Icandelo 301 + Icandelo 122: Ukucacisa iStack entsha yeRhafu phakathi kweShayina ne-US
Xa kuthuthwa iimpahla phakathi kweTshayina neMelika ngo-2026, ityala lentlawulo kwisikhongozeli esinye alisekho kwinto enye. Lixabiso eliqingqiweyo — ixabiso lentlawulo esisiseko, intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeCandelo 301 laseTshayina ebisoloko isanda ukususela ngo-2018, kunye nentlawulo engxamisekileyo yeCandelo 122 eyaziswa ngoFebruwari 2026 emva kokuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo itshabalalise inkqubo yangaphambili yerhafu. Abangenisi abasakwazi ukungayinaki indlela ezi layers ezisebenzisana ngayo; ngumahluko phakathi kwemodeli yexabiso elifikelelweyo esebenza ngokwenene, kunye neyo echitha imali engakumbi kuyo yonke impahla ethunyelwayo.
Esi sikhokelo sigubungela ukuba iCandelo 301 kunye neCandelo 122 ziyintoni, indlela ezihlangana ngayo phezu kwenye phezu kwenye kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina, oko kutshintshileyo kwiinyanga zakutshanje kunye noko abathumeli bempahla abafanele bakulinde njengoko intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeCandelo 122 isondela ekutshoneni kwelanga okulindelweyo ngomhla wama-24 kuJulayi 2026. Xa sikwazi, siguqulela amaLegalese abe ngamanani onokuwasebenzisa ngokwenene kwisicatshulwa.
Ukuhlaziya Okukhawulezileyo: Izixhobo Ezimbini Ezihlukeneyo Zezomthetho
Icandelo 301 kunye neCandelo 122 zivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho worhwebo wase-US — into ebaluleke ngaphezu kokuba uninzi lwabangenisi bempahla bayazi. I-US ingasebenzisa iCandelo 301 loMthetho woRhwebo ka-1974 ukuya Emva kophando olusemthethweni malunga nezenzo zorhwebo ezingafanelekanga ezifana nokubiwa kwepropathi yengqondo okanye ukudluliselwa kobuchwepheshe ngokunyanzelwa, uMmeli woRhwebo ubeka iirhafu kwiqabane elithile lorhwebo. Abanalo umhla wokuphelelwa owakhelwe ngaphakathi kwaye akukho mda usemthethweni kwixabiso. Yingakho iirhafu zeCandelo 301 laseTshayina ezaqalwa ngo-2018 zisaphila nanamhlanje.
ICandelo 122, ngokwahlukileyo, lisixhobo esicacileyo nesidlulayo. Linika uMongameli amandla okusebenzisa irhafu yokungenisa impahla engxamisekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 ekhulwini kwiimpahla ezivela phantse kulo naliphi na ilizwe, kodwa kuphela kangangeentsuku ezili-150 kwaye kuphela ukulungisa ingxaki ethile yokulinganisela intlawulo. Yayingacetywanga ukuba ibe lulawulo lwerhafu oluhlala luhleli - luphawu loxinzelelo olufakwe yiCongress emthethweni ukuze kuthathwe amanyathelo olawulo amafutshane.
Isizathu sokuba zombini ezi zinto zibalulekile ngoku lixesha. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo irhoxise iirhafu ezinkulu ezisekelwe kwi-IEEPA zolawulo ngomhla wama-20 kuFebruwari 2026, iNdlu eNkulu yatshintshela kwiCandelo 122, yasayina isibhengezo esasibeka umrhumo othe tyaba phantse kuzo zonke izinto ezingeniswayo eziqala ngomhla wama-24 kuFebruwari. Loo rhafu ayizange ithathe indawo yeCandelo 301 kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina, kodwa yeza yongeza kuyo.
Icandelo 301: Umaleko osisigxina kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina
Iirhafu zeCandelo 301 eTshayina zisebenza kurhwebo lonyaka olumalunga ne-370 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, oluhlelwe lwaba luluhlu lweemveliso ezine eziqokelelwe ngezigaba phakathi kowama-2018 nowama-2019, lwaza lwatshintshwa kwakhona ngexesha lophononongo luka-2024 phantsi kolawulo lukaBiden. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngo-2024 kujolise kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo - izithuthi zombane, ii-semiconductors, iiseli zelanga kunye neemveliso ezithile zonyango - kwaye kwaqaliswa ngezigaba ukuya kutsho ngoJanuwari 2026, ngoko ke amanye amaxabiso aphezulu kolu luhlu asesemtsha.
Impembelelo ebonakalayo luluhlu olubanzi lwamaxabiso asekelwe kulo naluphi na uluhlu olukuyo ikhowudi yakho ye-HTS. Uluhlu 4A, olukwi-7.5 ekhulwini, lugubungela uninzi lweemveliso zabathengi eziqhelekileyo, kwaye iimpahla ezikuLuhlu 1 ukuya ku-3 zihlala zikwi-25 ekhulwini. Amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, ezinye zazo zinzima kakhulu.
| Udidi lweMveliso | Uluhlu lweCandelo 301 | Ireyithi yangoku |
| Iimpahla zabathengi ngokubanzi (izinto ze-elektroniki, izinto zasekhaya) | Uluhlu 4A | 7.5% |
| Oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, iikhemikhali, izinto ezikhethiweyo | Uluhlu 1–3 | 25% |
| Semiconductors | Uhlolo lwe-2024 | 50% |
| Iiseli zelanga | Uhlolo lwe-2024 | 50% |
| Zithuthi | Uhlolo lwe-2024 | 100% |
| Iimveliso ezithile zonyango (iisirinji, iiPPE) | Uhlolo lwe-2024 | 25-100% |
Kukho ezinye izinto ezishiyekileyo ezingabandakanywanga kwiikhowudi ezithile ze-HTS kwaye i-USTR iye yazandisa rhoqo - uluhlu lwangoku lwezinto ezingabandakanywanga luquka amakhulu eekhowudi zemveliso kwaye luye lwandiswa ukuya ekupheleni kuka-2026 kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukungabandakanywa okuncinci kunokunciphisa ixabiso kakhulu, ngoko ke kungcono ukujonga isiseko sedatha sokukhutshwa kwe-USTR ngekhowudi yakho ye-HTS enamanani asi-8 okanye ali-10 ngaphambi kokuba ucinge ukuba ixabiso loluhlu lwesihloko yiloo nto uyihlawulayo.
Akukho nanye kwezi zinto eyatshintshwa sisigwebo seNkundla ePhakamileyo ngoFebruwari. Isigqibo seNkundla sasiphathelele iirhafu ezibekwe phantsi koMthetho weHlabathi weeNgxamiseko zoQoqosho, igunya elahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Iirhafu zeCandelo 301 kwiTshayina zisasebenza ngokupheleleyo nangona iziphumo zetyala le-IEEPA ziphumile.
Icandelo 122: Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yexeshana eyatshintsha izibalo
Icandelo 122 labakho ngengozi, ubuncinci ekucwangcisweni kwalo. Ulawulo, lujongene nokulahlekelwa ngequbuliso kwengeniso kunye namandla erhafu emva kokuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo ibhengeze kwiLearning Resources, Inc. v. Trump ukuba i-IEEPA ayimvumeli umongameli ukuba abize iirhafu, yafuna enye indlela ekhawulezileyo. Isixhobo esikhawulezayo esifumanekayo yayiliCandelo 122 loMthetho woRhwebo ka-1974, kuba linika uMongameli igunya elizimeleyo - akukho phando, akukho xesha lokulinda - lokuphendula kwimeko engxamisekileyo yokulinganisela ibhalansi.
Urhulumente ubanga ilahleko yorhwebo lweempahla ephantse ibe yi-$1.2 trillion ngonyaka kunye nesikhundla sotyalo-mali oluphantsi kakhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe njengesizathu sesibhengezo. Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yaqala ukusebenza nge-24 kaFebruwari 2026 kwi-10% ad valorem, kwaye yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuwo onke amazwe kunye neendidi zemveliso, kunye nokukhululwa kwiimpahla esele zithuthwa, ezinye izixhobo zolimo nezonqulo, iimpahla ezifanelekileyo ze-USMCA ezivela eKhanada naseMexico, kunye nezinye izinto ezimbalwa ezidweliswe kwizihlomelo zesibhengezo.
Okwahlula iCandelo 122 kuzo zonke ezinye izixhobo zerhafu ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje yiwotshi yalo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Lo mthetho unciphisa ezo ntlawulo zingaphezulu kwiintsuku ezili-150 ngaphandle kokuba iCongress yandisa ixesha, kwaye akukho mthetho ulindileyo okwangoku. Oko kubeka umhla wokuphelelwa oqinileyo, oqhutywa yikhalenda kuwo we-24 kaJulayi 2026 - umhla oye waphelelwa phantse kuzo zonke izilumkiso zorhwebo ezikhutshwe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kuba yenye yezona ndawo zimbalwa zizinzileyo kwimeko yerhafu eguquguqukayo.
Ibali lezomthetho alikasonjululwa ukusukela ngoFebruwari. Meyi 7, 2026. Iqela elahlulwe-hlulweyo e-US INkundla yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe yagqiba kwelokuba esi sibhengezo sidlule igunya elisemthethweni likamongameli kuba asizange sichaze uhlobo lokusilela kwebhalansi yentlawulo olufunwa ngokucacileyo yiCandelo 122. Isigqibo savumela isithintelo esisisigxina - kodwa kuphela kubamangali abathathu abamangalele, kungekhona abangenisi ngokubanzi. ISebe lezoBulungisa labhena, kwaye ngoJuni 11, 2026, iSithili seFederal sakhupha isithintelo senkundla esezantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba i-CBP iqhubekile nokuqokelela i-10 yepesenti yentlawulo kubo bonke abantu, kuquka nabamangali, ngelixa isibheno sisaqhubeka.
Kwabaninzi abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, isiphumo esipheleleyo seenyanga zetyala asizange sibe lutshintsho lokwenyani: intlawulo eyongezelelweyo iyaqhubeka nokuqokelelwa kumda kwaye eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza kuqhubeka nokuyihlawula kunye nokugcina ilungelo lokubuyiselwa imali ukuba iinkundla ekugqibeleni zigqiba ngenye indlela. Ngokwahlukileyo, inkqubo ye-CAPE ye-CBP yaqala ukwamkela iifayile zokubuyiselwa imali nge-elektroniki nge-ACE Portal ngo-Epreli 2026. Abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe abahlawule imisebenzi ngexesha le-IEEPA yangaphambili, ebanzi (ukusuka ku-Epreli 2025 ukuya kuFebruwari 2026) banelungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo kuloo nxalenye ye-IEEPA ngokukodwa.
Ukubeka iileya: Oko Kuhlawulwayo Ngeempahla Ezivela eTshayina
Iirhafu kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina ziyaqokelelwa, hayi nje ipesenti esisiseko. Uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lweendleko ezifikelelwayo luqala ngexabiso lerhafu elisisiseko leMost Favoured Nation kwikhowudi yakho ye-HTS, kunye nexabiso loluhlu lweCandelo 301 elifanelekileyo, kunye neCandelo 122 apho iimpahla zingakhululwanga, kunye - ukuba imveliso yakho iwela kwintsimbi, i-aluminium, ubhedu okanye iimoto - iCandelo 232 ngaphezu kwayo yonke loo nto. Icandelo 232 aligcini phezu kweCandelo 122 kuzo zonke iimeko, ngoko ke indibaniselwano echanekileyo ixhomekeke kwiinkcazo zomthetho ezinxulunyaniswe nomgca wakho werhafu. Kwaye le yindawo apho impazamo encinci yokwahlulahlula inokubiza amawaka eedola kwimpahla.
| Isimo | Isiseko se-MFN | Icandelo 301 | Icandelo 122 | Isimbuku Esisebenzayo |
| Impahla, i-HTS 6109.10.00 | 16.5% | 7.5% (Uluhlu 4A) | 10% | ~ 34% |
| Izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi ngokubanzi | 0% | 7.5% (Uluhlu 4A) | 10% | ~ 17.5% |
| Icandelo lemizi-mveliso, Uluhlu 1–3 | 2-5% | 25% | 10% | ~37–40% |
| Imveliso yentsimbi (iCandelo 232 liyasebenza) | 0-5% | 25% | 10% + 25% (232) | I-60% + |
| Iiseli zelanga | 0-1.5% | 50% | 10% | ~ 60% |
Kufanelekile ukuphumla ukuze sicinge ukuba oku kungcono kangakanani kunesiqingatha sokuqala sika-2026. Ngaphambi komyalelo weNkundla ePhakamileyo, iirhafu ezifanayo kwiimpahla zaseTshayina phantsi kwe-IEEPA zazinyuse amazinga athile asebenzayo ukuya kwi-145 ekhulwini. Icandelo 122 lilinganiselwe ngumthetho ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini - okwangoku li-10 ekhulwini - ngoko ke umda ophezulu osebenzayo kwizinto ezininzi ezivela eTshayina uye wehla waya kwindawo ethile kuluhlu lwama-35 ukuya kuma-45 ekhulwini lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okungekho qhinga, oku kukunciphisa okukhulu, kodwa kusephezulu ngokwembali.
Ukunika isikali sokwenyani kwicala labathengi: impahla yeedola ezingama-200 ebingayi kuhlawuliswa rhafu phantsi kwemithetho emidala ye-de minimis ngoku inokuba nendawo ekufutshane needola ezingama-68 ukuya kuma-75 kwimirhumo edibeneyo xa udibanisa i-MFN esisiseko, iCandelo 301, kunye neCandelo 122 kunye, ungabandakanyi neendleko zomthengisi. Abathengisi abaninzi abawela imida bayayeka ukuthunyelwa ngeposi ngepasela baye kwiimodeli zokucoca kwangaphambili kunye ne-warehouse-and-distribution, njengoko iindleko ezizinzileyo zokungena ngokusesikweni kulula ukuzithatha kwinqanaba.
Iliwa likaJulayi 24 kunye noko kuza emva koko
Zonke iingcebiso ngalo mba zinika umhla ofanayo. Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeCandelo 122 iya kuphela ngokuzenzekelayo ngentsimbi ye-12:01 kusasa ngaphandle kokuba iCongress ithathe amanyathelo. Eastern, kwiintsuku ezili-150 emva kokuba iqalile ukusebenza, ngoJulayi 24, 2026. Ulawulo alunakuyandisa ngokwalo, kwaye nangona umthetho obizwa ngokuba yiReclaim Trade Powers Act uxhaswe yiCongress, ngowenjongo eyahlukileyo - ukunciphisa igunya lerhafu kamongameli endaweni yokuyandisa.
Ulawulo aluyi kuvumela loo ngeniso ukuba inyamalale nje. Ngomhla we-11 nowe-12 kweyoKwindla ngo-2026, i-USTR yaqalisa uphando olutsha olubini olubanzi lweCandelo 301: olunye malunga nomthamo omkhulu wemveliso kwi-16 yezoqoqosho, kuquka neTshayina, kunye nolunye uphando malunga namaqhinga okunyanzelisa abasebenzi abaqeshwe ngokunyanzelwa kuma-60 amaqabane amakhulu ezorhwebo ase-US. Zombini zazisebenza ngesantya esikhawulezileyo ngakumbi ukuze isakhiwo serhafu esilandelayo sibe khona ngaphambi kokuba iwotshi yeCandelo 122 iphele. Umhla wokugqibela obhengezwe yi-USTR wokugqiba olu phando yayinguJulayi 20, 2026, iintsuku ezine ngaphambi kokutshona kwelanga, kwaye isicwangciso esisetafileni siza kubeka irhafu yeCandelo 301 malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-12.5 yepesenti kumazwe amaninzi.
Olu tshintsho alukhathali kangako ngeTshayina ngakumbi kunamanye amazwe, kuba nje iTshayina inesakhelo sayo esizinikeleyo seCandelo 301 esingonakaliswanga yiyo nayiphi na kwezi zinto. Ukuba iirhafu zeCandelo 301 zokunyanzelwa okanye zomthamo ogqithisileyo ziyagqitywa, ezo rhafu zinokubekwa phezu kweerhafu ezikhoyo zaseTshayina ukusuka kuLuhlu 1 ukuya ku-4A lweempahla ezivela eTshayina - nangona okwangoku, imithetho yokubeka izinto yayingekagqitywa, kwaye ngokungafaniyo neerhafu zeCandelo 301 langoku laseTshayina, iirhafu zeCandelo 301 zokunyanzelwa azilindelekanga ukuba zibekwe phezu kweCandelo 232.
Okwangoku, iCandelo 232 liphonononga amayeza, izithako ezisebenzayo zamayeza kunye nezixhobo zonyango ziyahamba ngeendlela zazo ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-100% yerhafu kwiimveliso zamayeza ezinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi eziza kusetyenziswa ngoJulayi 31, 2026 kwiinkampani ezinkulu kunye noSeptemba 29 kwiinkampani ezincinci. Ngokungafaniyo neCandelo 122, iCandelo 232 alinamda osemthethweni kwixabiso okanye ukuphelelwa lixesha okwakhelwe ngaphakathi - yiyo loo nto ulawulo luhlala lubuyela kulo njengesixhobo esihlala ixesha elide.
INkundla ePhakamileyo ikwavale ucango olunye olwaluvuliwe kangangeminyaka phakathi kuJuni: ngomhla we-15 kuJuni, ngo-2026, ayizange ivume ukuqwalasela umngeni wezomthetho osele uqhubeka ixesha elide kwiCandelo 301 Uluhlu 3 kunye no-4A kwiimpahla zaseTshayina, nto leyo eyaphelisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ityala kunye nokuqinisekisa ezo rhafu ziya kuhlala zikho, nokuba isaga seCandelo 122 siqhubeka njani.
Oku kuthetha ukuthini kwicebo lakho lokufumana izinto kunye nokuthumela impahla
Kodwa akukho nanye kwezi zinto etshintsha inyani yorhwebo: iTshayina iseseyona ndawo iphambili yokuvelisa kwinxalenye enkulu yeendidi ezithengiswa kwimarike yaseMelika, kwaye ukuhlaziya uthotho olupheleleyo lokuhambisa akukhawulezi kwaye akubizi kakhulu. Kwabaninzi abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kukufunda ngobuchule malunga nokuhlelwa, ixesha kunye nolwakhiwo lwezinto ezifunekayo, endaweni yokuzama ukufumana indlela yokuphuma ngokupheleleyo kwi-tariff stack.
Ukwahlulahlula i-HTS ngendlela eyiyo yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza, kwaye yinto onokuthi uyilahle xa uxinzelelwe ixesha. Imveliso echazwe kakubi sisihlokwana esinye kuphela inokubiza imveliso umrhumo we-7.5% weCandelo 301, endaweni yereyithingi ye-25%. Xa isetyenziswa kunye neendlela zokugcina impahla ezibotshiweyo okanye iindlela zorhwebo lwangaphandle, oku kuvumela abathumeli ukuba baphephe ukuhlawula irhafu de iimveliso zingene ngokwenene kurhwebo lwase-US, nto leyo enokubaluleka kakhulu kwimali engenayo xa ireyithingi yerhafu edibeneyo kwimpahla ethunyelwayo inokudlula isithathu sexabiso layo elibhengeziweyo.
Kulo nyaka ikwayindlela yokwenyani yokufikelela kwixesha lokungena ngexesha elimiselweyo elinje nge-24 kaJulayi. Iimpahla ezivunyiweyo ngokungena ngokusesikweni ngaphambi kokuba intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeCandelo 122 iphelelwe zivaleleke kulo naliphi na ixabiso elisebenzayo ngexesha lokungena, ngelixa iimpahla ezibanjiweyo nezingeniswe kamva zingawela phantsi kolawulo olwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo nolungachazwanga. Izigqibo ezinjalo zexesha zixhomekeke kakhulu ekufumanekeni kweqabane lempahla eliqonda ixesha lokuhamba ngolwandle kunye nekhalenda yokulawula ngokwaneleyo ukucwangcisa umva ukusuka kwixesha elimiselweyo elibekwe yinkundla.
Le yimeko kanye apho iqabane lezothutho elinorhwebo olunzulu nolukhethekileyo phakathi kweTshayina ne-US lifumana indlela yalo. Ukusukela ngo-2010, iShenzhen Topway Shipping Co., Ltd. ibingumboneleli wezisombululo zezothutho ze-e-commerce ezichwephesha. Iqela eliyisunguleyo linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kuthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwerhafu, ngakumbi indlela yezorhwebo phakathi kweTshayina ne-US - indlela yorhwebo echanekileyo apho iCandelo 301 kunye neCandelo 122 zikhokelela khona ngokuthe ngqo.
Inkonzo yeTopway Shipping igubungela lonke uthotho lwezothutho, ukusuka kuthutho lokuqala oluphuma eTshayina, ukuya phesheya kolwandle. ukugcina e-US, ukuya ekucutshungulweni kwerhafu, kunye nokuhanjiswa kokugqibela kumthengi wokugqibela. Kwabangenisi abacinga ngokutshintsha ukusuka ekuthuthweni ngeposi okusekelwe kwiipasela ukuya kwimodeli yokukhupha impahla ngobuninzi kunye neyokugcina impahla kunye nokusasaza impahla ngokujonga imeko yangoku yerhafu, olo hlobo lokugubungela ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kunciphisa umthwalo omkhulu wokulungelelanisa obungabekwa ngqo kumngenisi. Le nkampani ikwabonelela ngenkonzo yokuthutha ulwandle eguquguqukayo enesikhongozeli esipheleleyo kunye nemithwalo engaphantsi kwesikhongozeli ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, ivumela abathumeli ukhetho lokukhula okanye ukunciphisa umthamo xa imithetho yerhafu itshintsha ngaphandle kokufaka isivumelwano esitsha sempahla ngalo lonke ixesha.
Ngakumbi nangakumbi, ukuba neqabane elilandela olu tshintsho lwemithetho imihla ngemihla, endaweni yokufumana ulwazi ngotshintsho lwexabiso kwi-invoyisi yomthengisi werhafu, yinxalenye yezinto ezibeka abathumeli abakhusela iimali zabo ngaphandle kwabo bachitha imali engafunekiyo.
Inqaku malunga nokuthunyelwa kweDe Minimis kunye neeSmall-Parcel
Olunye utshintsho olufumana ingqalelo encinci kuneerhafu eziphambili, kodwa mhlawumbi oluguqulweyo kwi-e-commerce engaphaya kwemida ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na ipesenti enye, kukuphela okusebenzayo kokuphathwa ngaphandle kwerhafu kwempahla ethunyelwayo enexabiso eliphantsi evela eTshayina. Umahluko we-de minimis, kangangeminyaka, uvumele ukuthunyelwa okuxabisa ngaphantsi kwe-$800 ukuba kungene eMelika ngaphandle kwemisebenzi esemthethweni, okuvumela amaqonga athetha ngqo kubathengi ukuba athumele izinto ngokuthe ngqo ezivela kwiindawo zokugcina impahla zaseTshayina ngeendleko ezifanelekileyo. Ukukhululwa kuye kwaqiniswa kancinci kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina, kwaye irhafu yangoku isebenza ngokupheleleyo nakwiimpahla ebezingenarhafu ngaphambili.
Oku kuthetha ukuba abathengisi abaninzi abaye bakhela yonke imodeli yabo yeshishini malunga nokuthunyelwa kweepasela ngoku baqala ukubala kwakhona ukususela ekuqaleni. Imodeli eyayisebenza xa into yedola ezingama-50 ingena ntlawulo, ayisebenzi xa loo nto inye ngoku inexabiso elidibeneyo le-MFN, iCandelo 301 kunye neCandelo 122 elinokuba phakathi kwama-20 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini kuxhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-HTS. Le yenye yezizathu eziphambili zokuba ukuhlanganiswa kwenqwaba kunye nokungena ngokusemthethweni ngesibonelelo esibophelelweyo kube nomtsalane ngakumbi kunangaphambili, kwanakwabathengisi abaye baphepha umsebenzi wamaphepha wokungena ngokusesikweni ngokupheleleyo.
isiphelo
I-US-China Imeko yerhafu phakathi kowama-2026 iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili, kodwa ayifumaneki. Icandelo 301 lingundoqo osisigxina werhafu ethile yaseTshayina, eqokelelwe phantse kwiminyaka elishumi yophando kunye nophononongo, kwaye ayizukunyamalala nokuba iinkundla zigweba ntoni na kwenye into. Icandelo 122 likhadi elingaqhelekanga, isithuba sokumisa, ukukhuphisana kwentlawulo okuchaswa ngokusemthethweni ukuya ekupheleni kwayo ngokomthetho ngoJulayi 24, 2026, kunye nokutshintshwa okusekwe kwiCandelo 301 esele kwenziwe emva kwalo. Umsebenzi osebenzayo uyafana nokuba uhamba ngayiphi na indlela kuyo nayiphi na ishishini elihambisa iimpahla phakathi kweTshayina neMelika: hlela ngokuchanekileyo, bonisa i-stack epheleleyo endaweni yexabiso elinye lentloko, jonga umhla wokugqibela kaJulayi 24 ngokusondeleyo, kwaye usebenzisane namaqabane ezothutho anokulungisa umzila kunye nexesha lokungena njengoko imithetho iqhubeka itshintsha. I-stack yerhafu ayizukuba nzima ngaphambi kokuba izinze ngakumbi kodwa akufuneki ilawulwe yiqabane elifanelekileyo lempahla kunye nerhafu.
FAQs
Q: Ingaba iCandelo 122 lithatha indawo yerhafu yeCandelo 301 kwiimpahla zaseTshayina?
A: Ziyi-zero. Inqwaba ezimbini phezu kwenye yeempahla ezivela eTshayina. Icandelo 301 lilawula irhafu esisigxina, eTshayina; Icandelo 122 lirhafu eyongezelelweyo yexeshana, ebanzi esetyenziswa kumaqabane amaninzi orhwebo. Ukuthunyelwa okuvela eTshayina kunokuzisa zombini ezi zinto.
Q: Iphelelwa nini intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeCandelo 122?
A: Iza kuphela ngentsimbi ye-12:01 kusasa ngokomthetho. Eastern ngomhla wama-24 kuJulayi, ngo-2026, emva kweentsuku ezili-150 emva kokuba iqalile ukusebenza ngomhla wama-24 kuFebruwari, ngo-2026, ngaphandle kokuba iCongress ivuma umthetho wokuyolula, nto leyo ekucingelwa ukuba ingenzeka okwangoku.
Umbuzo: Ingaba intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeCandelo 122 le-10% isaqokelelwa nangona inkundla igwebe ngokuchasene nayo?
A: Ewe. NgoMeyi 2026 iNkundla yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe yafumanisa ukuba irhafu ayivumelekanga, kodwa iSithili seFederal sawuhlehlisa umyalelo ngoJuni silinde isibheno sikarhulumente, kwaye okwangoku i-CBP iyaqhubeka nokuqokelela intlawulo eyongezelelweyo kubo bonke abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe.
Q: Yintoni ethatha indawo yeCandelo 122 emva kokuba liphelelwe lixesha?
A: I-USTR icebise iirhafu ezongezelelweyo zeCandelo 301 ezimalunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-12.5 ekhulwini kumazwe amaninzi, ngokusekelwe kuphando oluqhubekayo malunga nokunyanzelwa kwabasebenzi kunye nomthamo omkhulu wemveliso, oluya kuthatha indawo yalo, kwaye lujolise kumhla wokugqitywa okujoliswe kuwo ngaphambi nje kokutshona kwelanga kwe-24 kaJulayi.
Q: Ndingafumana imbuyekezo kwiirhafu endizihlawulileyo?
A: Abangenisi bempahla abahlawule irhafu phantsi kolawulo lwangaphambili lwerhafu olusekelwe kwi-IEEPA ukususela ngo-Epreli 2025 ukuya kuFebruwari 2026 banokucela imbuyekezo besebenzisa i-ACE Portal ye-CBP. Irhafu yeCandelo 301 ayibuyiselwa, kwaye ukufumaneka kwembuyekezo yeCandelo 122 kusaxhomekeke kwisiphumo sesibheno senkundla yangoku.
