-50,000, kwaye ixabiso leempahla ezithunyelwayo minyaka le lalinyuke ukusuka kwi-92 yezigidi zeerandi ukuya kwi-2.62 yezigidi zeerandi.
Namhlanje, oololiwe abasuka eYiwu ukuya entshona bathwala izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, njengezixhobo zeemoto, izixhobo zasekhaya ezikrelekrele, iiphaneli zelanga, iimoto zombane, oomatshini nezixhobo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zefenitshala kunye nezinto zokwakha. Ezi azizo izinto ezincinci abantu abazicingayo; ziziphumo zemveliso ephucukileyo yaseTshayina, ekhuphisana ngomgangatho kunye nexabiso kwiimarike zaseYurophu. Uloliwe oya empuma ukusuka eMadrid uye waba yindlela eqinileyo yeempahla zaseSpain nezaseYurophu eziphezulu zokungena kwimarike yabathengi ekhulayo yaseTshayina.
Ukwahlulwa kwemithwalo ngokwendlela
| icala | Iindidi zeeMveliso eziphambili | Iinkcukacha eziphawulekayo |
| Ukuya eNtshona (eTshayina → eSpain/eYurophu) | Ezobuchwephesha kunye neenxalenye zemoto | Izixhobo ezikrelekrele, izinto ze-EV, iiphaneli zelanga |
| Ukuya eNtshona (eTshayina → eSpain/eYurophu) | Impahla zomthengi | Amalaphu, izinto zokudlala, ifenitshala, imihombiso yeKrisimesi |
| Ukuya eNtshona (eTshayina → eSpain/eYurophu) | Impahla yemizi-mveliso | Oomatshini, izixhobo, izinto zokwakha |
| Ukuya eMpuma (eSpain/eYurophu → eTshayina) | Ukutya kunye neziyobisi | Iibhotile zewayini ebomvu ezimalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi ngonyaka; ioyile yomnquma, iham yase-Iberia |
| Ukuya eMpuma (eSpain/eYurophu → eTshayina) | Ukhathalelo lomntu kunye nezinto zokuthambisa | Ukhathalelo lolusu, iziqholo, iimveliso zempilo-ntle |
| Ukuya eMpuma (eSpain/eYurophu → eTshayina) | Iimpahla ezikhethekileyo | Amanzi eeminerali, iibhisikithi, iziselo ezibandayo, izinto zasekhitshini |
Utshintsho kumxube wemithwalo lubalulekile kuba lubonisa utshintsho kwisakhiwo sobudlelwane bezorhwebo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eSpain eTshayina kutshintshe kakhulu. Umrhwebi kwiYiwu International Trade Market obesoloko ezisa iwayini neoyile yomnquma yaseSpain kangangeminyaka uthe uluhlu lweempahla zaseSpain ezifumaneka eYiwu lukhule kakhulu kwaye iindleko zehle ngaphezulu kwe-30% xa kuthelekiswa ne- imithwalo yolwandle amaxabiso ngaphambi kwexesha lesitimela. Ishedyuli yokuhanjiswa kwempahla ekhawulezayo neqikelelekayo ikwathetha iimveliso zokutya ezintsha kunye notshintsho olukhawulezayo lwemali kubathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe kuzo zombini iindlela.
Impembelelo yoRhwebo: Ngamanani
Idatha yorhwebo yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuqonda utshintsho lwezoqoqosho olubangelwe luqhagamshelo lukaloliwe oluphakathi kweYiwu neMadrid. Xa le nkonzo yaqala ngo-2014, iYiwu neSpain zarhweba malunga neempahla kunye neenkonzo ezixabisa malunga ne-$400 yezigidi ngonyaka. Ngo-2022, elo nani lalikhule laya kwi-$870 yezigidi - ukunyuka kwe-118% kwiminyaka esibhozo kuphela. Kwangelo xesha linye, urhwebo lwaseTshayina neSpain lulonke lwakhula ngamandla, kwaye uqhagamshelo lukaloliwe lwaluluphawu lokukhula kunye nendlela yokwenza oko kwenzeke.
Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala zowama-2024, inani lilonke leempahla ezithunyelwe yiYiwu lifikelele kwi-58.79 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi (malunga ne-$8.05 yeebhiliyoni), ukonyuka konyaka nge-20.3%, ngokutsho kwedatha yeGeneral Administration of Customs. Uthungelwano lwezoololiwe zokuthutha impahla phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu lwenze uhambo olungaphezulu kwe-19,000 ngo-2024, luhambisa ii-TEU ezingaphezu kwe-1.9 yezigidi. Uthungelwano lweYiwu longeze ii-TEU ezingaphezu kwama-98,000 kwiinyanga zokuqala ezisibhozo zowama-2023 kuphela, oko kukuthi ukonyuka nge-12.5% ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ixesha lokukhula koRhwebo: Yiwu-Spain
| Unyaka | Ixabiso loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMabini | Uhambo Lonyaka Lololiwe (Yiwu-Yurophu) | Ixabiso lempahla (i-Yiwu-Europe Network) |
| 2014 | $ 400 yezigidi | 23 | $ 92 yezigidi |
| 2018 | ~ $600 yezigidi (kuqikelelwa) | ~400+ | ~ $800 yezigidi (kuqikelelwa) |
| 2022 | $ 870 yezigidi | 1,000 + | ~ $1.8 yezigidigidi (kuqikelelwa) |
| 2024 | Ukukhulisa (idatha yezithethe) | 1,100 + | $ 2.62 billion |
Uloliwe uphinde watshintsha indlela ekwenziwa ngayo ishishini eTshayina, kungekuphela nje korhwebo. Ngoku kukho iimarike zaseTshayina ezingaphezu kwe-18,000 eSpain, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-60% yeemveliso zabo zivela kwiYiwu. Olu manyano lunzulu luthetha ukuba uloliwe awuthuthi nje imithwalo - kodwa uxhasa inkqubo yonke yamashishini amancinci naphakathi axhomekeke ekuthembekeni nasekusebenziseni kakuhle iindleko. imithwalo kaloliwe ukugcina imixokelelwane yabo yokubonelela.
Uloliwe vs. Ulwandle vs. Umoya: Ukuqonda iiNtengiselwano
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka abantu abathutha impahla bazicinge xa bekhetha indlela esuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid yindlela ehambelana ngayo nezinye iindlela zokuthutha impahla kumazwe ngamazwe. Impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lwempahla, ukuba kufuneka ifike ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kunye nokuba ibiza malini.
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngolwandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eSpain kuseyeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuthumela izinto, ikakhulu kuba kubiza kancinci ngeyunithi nganye kwaye kunokuthwala imithwalo emininzi. Kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35 ukuba isitya sihambe ukusuka eNingbo okanye eShanghai ukuya eValencia, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zixakeke kangakanani na izibuko kunye nexesha lonyaka. Uloyiko lomoya Ingathwala iimveliso kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7, nangona idla ngokubiza ngokuphindwe kane ukuya kwezi-6 kunesitimela. Isitimela siyindlela entle kuba sithatha ixesha elimalunga nesiqingatha kuneempahla zaselwandle, sibiza kancinci kakhulu kuneempahla zomoya, kwaye asinakukwazi ukulibaziseka ngenxa yemozulu embi okanye ukuxinana kweenqanawa, okuye kwabangela iingxaki kwiindlela zaselwandle ngaphambili.
Uthelekiso lweMode: Umthwalo weChina-Spain
| ifashoni | Ixesha lokuhamba | Iindleko ezizalanayo | intembeko | Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni | Eyona ilungiselelwe |
| Uloliwe (Yiwu–Madrid) | Iintsuku eziyi-16-18 | phakathi | Phezulu (iishedyuli ezizinzileyo) | Phantsi-Phakathi | Iimpahla ezinexabiso eliphakathi, ezingaboliyo ezichaphazeleka lixesha |
| Ulwandle uLwandle | Iintsuku eziyi-30-40 | low | Phakathi (imozulu/umngcipheko wezibuko) | low | Iimpahla ezinkulu, ezinzima, ezinexabiso eliphantsi |
| Uloyiko lomoya | Iintsuku eziyi-5-7 | Phezulu kakhulu | Phezulu kakhulu | Phezulu kakhulu | Ixabiso eliphezulu, ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza |
Uloliwe ungcono nakwindalo esingqongileyo ngezinye iindlela. UMphathiswa wezoLimo, iiNtlanzi kunye nokutya waseSpain uLuis Planas waphawula kudliwanondlebe lwango-2024 ukuba iziseko zophuhliso lwesitimela zeBelt and Road Initiative 'zilinyathelo elihle kakhulu ngokwembono yezothutho' waza wancoma ukuba zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunothutho lwaselwandle nolomoya ngokubhekiselele ekukhutshweni komoya ngetoni nganye yekhilomitha. Njengoko iimfuno ze-ESG ziqina kuzo zonke iikhonkco zobonelelo zaseYurophu, olu phawu luya kuba lubaluleke ngakumbi kubangenisi nabathumela ngaphandle abaqaphela ukuthobela imithetho.
I-Geopolitics kunye nokuqina kweNdlela
Akukho ndlela inkulu yorhwebo kwindawo engenabantu kwezopolitiko, kwaye indlela yeYiwu-Madrid ayifani. Ukusukela oko ingxabano phakathi kweRussia neUkraine yanda ngo-2022, kuye kwavela inkxalabo malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kwendlela kaloliwe esemantla edlula kummandla waseRashiya naseBelarus. Iinkampani ezininzi zempahla ezisebenza phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu zijonge ezinye iindlela, ezifana neTrans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), eyaziwa ngokuba yiMiddle Corridor. Le ndlela idlula eKazakhstan, eAzerbaijan, eGeorgia, naseTurkey endaweni yeRashiya.
Kwelinye icala, indlela yaseYiwu-Madrid ibonakalise amandla amaninzi. Abaqhubi kunye neengcali zezothutho zibonise ukuba indlela esemantla edlula eRashiya naseBelarus isasebenza, kwaye imingeni esebenzayo yeMiddle Corridor - kuquka imida yomthamo wenqanawa yaseCaspian Sea, ukuhanjiswa kwezithuthi ezininzi, kunye neziseko zophuhliso zikaloliwe ezingaphuhliswanga kakuhle kwezinye iindawo - kuthetha ukuba ayikayisusi indlela esemantla esekwe ngomlinganiselo. Oko kuthethiweyo, ukwahlukahlukana yinto ephambili, kwaye u-2025 uza kuba ngunyaka omkhulu kubudlelwane baseTshayina neYurophu. Iza kuba yisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50 yobudlelwane be-EU neTshayina kunye nesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-20 yentsebenziswano ebanzi yeqhinga phakathi kweChina neSpain.
UYao Jing, inxusa laseTshayina eSpain, ugxininise ukubaluleka “kokuqiniseka okucwangcisiweyo” kumashishini nakumaziko kumazwe omabini. Kwabathuthi bempahla, olu cwangciso-nkqubo lwezopolitiko luthetha ukuba banokulindela ukuba uloliwe weYiwu-Madrid usebenze rhoqo, uthembeke ngakumbi, kwaye uthwale uluhlu olubanzi lweempahla njengoko oorhulumente bobabini besebenza ukuphucula unxibelelwano lwezoqoqosho.
Imingeni kunye namathuba angaphambili
Nangona indlela yaseYiwu-Madrid ikhule kakhulu, iseneengxaki ezinkulu zokusebenza. Eyona ibalulekileyo yinkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngeegeyiji kwiindawo zokuwela imida, nto leyo eyenza uhambo ngalunye luthathe ixesha elide kwaye kube nzima ukuyicwangcisa. Nangona oku kuye kwaphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kusaqhubeka nokuba ngumqobo kwindlela edlula kwiinkqubo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zeegeyiji zikaloliwe.
Omnye umahluko kukuba iikhonteyina ezifakwe efrijini zinamandla kangakanani. ISpain yenye yezona zithumela iziqhamo nemifuno emitsha kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa okwangoku uloliwe awunazo iikhonteyina ezaneleyo ezifakwe efrijini ukuze zikhonze le marike ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Olu buchule lunokudala umthombo omtsha wengeniso kwiindlela eziya empuma kwaye lulungise enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo zenkonzo.
Ngokwembali, inani leehambo ezibuyayo eziya entshona belingaphantsi kwenani eliya empuma. Oku kungenxa yokuba abathumeli baseYurophu bebecotha ukusebenzisa imakethi yaseTshayina kunabathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina. Ukufumana amashishini amaninzi aseSpain naseYurophu, njengabavelisi, abavelisi bokutya, kunye neenkampani zeempahla zodidi, ukuba bazi ukuba uloliwe yindlela elungileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina kuseyinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni. Iingcali zoshishino kunye nabantu ababukele i-BRI bathi amandla amakhulu angakhange asetyenziswe kukugcwalisa oololiwe abaya empuma ngeempahla ezininzi zaseYurophu. Oku kuya kwenza urhwebo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini lube nolungelelwano ngakumbi.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Eziphezulu Okunokuxhasa Ngayo Uthutho Lwakho LwaseTshayina NaseYurophu
Ukuba neqabane lezothutho elikwaziyo ukusingatha urhwebo olunzima phakathi kweTshayina neSpain kunye neTshayina neYurophu ngokubanzi kwenza umahluko omkhulu kumashishini. Ukusukela ngo-2010, iTopway Shipping — enekomkhulu layo eShenzhen, eTshayina — ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo zezothutho ze-e-commerce eziwela imida, ezisa ubunzulu kunye nokuthembeka kuzo zonke izigaba zekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Iqela labasunguli beTopway linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwihlabathi lokwenyani ekuhanjisweni kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, ingakumbi phakathi kweTshayina kunye nothutho lwaseMelika oluye lwaba yimodeli yenkonzo epheleleyo kwihlabathi liphela. Lo mbutho unokusingatha zonke iindawo zekhonkco lezothutho, ukusuka kuthutho lwasekhaya oluhamba phambili ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla elwandle ukuya ekukhutshweni kwempahla ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwempahla ngokukhawuleza. ITopway ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha imithwalo yolwandle eguquguqukayo (FCL) kunye nemithwalo yomthwalo engaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (LCL) ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela kumashishini athumela impahla kwamanye amazwe eYurophu okanye evela eYurophu.
Njengoko indlela yeYiwu-Madrid ibaluleke ngakumbi kwaye amashishini amaninzi efuna ukusebenzisa umxube wesitimela, ulwandle, okanye iindlela ezininzi zokuhambisa iimveliso phakathi kweTshayina neSpain, kuya kuba kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba neqabane lezothutho elaziyo okuninzi malunga nezithethe kwaye elinokubona yonke into ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni. I-Topway Shipping isebenze neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi kunye namagunya eerhafu, okwenza kube yibhulorho eqinileyo kumashishini afuna ukusebenzisa amathuba orhwebo aqhubeka evuleka yile ndlela ikhethekileyo yokuthutha impahla.
Oko Kuthethwa Yile Nto Kumashishini E-E-Commerce Asebenzisa I-Cross-Border
Ukukhula kothutho lwezithuthi zikaloliwe phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu kube nefuthe elikhulu kurhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida. Kubathengisi baseTshayina abathumela iimpahla kwiimarike zaseYurophu nakumashishini aseSpain azama ukufikelela kubathengi baseTshayina, uloliwe unika into engayiboneleli rhoqo ngothutho lwezithuthi zaselwandle: ukuqikelelwa kwangaphambili. Ngamaxesha okuhamba amiselweyo, ukuthunyelwa okulandelekayo, kunye namaxesha okuhamba aqikelelweyo eentsuku ezili-16 ukuya kwezili-18, iinkampani zorhwebo lwe-e-commerce zinokugcina iliso elingcono kwimpahla yazo kunakwimpahla yolwandle, apho ukulibaziseka kweentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezili-10 kuxhaphake khona.
Ukukhula kwendlela iYiwu-Madrid kukwakhawulezise uphuhliso lwezisombululo zokugcina iimpahla phesheya. Njengoko abathengisi abaninzi baseTshayina be-e-commerce abawela imida besakha izabelo zabo kufutshane nabathengi baseYurophu, kuya kuba nomtsalane ngakumbi ukuphinda kufakwe ezo venkile ngololiwe endaweni yokuhamba ngenqwelo moya. Inyani yokuba ixabisa kancinci kunomoya kwaye ikhawuleza kunolwandle idala ifestile yezothutho enceda ngokuthe ngqo amashishini e-e-commerce athengisa kwiindawo ezifana neAmazon Europe, iAliExpress yaseAlibaba, kunye nemarike yedijithali yase-El Corte Inglés yaseSpain.
Kwelinye icala, abavelisi bokutya bobugcisa baseSpain nabaseYurophu, iindawo zewayini, kunye neenkampani zeempahla zabathengi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngoku zinendlela elula yokungena kwimarike ye-e-commerce yaseTshayina, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana neTmall Global kunye neJD International, apho imfuno yeempahla zaseYurophu zokwenyani isakhula. Kule meko, uloliwe waseYiwu-Madrid awuyondlela nje yokuhambisa iimpahla. Sisiseko sesizukulwana sonke sorhwebo lwedijithali oluhamba ngeendlela ezimbini.
isiphelo
Uloliwe wempahla iYiwu-Madrid uhambe indlela ende ukusukela oko wakhiwa njengenxalenye yeBelt and Road Initiative. Ube nguloliwe wempahla omde kakhulu kwihlabathi kwiminyaka engaphezulu nje kwelishumi. Ukwabonakalisiwe ukuba yindlela elungileyo yokunceda urhwebo kwaye ukhokelele kutshintsho olukhulu kwindlela iTshayina neSpain ezifumana, ezithengisa, nezisebenzisa ngayo iimpahla zomnye nomnye. Amanani ayamangalisa: uhambo oluya nokubuya oluyi-1,800, iikhonteyina ezili-145,500, kunye nemithwalo exabisa ngaphezulu kwe-$8 yeebhiliyoni kwindlela yaseMadrid kuphela. Kodwa zixela inxalenye yebali kuphela.
Utshintsho olunzulu lulwakhiwo: amashishini kumacala omabini e-Eurasia atshintshe indlela aphatha ngayo izinto ngenxa yale ndlela. Iwayini yaseSpain kunye neoyile yomnquma ngoku zintsha kwaye zitshiphu kubathengi baseTshayina kunangaphambili. Kuthatha isiqingatha sexesha kwiiphaneli zelanga zaseTshayina kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele ukufika eMadrid ngempahla yomoya njengoko kunjalo ngempahla yolwandle. Umxube wempahla uhlala utshintsha, nto leyo ebonisa indlela iingenelo zokuthelekiswa zelizwe ngalinye ezitshintsha ngayo.
Uloliwe iYiwu-Madrid awulokhetho olukhethekileyo okanye uvavanyo lwamashishini athengisa phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu. Luphawu oluvuthiweyo, olukhulayo, nolubaluleke ngakumbi kwimeko yezothutho yehlabathi. Ukwazi oko lunokukwenza noko lungenakukwenza, kunye nendlela yalo yexesha elizayo, kunye nokusebenza neengcali zothutho eziyaziyo indlela yokujongana nalo lithuba lokhuphiswano eliya kukhula kuphela njengoko urhwebo phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu lukhula.
FAQs
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba uloliwe wempahla waseYiwu-Madrid ugqibe uhambo olunye?
A: Ixesha lokuhamba ukusuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid ngoku limalunga neentsuku ezili-16 ukuya kwezili-18. Ngokuthuthwa ngenqanawa, kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-40.
Q: Zeziphi iintlobo zeempahla ezinokuthunyelwa ngololiwe iYiwu-Madrid?
A: Izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zithunyelwa, njengezixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zeemoto, iiphaneli zelanga, iimpahla zabathengi, ifenitshala, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino eziya entshona; kunye newayini yaseSpain, ioyile yomnquma, iham yase-Iberia, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye neemveliso zokutya eziya empuma.
Q: Ingaba imithwalo kaloliwe ibiza kancinci kunemithwalo yomoya kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina ukuya eSpain?
A: Ewe, ininzi kakhulu. Impahla kaloliwe idla ngokuba nexabiso eliphantsi kuneyomoya, kodwa isathatha malunga nesiqingatha sexesha lempahla yolwandle. Oku kwenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimpahla ekufuneka zifike apho ngokukhawuleza kodwa zingabalulekanga kangako.
Q: Ingaba ingxabano phakathi kweRussia neUkraine ichaphazele inkonzo kaloliwe yaseYiwu neMadrid?
A: Ukusukela ngo-2022, le ndlela, edlula eRashiya naseBelarus, ibisoloko ihlolwa, kodwa isavuliwe. Njengendlela yokuxhasa nokwahlukahluka, kusetyenzwa enye indlela edlula kwiMiddle Corridor (eKazakhstan, eAzerbaijan, eGeorgia, naseTurkey).
Q: Ukuthunyelwa kweTopway kunganceda njani ngempahla eChina-Yurophu?
A: I-Topway Shipping ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezipheleleyo zothutho, ezinje ngothutho oluya kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukususwa kwempahla kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukugcinwa kwezinto phesheya kweelwandle, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweempahla eziya kufikelela kwinqanaba lokugqibela. Bakwanikezela ngempahla yolwandle ye-FCL kunye ne-LCL esuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili ehlabathi. I-Topway ibisebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 kwaye ixhotyiswe kakuhle ukunceda iinkampani zithuthele iimpahla phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu.
