Indlela Yokuthumela Iimpahla Eziyingozi Zisuka ETshayina - Kwaye Zeziphi IiPort Eziza Kuzamkela Ngokwenene
Unyaka ngamnye amawaka eekhonteyina ezizaliswe yimithwalo esemthethweni neyingenelo ngokupheleleyo ayasuswa kwizibuko zaseTshayina ngesizathu esinye: kwenye indawo kwimveliso kukho ibhetri, i-aerosol, ulwelo olubangela umkhuhlane okanye ikhemikhali ephoswe ngamaxwebhu. Ukuthumela izinto eziyingozi ezivela eTshayina akuyonto nje yokuphawula ibhokisi kwifomu yokubhukisha. Ngumsebenzi wokuthobela imithetho enamaleko, obandakanya ukuhlelwa, uxwebhu, ukupakishwa, kunye—mhlawumbi neyona nto ingathathelwa ngqalelo—imigaqo-nkqubo ethile yezibuko kunye nesiphelo oceba ukuyisebenzisa.
Esi sikhokelo sikunceda uqonde ukuba yintoni eyenza umahluko phakathi kwe iimpahla eziyingozi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kuhamba ngokulula okanye ukuhlala ebaleni kuqokelela amaxabiso okunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuba amazibuko aseTshayina avulelekile na ekuphatheni imithwalo elawulwayo ngo-2026.
Kutheni Imithwalo Eyingozi Ingamkeleki Ngaphezu Kwalo Naluphi Na Olunye Uhlobo Lwempahla
Uninzi lwempahla elahliweyo xa isuka ayithethi ngemveliso ngokwayo. Imalunga nomahluko phakathi koko kuthethwa ngamaphepha kunye noko izibuko, isiphelo sendlela okanye umthwali azimisele ukukuthwala nangaliphi na usuku. Ukuthunyelwa kunokuba semthethweni ngokupheleleyo ngokweencwadi zomthetho zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa kusenokurhoxiswa ngenxa yokuba indawo ethile yokugcina imithwalo ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokugcina umngcipheko, okanye ngenxa yokuba iphulo lokhuseleko lwengingqi liye laqina okwethutyana emva kwesiganeko esingadibaniyo kwenye indawo kweli lizwe.
Enye yezona zinto zifihlakeleyo ngamandla esiphelo. Kukho indawo encinci yokugcina iimveliso eziyingozi ezihlukaniswe neekhemikhali ezingahambelaniyo kwaye awunakuzibeka nje naphi na kwindawo yokugcina izikhongozeli. Ngexesha lokuthunyelwa okuninzi, xa indawo yokugcina impahla yesikhululo seenqwelo-mafutha igcwele, ukubhukisha ngamanye amaxesha kuyamiswa okanye kutshintshelwe kwenye indlela, ngesaziso seentsuku ezimbalwa.
Kukwakho nomgibe woxwebhu obamba abantu abaqalayo ukuthunyelwa ngalo lonke ixesha. Into ebonakala ngathi yimpahla eqhelekileyo - isixhobo sokhathalelo lolusu esinebhetri eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, imveliso yokucoca ene-volatible propellant, ikhithi yesampulu enebhotile encinci ye-solvent - inokuguquka ngokuzolileyo ibe ziimveliso ezibulalayo xa umntu efunda i-SDS okanye ejonga i-flash point. Ukuba olo luhlu alwenziwanga kwangethuba, luya kuvela entlokweni yalo embi kamva njengokwala ukubhukisha okanye okubi ngakumbi ukuthunyelwa okubanjwe esangweni lesiphelo.
I-Rulebook Stack: IMDG, IATA, kunye ne-China's Domestic Layer
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle kufuneka kuhambelane neemfuno zeKhowudi yeeMpahla eziyingozi zaseLwandle yaMazwe ngaMazwe, epapashwe yi-International Maritime Organisation kwaye ifunwa sisivumelwano se-SOLAS. Ngomhla woku-1 kweyoMqungu ngo-2026, uhlelo luka-2024, uLungiso 42-24, lwaba ngumgangatho oyimfuneko kuphela kwaye lwathatha indawo yohlelo lwangaphambili ngokupheleleyo. Lwadala izakhiwo ezintsha zenani leempahla zebhetri ze-UN, lwandisa iimfuno zamaxwebhu kwaye, okokuqala, lwahlulahlula iibhetri, iimveliso ezisebenza ngebhetri kunye nezithuthi ezisebenza ngebhetri kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Uloyiko lomoya ilawulwa yiMithetho ye-IATA yeeMpahla eziyingozi, ehlengahlengiswa minyaka le. Inguqulelo yama-67 yangoku iya kulawula ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2026.
Kwaye phezu kwazo zombini kukho iziseko zothutho zangaphakathi zaseTshayina, ezimisela indlela ezithuthwa ngayo izinto eziyingozi ngendlela ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwizibuko. Imithetho yezothutho lwendlela zasekuhlaleni yahlukile ngokwephondo nangesixeko, kwaye inokuqiniswa ngequbuliso, ngakumbi ngexesha lezikhumbuzo zeziganeko zembali okanye ngamaxesha apho oorhulumente basekuhlaleni beqhuba amaphulo okuhlola ukhuseleko. Kwanephakheji ehambelana ngokupheleleyo nephepha lothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe inokuyeka ukuba umlenze welori ngaphakathi eTshayina awuhambelani nemigangatho yasekuhlaleni yokucwangciswa kweshedyuli yokulandwa, ukuhanjiswa kwezithuthi okanye iimvume zezithuthi.
Akukho nanye kwezi zigaba zintathu, i-IMDG, i-IATA kunye nemithetho yezothutho yasekhaya yaseTshayina esebenza yodwa. Ukuba nesibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle esithobelayo akuthethi nto ukuba ilori ehambise isitya kwisikhululo yayingenalayisenisi yokuthwala olo hlobo lobungozi kuloo ndlela.
Udidi luza kuqala: Inombolo ye-UN kunye negama elifanelekileyo lokuthunyelwa
Ngaphambi kokuba wenze nantoni na enye—ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe, ngaphambi kokuba upakishe, ngaphambi kokuba uthethe nomntu othumela impahla malunga namaxabiso—impahla ifuna inombolo ye-UN kunye neGama lokuThunyelwa eliLungileyo. Ezi zinto zimbini zilawula yonke into engezantsi: nokuba iMiyalelo yokuPakisha iyasebenza na, zeziphi iilebhile ezivela ebhokisini, nokuba ukuthunyelwa kuyafaneleka na kwimithetho yeLimited Quantity okanye yeExcepted Quantity, kunye nokuba zeziphi iinkampani eziya kwamkela ukubhukisha.
Kulapho ke uninzi lwabathumeli ngaphandle lujonga khona umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ukwahlulahlula akuyonto yokuqikelela ngokusekelwe kwindlela ebonakala ngayo imveliso, kodwa kukuzimisela kobugcisa okusekelwe kwi-SDS, idatha yovavanyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, uhlalutyo oluthe ngqo lweekhemikhali. Iimveliso ezimbini ezibonakala zifana ncamashi kumgangatho wefektri - masithi iipakethi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zebhetri ye-lithium ezineekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo okanye useto lwe-state-of-charge - zinokuba neenombolo ze-UN ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha.
Iibhetri zeSodium-ion zingumzekelo omhle kakhulu wendlela esi sithuba esiguquka ngayo ngokukhawuleza. Amanani azo e-UN asandul’ ukusekwa kwaye abathumeli abaqhubeka nokuwahlula njengoko babenjalo ngeeseli ze-lithium-ion bahlangatyezwa kukubhukishwa okwalahlwa njengoko abathwali behlaziya iinkqubo zabo zokuhlola.
Umzila Wephepha: Oko Kujongwayo Xa Kubhukwa
Ngoko ke umhla wokugqibela wokulungisa amaphepha lixesha lokubhukisha, kungekhona usuku lokungena. Iinkampani zokuthutha kunye neetheminali ziya zihlola amaphepha eempahla eziyingozi ngaphambi kokuba isitya sifike esangweni lezibuko. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa amaxwebhu aqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokubhukisha imithwalo yaselwandle ezivela eTshayina:
| Uxwebhu | Oko Kuyimiselayo |
| iPhepha leDatha yoKhuseleko (SDS) | Isiseko sobuchwephesha semveliso esinamacandelo ali-16, kuquka ukuhlelwa kweengozi ze-GHS kunye nolwazi lokuthuthwa oluchazwe kwiCandelo le-14. |
| iDangerous Goods Declaration | Isatifikethi esisayinwe ngumthumeli, phantsi kwe-IMDG yolwandle okanye ifomu ye-IATA yomoya, eqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo uhlelwe, upakishwe, uphawulwe, kwaye ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ngabasebenzi abaqinisekisiweyo yi-DG kuphela abanokusayina. |
| Isishwankathelo sovavanyo lwe-UN38.3 | Iyimfuneko kwi-lithium kunye ne-sodium-ion battery cargo, eqinisekisa ukuba iiseli okanye iipakethi ziphumelele iimvavanyo ezisibhozo eziyimfuneko eziquka ukuphakama, ukujikeleza kobushushu, ukungcangcazela, ukutshayiswa, nokunye. |
| Isiqinisekiso sokuPakisha iSikhongozeli/iMoto | Iqinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli sifakwe ngokwemigaqo yokwahlulwahlulwa kwe-IMDG, sigcina izinto ezingahambelaniyo zahlukene ngaphakathi kwebhokisi. |
| Ingxelo yokuchongwa kweekhemikhali eziyingozi | Icelwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezinkulu zaseTshayina, ekhutshwa yilabhoratri evunyiweyo yomntu wesithathu, kwaye idla ngokufuneka iiyure ezimiselweyo ngaphambi kokufika kwenqanawa. |
Uxwebhu lwebhetri yeLithium luhlolisiswa ngakumbi
Kuzo zonke iindidi zobungozi, umthwalo webhetri yeyona ijongwa kakhulu kuba xa umlilo webhetri ye-lithium uqala, kunzima ukuwucima. Ukongeza kwisibhengezo esiqhelekileyo se-SDS kunye ne-DG, kuya kufuneka unikeze isishwankathelo sovavanyo lwe-UN38.3 esivela kwilabhoratri evunyiweyo ngokufanelekileyo, isatifikethi sokupakisha esihambelana noqwalaselo lwebhetri oluchaziweyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ulwazi olongezelelweyo lokuvelisa olufana nesatifikethi solawulo lomgangatho okanye uluhlu lomhla wokuveliswa kwefektri. Akukho nanye kwezi zinto engaqhelekanga. Iinkampani ezithwalayo ziye zatshiswa ngaphambili kukungangqinelani phakathi koko kuthethwa sisibhengezo sebhetri kunye noko kwafakwa ngokwenene kwibhokisi, kwaye ngoku bongeza ezinye iitshekhi ngokukodwa ukubamba loo msantsa.
Ukupakisha, Ukulebhelisha, kunye neNyaniso ebonakalayo ye-DG Cargo
Amaphepha alungileyo awayilungisi ipakeji engafanelekanga. Ukupakisha kwangaphandle kweempahla ezinobungozi kufuneka kuphawulwe ngenombolo echanekileyo ye-UN, Igama loThumelo eliLungileyo, idayimani yodidi oluchanekileyo lwengozi, kwaye kwimeko yokuthunyelwa kwebhetri, uphawu lokuphatha ibhetri ye-lithium olunikezelweyo, olusebenza nakwimpahla ye-sodium-ion ngoku. Iileyibhile kufuneka zifundeke ubuncinane kumacala amabini achaseneyo epakeji kwaye kwimpahla ye-DG ekwisikhongozeli, iimpawu kufuneka zibe kumacala amaninzi ebhokisi, kungekhona elinye kuphela.
Ukubhala iilebheli kubaluleke njengokwahlulahlula. Iikhompawundi ezingahambelaniyo azinakuphathwa kunye kwisikhongozeli esinye kwaye iKhowudi ye-IMDG inetheyibhile yokwahlulahlula eneenkcukacha ukuze kubonwe ukuba zeziphi iindidi zengozi ezinokuba kunye nezingenakubekwa ecaleni kwenye. Kwimithwalo ye-DG, ukufaka isitya kwisikhongozeli kudla ngokuba kwindawo yokugcina impahla elawulwa yirhafu endaweni yedokhi yokulayisha eqhelekileyo yefektri, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba iingcango zivaliwe kufanelekile ukuthatha iifoto zangaphakathi kwesikhongozeli, zonke iilebheli kunye nenombolo yesitywina. Ukuba kuvela ibango lomonakalo wemithwalo okanye ingxabano malunga nokuthobela imithetho, loo mifanekiso yeyona nto iluncedo kakhulu onayo.
Kufanelekile ukubandakanya umkhenkce owomileyo apha, njengoko abathuthi bedla ngokuwuthatha kancinci. Xa uphantsi, ukhupha igesi yekhabhoni dayokhsayidi enokubangela uxinzelelo kwisikhongozeli esivaliweyo okanye idale ingozi yokufuduka kweoksijini kwindawo evalekileyo. Nokuba umthwalo oyintloko wothutho awulawulwa ngenye indlela, ukusetyenziswa komkhenkce owomileyo njengesibandisi kunokusebenzisa yonke imigaqo yokuphatha iimpahla eziyingozi.
Zeziphi iiPorts zaseTshayina eziya kwamkela imithwalo yakho eyingozi
Le yeyona nto uninzi lwezikhokelo lungayiboniyo, kwaye mhlawumbi yeyona ibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni. Amazibuko amabini angathi ayakwazi ukuthatha udidi oluthile lomngcipheko, kodwa aya kuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokwenene, kuba ekugqibeleni ukwamkelwa kuxhomekeke kumgaqo-nkqubo othile wesiphelo, umthamo wokugcina okhoyo kunye nendlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaye badlula ngayo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko. Inkcazo engezantsi isekelwe kwiindlela ezibanzi eziya kutsho ngo-2026, nangona kunjalo umgaqo-nkqubo wemithwalo enobungozi kwizibuko elithile laseTshayina unokutshintsha ngaphandle kwesaziso esincinci kuluntu, ngoko cinga ngale ndawo njengendawo yokuqalisa incoko nomntu othumela impahla yakho hayi isiqinisekiso.
| Iqela lePort / iTerminal | Ukwamkelwa kweKlasi yeeNgozi eziqhelekileyo | Amanqaku Aluncedo |
| IShanghai (Yangshan / Waigaoqiao) | Uluhlu olubanzi, kodwa luyahluka ngokwesiphelo kunye ne-berth | Ifuna ingxelo yokuchonga iikhemikhali eziyingozi kunye nokuhlelwa kweqela lesithathu engeniswe malunga nosuku ngaphambi kokufika kwenqanawa. Inkungu yasebusika ejikeleze indawo enamanzi anzulu aseYangshan inokutyhala iifestile ezingenayo. |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kuquka umthwalo webhetri ye-lithium | Ifanelekile kakhulu kubathengisi bangaphandle abavela eZhejiang. Iiterminal apha zifuna iingxelo zovavanyo lwe-UN38.3 kuyo yonke ibhetri ye-lithium ebhukishwayo ukusukela ngo-2025, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa kudla ngokuhambelana kunokuba kube ngamaxesha athile onyaka. |
| I-Shenzhen (Yantian / Chiwan / Shekou) | Iiklasi 2.2, 3, 5.1, 8, kunye ne-9 uninzi lwee-terminals ezisebenzisa i-DG | Ayizizo zonke iindawo zokuhlala kwiShenzhen cluster eziphatha iimpahla eziyingozi, kwaye isikhongozeli esikwindawo enye sinokujikiswa kwenye kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa endleleni. Soloko uqinisekisa kwinqanaba lendawo yokugcina, kungekuphela nje kwinqanaba lezibuko. |
| Qingdao | Inamandla kwiikhemikhali, iibhetri, kunye nemithwalo enzima ye-DG yemizi-mveliso | Ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezizenzekelayo kutshanje kuye kwanciphisa ukujikeleza kweenqanawa, kwaye umthamo we-DG yokugcina impahla uye wanda, nto leyo enceda ekunqatshelweni kwemida yokugcina ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo. |
| Xiamen | Ilinganiselwe, kwaye iyancipha kwezinye ii-sub-terminals | Ezinye iiterminal ezincinci kwindawo yaseXiamen ziyekile ukuphatha iimpahla eziyingozi kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Musa ukucinga ukuba uthutho lonyaka ophelileyo lusasebenza; qinisekisa kwakhona i-sub-terminal ethile ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe. |
| Tianjin / Xingang | Ityala ngetyala, ngokubanzi ziqinile kunezibuko ezisemazantsi | Amazibuko aseMantla athwale imigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo ye-hazmat ukusukela kwisiganeko sezibuko esapapashwa kakuhle ngo-2015, kwaye ukuvunywa apha kudla ngokuthatha ixesha elide kwaye kubandakanya amanqanaba amaninzi ophononongo lwasekuhlaleni. |
| I-Guangzhou (Nansha) | Iphakathi kwaye ikhula | Enye indlela esebenzayo yokuthumela ngaphandle iikhemikhali neebhetri eMzantsi China xa iindawo zokuhlala zaseYantian zibhukishwe ngokupheleleyo okanye udidi oluthile lwengozi luthintelwe okwethutyana apho. |
Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ekufuneka zikhankanywe ngaphaya kwetafile. Amazibuko asemazantsi ajikeleze iPearl River Delta, ingakumbi iqela laseShenzhen, adla ngokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kubavelisi bebhetri kunye ne-elektroniki eMzantsi China, kodwa loo nto inokwenzeka ngokukodwa kwisiphelo sendlela, hayi kwizibuko lonke. Amazibuko asempuma ajikeleze iShanghai kunye neNingbo anemithwalo ephezulu kunye neziseko zempahla eziyingozi kakhulu eziguqulela ekusebenzeni ukuba zamkelwe ngakumbi kodwa zibhalwe phantsi kakhulu. Amazibuko aseMantla, ngamanye amaxesha anexesha elide lokuhanjiswa, ahlala ehlala egcina izinto emva kokuqhuma okukhulu kwamazibuko ngo-2015 okwachaza ngokutsha umgaqo-nkqubo we-hazmat kulo lonke eli candelo.
Apho izibuko elithandwayo lingavumi ukwamkela udidi oluthile lwengozi, iHong Kong ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yindawo esebenzisekayo yokuhambisa imithwalo eya kwiinethiwekhi zokusasazwa kwelizwekazi. Ukutshintsha ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka kwi-LCL ukuya kumthwalo wesikhongozeli opheleleyo kunokuphucula amathuba okwamkelwa, njengoko iiterminal ezininzi zisebenzisa imiqathango ekhululekileyo kwiimpahla eziyingozi ze-FCL kunokwabelana ngemithwalo ye-LCL edibeneyo nekhonteyina enokuthunyelwa okungahambelaniyo.
Iibhetri zeLithium: Udidi oluphazamisa phantse wonke umntu
Iibhetri zeLithium zifanelekela icandelo lazo njengoko zingumthombo omkhulu wobunzima bokuthunyelwa kwe-DG obuvela eTshayina, ngobuninzi. ITshayina iseyinkokheli yehlabathi ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kweeseli ze-lithium, iipakethi zebhetri kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza ngeebhetri, kwaye imeko-bume yolawulo ejikeleze ezi mveliso itshintshile kakhulu ngaphambi kowama-2026.
Imeko yokutshaja ibaluleke kakhulu. Iibhetri eziziswa ngomoya zihlala zilinganiselwe kwimeko yokutshaja engama-30 ekhulwini, kwaye nantoni na engaphezu kweeyure ezili-100 zeewatt ayivumelekanga kwiinqwelo-moya zabakhweli ngokupheleleyo, ihamba kuphela kwiinqwelo-moya ezizinikeleyo. Uninzi lwezibuko luthambile ngakumbi kwimeko yokutshaja. imithwalo yolwandle, nangona kunjalo ezinye iiterminals zikwayikhawulela kwi-30 ekhulwini. Ezinye zivumela uluhlu olukhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiqela lokupakisha kunye nobungakanani obubandakanyekayo.
Imithetho emibini emitsha yasekhaya yaseTshayina ibonelela ngomaleko omtsha ngokukodwa kwimithwalo yebhetri: omnye uphathelele ukhuseleko lwebhetri ye-lithium ethwala iinqanawa, kwaye omnye uphathelele ukuhamba kweemveliso zebhetri ngeendlela ezininzi, zombini ziqale ukusebenza ukususela ngo-2026. Isiphumo esipheleleyo semfuno yovavanyo lwe-UN38.3 lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neendidi zebhetri ze-IMDG ezihlaziyiweyo kukuba ukuthunyelwa kwebhetri ngoku kujongwa ngakumbi kwangethuba kwinkqubo, rhoqo kwinqanaba lokubhukisha, kunokuba kubekho iingxaki ezivela kuphela xa umthwalo ufika kwisiphelo.
Ukukhetha uMthumeli Onokuhambisa Izinto Eziyingozi
Ukuhambisa iimpahla eziyingozi ngomnye wemizekelo ecacileyo apho ukukhetha umthengisi weempahla kutshintsha iziphumo, kungekuphela nje iindleko. Umthengisi ongenabasebenzi abaqinisekisiweyo yi-DG akanakusayina ngokusemthethweni isibhengezo se-IMDG. Umthengisi ongenalo ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kwi-terminal ethile ngesiqhelo akanakufumana impendulo ecacileyo malunga nokuba loo terminal iza kuthatha iklasi ethile yeengozi kule nyanga, ingasathethwa ke ngale veki.
Ezi zinto zincinci zokusebenza zisisiseko sendlela yokuhambisa impahla kwi-intanethi enqumla imida yeTopway Shipping enekomkhulu laseShenzhen, ebisebenza ukusukela ngo-2010. Iqela elisungule linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla yerhafu kunye nobuchule obunzulu kwiindlela zothutho zaseTshayina nase-US ezinobuninzi bebhetri kunye nempahla ye-elektroniki yabathengi. I-Topway Shipping inokugubungela lonke uthotho lwempahla yerhafu ukusuka ekuthuthweni kwe-1 ukusuka kumzi-mveliso nakwiindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya ukuya ekususweni kwempahla yerhafu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-1st mile. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla enobungozi kunokulandelwa kwaye kulungiswe kuyo yonke inyathelo, kungekuphela nje phakathi kwamaqela angaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi abona umlenze omnye wohambo.
Kwabathumela impahla kwamanye amazwe abacinga nge-FCL vs. LCL xa bebhukisha iimpahla ezinobungozi, iTopway Shipping inikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ezineekhonteyina ezigcweleyo kunye nemithwalo engaphantsi kwekhonteyina ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye kubalulekile kwimithwalo ye-hazmat kuba imigaqo-nkqubo yesiphelo ithanda ukubhukisha i-FCL kuneekhonteyina ezabelwana ngazo. Kukwakho nenzuzo esebenzayo yokusebenza nomthumeli osebenza eShenzhen kwabo bathumela impahla besuka kwisiseko sokuvelisa iPearl River Delta - ukusondela kwiikhonteyina ngokwazo kuthetha iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo xa umgaqo-nkqubo we-DG we-berth ethile utshintsha, endaweni yesikhokelo esiqhelekileyo esisenokuba sele siphelelwe lixesha.
Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Ezibangela Ukuba Ukubhukisha Kungamkeleki
Ezi mpazamo zimbalwa zinokuphepheka zibangela ukuba i-DG ingavumi ukwamkela izinto ezininzi. Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo mhlawumbi kukungalungi kakuhle uhlobo lwemveliso njengomthwalo oqhelekileyo kuba akukho mntu uyijongileyo ngokwaneleyo i-SDS, kwaye idla ngokubonakala ngexesha elibi kakhulu, emva kokuba isitya sigcwele ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukubhukisha inqanawa kugqityiwe.
Emva koko kukho ulungelelwaniso lwebhetri olungahambelaniyo. I-terminal ingala ukuthunyelwa okanye iyiphawule ukuze kuphandwe ukuba ithi ulungelelwaniso lwepakethi enye kwaye ikhathoni inolungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo, nokuba kukho umahluko omncinci kwinani leeseli okanye iingcingo, umzekelo. Amaxwebhu akhoyo ngokwethiyori kodwa angangqinelaniyo—njenge-SDS ebhekisa kuhlelo oludala lwe-IMDG okanye isatifikethi sokupakisha esingaphambi kokufakwa kwento—adala iingxaki ezifanayo, nto leyo ebonisa umvavanyi ukuba kukho into ethile ephepheni engahlaziywanga ngokufanelekileyo.
Omnye umthombo ongathethiyo wokulibaziseka kukucinga ukuba uthutho lonyaka ophelileyo lusasebenza. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-hazmat wezibuko kunye nesiphelo saseTshayina ulandele indlela yokuhamba ngaphandle kwesaziso sikawonke-wonke, ngamanye amaxesha uqina emva kwesiganeko sokhuseleko esingadibaniyo naphi na kweli lizwe, ngamanye amaxesha uyancipha njengoko amandla amatsha e-DG egcina impahla efumanekayo. Okwasebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini ezidlulileyo akusisiqinisekiso sokuba kuya kusebenza namhlanje.
isiphelo
Ukuthumela ngempumelelo izinto ezinobungozi ezivela eTshayina malunga nokusondela ekuthobeleni imithetho njengenkqubo eqala kwinqanaba lokufumana impahla, kungekhona njengefomu yokuzalisa ngaphambi nje kokubhukisha. Ukufumana inombolo ye-UN kunye neGama lokuThunyelwa elifanelekileyo ngokuchanekileyo, ukuhlanganisa iseti epheleleyo nehambelanayo yamaxwebhu, ukupakisha kunye nokubhala iilebheli ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemigaqo ye-IMDG okanye ye-IATA, kwaye - okubaluleke kakhulu - ukuqinisekisa izibuko kunye nesiphelo esithile esiya kuthatha impahla kule nyanga, endaweni yokuthembela kwiingcinga zakudala, kugqiba ngokudibeneyo ukuba ukuthunyelwa kuphuma ngexesha okanye kuhlala kwindawo yokugcina impahla ebiza iindleko zokugcina.
Ngenxa yokuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokwamkelwa kwiizibuko zaseTshayina unokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza nangaphandle kwesilumkiso esikhulu, indlela ekhuselekileyo kukusebenzisa umntu othumela impahla onokubona umgaqo-nkqubo we-terminal endaweni yolwazi olusisiseko lolawulo. Loo mpahla inokuba yinani leebhetri ze-lithium, imveliso ye-aerosol okanye i-chemical compound efunyenwe kwiveki ephelileyo ukuba ifuna inombolo ye-UN kwaphela. Kodwa ukufumana udidi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngaphambi kokuba isitya silayishwe kusengabizi kakhulu kunokusilungisa emva kokwaliwa.
FAQs
Q: Ndingathumela iimveliso zebhetri ye-lithium ezivela eTshayina ngaphandle kwengxelo yovavanyo lwe-UN38.3?
A: Akunjalo phantse kuzo zonke iimeko. Ukususela ngo-2025, amazibuko afana neNingbo ebecela amaxwebhu e-UN38.3 okubhukisha iibhetri ze-lithium, kwaye uninzi lwamanye amazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina ngoku alindele ukuba kube yinto eqhelekileyo yokuthunyelwa kweenqanawa kunye neenqwelo-moya.
Q: Ingaba kubiza kancinci ukuthumela iimpahla ezinobungozi ngolwandle okanye ngenqwelomoya ezivela eTshayina?
A: Ngokubanzi, ulwandle lubiza kancinci kakhulu kwizinto eziyingozi – ludla ngokuba nexabiso eliphantsi ngokuphindwe kahlanu ukuya kwi-10 kunomoya kwimpahla efanayo. Kodwa umoya usafanelekile kwiibhetri ezincinci nezingxamisekileyo ezimalunga ne-800kg ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zelizwe.
Q: Ngaba zonke iiterminals ezikwizibuko elinye laseTshayina zamkela iiklasi ezifanayo zeengozi?
A: Hayi, akunjalo konke konke. Ukwamkelwa kukwinqanaba lesiphelo, kungekhona kwinqanaba lezibuko. Oku kuthetha ukuba udidi lweengozi oluvunyelweyo kwindawo enye kwizibuko ezifana neShenzhen okanye iShanghai lunokuthintelwa okanye lungavunyelwa kwenye indawo kwizibuko elifanayo kwisixeko sezibuko.
Q: Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba imveliso yam iphuma iyimpahla enobungozi emva kokuba sele ndiyibhukishile njengempahla eqhelekileyo?
A: Ngokwesiqhelo ukubhukisha kuya kwaliwa okanye kumiswe xa kufunyenwe ukungangqinelani kwaye ukuthunyelwa kufuneka kuhlelwe ngokutsha, kupakishwe kwakhona kwaye kubhalwe kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba kuthuthwe nto leyo edla ngokubangela ukulibaziseka kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlela ngokuchanekileyo kwasekuqaleni.
Q: Ngaba umntu othumela impahla ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso se-DG angaphatha ukuthunyelwa kwam okuyingozi?
A: Hayi. Izibhengezo zeempahla eziyingozi ze-IMDG kunye ne-IATA zinokusayinwa kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo nabaqinisekisiweyo abanoqeqesho kunye nesatifikethi esithile seempahla eziyingozi. Umntu otyikitye ongaqeqeshwanga kwaye ongaqinisekiswanga kwiimpahla eziyingozi unokuphelisa uxwebhu lokuthunyelwa.
