Inzuzo yeBelt & Road: Indlela iSerbia eyaba ngayo yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zothutho eYurophu
intshayelelo
Xa uninzi lwabantu lucinga ngeziko eziphambili zothutho eYurophu, ngokuqhelekileyo yiRotterdam, iHamburg okanye iAntwerp ezifika engqondweni. Kodwa kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ilizwe elingenanto yakwenza nehlabathi elisembindini weBalkans liye labhala ngokutsha ngokuthe cwaka - kwaye ngokubalulekileyo - imeko yempahla kunye nothutho lwelizwekazi. ISerbia iye yaba yenye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane kakhulu zothutho eYurophu, kwaye ayifihli ukuba yintoni ebangela oku: iBelt and Road Initiative yaseTshayina (BRI).
Njengoko iibhiliyoni zeerandi zityalwe kwiziseko zophuhliso, iSivumelwano soRhwebo oluKhululekileyo phakathi kweTshayina neSerbia esaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 1, 2024 kunye nololiwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu odibanisa iBelgrade neBudapest, iSerbia iziguqule ekubeni yinto ecingelwayo emva kwengingqi yaba yindawo ebalulekileyo kwiNew Silk Road. Nakweyiphi na ishishini elithumela iimpahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu, okanye ukuhambisa imithwalo kulo lonke iBalkans, ukwazi umda wezothutho eSerbia akusekho kukhetha. Kubalulekile.
IJografi yeSicwangciso saseSerbia: Inzuzo yeCrossroads
IJografi yindlela eza kusetyenziswa ngayo izinto kwaye indawo yaseSerbia yenzelwe ngokukodwa indawo yokuthutha abantu. Ifumaneka kwisiphambuka seMbindi, eMpuma naseMzantsi Yurophu, iSerbia ikwiPan-European Corridor X (eSalzburg ukuya eThessaloniki) kunye neCorridor XI (eBelgrade ukuya kunxweme lwaseAdriatic). Amazwe asixhenxe ajikeleze okanye akufutshane ngemoto, enika abaqhubi bemithwalo ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike kwiNtshona yeBalkan, kwi-EU nakwamanye amazwe.
Okwenza oku kube namandla ngakumbi kumxholo we-BRI yindima yeSerbia njengebhulorho yomhlaba ebalulekileyo phakathi kwezibuko laseGrisi lasePiraeus, apho i-COSCO Shipping ityale imali eninzi khona, kunye neemarike zaseMbindi Yurophu. Imithwalo efika ngenqanawa ePiraeus ngoku inokuthathwa emhlabeni idlule eMntla Macedonia naseSerbia, iphephe imida yaseNtshona Mediterranean edla ngokuba nemizila emininzi. Umzila we-China-Europe Land-Sea Express kulindeleke ukuba unciphise amaxesha okuhamba ngeentsuku ezisi-7-10 xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezihamba ulwandle lonke, okonga ixesha okuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwiindleko zempahla ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nokuphendula okukhulu kwiimeko zemarike kubangenisi.
ISerbia ikwangomnye wamazwe ambalwa aseBalkan akwazile ukugcina unxibelelwano olusondeleyo neManyano yaseYurophu kunye neTshayina ngaxeshanye. Njengelizwe elimele i-EU, linandipha iindlela zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo namalungu e-EU kwaye liqabane elisondeleyo leBeijing kulo mmandla, isikhundla sezopolitiko esibonelele ngezabelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho kumashishini asebenza kule ndlela.
Uloliwe waseBelgrade-Budapest: Utshintsho Oluphawulekayo Kwimpahla YaseYurophu
Ngamafutshane, uloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu eBelgrade-Budapest lutshintsho lwezothutho oluqhutywa yi-BRI eSerbia. Yakhiwe yintsebenziswano ekhokelwa yiChina Railway International (CRI) kunye neChina Communications Construction Company (CCCC), le projekthi inabela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-350 kwaye yenye yezona tyalo-mali zibalaseleyo ze-BRI eYurophu.
Inxalenye yaseSerbia yomgca, ukusuka eBelgrade ukuya eSubotica kumda waseHungary, yagqitywa ngo-2024. Ngoku, uhambo lweekhilomitha ezili-180 luthatha iyure nemizuzu eli-10 kuphela, kunye noololiwe abahlanu abakhawulezayo abavela kwiChina Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC), abanokufikelela kwi-200 km/h, sele besebenza. Xa yonke indlela ivulwa, ekuqaleni kuka-2026, uhambo oluphakathi kweBelgrade neBudapest luya kuncitshiswa ukusuka kwiiyure ezisibhozo ngoku ukuya ngaphantsi kweeyure ezintathu.
Kumashishini ezothutho, ukubaluleka akupheleli nje ekuncedeni abathengi. Uloliwe ngowokuqala eYurophu ukudibanisa itekhnoloji yesitimela saseTshayina kunye nezixhobo kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa ye-EU - inkqubela phambili yesatifikethi evula ucango lokusebenzisana kwempahla ngaphandle komthungo kulo lonke ilizwekazi. Iimpahla zaseTshayina ezifika ngolwandle ePiraeus zinokutshintshela kwisitimela eBelgrade zize zifike eBudapest, eVienna okanye eFrankfurt ngamaxesha ancitshisiweyo kakhulu.
Le projekthi ikwagxininisa ukuzibophelela kweTshayina kulo mmandla. Oorhulumente bobabini bancome amandla ayo okuguqula izinto, kwaye abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba, ukuba isebenza ngokupheleleyo, iya kwandisa kakhulu inani leempahla ezivela eBalkan ezifikelela kumaziko okusasaza aseNtshona Yurophu kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 emva kokuhamba.
| ICandelo leNdlela | Ixesha Elidlulileyo | Ixesha Lasemva Kwesitimela | Ixesha Eligciniweyo |
| IBelgrade → ISubotica | ~ Ii3 iiyure | 1 yr 10 imiz | ~ Ii2 iiyure |
| IBelgrade → IBudapest (umgca opheleleyo) | ~ Ii8 iiyure | <Iiyure ezili-3 | ~ Ii5 iiyure |
| IPiraeus → IYurophu eseMbindini (ulwandle + uloliwe) | Iintsuku eziyi-25-30 | Iintsuku eziyi-18-22 | Iintsuku eziyi-7-10 |
| ITshayina → IBudapest (iNingbo sea+rail express) | Imihla engama-35+ eqhelekileyo | ~iintsuku ezi-26 | ~9+ iintsuku |
Itheyibhile 1: Uthelekiso lwexesha lokuhamba eliphambili kwindlela ye-BRI edlula eSerbia
Isivumelwano soRhwebo olukhululekileyo phakathi kweTshayina neSerbia: Ukuvula ukuhamba korhwebo olutsha
Ibali leziseko zophuhliso linamandla, kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo uphakamise ngokwenene iprofayili yeSerbia kwezothutho. Ngomhla woku-1 kweyeKhala ngo-2024, isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo phakathi kweTshayina neSerbia saqala ukusebenza, nto leyo eyenza iSerbia ibe luqoqosho lwesibini lwaseYurophu, emva kwe-Iceland, ukuba nesivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo neTshayina kunye nesokuqala kwiiBalkans.
Iingxoxo ezisesikweni ze-FTA zaqalwa ngo-Epreli 2023 xa uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uWang Wentao wadibana nomlingani wakhe waseSerbia uTomislav Momirovic eBeijing. Phantsi kwesivumelwano, iTshayina yayiza kunika amaxabiso erhafu anenzuzo kwiimpahla zaseSerbia ezifanelekileyo, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kweSerbia eTshayina kujoliswe ekubeni kudlule i-USD 2 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka. I-FTA ibonelela ngezibonelelo ezintsha kubaboneleli bezothutho kunye nabangenisi ukuba bathumele iimpahla ngeSerbia endaweni yeendawo zokungena zemveli entshona Yurophu.
UMongameli uXi Jinping utyelele eBelgrade ngoMeyi 2024, okwesibini kwiminyaka esibhozo, kwaye kwenziwa izivumelwano ezingama-29 malunga nentsebenziswano yezomthetho, yemithetho kunye neyezoqoqosho. Olu tyelelo lugxininise ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kweTshayina neSerbia bukhokelela kwiziseko zoshishino ezihlala ixesha elide, kungekuphela nje uphawu lwezopolitiko. "Ubuhlobo bentsimbi" obubizwa ngokuba bubo rhulumente bobabini ngoku bunamazinyo esivumelwano.
| Isalathisi | Ngaphambi kwe-FTA (2023) | Ithagethi emva kwe-FTA (2025+) |
| Umthamo worhwebo phakathi kweTshayina neSerbia | ~USD 3.5 yeebhiliyoni | I-USD 5+ billion |
| Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eSerbia eTshayina | < Ibhiliyoni enye yeedola zaseMelika | I-USD 2+ billion |
| Iiprojekthi ze-FDI zaseTshayina eSerbia | Ngaphezulu kwama-50 asebenzayo | Ukukhula kombhobho |
| Umhla wokuphunyezwa kwe-FTA | - | Julayi 1, 2024 |
| Izivumelwano zityikityiwe (utyelelo lukaXi, ngoMeyi 2024) | - | 29 izivumelwano |
Itheyibhile 2: Indlela yorhwebo phakathi kweTshayina neSerbia ngaphambi nasemva kwe-FTA
Iziseko zoPhuhliso eziNinzi: Iindlela, iiNdawo zeMizi-mveliso, kunye nooLoliwe beMizi-mveliso
Uloliwe waseBelgrade-Budapest uphambili kwiindaba eziphambili, kodwa ukuhlaziywa kweenkqubo zothutho eSerbia kungaphezulu koko. Utyalo-mali lwenziwe kwiindlela nakwiindawo zoshishino kunye nezibonelelo zokuphatha imithwalo ezidityanisiweyo zenza imeko-bume yanamhlanje, edibeneyo yothungelwano lokubonelela. Uthungelwano lweendlela eSerbia luye lwaphuhliswa kakhulu kuzo zombini iiCorridor X kunye neCorridor XI, lubonelela ngonxibelelwano lwemayile yokuqala neyeyokugqibela olungenakubonelelwa ngololiwe kuphela.
Isicwangciso sikarhulumente soTyalo-mali sinikele malunga ne-USD 13.5 yeebhiliyoni kuphuhliso lweziseko, uninzi lwazo luchithwe kwiiprojekthi zeendlela, oololiwe, umoya kunye nemijelo yamanzi. Inzuzo yokusebenza engenakuthathelwa indawo yintetho yeqhinga: ukusuka eBelgrade ilori elayishiweyo inokufikelela kwiindawo eziphambili zokuvelisa eJamani, ePoland okanye eRomania kusuku olunye ngemoto.
Iindawo zorhwebo olukhululekileyo kunye neepaki zoshishino ezikufutshane neBelgrade, iNovi Sad kunye neKragujevac zibonisa olunye uhlangothi lwendawo enomtsalane wezothutho eSerbia. Amashishini aseTshayina aseke izibonelelo zemveliso eSerbia aquka iShandong Linglong (amatayara) kunye nenani labathengisi beemoto. Bangenisa izinto eziluhlaza ezivela eTshayina kwaye bathumela iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kwiimarike ze-EU. Ezi zibonelelo zivelisa umthwalo wendalo wemithwalo oxhasa ukusetyenziswa kweziseko zothutho kwaye zigcina amandla - kunye neendleko - zikhuphisana.
ISerbia iphucula iindawo zokugcina iikhonteyina kunye nezikhululo zokuthutha imithwalo kaloliwe kwicala eliphakathi ukuze zikwazi ukujongana neenkonzo ze-China-Europe Railway Express (CER). Ngowama-2024, oololiwe be-CRE banikezele ngeenqwelo-mafutha ezingama-31 ukusuka kumazibuko aseTshayina ukuya eBudapest, bethwele imithwalo engaphezulu kwe-1,700. Ezi ndleko kulindeleke ukuba zinyuke kakhulu njengoko yonke imigca yeBelgrade-Budapest iza kuqala ukusebenza.
Inzuzo yeendleko zaseSerbia ngokuchasene neeHub zaseNtshona Yurophu
Umgangatho weziseko zophuhliso ubalulekile kodwa nexabiso lazo ziziseko zophuhliso libalulekile - kwaye iSerbia inenzuzo enkulu kunezinye iinkampani zaseNtshona Yurophu kule nkalo. zokugcina Amaxabiso, iindleko zabasebenzi kunye namaxabiso omhlaba eSerbia zincinci kakhulu kunezo zifumaneka kwizibonelelo ezifanayo eNetherlands, eJamani okanye ePoland. Uqoqosho lunomtsalane ngakumbi kwiinkampani ezifuna ukuseta izibonelelo zokusasaza zaseYurophu ezibonelela ngeenkonzo kwiimarike ze-EU kunye neBalkan.
| Indleko yeNdleko | ISerbia (Indawo yaseBelgrade) | INtshona Yurophu (Umyinge) | Inzuzo yaseSerbia |
| Indawo yokugcina impahla (nge-sqm/ngenyanga) | €3–5 | €8–14 | ~60–70% ngaphantsi |
| Umhlaba wemizi-mveliso (ngeskweya nganye) | €50–120 | €200–500+ | ~60–75% ngaphantsi |
| Umsebenzi wezothutho (ngenyanga) | €700–1,100 | €2,500–4,000 | ~60–70% ngaphantsi |
| Iirhafu zorhwebo | 15% | 19-30% | Ukhuphiswano ngakumbi |
| Iindawo zorhwebo zasimahla | iyafumaneka | KuNcinci | Inzuzo yaseSerbia |
Itheyibhile 3: Izalathisi zeendleko zokuthelekisa izinto — iSerbia vs. iNtshona Yurophu
Izinga lerhafu yenkampani yaseSerbia eliyi-15% – phakathi kwezona ziphantsi eYurophu – kunye neenkqubo zokukhuthaza utyalo-mali, ziyenza ibe yindawo ekhangayo kungekuphela nje yokuthutha impahla, kodwa nakwiinkqubo zothutho lokwenyani kunye nemisebenzi yokuvelisa. Iinkampani ezithembisa ukudala imisebenzi ziya kukwazi ukufumana izibonelelo, umhlaba oxhaswayo kwaye zikhawulezise ukuvunywa nge-Arhente yoPhuhliso yaseSerbia, enye into ebaluleke kakhulu kwindlela yokutsala imali.
Indlela iTopway Shipping edibanisa ngayo iTshayina neSerbia kunye neNgaphaya kwayo
Ukwazi amandla eSerbia obuchule yinto enye, kodwa ukuba neqabane lezothutho elinolwazi kunye nenethiwekhi yokuhambisa impahla kweli candelo yinto eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kulapho ke iTopway Shipping ingena khona.
I-Topway Shipping, eyasekwa ngo-2010 kwaye ikwindawo yaseShenzhen, eTshayina, inamava angaphezu kweshumi leminyaka ekudaleni enye yezona qonga zibanzi zezothutho ezivela eTshayina kweli shishini. Iqela labasunguli linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 ekusebenzeni ngokusesikweni kwezothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, kunye nobuchule obunzulu bokuhamba kwiingxaki zemithetho yokuthumela impahla ngaphandle yaseTshayina, iimfuno zokungenisa impahla ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwilizwe kunye neendlela ezintsonkothileyo zeendlela zokuthutha impahla ezinqumla ilizwekazi — kuquka iindlela zaseTshayina ukuya eYurophu ngoku ezihamba ngeSerbia.
I-Topway Shipping ibonelela ngezisombululo zothutho oluvela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo njengothutho oluvela kwimizi-mveliso nakwiindawo zokugcina impahla eTshayina ukuya echwebeni, iindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle kwiindawo ezikwindawo efanelekileyo, ukususwa kwempahla eTshayina nakwiimarike eziya apho, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla kubathengi abagqibeleleyo okanye kwiindawo zokufezekisa. Kumashishini afuna ukusebenzisa iSerbia njengendawo yokusasaza impahla eYurophu, ubuchule beTopway bokulawula indlela epheleleyo - ukusuka kumgangatho wokuvelisa impahla eShenzhen ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaseBelgrade ukuya kumthengi we-EU - kususa iingxaki endleleni.
Ngokuphathelele uthutho lwaselwandle, iTopway inikezela ngeenkonzo zomthwalo wesikhongozeli esipheleleyo (FCL) kunye nomthwalo wesikhongozeli ongaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (LCL) ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka iPiraeus eGrisi, isango lolwandle eliphambili lomjelo womhlaba waseTshayina-Serbia. Olu tshintsho luvumela iTopway ukuba ilungiselele indlela engabizi kakhulu nokuba umthengi ufuna ukuthumela ipalethi enye ye-elektroniki exabiso liphezulu okanye isitya esipheleleyo sezinto zabathengi. Ukufika kwePiraeus kunye nokuhanjiswa kwesitimela okanye indlela kubathengi abajonga imodeli yokusasazwa kweSerbia, zonke zilawulwa phantsi kobambiswano olunye lothutho.
Kwimarike apho i-BRI ivula amathuba amatsha eekhorido ngokukhawuleza kunokuba uninzi lwabathumeli lunokuvavanya, umqhubi ofana neTopway Shipping - onolwazi olunzulu lwaseTshayina, inethiwekhi yehlabathi kunye nerekhodi eliphambili elisusela ngo-2010 - lithuba elitshintsha umdlalo kuyo nayiphi na inkampani ezimisele ngekhorido yaseYurophu.
Imingeni kunye neengcebiso ezinyanisekileyo
Yonke into enxulumene nokulungiselela izinto ifuna iindawo zokungqubana. Indlela ye-BRI yaseSerbia ayizange ibe nempikiswano. Ngomhla woku-1 kweyeNkanga ngo-2024, uphahla lwekhonkrithi lwesitishi sikaloliwe saseNovi Sad lwawa, lwabulala abantu abali-15. Isitishi sahlaziywa yindibaniselwano yabakhi baseTshayina, phantsi kweprojekthi kaloliwe yaseBelgrade-Budapest. Ukungaphumeleli kwabangela imibhikisho ebanzi kulo lonke elaseSerbia, abemi benomsindo kungekuphela nje kurhulumente kodwa nakwimfihlo ejikeleze iikhontrakthi zokwakha zaseTshayina. Esi siganeko sasikhumbuza ngokucacileyo ukuba isantya seziseko zophuhliso kunye nenzondelelo yezopolitiko azisoloko ziguqulela kwimigangatho yolawulo lokwakha elindelwe lurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Kukwakho neengxaki zesakhiwo malunga nokungafihlisi kwimali yeprojekthi ye-BRI. Umbhalo opheleleyo wezivumelwano zemali-mboleko ezininzi phakathi kweSerbia kunye neebhanki zikarhulumente waseTshayina awukapapashwa, nto leyo ethintela amathuba ovavanyo oluzimeleyo lokuzinza kwamatyala ixesha elide. Kwiinkampani ezifuna ukusebenzisa iSerbia njengendawo yokuhambisa izinto ixesha elide, ukujonga uzinzo lwezopolitiko nolwezemali lwala malungiselelo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yophando olufanelekileyo.
Okokugqibela, iSerbia ngumgqatswa we-EU kwaye ayilolungu elipheleleyo, ngoko ke ulungelelwaniso lolawulo lusaqhubeka. Iinkqubo zerhafu ziyaphucuka kodwa azihambelani ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho ye-EU kwaye iinkampani ezicinga ngeenkqubo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla rhoqo kufuneka ziqwalasele ixesha elaneleyo lokuhlawula kwaye zisebenzise abarhwebi abanobuchule.
Indlela Engaphambili: Indlela Yokuthutha yaseSerbia Eya Ku-2030
Nangona kukho imiqobo, amandla olwakhiwo aphantsi kokwandiswa kwempahla yaseSerbia akhulu kakhulu. Xa umgca opheleleyo weBelgrade-Budapest ugqityiwe ngo-2026, le ndlela iya kufikelela kwisakhono sayo sokuthwala impahla, idibanise amazibuko asemanzini anzulu aseGrisi kunye nembindi we-EU ngendlela engenamthungo nekhawulezayo.” Njengoko inani loololiwe baseTshayina-eYurophu Railway Express lisanda kwaye utyalo-mali lwaseTshayina luqhubeka lungena kwi-Piraeus-Belgrade-Budapest corridor, ukubaluleka kweSerbia kolu nxibelelwano kuya kuba nomtsalane ngakumbi.
Kuza kudlula iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba impembelelo epheleleyo ye-FTA yaseTshayina neSerbia ivakale njengoko iinkampani ziphinda zilungelelanisa uthungelwano lokubonelela ngeenkonzo malunga nenyani entsha yerhafu. Njengoko ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eSerbia eTshayina kusanda kwaye abavelisi baseTshayina besebenza ngakumbi kwiindawo zoshishino zaseSerbia, ukuhamba kwempahla ngokulinganayo okuxhasa inkqubo yothutho enamandla kuya kuqiniswa. Ingxoxo engaphezulu inokwandisa ububanzi be-FTA ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwimiba efana norhwebo lwedijithali, intsebenziswano yerhafu kunye nokuqatshelwa kwemigangatho.
ISerbia ikwaqala ukutsala abaqhubi bezothutho ngaphandle kwendlela yaseTshayina. Ngenxa yokwahlukahluka kwezopolitiko kunye neendlela ezikufutshane eziqhuba iinkampani zaseNtshona ukuba ziphinde zihlole iindlela zazo zokubonelela, indibaniselwano yeSerbia yeendleko zokukhuphisana, ukuphucula iziseko zophuhliso kunye nokufikelela kwiimarike ze-EU kunye nezingezizo ze-EU Balkan yenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane ngakumbi kwizicwangciso zamaziko okusasaza aseYurophu.
isiphelo
Akuyongozi ukuba iSerbia ibe yenye yezona ndawo zinkulu zothutho eYurophu. Oku kungenxa yotyalo-mali olujolise kwiminyaka eli-10 kwiziseko zophuhliso, umgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo kunye nendawo enobuchule kwindlela entsha yorhwebo ebaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi. I-Belt and Road Initiative ibonelele ngenkxaso-mali; ijografi yaseSerbia kunye nobuchule bezopolitiko zenze okuseleyo.
Umyalezo oya kumashishini athwala iimpahla ezivela eTshayina ukuya eYurophu ucacile: ISerbia ayiseyiyo imakethi yelizwe kwimephu yezothutho. Yindawo yokwenyani eneziseko zophuhliso zokwenyani, isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo kunye neenzuzo zexabiso zokwenyani kuneentshaba zayo zaseNtshona Yurophu. Umbuzo awungowokuba iSerbia ikwi-radar yakho yezothutho, kodwa ngumbuzo wokuba ungaqhubeka nini na namandla ayo.
Amaqabane afana neTopway Shipping anezakhono zawo ezinkulu zokuhambisa izinto ezivela eTshayina kunye nemodeli epheleleyo yenkonzo yetyathanga ukusuka kuthutho lokuqala ukuya kuthutho olufutshane sele ekwindawo efanelekileyo yokunceda amashishini ukuba athethe ngale ndlela ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembana. Kwihlabathi apho ubuchule bokuhambisa izinto buchaphazela iziphumo zokhuphiswano ngakumbi, inzuzo yaseSerbia yeyona ibalulekileyo namhlanje.
FAQs
Q: Isivumelwano soRhwebo oluKhululekileyo phakathi kweTshayina neSerbia siqale nini ukusebenza?
A: ISerbia ibe luqoqosho lokuqala lwaseBalkan kwaye yeyesibini eYurophu emva kweIceland ukusayina isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo neTshayina, esaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 1, 2024.
Q: Ingaba uloliwe waseBelgrade-Budapest ugqityiwe ngokupheleleyo?
A: Icandelo laseSerbia lagqitywa ngo-2024 kwaye liyasebenza, nto leyo ethoba ixesha lohambo ukusuka eBelgrade ukuya eSubotica ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu engama-70. Ulwahlulo lwaseHungary lusephantsi kophuhliso kwaye wonke umgca ucwangciselwe ukuvulwa ekuqaleni kuka-2026.
Q: Yintoni iChina-Europe Land-Sea Express Line kwaye ingena njani iSerbia kuyo?
A: Yindlela eneemoto ezininzi ethwala impahla evela eTshayina efika ngezibuko ePiraeus, eGrisi, ize iqhubeke emhlabeni ngololiwe okanye ngendlela edlula eMntla Macedonia naseSerbia ukuya eMbindi Yurophu. Le ndlela ikhawuleza ngeentsuku ezisi-7-10 kuneendlela ezihamba ulwandle kwaye iSerbia yindawo ephambili yokuthutha nokusasaza.
Q: I-Topway Shipping inokunceda njani amashishini ukuba asebenzise indlela yaseSerbia?
A: I-Topway Shipping inikezela ngeenkonzo ezipheleleyo ezivela kwimithombo yaseTshayina, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle kwi-FCL/LCL ukuya ePiraeus, ukususwa kwempahla kwimida yomibini kunye nokuthutha ukuya kwiindawo zaseSerbia okanye eCentral Europe. Le ngcamango ye-full-chain ivumela iinkampani ukuba zibe neqabane elinye ukususela ngexesha iimpahla ziphuma kwisityalo ukuya kuthi ga ngexesha ezifika ngalo kwindawo yokugqibela.
Q: Ingaba iSerbia lilungu le-EU, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuthini ngemirhumo?
A: ISerbia ngumgqatswa wokujoyina i-EU, ayilolungu. Iinkqubo zerhafu ziyaphucuka kodwa azikahambelani ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo ye-EU. Abathengisi berhafu abanamava kufuneka bagcinwe ngabathumeli abaqhelekileyo ngeSerbia kwaye babeke isabelomali salo naluphi na ulibaziseko lokulinda kolawulo.
