Iingxaki zeSiko lasePeru ngexesha le-CNY: Oko Abathumeli Bempahla Abafanele Bakwazi
intshayelelo
Unyaka ngamnye, uNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina (i-CNY) utshintsha indlela urhwebo oluhamba ngayo kwihlabathi liphela. Iifektri ziyehla okanye zivalwe, amazibuko asebenza ngesithuba esincinci, kwaye ukunyuka okukhulu kwempahla kushiya iTshayina ngaphambi nasemva kweholide. Eli xesha leeholide lisenokuvakala ngathi ngumbhiyozo kodwa libe luvavanyo loxinzelelo kwiindlela zabo zokubonelela abathumeli basePeru, ingakumbi abo bafumana iimpahla ezininzi eTshayina.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, urhwebo lwasePeru neTshayina lunyuke ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yeendlela ezintsha zokuthutha kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu zeziseko zophuhliso ezifana nezibuko laseChancay. Olu tshintsho lwenze amaxesha okuthuthwa abe mafutshane kwaye lwadala iindlela ezintsha, kodwa aluzithinteli iingxaki zonyaka ezibangelwa yi-CNY. Enyanisweni, iindlela ezikhawulezayo ngamanye amaxesha zinokwenza umngcipheko ube mbi ngakumbi ngokuzisa imithwalo emininzi kwiifestile ezimfutshane kwaye zibeke uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwimida yerhafu, izikhululo zezibuko, kunye nothutho lwangaphakathi.
Ngeli xesha, abathumeli-mpahla kufuneka baqaphele izinto ezimbini ezenzekayo ngaxeshanye: ukothuka kokusebenza eTshayina kunye nemithetho elawula amasiko asePeru. Eli nqaku lichaza indlela i-CNY echaphazela ngayo ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ePeru, apho kwenzeka khona ukulibaziseka okubi kakhulu kwamasiko, kunye nendlela ukulungiselela ngobuchule ngoncedo lwababoneleli bezothutho abanamava okunokugcina iimveliso zihamba nokuba wonke umntu ubambeke emgceni.
Indlela Ukuphazamiseka kwe-CNY eTshayina Okusasazeka Ngayo ePeru
UNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina awungomhla nje weentsuku ezimbalwa zokuphumla. Ngumjikelo wokuncipha kwesantya, ukuvalwa, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi okuthatha iiveki ezininzi kwiinkqubo zemveliso kunye nezothutho zaseAsia. Ngaphambi kweholide esemthethweni, iifektri zihlala zicotha, amazibuko kunye neendawo zokugcina impahla zinabasebenzi abambalwa, kwaye abasebenzi abaninzi bezothutho bathatha iiholide ezinde. Ngaphambi kweholide, kukho imithwalo emininzi, emva koko kubekho ikhefu, kwaye emva koko kubekho ukunyuka okuthe kratya emva koko.
Kwabathumeli bempahla abathumela iimpahla ePeru, le mizila ithetha ukuba imihla yokuhamba ayiqinisekanga, ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kudla ngokubhukishwa kakhulu, kwaye iishedyuli ziyatshintsha rhoqo. Abathuthi banokuqengqela izikhongozeli kwiinqanawa ezizayo, balungise ulungelelwano lweenqanawa, okanye bangayi kumisa iinqanawa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunokongeza iiveki zokungaqiniseki kumanqanaba aphezulu okuxinana kwizibuko ezinkulu zaseAsia.
Igagasi lisaqhubeka phezu kwePasifiki. Emva kweCNY, amazibuko asePeru, ingakumbi iCallao neChancay, afumana imithwalo emininzi ngaxeshanye kuba ukuthunyelwa okulibazisekileyo ekugqibeleni kuyahamba kuze kufike ngamaqela. Abaqhubi bezikhululo zeenqwelo-mafutha kufuneka bajongane namaxesha apho igadi igcwele, kwaye amagosa eerhafu kufuneka ajongane nokwanda ngequbuliso kwezibhengezo kunye nokuhlolwa. Asikuko nje ixesha elithathwayo ukufika apho; ikwayindlela eqikelelwayo ngayo. Kwanenkqubo elula yokwenza irhafu inokuba nzima kakhulu ukuba izinto zifika ngexesha elifutshane.
Xa besenza izicwangciso, abangenisi kufuneka bacinge ngokwezigaba endaweni yemihla. Kungcono ukubona ukuphazamiseka njengokuqala malunga neeveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngaphambi kweholide kwaye kuqhubeke de kube ziiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuba iifektri zivuliwe kwakhona, endaweni yokucinga nje "ngeveki ye-CNY." Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa lo mjikelo ngokwembono yomngenisi ohamba ePeru.
| Isigaba se-CNY | Ixesha eliqikelelweyo (xa lithelekiswa neholide) | Imeko eTshayina | Impembelelo eqhelekileyo ekuthunyelweni kwezinto ePeru |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukungxama Kwangethuba | -Iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-2 | Iifektri zikhawulezisa imveliso kwaye zikhupha iiodolo zokugqibela; amazibuko aqala ukuxinana. | Amanani aphezulu emithwalo, indawo encinci, umngcipheko wokubhukisha uqengqeleka kwiinqanawa ezizayo. |
| Ixesha lokuvala | -1 iveki ukuya kwi +1 iveki | Iifektri ezininzi kunye nababoneleli ngezothutho bavale okanye basebenza kancinci; irhafu kunye namazibuko ngenxa yokuncipha kwabasebenzi. | Ukukhenketha okutsha okumbalwa, iishedyuli ezingazinzanga, umngcipheko owandileyo wokurhoxiswa okanye ukulibaziseka ngomzuzu wokugqibela. |
| Ukusilela Emva Kweeholide | +1 ukuya kwi +3 iiveki | Iifektri ziqala ukusebenza kancinci kancinci; zivala iikhonteyina eziqokelelweyo; abasebenzi basengaphantsi kwesiqhelo kwamanye amacandelo. | Ukuqokelelwa kweenqanawa ezifika ePeru, ukulibaziseka kokuhamba, amathuba amakhulu okuqokelelwa kwempahla kunye nokuxinana kweeyadi. |
Indawo yasePeru yeCustoms for China-Origin Imports
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimpahla eziziswa ePeru zilandela imithetho yesizwe, imigaqo, kunye nemithetho, kufuneka zidlule kwiinkqubo ezisemthethweni zokususwa kwempahla. I-SUNAT (Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria) yiarhente enkulu ephethe le nkqubo. Iphethe irhafu kunye nempahla yasekhaya. I-SUNAT isebenzisana nabasemagunyeni bezibuko kunye nezinye iiarhente ezijongene nempilo, izityalo kunye neemveliso ezithile.
Isantya sokukhululwa kwezikhongozeli ukuze zithunyelwe zisuka eTshayina ziye ePeru sixhomekeke kwindlela ezisebenzisana ngayo ezi mibutho. Abathengisi berhafu okanye iiarhente zihlala zifaka isibhengezo, zilungiselele uhlolo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba onke amaphepha ahambelana nemigangatho yasePeru. Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe abanamaqabane angasebenzi kunye okanye amaphepha angacwangciswanga badla ngokufumana impahla yabo ibambeke kwimibuzo emininzi, ukuphinda ihlolwe, kunye neemali zokugcina.
Umgangatho wamaxwebhu ubaluleke kakhulu. Amasiko asePeru adla ngokucela iSibhengezo seMpahla yeCustoms (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiDAM/DUA), i-invoyisi yeshishini eneenkcazo ezithile zemveliso, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi yemithwalo, kunye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, nezatifikethi zemvelaphi kunye nokuhambelana. Ungadinga iimvume ezingaphezulu zezinto ezibuthathaka kubandakanya ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
Ngokwembono ye-CNY, ingxaki ayikokuba iPeru itshintsha imigangatho yayo; kukuba ababoneleli baseTshayina kunye nabathengisi baphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lwexesha. Abantu badla ngokulinda kude kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela ukuze babhale ulwazi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpazamo ezininzi. Ngexesha lokuzola, amagosa erhafu anokukwazi ukungawunaki umphoso wekhowudi ye-HS, inkcazo yemveliso engacacanga, okanye ubunzima obungahambelaniyo phakathi koluhlu lokupakisha kunye ne-bill of lading. Kodwa ngexesha leencopho emva kwe-CNY, xa amagosa erhafu ejongene nomsebenzi omninzi, olu hlobo lweempazamo lunokukhokelela ekuhlolweni okanye ekuhlolweni kwexabiso.
Apho Iingxaki Zeerhafu Zidla Ngokuvela Khona Ngexesha Le-CNY
Abangenisi bempahla kwamanye amazwe abadli ngokujongana nesiganeko esinye esikhulu esibangela ukulibaziseka okukhulu. Endaweni yoko, zenzeka ngenxa yeengxaki ezincinci ezininzi eziba khona. Ngexesha le-CNY, ezi ngxaki zihlala zivela ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu achanekile, ukufumanisa ukuba kukho umngcipheko ongakanani, kunye nokuba zingaphi iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa.
Ngaphambi kokuba umthwalo ufike ePeru, enye yeengxaki zokuqala iqala ukubonakala. Ukuba ababoneleli banika iikhowudi ze-HS zobuxoki okanye amaxabiso aphantsi ukuzama ukugcina irhafu iphantsi, iinjini zomngcipheko ze-SUNAT zinokuthi ziphawule ukuthunyelwa xa kufika. Xa oko kwenzeka ngexesha lokunyuka komthamo okubangelwa yi-CNY, ifayile inokuhlala emgceni kangangeentsuku ngelixa abasemagunyeni becela ulwazi olongezelelekileyo, amaphepha, okanye nokuhlolwa ngokwasemzimbeni. Iintlawulo zokugcina kunye neentlawulo zokunciphisa iindleko zinokutya kungekudala naziphi na "imali egciniweyo" oyifumanayo ngokwenza izibhengezo ezinobundlongondlongo.
Enye ingxaki kukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe okufuna ulawulo olongezelelekileyo, njengokutya, iziselo, kunye nezixhobo zezolimo ekufuneka ziphumelele uvavanyo lwempilo okanye ucoceko lwezityalo. Ngaphambi kokuba uzithenge ezi zinto, kunokufuneka ubhalise, wenze uvavanyo lwelabhoratri, okanye ufumane isatifikethi esithile. Ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi ezingekhoyo okanye azikho kwifomathi efanelekileyo, iarhente enoxanduva inokugcina izikhongozeli zide zihlolwe. Xa kukho uninzi lwala ma-arhente abandakanyekayo, ukufumana imvume yokusebenzisana kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ngamaxesha axakekileyo.
IPeru ikwahlawulisa i-18% ye-IGV (Impuesto General a las Ventas, efana ne-VAT) kwizinto ezingeniswayo. Oku kusekelwe kwixabiso le-CIF kunye nayo nayiphi na irhafu esebenzayo. Ngexesha le-CNY ephezulu, nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nexabiso, izaphulelo, okanye indlela yokwahlulahlula imithwalo inokubangela iingxabano malunga nesiseko se-IGV. Ngaphambi kokuba iimpahla zikhutshwe, ezo ngxabano kufuneka zisonjululwe. Abangenisi abangakwaziyo ukubonisa indlela abafike ngayo nexabiso elithile elichaziweyo ngoko nangoko banokulinda ukuthunyelwa kwabo de kuvunyelwane ngovavanyo olutsha.
Okokugqibela, kukho izibuko ngokwalo. Emva kwe-CNY, xa iqela leenqanawa ezilibazisiweyo lifika eCallao okanye eChancay, kukho uxinano olukhulu lweeyadi, kwaye abaphathi bezikhululo kufuneka bajongane nendawo encinci. Kusenokuthatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo ukufumana, ukuhambisa, kunye nokukhupha izikhongozeli, nokuba irhafu isusa ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuvakala ngathi kukulinda kabini kwabangenisi: kuqala kwizikhululo zerhafu uze emva koko kwisikhululo serhafu. Ukuthintela ukuchitha iintsuku ezongezelelweyo emhlabeni, kubalulekile ukulandelelanisa amaphepha ngokuchanekileyo, ukulungelelanisa abathengisi, kunye nokulungiselela iilori.
Uxwebhu kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho: Ukuyilungisa okokuqala
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa ukulibaziseka kwerhafu ngexesha le-CNY nayo ayimnandi kangako: ukwenza amaphepha akho ngononophelo olukhulu. Ngexesha apho wonke umntu okwicandelo leempahla engxamile, umngenisi wempahla othatha ixesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into icacile kwaye iyahambelana ngaphambi kokuba iholide ibonakale.
Ngaphambi kokuba ufake naziphi na ii-odolo zokuthenga, licebo elihle ukujonga iikhowudi ze-HS. Izinto ezininzi ezivela eTshayina, ingakumbi izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga, kunye neempahla ezidityanisiweyo, zinokungena kudidi olungaphezulu kwesinye, nganye inemithetho yayo kunye namaxabiso erhafu. Ukuba uyavumelana ngekhowudi ye-HS efanelekileyo nomthengisi wakho werhafu ePeru kwangethuba, uya kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-invoyisi zeshishini lakho, uluhlu lokupakisha, kunye nezibhengezo zerhafu zonke ziyahambelana kwasekuqaleni.
Ubungakanani beenkcukacha kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo bubaluleke kakhulu. Amagama anjengelithi “isixhobo se-elektroniki” okanye “into yeplastiki” aqheleke kakhulu ayisilumkiso. Ukususwa kwempahla kuhamba kakuhle kwaye inqanaba lomngcipheko elibonwayo liyehla xa kukho iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha, amanani emodeli, kunye nokusetyenziswa okucwangcisiweyo. I-invoyisi ecwangciswe kakuhle inokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokufumana isibane esiluhlaza esizenzekelayo kunye nokuhlawulela ukuhlolwa xa i-CNY ifika kwaye abahloli berhafu bengenaxesha.
Imithetho yasePeru kufuneka isebenze nakwiziqinisekiso zemvelaphi kunye nokuthobela imithetho. Ukuba iimpahla zakho zifumana ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo lwerhafu phantsi kwesivumelwano sorhwebo, iimpazamo kumaphepha emvelaphi zinokukubiza imali eninzi. I-Customs isenokungavumi ukukhetha kwaye ihlawulise i-custom epheleleyo, okanye ingazigcina iimpahla de kunikwe isatifikethi esihlaziyiweyo. Awufuni ukuba nale ngxoxo xa iinqanawa ezininzi zingena zilandela i-CNY.
Le theyibhile ingezantsi idwelisa amaphepha abalulekileyo kunye neengozi ezikhethekileyo eziya ziba mandundu kulo lonke ixesha le-CNY.
| Uxwebhu | Eyona njongo iphambili | Umngcipheko we-CNY-Season ukuba awulungiselelwanga kakuhle |
|---|---|---|
| Isibhengezo seMpahla yeSiko (i-DAM/i-DUA) | Ukufaka isicelo sokuqala kwi-SUNAT, echaza uhlobo, ixabiso, kunye nemvelaphi yeempahla. | Ukwahlulwahlulwa okanye ukungagqitywa kweentsimi kubangela uphononongo, okulibazisa ukususwa kweendawo ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu. |
| I-invoyisi yentengiso | Iinkcukacha zeemveliso, amaxabiso, imiqathango yokuthengisa. | Iinkcazo ezingacacanga okanye amaxabiso angangqinelaniyo zikhokelela kwiingxabano zovavanyo kunye namathuba aphezulu okuhlolwa. |
| Uluhlu lokupakisha | Icacisa ubungakanani, ubunzima, kunye neenkcukacha zokupakisha. | Umahluko kwi-bill of lading okanye kwi-physical loadage ubangela ukuba kuhlolwe okanye kuphinde kulinganiswe ubunzima. |
| IBill of Lading / AWB | Ubungqina bokuhamba kunye nobunini. | Ukukhutshwa okanye ukulungiswa emva kwexesha kwenza kube nzima ukufaka amaphepha erhafu, ingakumbi ukuba iishedyuli zenqanawa ziyatshintsha malunga ne-CNY. |
| Izatifikethi (Imvelaphi, Ukuhambelana, Impilo, njl.njl.) | Bonisa ukuthobela imithetho yerhafu okanye imithetho yobugcisa. | Izatifikethi ezilahlekileyo okanye ezingachanekanga ziyakuthintela ukususwa kweempahla ezibuthathaka kwaye zinokubangela ukuba amaxabiso akhethekileyo angafumaneki. |
Umthwalo Ojongana Nexesha: Imveliso Entsha, Izinto Zombane, kunye Norhwebo Lwe-E-commerce
Ayizizo zonke iimpahla ezichaphazeleka ziingxaki zerhafu ezinxulumene ne-CNY ngendlela efanayo. Ezinye iintlobo zeemveliso zinokonakala ngenxa yokuba zihlala ixesha elide kangakanani, ukuba zitshintsha kangaphi, okanye oko abathengi bafuna.
Izithako zokutya kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo ekufuneka zigcinwe zintsha kwaye zishushu ngendlela efanelekileyo azinakuhlala echwebeni ixesha elide. IPeru yaziwa ngokuthumela iziqhamo ezifana neeblueberries kunye neeavokhado eTshayina, kodwa amanye amashishini asePeru athenga neempahla zokutya, iikhemikhali, kunye nokupakishwa okuvela eAsia. Yonke imihla eyongezelelweyo echithwa yile mpahla ebaleni elixineneyo okanye phantsi kwemithetho yerhafu yenza umngcipheko wokonakala, izikhalazo zomgangatho, kunye neengxabano zeinshurensi ube phezulu. Ichweba elitsha laseChancay lenze ukuba iinqanawa zikwazi ukuhamba phakathi kweTshayina nePeru ngokukhawuleza nangokuthe ngqo. Oku kunciphisa ixesha elithathwayo kwiinqanawa ukuya kwindawo eziya kuyo, kodwa kwenza kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ukuvunyelwa kwerhafu kukulungele ukuhamba kwangoko xa inqanawa ifika echwebeni.
Izinto ze-elektroniki, iimpahla, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezidumileyo ngoku zikwimeko eyahlukileyo yomngcipheko. Xa amaxesha onyaka okanye imijikelo yemodeli itshintsha, ixabiso lazo liyehla ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zabathengi ezifika emva kweeveki ezintathu ngenxa yeengxaki zerhafu kunye nethrafikhi ngexesha loNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina kunokuphosa amaxesha okuthengisa aphezulu okanye kudlulelwe ziinguqulelo ezintsha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nokuba iirhafu kunye neerhafu ekugqibeleni zihlawulwa ngokuchanekileyo, ithuba leshishini sele lidlulile.
Iipakeji zorhwebo lwe-e-commerce eziwela imida zinokuba nzima kuba zihlala zibhengezwa phantsi kweenkqubo ezilula okanye zidityaniswe kwiimpahla ezithunyelwayo ngobuninzi. Xa ii-odolo zinyuka malunga noNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina, nokuba kungenxa yee-odolo zangaphambi kweeholide okanye ukuphinda zipakishwe emva kweeholide, abadibanisi kunye nabaqhubi be-last-mile kufuneka bajongane nokuthunyelwa okuninzi okuncinci. Amasiko anokunciphisa isantya okanye ayeke ukuthunyelwa okupheleleyo ukuba idatha ayilunganga, ngokungathi ubuwena bomntu ofumana impahla abubonakali okanye iinkcazo zemveliso zibanzi kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abathengisi banezikhalazo malunga nenkonzo kunye noxinzelelo lokubuyisela imali, ingakumbi xa abathengi beqhele ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ucwangciso loBuchule: Ukwakha iKhalenda yokungenisa impahla engena-CNY
Ngenxa yezi nkxalabo, abanye abathumeli bamazwe bacinga ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokujongana nazo “kukuphepha i-CNY ngokupheleleyo.” Kodwa kumashishini amaninzi axhomekeke kubaboneleli baseTshayina, oku akunakwenzeka. Ukwakha ikhalenda engangenisi i-CNY elindele iingxaki kwaye yongeze ii-buffers kwisigaba ngasinye yeyona ndlela ikrelekrele.
Indlela elungileyo yokuceba kukuqala ngomhla ekufuneka ube kwi-warehouse ePeru uze usebenzele ukubuyela umva. Okokuqala, fumana ukuba izinto kufuneka zifumaneke nini ukuze zithengiswe okanye zenziwe. Emva koko, yongeza ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthutha impahla ngaphakathi, ukususwa kwempahla, ukuphathwa kwezibuko, kunye nokuhamba ngolwandle. Nje ukuba loo nto isisiseko imiselwe, yongeza izigaba ze-CNY phezu kwayo kwaye utshintshe imihla kwii-odolo zakho zokuthenga njengoko kufuneka. Kwizinto ezibalulekileyo, kuhlala kunengqiqo ukunyusa imihla yokuthunyelwa ngeeveki ezimbalwa, nokuba kuthetha ukuthwala impahla eyongezelelweyo okwethutyana.
Kukwabaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unxibelelana nabathengisi. Abavelisi abaninzi baxelela abathengi babo ngezicwangciso zabo zokuvala i-CNY kwiinyanga ezininzi kwangaphambili. Ezi zicwangciso ziquka imihla yokugqibela yoku-odola kunye nemihla yokugqibela yokuthunyelwa. Abangenisi ababandakanyeka kwangethuba banokuba negalelo elikhulu kwiishedyuli zemveliso okanye kwiifestile zokulayisha kwangaphambili. Abantu abalinda kude kube nguJanuwari ukuze babuze ukuba ingaba bangakanani na badla ngokulinda de kube semva kweeholide ukuze bafumane ii-odolo zabo.
Ngaphambi kwe-CNY, licebo elihle ukuthetha nomthengisi wakho werhafu kunye nomthengisi wempahla ePeru ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu ukwimeko efanayo. Ukubazisa ubungakanani obulindelekileyo kunye nexesha ofuna bafike ngalo kwenza ukuba bacwangcise abasebenzi, ukwabiwa kwezithuthi, kunye nokuhamba kwemali kwirhafu kunye neentlawulo. Xa wonke umntu okwicandelo eyazi ii-SKU zakho ezibalulekileyo kunye nexesha lokugqibela, banokuqiniseka ukuba baya kuyenza xa kufika ungxamiseko.
Ukusebenzisa i-FCL, i-LCL, kunye noKhetho lweNdlela ngexesha le-CNY
Ngexesha loNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina, imida yomthamo ayichazi nje kuphela ukuba umthwalo wakho uyahamba, kodwa nendlela ohamba ngayo. Ungakhetha phakathi komthwalo opheleleyo wesikhongozeli (FCL) kunye nomthwalo ongaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (LCL), okanye phakathi kweendlela ezithe ngqo kunye neendlela zokuthutha. Olu khetho lunokuchaphazela umngcipheko werhafu kunye nokuthembeka kweshedyuli yakho.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kudla ngokukunika ulawulo oluthe kratya. Ngenxa yokuba ikhonteyina yeyomthumeli omnye kuphela, kulula ukuphatha umthwalo kunye nokugcwalisa amaphepha. I-Customs ePeru inokujonga isibhengezo esicacileyo, seqela elinye, esidla ngokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokubuyisela izinto. Ngexesha le-CNY ephezulu, abathumeli badla ngokunika ukubhukisha kwe-FCL indawo ephambili kuba kulula ukuyiphatha kwaye benza imali engakumbi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-LCL kubiza kancinci xa kuthengiswa impahla encinci, kodwa kunezinto ezininzi ezihambayo. Ukuba iphepha lomnye wabathumeli alilunganga, yonke isitya sinokubanjwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba impahla evela kubathumeli abahlukeneyo ifakwa kwibhokisi enye. Amanyathelo okudibanisa nokudibanisa akwanokongeza ixesha ngaphambi nasemva kokuhamba. Xa iindawo zokugcina impahla kunye neendawo zokugcina impahla zixinene okanye zingenabasebenzi abaninzi ngexesha le-CNY, la manyathelo anokuba yingxaki ngokwawo.
Njengoko izibuko lasePeru iChancay likhula njengekhonkco elitsha eliya ngqo eAsia, ukukhetha indlela elungileyo kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi ngokwesicwangciso. Iinkonzo ezithe ngqo phakathi kweTshayina nePeru ngeChancay kunye nezinye iindlela ezilungisiweyo ziye zanciphisa amaxesha okuhamba ngolwandle kakhulu kwaye iindleko zothutho zingaphezulu kwe-20% kwezinye iimeko. Oku kwenze iPeru yaba yindawo enamandla kwiPasifiki. Kodwa ukuhamba ngenqanawa ngokukhawuleza kukwanciphisa amaxesha eerhafu: ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela zingcono, izibhengezo, iimvume, kunye nemiyalelo yomthengisi kufuneka ifumaneke kungekudala.
Ukubonakala kwedijithali kunye nokulungiswa kweSiko eliqhutywa yiDatha
Idatha elungileyo ixabisa ngakumbi ngexesha le-CNY kuba izinto zinzima ngakumbi. Abathumeli abasasebenzisa iispredishithi kunye neendlela ze-imeyile ezisasazekileyo banokuba nexesha elinzima lokuphendula xa iinqanawa zicwangciswa ngokutsha, amaphepha kufuneka alungiswe, okanye imibuzo yerhafu ivele ngequbuliso.
Abathumeli kunye nabathengisi banokuzibeka phambili ngcono iifayile ekufuneka bazithumele kuqala ngokusebenzisa izisombululo zokubonakala kokuthunyelwa ezigcina umkhondo weziganeko ezibalulekileyo ukusuka kwisango lomzi-mveliso ukuya kwizibuko, ukuhamba kwenqanawa, ukudluliselwa kwayo, kunye nokufika kwayo. Xa abathwali bebhengeza i-ETA entsha ethathela ingqalelo ukulibaziseka kwi-CNY, iqela leerhafu linokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ulandelelwano abafaka ngalo kwaye bahlawule imisebenzi.
Idatha ecwangcisiweyo yeemephu ze-HS kunye neekhathalogu zemveliso nayo iyanceda. Kuba lula kakhulu ukwenza amatyala eshishini ahambelanayo kunye nezibhengezo xa iikhowudi zemveliso, iinkcazo, kunye neendawo zerhafu zonke zifana kwinkqubo ephakathi. Abangenisi banokusebenzisa iitemplate eziqinisekisiweyo kwangaphambili ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yesithethe sasePeru endaweni yokufaka yonke into kwakhona kwaye babe semngciphekweni wokwenza iimpazamo phantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha.
Abanye abangenisi bempahla baqhubeka ngakumbi ngokuphindaphinda iimeko zabo zeendleko zomhlaba ngaphambi kwe-CNY. Basebenzisa iimodeli ukubona ukuba utshintsho kwizinga lokuthutha impahla, iindlela zothutho, kunye namazinga omsebenzi luya kuyichaphazela njani inzuzo. Oku kubavumela ukuba bakhethe ukuba baya kukhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ethile, bayeke eminye de kube emva kokuba i-CNY inyuke kakhulu, okanye bahlukanise imithwalo ngeendlela ezininzi (umzekelo, inxalenye yayo). uloyiko lomoya kwii-SKU ezixabisa kakhulu kunye imithwalo yolwandle kwezinye izinto). Ezi zizigqibo zoshishino, kodwa zinxulumene kakhulu nezithethe kuba ubalo lwerhafu kunye ne-IGV lusekelwe kwimali yokuthutha kunye ne-inshorensi eyatyhilwa ekungenisweni kwempahla.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa KweTopway Okukunceda Ngayo Uhambe NgeeCustoms ze-CNY kunye nePeru
Xa uneqabane lezothutho eliyaziyo iTshayina kunye nemarike yendawo oya kuyo kwaye liqhele ukunceda abathengi ukuba badlule kwisiphithiphithi soNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina, zonke ezi ndlela ziba lula. Kulapho iTopway Shipping inokwenza khona umahluko omkhulu.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukusukela ngo-2010. Iqela elisungule linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwerhafu, ligxile kakhulu kwi-China kunye ne-United States. Olu lwazi, oluquka ukujongana neendlela zorhwebo ezintsonkothileyo, ixesha elibekiweyo lokuhambisa impahla, kunye nezicwangciso zokuthobela imithetho ezifuna ukwenziwa, luluncedo kakhulu kwiindlela ezintsha ezifana ne-China-Peru kunye ne-Latin America yonke.
Iinkonzo zeTopway ziquka yonke into ukususela kwinqanaba lokuqala lothutho eTshayina—ukuthuthwa kweenqanawa ezivela kwifektri, ukulungelelaniswa kwerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nokubhukishwa kwendawo ngexesha leencopho ze-CNY—ukuya kufikelela elunxwemeni. ukugcina, ukususwa kwempahla kwicala lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okuya kuthi ga ekugqibeleni. Le mbono iluncedo kakhulu kubathumeli bempahla basePeru abaya kuthi ngenye indlela badibanise iinkonzo ezivela kwiinkampani ezininzi kwaye banethemba lokuba ulwazi luhamba ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwabo.
I-Topway ineendlela eziguquguqukayo zomthwalo we-full-container-load (FCL) kunye nomthwalo we-less-than-container-load (LCL) wokuthutha ulwandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela. E-CNY, olo kuguquguquka kubaluleke kakhulu. Kungafuneka ujike ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL ukuze ufumane indawo, okanye utshintshe indlela yakho ukuze usebenzise amathuba amazibuko amatsha afana neChancay ngelixa usakwazi ukufikelela kwiindlela ezinkulu ezifana neCallao. I-Topway inokukunceda useke isicwangciso sokungenisa esidibanisa iindleko, isantya, kunye nokhuseleko olulawulayo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso sakho sesikhongozeli siyahambelana neenjongo zakho zomngcipheko werhafu kunye nexesha lokuhamba.
ITopway inamava amaninzi kwiimeko ezinzima zerhafu, ngoko ke iyazi indlela yokusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nabathengisi basekuhlaleni, ijonge utshintsho kumthetho, kwaye ihlole amaxwebhu ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kuhambe. Xa i-SUNAT ixakeke kakhulu, oku kunokuthetha izibhengezo ezilungiselelwe ngcono, izinto ezimbalwa ezingalindelekanga ngomzuzu wokugqibela, kunye nenkqubo ethambileyo yempahla eya ePeru. Abathumeli bamazwe banokuthi babeke kwangaphambili uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ukuze balinganise ukunyuka okubangelwa yi-CNY kunye nezinye iixesha zonyaka ezixakekileyo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokugcina impahla zangaphandle.
isiphelo
Abathumeli bempahla abaxhomekeke kwiTshayina njengemarike ephambili baya kuhlala beneengxaki ngexesha loNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina. IPeru isengozini enkulu kuba urhwebo neTshayina lusakhula kwaye iziseko ezintsha ezifana nezibuko laseChancay zitshintsha indlela urhwebo olusebenza ngayo kwiPasifiki. Iindlela ezimfutshane zaselwandle, iinqanawa ezinkulu, kunye neenkonzo ezithe ngqo zizinto ezintle, kodwa zinokwandisa ingozi ukuba amasiko akakulungelanga umsebenzi owongezelelweyo.
Abantu abaceba i-CNY endaweni yokuzama "ukuyishiya" ngabona baphumelela kakhulu kule meko. Bayazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha leholide nganye kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo izithuthi ezikwizibuko kunye notshintsho kwiishedyuli. Balungiselela amaphepha ngononophelo, bajonga iikhowudi ze-HS, kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba amaphepha abo eshishini ayahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-SUNAT. Beza nezicwangciso ezithile zemveliso yeempahla ezibuthathaka eziqwalasela iindleko zokugcina isitokhwe kunye nengozi yokuphelelwa sisitokhwe okanye ukuba siphelelwe sisitayile.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, abazami ukusingatha yonke le nto bodwa. Abangenisi banokudibanisa imisebenzi yokuqala eTshayina kunye nokulungiselela okuqinileyo kwezerhafu ePeru, basebenzise amaqhinga e-FCL/LCL aguquguqukayo, kwaye balandele umkhondo wemithwalo yabo ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekuhanjisweni kokugqibela ngokusebenzisana neenkampani zobuchwephesha zothutho ezifana neTopway Shipping. Kwihlabathi apho iholide enye e-Asia inokuchaphazela amazibuko ePeru, olo hlobo lonxibelelwano alusekho lulutho; luyimfuneko kurhwebo olunokusinda noluphumelelayo.
FAQs
Q: Ngaba uNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina uyayitshintsha imithetho yezentengiselwano yasePeru yokungenisa impahla evela eTshayina?
A: Imithetho yezerhafu ePeru ayitshintshi ngexesha loNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina. Kuwo wonke unyaka, i-SUNAT isebenzisa umthetho ofanayo, iishedyuli zerhafu, kunye nemithetho yamaphepha. Ngexesha le-CNY, ubungakanani kunye nexesha liyatshintsha: iinqanawa ezininzi zifika ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye iifayile ezininzi zifikelela kwiinkqubo zomngcipheko werhafu ngaxeshanye. Oku kwenza naziphi na iimpazamo kwiikhowudi ze-HS, amaxabiso, okanye amaphepha zibe nefuthe elikhulu. Ulwakhiwo lomthetho luyafana nokuba amaphepha akho acocekile kwaye alungile ngaphambi kwexesha okanye akunjalo; kodwa, ukuba abuthathaka, kukho ithuba eliphezulu lokulibaziseka ngexesha nasemva kwe-CNY.
Q: Ndingaceba ixesha elingakanani kusengaphambili ukuthunyelwa kwezinto eziya ePeru ukuze ndiphephe ukuxinana kwe-CNY?
A: Umgaqo olungileyo kukucwangcisa kwangaphambili ubuncinane iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Oko kudla ngokuthetha ukubeka iiodolo zezinto ekufuneka zifike ePeru ngaphambi okanye emva nje kwe-CNY ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha okanye ngoNovemba. Ukuze unciphise amathuba okuqengqeleka notshintsho kwishedyuli, kufuneka uzame ukuthumela impahla ebalulekileyo ubuncinane iiveki ezine ngaphambi kweholide. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba ushiya ixesha elongezelelweyo kwicala lasePeru ukuze ufumane iinkqubo zerhafu kunye nezibuko xa iinqanawa zilibaziseka.
Q: Ngawaphi amaxwebhu abaluleke kakhulu ekugqityweni kwerhafu ePeru ngexesha le-CNY?
A: Onke amaxwebhu afunekayo abalulekile, kodwa amathathu abaluleke kakhulu ngexesha le-CNY elixakekileyo: i-invoyisi yorhwebo echanekileyo eneekhowudi ze-HS ezichanekileyo kunye neenkcazo zemveliso ezineenkcukacha; uluhlu lokupakisha oluhambelana ne-invoyisi yomthwalo kunye nomthwalo wokwenyani; kunye neSibhengezo seMveliso yeNkcubeko (i-DAM/DUA) esifakwe ngokufanelekileyo ngumthengisi wakho. Izatifikethi zemvelaphi kunye nazo naziphi na iimvume ezithile zemveliso (zokutya, iikhemikhali, izinto zamayeza, njl.njl.) zibaluleke ngokufanayo, kuba izatifikethi ezilahlekileyo okanye ezingachanekanga zihlala zikhokelela ekubanjweni.
Q: Ngaba ukuthunyelwa kweFCL kukhuselekile ngokwenene kuneLCL ngexesha le-CNY?
A: Igama elithi “Safer” lithetha ukuthi “Safer”, nangona kunjalo ukuthunyelwa kweFCL kudla ngokuba neenxalenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo. Imizila kunye neetheminali kufuneka zijongane nesibhengezo esinye kuphela kunye neqela elinye xa umthwalo wesikhongozeli opheleleyo unxulumene nomthumeli omnye. Oku kwenza izinto zihambe kakuhle uninzi lwexesha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-LCL kubiza kancinci kwiimpahla ezincinci, kodwa kukwakubhenca kwindlela abantu abathutha ngayo impahla. Ukuba omnye umthumeli kwisikhongozeli esinye unengxaki ngamaphepha akhe okanye ukuthobela imithetho, ibhokisi yonke inokulibaziseka. Oko kuxhomekeka okongezelelweyo kunokuba yingxaki enkulu ngexesha le-CNY, xa zombini iizibuko kunye nemizila zixakekile.
Q: Ngaba izibuko elitsha laseChancay liyayitshintsha indlela endifanele ndicinge ngayo ngomngcipheko werhafu?
A: IChancay ikakhulu inefuthe kwindlela iinqanawa ezihamba ngayo ngokukhawuleza nangokuthe ngqo phakathi kweTshayina nePeru. Oku kwenza ezinye iindlela zikhawuleze kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Yona ngokwayo, ayitshintshi imithetho okanye amaphepha afunekayo kwirhafu. Kodwa ukunqumla ngokukhawuleza kuthetha ukuba akukho "xesha lininzi" phakathi kokuhamba nokufika ukulungisa iingxaki zerhafu. Kubaluleke ngakumbi ukugqiba izibhengezo, iimvume, kunye nezatifikethi ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ihambe ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa iinkonzo ezithe ngqo zaseChancay. Oku kuya kukhawulezisa ukucutshungulwa kwerhafu xa imithwalo ifika.
Q: Iqabane lezothutho elifana neTopway Shipping lingandinceda njani ngexesha le-CNY?
A: Iqabane elifana neTopway Shipping linolwazi olusebenzayo ngeTshayina kwaye liyakwazi ukubona nokulungelelanisa uthotho olupheleleyo lwezinto zokuhamba ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni. Oku kunokubandakanya ukufumana indawo kwiinqanawa xa kungekho nto ingako, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulandwa kwefektri kwenzeka ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze kulungiselelwe amaxesha okuhamba ngesikhephe, kunye nokuphonononga amaxwebhu kwangaphambili ukuze kuthintelwe ukumangaliswa kwizithethe ePeru. Izisombululo zabo zeFCL/LCL eziguquguqukayo kunye nokukhetha iindawo zokugcina impahla zangaphandle kukuvumela ukuba utshintshe icebo lakho xa useluhambeni, ukhawulezise ukuthunyelwa kwezinye izinto, udibanise ezinye, kwaye unciphise imfuno kwimisebenzi yakho yasePeru nangona inethiwekhi yehlabathi iphantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha lonyaka.
