Ukuthutha Ulwandle ukusuka eQiang ukuya eKribi: Isikhokelo se-DDP/DAP sokungenisa izinto ezininzi
intshayelelo
Ukuze uthumele iimpahla ezininzi ezivela eQingdao, enye yezona zibuko zikhulu zaseTshayina, eKribi, izibuko elikhula emanzini anzulu kunxweme lweAtlantiki eCameroon, kufuneka ucwangcise kwangaphambili, uqonde imithetho yokuthumela iimpahla kwamanye amazwe, kwaye uqonde indlela ilizwe ngalinye eliphatha ngayo ukungeniswa kwazo. Njengoko urhwebo phakathi kweTshayina namazwe aseAfrika, ingakumbi iCameroon, lukhula, amashishini amaninzi asebenzisa imithwalo yolwandle ukuhambisa iimpahla ezininzi ngexabiso eliphantsi. Eli nqaku lichaza iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga nokuhamba kweempahla ngamanzi ukusuka eQingdao ukuya eKribi, ligxile kwimigaqo yokuhanjiswa kwe-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) kunye ne-DAP (Delivered at Place). Linika abathumeli isikhokelo esiluncedo sokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngobuninzi.
Izibuko laseQingdao likwiLwandle oluMthubi kwaye lelinye lawona mazibuko axakekileyo eekhonteyina ehlabathini. Lineziseko zophuhliso ezintle kunye nonxibelelwano lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Izibuko laseKribi Deepwater, elikwiGulf of Guinea, liba yindawo ethandwayo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukuya kuMbindi naseNtshona Afrika. Ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwemigaqo yokuhanjiswa kwempahla efana neDDP kunye neDAP kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela olawula ngayo iindleko zakho kunye nokuba ngubani onoxanduva lwemisebenzi kunye nothutho.
Yintoni i-DDP kunye ne-DAP, kwaye kutheni zibalulekile
Xa uthumela iimpahla phesheya kolwandle, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) kunye ne-DAP (Delivered at Place) kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimali yakho kunye ne-logistics yakho.
Kwizivumelwano ze-DDP, umthengisi unoxanduva lwayo yonke into, kuquka iindleko zokuthumela, iirhafu zokungenisa impahla, irhafu, kunye nokufumana loo nto kumthengi. ikhaya okanye indawo ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Umthengisi unyamekela iirhafu kunye nokucocwa kwempahla, nto leyo eyenza izinto zibe lula kumngenisi. Phantsi kwe-DAP, umthengisi uzisa iimveliso kwindawo ethile, kodwa umthengi unoxanduva lokuhlawula iirhafu zokungenisa impahla kunye neerhafu. Olu tshintsho kwindleko kunye nomngcipheko ludla ngokuba nefuthe kwimisebenzi yokungena kwemali kunye nocwangciso.
Xa ukhetha phakathi kwale migaqo, kuya kufuneka ufumane ibhalansi phakathi kolawulo kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa. I-DDP yehlisa umngcipheko kubangenisi bokuqala okanye amashishini angenalo ulwazi oluninzi ngemicimbi yezelizwe, kodwa ibiza ngaphezulu. I-DAP ikunika ulawulo olungaphezulu kwaye inokunciphisa iindleko zokuthumela, kodwa ifuna ulwazi olungaphezulu lokuphatha impahla.
I-Qingdao kunye neKribi: Isishwankathelo seZibuko
I-Qingdao: Indlu Enamandla Yolwandle yaseTshayina
Izibuko laseQingdao linezikhululo ezininzi kunye nezibonelelo zemithwalo kwaye liphatha izigidi zeeTEU (iiyunithi ezilingana neenyawo ezingamashumi amabini) ngonyaka. Oku kwenza ukuba libe yindawo entle yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwiikhonteyina kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngobuninzi. Indawo yalo kuLwandle oluMthubi ilunika amakhonkco ngqo okanye okudluliselwa kwempahla kwiindlela zorhwebo ezibalulekileyo zehlabathi. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ixesha elide eziya eAfrika.
Amazibuko asemanzini anzulu aseQingdao anokuthwala okungaphezulu nje kweekhonteyina. Akwanokusingatha ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kakhulu kunye nemithwalo ekhethekileyo, njengoomatshini abanzima, izinto zokwenza imveliso, kunye nemithwalo emikhulu kakhulu.
Izibuko laseKribi Deepwater: Isango Elikhulayo laseAfrika
Izibuko laseKribi elisemanzini anzulu liselunxwemeni olusezantsi lweCameroon kwaye linokuthwala iinqanawa ezinkulu, njengezithwali zamanzi anzulu ezilungele ukuthwala imithwalo emikhulu kunye neekhonteyina. Ngenxa yokuba likwiGulf of Guinea, yindawo entle yokungena eCameroon nakwezinye iimarike zaseMbindini Afrika ezikufutshane. IKribi iba yindawo ethandwayo ngabangenisi abangena ngexabiso eliphantsi abanokuyihamba kuba iziseko zophuhliso ziyakhula, ezifana nonxibelelwano lukaloliwe oluya ngaphakathi.
Ukucwangcisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yakho yolwandle ukusuka eQiang ukuya eKribi
Ukukhetha Uhlobo lweSikhongozeli kunye neNdlela yokuThutha
Xa ungenisa impahla eninzi, imithwalo epheleleyo yeekhonteyina (i-FCL) idla ngokuba lolona khetho lulungileyo. Ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise isikhongozeli kuphela, inciphise umonakalo obangelwa kukuphathwa, kwaye idla ngokubiza kancinci ngeyunithi nganye kunokukhetha komthwalo ongaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (i-LCL). Ukuba imveliso yakho ayizalisi isikhongozeli, nangona kunjalo, i-LCL iseyindlela yokukhetha. Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo amaninzi okuphatha anokwenza ixesha lokuhamba libe lide kwaye anyuse umngcipheko.
Nantsi umzekelo wendlela ekunokubiza ngayo ukuthumela iimpahla ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eCameroon. Oku kunokukunceda ubeke uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olupheleleyo:
| Uhlobo lweContainer | Iindleko eziqikelelweyo (USD) | Imeko yokusetyenziswa eqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| 20ft Isikhongozelo | $ 1,200 - $ 3,500 | Ukuhanjiswa ngobuninzi obuphakathi |
| 40ft Isikhongozelo | $ 2,800 - $ 5,800 | Imithwalo emikhulu okanye imithwalo enzima |
| I-LCL | $60 - $120 CBM nganye | Imithwalo emincinci engaphantsi komthamo wesikhongozeli |
Le theyibhile ibonisa uluhlu oluqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo iindleko ezichanekileyo zixhomekeke kwinkampani ethwala ipetroli, indlela ehanjiswa ngayo, iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zepetroli, kunye nexesha lonyaka.
Ixesha lokuThutha kunye nendlela yoThutho
Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze imithwalo yaselwandle ihambe ukusuka eQingdao ukuya eKribi lingahluka kakhulu. Lindela iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-50 ngokomndilili, ucinge ngeenkqubo zezibuko, ukudluliselwa kwemithwalo okunokwenzeka, kunye nokulibaziseka ekususweni kwemithwalo. Ekubeni iMpuma Asia neNtshona Afrika zahlukene kakhulu, ukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi kwimithwalo emikhulu enxulunyaniswa neeshedyuli zemveliso okanye imigangatho yeprojekthi.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo malunga nokuSuswa kweMithetho kunye nokungeniswa kwempahla eCameroon
I-Customs yenye yezona zinto zinzima kwizivumelwano ze-DAP vs. DDP. I-Cameroon ifuna amaphepha achanekileyo, afana nee-invoyisi zorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, kunye neekhowudi ezifanelekileyo ze-Harmonized System (HS). Ukuhlela nantoni na ngokuchanekileyo okanye ukungazalisi onke amaxwebhu kunokubangela ukulibaziseka okubizayo kunye nezohlwayo.
Nge-DDP, umthengisi (okanye iarhente yakhe) ujongana nemirhumo yerhafu, i-VAT, kunye nokususwa kwempahla ngaphambi kokuba igcinwe ukuze ihanjiswe. Oku kwenza ukungenisa impahla kube lula, kodwa kuthetha ukuba umthengisi kufuneka azi ngemithetho yendawo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto ezibotshiweyo. Abangenisi kufuneka baqeshe umthengisi werhafu okanye iqabane lokuthutha impahla eCameroon ukubanceda ngokuthunyelwa kwe-DAP. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ziphuma ngokukhawuleza xa zifika eKribi port.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha iqabane lasekuhlaleni elaziyo okuninzi ngamasiko aseCameroon, ingakumbi kwiimpahla ezinkulu apho irhafu kunye neerhafu zinokuba zininzi kwaye ukulibaziseka kunokubiza kakhulu.
Iingcebiso Ezisebenzayo Zokunciphisa Iindleko Nomngcipheko
Ukuthutha impahla elwandle kuseyeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yokuhambisa impahla eninzi ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eAfrika, kodwa kufuneka ucwangcise kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana esona sivumelwano silungileyo.
Xa uthetha-thethana ngexabiso lempahla, khumbula ukuba amaxabiso anokunyuka aze ehle ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Umzekelo, amaxabiso anokunyuka ngexesha leeholide zehlabathi okanye imibhiyozo yengingqi, nto leyo enokwenza indawo ingabi ninzi. Ukubhukisha kwangaphambili kudla ngokukunika amaxabiso angcono kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo yeekhonteyina ezinkulu.
Xa unako, ukudibanisa izinto ezithunyelwayo kunokukunceda wonge imali. Kodwa khumbula ukuba izinto ezinkulu ezithunyelwayo zinokuthetha umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka uwenze ukuze ulayishe, ulandelele, kwaye ugcine amaphepha afanelekileyo.
Okokugqibela, soloko ubuza nge-inshurensi yohambo lwakho. Nangona imithwalo yaselwandle inokuthenjwa, inokuba semngciphekweni okanye yonakale. I-inshurensi ikunika uxolo lwengqondo, ingakumbi xa unezixhobo ezininzi ezibizayo okanye izinto zokwenza imveliso.
Kutheni iQabane eliLungileyo lezoThutho libalulekile
Xa ususa into esuka eQingdao uye eKribi, kufuneka ujongane nezinto ezingaphezulu nje kokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Kufuneka ujongane nezinto zokuthutha impahla kwihlabathi liphela, iinkqubo zerhafu, kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko. Ukuba uzisa izinto zokwakha, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, okanye izinto ezithengiswa ngobuninzi, ukusebenza nenkampani yezokuthutha eyaziyo into abayenzayo kunokukongela ixesha, imali, kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba ulandela imithetho.
I-Topway Shipping yenye yenkampani onokuthi ufune ukuyijonga. Ukususela ngo-2010, i-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo zezothutho lwe-e-commerce enqumla imida. Abantu abaqalise le nkampani banamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, begxile kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwempahla phakathi kweTshayina ne-US. I-Topway iphatha yonke inkqubo yezothutho, ukusuka ekuthuthweni kokuqala ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla phesheya ukuya ekususweni kwempahla ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwempahla okukhawulezileyo. Bakwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle oluguquguqukayo olune-container-load (FCL) kunye nomthwalo ongaphantsi kwe-container (LCL) ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi nkonzo zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso zokuhanjiswa okwenziwe phantsi kwemigaqo ye-DAP okanye ye-DDP.
Ukuba ukhetha iqabane lezothutho elinolwazi olunjalo, oko kungenza ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngolwandle kumazwe ngamazwe kube lula kwaye kukhusele uthungelwano lwakho lokuhambisa impahla ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala ukuya kwinqanaba lokuhanjiswa kwayo.
isiphelo
Ukuthumela izinto ezininzi ukusuka eQingdao ukuya eKribi ngolwandle yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuzihambisa ukusuka kwelinye ilizwekazi ukuya kwelinye. Ukuze ufumane ukuba ngubani onoxanduva lwemisebenzi kunye nothutho kwikhonkco lokubonelela, kufuneka wazi ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-DDP kunye ne-DAP. Xa ucwangcisa umthwalo wakho, kufuneka ucinge ngononophelo ngemithwalo yeekhonteyina, amaxabiso okuthumela, ubude bexesha lokuhamba, imithetho yerhafu, kunye nendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko. Xa usebenza neenkampani ezinamava zothutho ezifana neTopway Shipping, unokuqiniseka ukuba iimpahla zakho ziya kuhamba ziye kwindawo yazo yokugqibela ngexesha kwaye ngaphakathi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
FAQs
Q: Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-DDP kunye ne-DAP kwimpahla yolwandle?
A: I-DDP (Delivered Duty Payed) igubungela zonke iindleko kunye noxanduva ukuya kuthi ga ekuhambiseni iimveliso kwindawo ekhethiweyo ngumthengi, njengeentlawulo zerhafu yerhafu. Umthengisi uhambisa iimpahla kumthengi, kodwa umthengi unoxanduva lokuhlawula irhafu yerhafu kunye nokucoca iimpahla ukuze zingeniswe.
Q: Ithatha ixesha elingakanani imithwalo yolwandle ukusuka eQiang ukuya eKribi?
A: Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuthumela imithwalo, iishedyuli zabathwali, kunye nendlela izinto ezisingathwa ngayo kumazibuko avela kuwo nawaya kuwo, amaxesha okuhamba adla ngokuba phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-50.
Umbuzo: Ngaba imithwalo yaselwandle esuka eQiang ukuya eKribi ibiza kancinci kuneyaselwandle? uloyiko lomoya?
A: Ewe. Xa kuthunyelwa impahla eninzi, imithwalo yaselwandle idla ngokuba nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu ngeyunithi nganye kunemithwalo yomoya, kodwa ithatha ixesha elide kakhulu.
Q: Ngawaphi amaxwebhu abalulekileyo ekukhutshweni kwerhafu eCameroon?
A: Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthwalo, amaxwebhu abalulekileyo aquka i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, iikhowudi ze-HS ezifanelekileyo, i-bill of lading, kunye nazo naziphi na iimvume okanye izatifikethi ezifunekayo.
Q: Ndingathumela zombini i-FCL kunye ne-LCL ukusuka eQingdao ukuya eKribi?
A: Ewe. Ukuba uthumela izinto ezininzi, ungakhetha i-FCL. Ukuba uthumela izinto ezimbalwa, ungakhetha i-LCL, engabizi kakhulu kuba nisebenzisa indawo yesikhongozeli.
