Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo Zokuthunyelwa Ukusuka eTshayina Ukuya eFransi: I-THC, Iindleko Zokuya Kuyo kunye Neentlawulo Zemayile Yokugqibela Zichongiwe
intshayelelo
Ufumene ixabiso elihle kakhulu lokuthuthwa kwempahla elwandle. Ujonge ubungakanani bemithwalo, wabhukisha ikhonteyina waza waneliseka yindleko yokufika. Emva koko i-invoyisi yafika - kwaye ayizange ibe njengoko ubulindele.
Le yinto eyenzekayo imihla ngemihla kubarhwebi abanqumla imida kunye nabangenisi abathumela izinto ezinzima okanye ezinkulu ezivela eTshayina ukuya eFransi. Impahla yomgca weempahla zaselwandle sisiqalo. Ngaphantsi kwayo kukho intlawulo yokuphatha izinto ezisisigxina, iifizi zezibuko eziya apho, iindleko zokuhlawula irhafu, iimbopheleleko ze-VAT, iintlawulo zepetroli ezongezelelweyo kunye neentlawulo zokuhambisa iimpahla ezinkulu eFransi ezintsonkothileyo. Kwiinkampani ezithumela iisofa, ii-treadmill, iifriji, izixhobo zoshishino okanye nantoni na ewela kudidi "lwempahla enkulu kakhulu," ezi ntlawulo zongezelelweyo zingongeza ngokulula i-30 - 50% kwixabiso lempahla esisiseko.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlalutya zonke iindleko onokudibana nazo xa uthumela impahla usuka eTshayina usiya eFransi ngo-2025 nangaphaya, sigxile kakhulu kwimithwalo emikhulu nenzima — ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi-超大件 kushishino lwezothutho oluwela imida yaseTshayina, oko kuthetha ukuba izinto ezinobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezi-8 zemetric ngesiqwenga ngasinye esinobude obude obufikelela kwiimitha ezi-8. Siza kuxoxa ngokuba yintoni intlawulo nganye, kutheni ikhona, ukuba ibalwa njani kunye nento onokuyenza ukuyilawula.
Ukuqonda iiNtlawulo zoLawulo lweeTheminali (THC)
Iintlawulo zoLawulo lweeVenkile, okanye iTHC ngamafutshane, ziintlawulo ezihlawuliswa zizikhululo zezibuko ngokuphathwa kweekhonteyina ngokoqobo ukususela ngexesha ezingena ngalo kwisiphelo sendlela de zihambe. Oku kuquka imisebenzi yekreyini yokulayisha nokukhupha iinqanawa, ukubeka kwakhona izikhonteyina ngaphakathi kweyadi, ukucubungula ulawulo, kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elifutshane kwiindawo ezithile zokubeka izinto. Kwaye iTHC yingqokelela yeenkonzo ezigcina yonke inkqubo yezibuko iqhuba kakuhle, nokuba lixabiso elinye kwi-invoyisi yakho.
Ukuba uthumela impahla usuka eTshayina usiya eFransi, uza kudibana ne-THC kabini kwindlela: Kwizibuko lemvelaphi eTshayina nakwizibuko lendawo oya kuyo eFransi. Ezi zaziwa ngokuba yi-Origin THC (OTHC) kunye ne-Destination THC (DTHC) ngokufanayo. Ukuba impahla idlula kwizibuko lehabhu (umz. eSingapore, eRotterdam) endleleni, ungadibana ne-transshipment THC. Ngokwesiqhelo oku kufunxwa yi-ocean carrier kwaye akudluliswa ngqo kumthumeli.
Imvelaphi ye-THC eTshayina
I-OTHC ihlawuliswa kwizibuko laseTshayina olayisha kulo impahla yakho. Iindawo ezinkulu zokuthumela ngaphandle ezifana neShenzhen, Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou kunye neQingdao nganye inezinga layo lokuphatha izikhululo, ezinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumqhubi wezikhululo, uhlobo lwesikhongozeli kunye nohlu lwemithwalo. Ukusukela ngo-2025, amaxabiso aqhelekileyo e-OTHC kwiindawo ezinkulu zaseTshayina amalunga ne-USD 80 ukuya kwi-USD 140 kwisikhongozeli esingama-20ft kunye ne-USD 140 ukuya kwi-USD 230 kwisikhongozeli esingama-40ft okanye ama-40ft esinamaqhekeza aphezulu. Ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo kwizikhululo zemithwalo, izikhongozeli ezisicaba okanye izikhongozeli ezivulekileyo kuya kubiza iprimiyamu ngaphezu kwala manani asisiseko.
Indawo oya kuyo i-THC eFrench Ports
I-DTHC ihlawuliswa umthwalo wakho xa ufika kwizibuko laseFransi – ngesiqhelo iLe Havre, ejongene noninzi lwezithuthi zeekhonteyina ezivela eAsia, okanye iMarseille-Fos yokuhambisa umzila weMeditera. ILe Havre, izibuko leekhonteyina elikhulu eFransi, ijongene neeTEU ezimalunga nezigidi ezi-2.5 ngonyaka, kwaye lisango eliphambili lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yiTshayina neFransi. Indawo ekuyiwa kuyo i-THC ibanzi kwiizibuko zaseFransi kunakwizibuko zaseTshayina, nto leyo ebonisa iindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi wezibuko zaseYurophu kunye neziseko zophuhliso.
Ngokwembali, i-DTHC eLe Havre kwiikhonteyina eziqhelekileyo ibiphakathi kwe-EUR 200 kunye ne-EUR 350 nge-TEU nganye njengereyithingi eqhelekileyo, kunye neekhonteyina ezineekhilogram ezingama-40 phezulu. Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ziyasebenza kwimeko yomthwalo onzima kakhulu okanye ongaphaya komlinganiselo ofuna ukuphathwa ngokukodwa kwesiphelo, ukongeza kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-DTHC.
| Uhlobo lwentlawulo | Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo (2025) | Ngubani Ohlawulayo | Xa Ihlawuliswa |
| Imvelaphi ye-THC (20ft) | I-USD 80-140 | Umthumeli | Kwizibuko lokulayisha eTshayina |
| Imvelaphi ye-THC (40ft/HC) | I-USD 140-230 | Umthumeli | Kwizibuko lokulayisha eTshayina |
| Indawo yokufikela THC (Le Havre, 20ft) | EUR 150–250 | Umnxibelelanisi | Ekufikeni eFransi |
| Indawo oya kuyo i-THC (Le Havre, 40ft/HC) | EUR 220–350 | Umnxibelelanisi | Ekufikeni eFransi |
| Intlawulo engaphezulu enkulu/ye-OOG | I-USD/EUR 100–400+ | Umthumeli/Umthumeli | Imvelaphi kunye/okanye indawo ekuyiwa kuyo |
Iindleko Zokuya Kwindawo Engaphaya Kwe-THC
Abathumeli abaninzi bempahla kwamanye amazwe benza impazamo yokucinga ukuba i-DTHC yeyona ntlawulo kuphela kwicala lendawo ekufuneka bayihlawulele. Enyanisweni, emva kokuba impahla ifike eLe Havre okanye eMarseille-Fos, kufuneka kubekho uthotho lweendleko ezongezelelweyo de impahla ifike kwilori eya kwidilesi yomthengi.
Amaxwebhu kunye neentlawulo zokukhululwa kwemithwalo
Umthwali wenqanawa kufuneka akhuphe iodolo yokuhambisa ukuze uhambise impahla yakho. Le ineentlawulo zayo. Iindleko zamaxwebhu, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziintlawulo ze-D/O (delivery order) okanye iintlawulo zokukhulula i-telex, ziphakathi kwe-EUR 50 kunye ne-EUR 150 ngebhili yempahla nganye. Ezi zinokudityaniswa zibe yinto enkulu "yokuphatha indawo" ngabathumeli bempahla, kodwa kusoloko kufanelekile ukucela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha.
UCwangciso lweCustoms kunye neBrokerage
Ukuba awunalo igunya lokwenza oku ngokwakho, uya kufuna umthengisi werhafu ofanelekileyo ukuba afumane naziphi na iimveliso ezivela eTshayina ngerhafu zaseFransi. Iintlawulo zokuthengisa impahla eFransi zihlala ziphakathi kwe-EUR 100 ukuya kwi-EUR 300 kwiimpahla eziqhelekileyo, nangona iimpahla ezinkulu okanye ezinzima zinokubiza iintlawulo eziphezulu kuba kuya kufuneka umsebenzi wokubhala amaphepha amaninzi kunye nohlelo. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba, ukususela ngoJanuwari 2022, amashishini angengawo awe-EU azisa iimpahla eFransi kufuneka afumane inombolo ye-VAT yaseFransi aze amisele iarhente yezemali - olu tshintsho lomthetho longeza umthwalo wolawulo owongezelelweyo kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abathumela i-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid).
Iirhafu zokungenisa impahla kunye ne-VAT yaseFransi
EFransi, i-EU Common External Tariff isebenza kwiimpahla ezingeniswayo ezivela eTshayina, ngoko ke amaxabiso erhafu asekelwe kwikhowudi ye-HS yemveliso yakho. Iindidi zempahla ezinkulu kakhulu ezivela eTshayina, ezifana nefenitshala, izixhobo zokomelela kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya, zihlala zihlawuliswa amaxabiso erhafu phakathi kwe-0% kunye ne-6.5% yexabiso le-CIF (ixabiso, i-inshurensi kunye nempahla). Kodwa iFransi ikwasebenzisa i-VAT yayo eqhelekileyo ye-20% phantse kuzo zonke iimveliso ezingeniswayo ngokusekelwe kwixabiso le-CIF kunye nayo nayiphi na irhafu yerhafu ehlawulwayo.
Nantsi umzekelo wokwenyani: ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuxabisa i-EUR 10,000, impahla kunye ne-inshurensi yi-EUR 1,500 (ngoko ke i-cif yakho yi-EUR 11,500), kwaye umsebenzi wakho yi-5%. Umsebenzi wakho uya kuba yi-EUR 575. I-VAT iya kubalwa kwi-EUR 12,075 (CIF + Duty) enika i-£2,415 VAT. Umthwalo wakho werhafu iyonke yi-EUR 2,990 - inani elifanele ukongeza kwimodeli yakho yamaxabiso.
Umba omnye obalulekileyo wezomthetho ekufuneka uqwalaselwe: IFransi iza kubeka intlawulo yerhafu ye-EUR 2 kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngexabiso eliphantsi (phantsi kwe-EUR 150) ezithunyelwa ngqo kubathengi baseFransi abavela kumazwe angengawo awe-EU, ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2026. I-EU ikwajonge kutshintsho olukhulu lwerhafu, kunye nentlawulo yerhafu ye-EUR 3 kwiimpahla ezingeniswa ngexabiso eliphantsi ezamkelweyo kwinqanaba le-EU ukusukela ngoJulayi 2025. Oku ikakhulu malunga norhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluncinci endaweni yokuthutha impahla enkulu, kodwa kuthetha ukuqiniswa okubanzi kwendalo yolawulo ekufuneka abathumeli bajonge ngokusondeleyo.
Iintlawulo zepetroli kunye ne-BAF
I-Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF): Iprimiyamu ehlawuliswa ziinqwelwana zaselwandle ukugubungela amaxabiso epetroli atshintshatshintshayo. I-BAF ingafikelela kwi-20-30% yentlawulo yokuthutha ulwandle olusisiseko kwiindlela zorhwebo zase-Asia-Europe. Iyatshintsha ngomjikelo wohlaziyo lwekota okanye lwenyanga lomkhweli ngamnye. I-BAF idla ngokuba lixabiso lekhonteyina nganye yeempahla ezinkulu ezithuthwa ngolwandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi kwaye yinto ebalulekileyo etshintshatshintsha kakhulu ngokweemeko zemarike kunye nomkhweli omqeshileyo.
| Udidi lwentlawulo | Iindleko eziqikelelweyo (EUR) | amaNqaku |
| Indawo oya kuyo i-THC (40ft HC) | 220-350 | Itshajwa yiterminal eLe Havre/Marseille |
| Umrhumo wamaxwebhu/wokwenza | 50-150 | Ngokwebhili yokulayishwa |
| I-Customs brokerage | 100-300 | Iphezulu kakhulu kwimithwalo emikhulu/enzima |
| Irhafu yokungenisa impahla (umndilili we-3–5% CIF) | 300-700 | Iyahluka ngekhowudi ye-HS |
| I-VAT yaseFransi (20% kwi-CIF+duty) | 2,000-4,000 + | Ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lokuthumela |
| Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo ye-BAF | 200-500 | Ngesikhongozeli ngasinye, kuxhomekeke kwimarike |
| Umrhumo wovavanyo lwerhafu (ukuba uyasebenza) | 150-400 | Ayisoloko isebenza |
Umngeni weMile yokugqibela kwimithwalo emikhulu eFransi
Enye indawo apho ukungabi namava kwabathumeli kubonakaliswa rhoqo kwiindleko zabo yimayile yokugqibela yokuhanjiswa kwemithwalo emikhulu eFransi. Ukuthunyelwa kwesitulo sokuhlikihla esine-200kg okanye i-treadmill ene-400kg ukusuka kwisikhululo sezibuko okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaphesheya ukuya ekhayeni lomthengi yindlela eyahlukileyo kakhulu yokuhanjiswa kweepasela zesiqhelo - kwaye amaxabiso abonakalisa ubunzima.
Yintoni Efaneleka Njengomthwalo Ogqithisileyo?
Kwimeko yothutho oluwela imida yaseTshayina, imithwalo ngokubanzi yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amane: iipasela ezincinci (ngaphantsi kwe-2 kg), iipasela eziqhelekileyo (ngaphantsi kwe-30 kg kunye nobubanzi obungaphantsi kweemitha ezi-3), izinto ezinkulu (ngaphantsi kwe-150 kg kunye necala elide elingaphantsi kweemitha ezi-4) kunye neempahla ezinkulu kakhulu - izinto ezinobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezi-8 zemetric kunye necala elinye elifikelela kwiimitha ezi-8 kunye nomda wokuphakama weemitha ezi-2.57. Udidi lokugqibela luqulathe zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zorhwebo ze-e ezifana neesofa, oomatrasi, iitafile zokutyela, iifriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba, oomatshini bokuhlamba izitya, iibhayisekile zombane, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino ezifana nezibane zasezitratweni, abenzi be-ayisikhrim yorhwebo njl.njl.
EFransi, iimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu zifuna izithuthi ezikhethekileyo zokuhanjiswa kwempahla kufutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo iilori ezisicaba okanye izithuthi ezinezixhobo zokuphakamisa impahla ngasemva. Ngamanye amaxesha uya kufuna uncedo lweekhreyini okanye iinkonzo ezithile zokufakela ezinokuba negalelo kwixabiso eliphezulu lokuhanjiswa kwempahla.
Ukuhanjiswa ngokusekwe kwi-Appointment kunye neNkonzo ye-White-Glove
Abathengi bokugqibela eFransi abathenga izinto ezinkulu ngamaqonga afana neAmazon.fr okanye iiwebhusayithi ezizimeleyo zorhwebo lwe-e-commerce baya befuna ukuhanjiswa okusekelwe kwi-aphoyintimenti ngexesha elithile kwaye, kwizinto ezinzima, indawo yokukhetha kunye nokususwa kwepakeji. Elo nqanaba lenkonzo "yeglavu emhlophe" liza ngexabiso eliphakamileyo kunelokuhanjiswa ecaleni kwendlela. EFransi, umzekelo, ixabiso lokuhanjiswa kweglavu emhlophe kwinto enye enkulu efana nesofa okanye umatshini wokuzilolonga linokuqala kwi-EUR 80 ukuya kwi-EUR 200 nangaphezulu kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokuhanjiswa, inqanaba lomgangatho kunye nokuba indibano ifakiwe na.
Ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eParis nakwezinye izixeko ezixineneyo kuhlawuliswa ezinye iindleko ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yemida yezithuthi, iindawo ezikhupha umoya ongcolileyo (iZones à Faibles Emissions, okanye i-ZFE) kunye nobunzima bokuqhuba iilori ezinkulu ezitalatweni zesixeko. Iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezisekelwe kumgama zinokusebenza nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kulo lonke elaseFransi, ezingaqhelekanga ngokucacileyo kwiingcaphuno zempahla zokuqala.
Ukuhanjiswa kweB2B vs. B2C Last-Mile
Amaxabiso eemayile zokugqibela axhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lomntu othumela impahla. Kwizinto ezithunyelwayo ze-B2B – kwindawo yokugcina impahla yomthengisi, ehotele okanye kwindawo yeshishini – inkqubo idla ngokuba lula kwaye ingabizi kakhulu ngeyunithi nganye njengoko iimveliso ezininzi zinokuziswa kwindawo enye kwaye umamkeli umiselwe ukufumana iimpahla. Ukuhanjiswa kwiindawo zokuhlala zabucala (B2C), ngakumbi ngeempahla ezinkulu okanye ezinkulu, kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenzeni – kwaye kuxabisa ngokufanelekileyo. Kubathengisi be-e-commerce beAmazon okanye abazimeleyo abathengisa nge-intanethi, kubalulekile ukuqonda isakhiwo seendleko ze-B2C zokugqibela eFransi zokubeka amaxabiso kunye nolawulo lwemali.
Iindlela zoThutho kunye neeProfayili zazo zeendleko
Ukukhetha itshaneli yokuthutha engcono kakhulu yokuthunyelwa kwakho ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi ngumbandela wokulinganisela phakathi kwesantya, iindleko, ukuthembeka kunye nohlobo lomthwalo owuthuthayo. Ukuba uyayazi iprofayili yeendleko zetshaneli nganye, ukulungele ukwenza ukhetho olunolwazi.
| ijelo | Ixesha lokuhamba | Ixabiso leNqanaba | Eyona ilungiselelwe | Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo eziqhelekileyo |
| Uthutho lwaseLwandle (Ulwandle) | Iintsuku eziyi-45-50 | Phantsi | Umthamo ophezulu, iimpahla ezinzima/ezinkulu | I-BAF, i-DTHC, uxwebhu |
| Uloyiko lomoya | Iintsuku eziyi-12-15 | Phezulu | Ixabiso eliphezulu, iimpahla ezithatha ixesha | Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yepetroli, umrhumo wokhuseleko |
| Uloliwe ophakathi kweTshayina neYurophu | Iintsuku eziyi-30-45 | phakathi | I-LCL enexabiso eliphakathi, enobuzwelo bexesha | Ukuphathwa koololiwe, irhafu |
| Indlela (Iilori) | Iintsuku eziyi-30-45 | phakathi | Iimveliso zombane eziyingozi | Ipetroli, iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zomqhubi |
| Indawo yokugcina impahla yaphesheya + Ikhilomitha yokugqibela | Kuya | thambile | Urhwebo lwe-elektroniki, ukuthunyelwa okuphindaphindiweyo | Indawo yokugcina, ukuthabatha kunye nokupakisha |
Ubungakanani kunye nemida yobunzima ithintela uthutho lweenqwelo-moya noololiwe, ngoko ke ulwandle luhlala luyindlela ephambili yeempahla ezinkulu kakhulu. Into enye enobunzima beetoni ezi-5 ayinakubhabha emoyeni ngexabiso elizinzileyo. Kwiindidi ezininzi zeempahla - ifenitshala, izixhobo, izixhobo zokomelela, oomatshini - uthutho lwaselwandle oluxhaswa kukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo kweekhilomitha zokugqibela eFransi yinto eqhelekileyo.
Umthwalo kaloliwe Kwiinqwelo-mafutha ezikhawulezayo zaseTshayina-Yurophu zibonelela ngesisombululo esiphakathi seempahla ezithatha ixesha ezingenkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifune ukuphathwa ngokupheleleyo kweekhonteyina. Zisebenza ngeshedyuli yeveki emiselweyo ukusuka kwizixeko ezinkulu zaseTshayina kuquka iChengdu, iZhengzhou, iYiwu kunye neChongqing ukuya kwiindawo eziseYurophu, kunye namaxesha okuhamba amalunga neentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-45. Uthungelwano lwesitimela saseTshayina-Yurophu lukhule kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, lubonelela ngomkhuphisani wokuthutha ulwandle xa kukho ukuxinana kweechweba okanye iintlawulo eziphezulu ze-BAF.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP: Isisombululo Esipheleleyo kunye neeNtengiso Zaso
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngeDelivered Duty Payed (DDP) kuyanda phakathi kwabathengisi be-e-commerce abanqumla imida abafuna ukunika abathengi babo amaxabiso acacileyo, okufika ngaphandle kweendleko ezingalindelekanga xa bethunyelwa. Phantsi kwemigaqo ye-DDP, umthengisi wempahla okanye umboneleli wezothutho uphatha zonke iinkalo, kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kokuqala okuvela eTshayina, ukususwa kwempahla xa ifika eFransi, intlawulo yemirhumo yokungenisa impahla kunye ne-VAT, kunye nokuhanjiswa kokugqibela kwidilesi echaziweyo. Umthengi ufumana izinto ngaphandle kokujongana nempahla yaseFransi okanye amaphepha entlawulo yabathwali.
I-DDP ingcono ngokwembono yamava abathengi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ihlolwe ngononophelo ngokwembono yeendleko nokucaca. Abanye abathengisi be-DDP bacaphula amaxabiso anomtsalane kakhulu kodwa baquka imida emikhulu kwirhafu yempahla kunye necandelo le-VAT okanye basebenzise iindleko zokuphatha ezingacacanga kwinqanaba le-warehouse yaphesheya. Ngaphambi kokuba ubhalisele ilungiselelo le-DDP lokuthunyelwa kwakho eFransi, kuyavakala ukucela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweendleko eziquka ukuthunyelwa kolwandle, iindleko zokuqala, i-THC yendawo oya kuyo, ukuthengiswa kwempahla, irhafu, i-VAT kunye nokuhanjiswa kweekhilomitha zokugqibela - nokuba ekugqibeleni zipakishwe kwisixa esinye seendleko.
Izivumelwano ze-DDP zeempahla ezinkulu kakhulu, ngakumbi, kufuneka zichaze ngokucacileyo ukuba inkonzo yokugqibela ibandakanya ntoni: ecaleni kwendlela kuphela, igumbi lokukhetha, kunye nokususwa kwephakheji okanye ngaphandle kwayo, kunye okanye ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa. Umahluko onjalo unokuba phakathi kwe-EUR 50-150 ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye okungayi kuboniswa kwixabiso le-DDP eliphambili.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Eziphezulu Esondela Ngayo Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Okukhulu Okusuka ETshayina Kuya EFransi
Isekwe eShenzhen, iTopway Shipping ibingumnikezeli weengcali wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukususela ngo-2010, igxile kwimpahla enkulu nenkulu kakhulu eYurophu naseMntla Melika. Iqela labasunguli bale nkampani linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, kunye nobuchule obukhulu ekulawuleni yonke into kwiindidi ezinkulu kuquka ifenitshala, izixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo zokomelela, izithuthi zombane, oomatshini borhwebo kunye nokunye.
Uyilo lweenkonzo zeTopway lugubungela lonke uthotho lwezinto ezifunekayo. Kwicala lokuqala, oku kuthetha ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngumnyango ukuya kwindlu ngendlu kubavelisi kunye nababoneleli kulo lonke elaseTshayina, ukuhlanganiswa kwindawo yokugcina impahla yabo eShenzhen, kunye nokupakisha imithwalo okunobuchule kubandakanya ukhetho lweebhokisi zomthi ezilungele ngokukodwa izinto ezinkulu ezibuthathaka okanye ezixabiso liphezulu. Le nkampani ibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha imithwalo yolwandle eziguquguqukayo ze-FCL (umthwalo wesikhongozeli esipheleleyo) kunye ne-LCL (umthwalo ongaphantsi kwesikhongozeli) ukusuka kumazibuko amakhulu okuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina ukuya kwiindawo eziphambili zaseYurophu, kunye nenani leenqanawa ezihamba ngeveki ukuya eLe Havre naseMarseille.
Kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, inkonzo ye-DDP yeTopway eya eFransi ibandakanya ukususwa kwempahla ngabathengisi abaziingcali basekhaya abaqhelene neenkqubo zempahla zaseFransi kunye nobunzima bomthetho okhulayo wokungenisa impahla kwi-EU. Bathutha kumazwe angama-25 angamalungu e-EU ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yabo yokuhambisa impahla yaseYurophu, iFrance yenye yeemarike zabo ezisebenzayo. Iqonga lenkampani elilandelelanayo libonelela ngokubonakala ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni ukususela ngexesha impahla ishiya indawo yomthengisi eTshayina ukuya kutyikityo lokuqinisekiswa kokuhanjiswa kwayo kwidilesi yomntu oza kwamkela impahla waseFransi.
Umthamo weTopway kwindawo yokugcina impahla engaselunxwemeni eYurophu ubonelela ngomgangatho owongezelelweyo wokuphucula iindleko kubathengisi be-e-commerce kwiAmazon.fr okanye kwiCdiscount okanye kumashishini azimeleyo aseShopify. Ukubeka iimpahla kwangaphambili kwiziko lokuzalisekisa laseYurophu kunye nokuphatha ukuhanjiswa kweB2C ukusuka kweli nqanaba kunokubangela ukonga okukhulu kwiindleko ze-last-mile ngeyunithi nganye kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kubathengi bokugqibela kubathengisi. Le nkampani ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokulungiselela i-FBA kubathengisi abasebenzisa inethiwekhi yokuzalisekisa yeAmazon eFransi naseJamani.
Ubuchule beTopway bokuthwala imithwalo emikhulu buyinto ebalulekileyo, kuquka iimpahla ezifikelela kwiitoni ezisi-8 ngesiqwenga ngasinye kunye neemitha ezisi-8 kwicala elinye — ubukhulu obungafunwa okanye obungenakukwazi ukubulawula ngababoneleli abaninzi bezothutho bemveli. Iilori ezizinikeleyo, ukufikelela kwizixhobo zekreyini kunye nonxibelelwano oluqinileyo nababoneleli baseYurophu abanamava kwimithwalo emikhulu kakhulu kuxhasa oku. Ngokuphathelele ixesha labo lokuhamba ngemithwalo yolwandle i-DDP ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi, ngokwezibalo zabo zangaphakathi, bakwazile ukufikelela kwizinga lokusayina le-91% kwiintsuku ezingama-45-55.
Amaqhinga Asebenzayo Okulawula Ixabiso Lakho Lilonke Lokufika
Xa abathumeli bempahla kunye nabathengisi abanqumla imida besazi kakuhle iindleko abajongene nazo, banokuthatha amanyathelo abonakalayo okunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha izinto ezinkulu ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi.
Okokuqala, isivumelwano seempahla. Xoxani ngamaxabiso abandakanyayo apho iindleko ze-OTHC, DTHC kunye ne-BAF zibandakanyiwe kwixabiso lokuthutha ulwandle kwaye zingongezwa njengezinto ezongezelelweyo ezingafakwanga. Intlawulo yokuthutha ephezulu kancinci enezibandakanyiso ezicacileyo idla ngokuba nexabiso eliphantsi kunexabiso eliphantsi eligcwele izongezo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwimarike apho iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ze-BAF zodwa zinokutshintsha ngamakhulu eedola kwisikhongozeli ngasinye kwikota enye.
Enye ingxaki enemiphumo emikhulu yezemali kukuhlelwa ngokufanelekileyo kweekhowudi ze-HS. Abathumeli abaninzi basebenzisa iikhowudi ezibanzi okanye eziqikelelweyo ukuvakalisa iimpahla zabo, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba bahlawule iindleko zokungenisa ezingaphezulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko okanye, okubi nangakumbi, ukulibaziseka kunye nemibuzo yerhafu. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza nomthengisi werhafu oqeqeshiweyo eFransi oza kuqinisekisa inombolo echanekileyo ye-TARIC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, kuya kukongela imali nexesha. Isiseko sedatha se-EU TARIC sikarhulumente kwaye kufuneka sihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba ugqibezele ukubala kwakho iindleko zokufika.
Kwabathumeli ngobuninzi obukhulu, ukuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina ezinee-SKU ezininzi kunciphisa iindleko ze-THC kunye namaxwebhu ngeyunithi nganye. Ukuba unomthamo ophezulu ngokwaneleyo wenyanga, ukusuka kwi-LCL ukuya kwi-FCL ukuthunyelwa kuya kususa iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zokuphatha ngeyunithi nganye ezisetyenziswa kwinqanaba lesikhululo seempahla zekhonteyina (CFS), apho kwimithwalo ye-LCL inokuba yi-USD 30-80 nge-cubic meter nganye.
Okokugqibela kodwa okungabalulekanga, kufuneka ucinge ngeendleko zomshuwalense owaneleyo kwimpahla yakho enkulu, nto leyo ngamanye amaxesha engabikho kwizibalo zeendleko zomhlaba. i-inshurensi yempahla kwiimveliso ezinkulu zihlala zibiza phakathi kwe-0.3 ukuya kwi-0.8% yexabiso lempahla echaziweyo. Igubungela ilahleko kunye nomonakalo ohambayo — nto leyo eyingozi enkulu kwizinto ezinkulu ezifuna ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo endleleni.
isiphelo
Ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezinkulu ezivela eTshayina ukuya eFransi kungaphezulu kakhulu kunexabiso lokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle olifumeneyo kumbuzo wakho wokuqala. Iindleko zokuphatha izikhululo zeenqwelo-mafutha, iirhafu zerhafu zaseFransi, uxanduva lwe-VAT lwama-20%, iintlawulo zepetroli, iintlawulo zamaxwebhu kunye neendleko zokuhanjiswa kweempahla ezinkulu kakhulu zonke zifikelela kwixabiso lilonke elinokuba phezulu kakhulu kunexabiso lokuqala ukuba alilindelwanga ngokufanelekileyo, kwindawo yokuqala nakwindawo oya kuyo.
Imfihlo yokulawula ezi ndleko kukucaca – ukucela uhlalutyo lweendleko olucwangcisiweyo kumboneleli wakho wezothutho, ukuqonda isakhelo solawulo eFransi, kunye nokusebenza nengcali yeempahla efana nathi enolwazi lokwenyani lokuphatha imithwalo emikhulu kulo lonke uthotho lwezothutho. Njengoko ishishini le-e-commerce laseTshayina eliwela imida likhula, kwaye ukhuphiswano kwimarike yaseYurophu lukhula, ukukwazi ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokwenza ngcono iindleko zakho ezifike emhlabeni kuya kuba ngumahluko okhuphisanayo, kungekuphela nje iinkcukacha zokusebenza.
Kwiinkampani ezizimiseleyo malunga nomzila osuka eTshayina uye eFransi, ukusebenzisana neengcali zeempahla ezinkulu ezinamava ezifana neTopway Shipping - eneziseko zayo ezizinikeleyo zezinto ezinkulu kakhulu, amaxabiso e-DDP acacileyo kunye nokukwazi ukulandelela ukuthunyelwa ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni - yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokufezekisa ukuqinisekiswa kweendleko kunye nokusebenza kokuhanjiswa kolu didi lwezothutho olunzima.
FAQs
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Origin THC kunye ne-Destination THC?
A: Imvelaphi ye-THC (OTHC) ihlawuliswa kwizibuko lokulayisha laseTshayina kwaye ibandakanya ukuphathwa ukusuka kwisango lezibuko ukuya kwelinye. Indawo ekuyiwa kuyo i-THC (DTHC) - Ihlawuliswa kwizibuko lokufika eFransi, ibandakanya ukuphathwa kweempahla ukusuka kwinqanawa ukuya kwisango lezibuko. Zombini ezi ziindleko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zombini zibonakala kwi-invoyisi yeempahla zakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-Incoterms ekuvunyelwene ngayo kwisivumelwano sokuthumela, zombini ekugqibeleni zihlawulwa ngumnini wempahla.
Q: Ibalwa njani i-VAT yaseFransi kwiimpahla ezingeniswayo ezivela eTshayina?
A: IFrance ihlawulisa i-20% ye-VAT kwixabiso le-CIF (ixabiso leempahla + i-inshurensi + iimveliso) kunye nayo nayiphi na irhafu yerhafu yempahla. Ukuba, umzekelo, unexabiso le-CIF le-EUR 11,500 kunye nomrhumo we-EUR 575, uya kuhlawula i-VAT kwi-EUR 12,075 eyi-EUR 2,415. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2022, abathumeli abangengabo abe-EU kuya kufuneka babhalisele i-VAT yaseFransi, okanye batyumbe ummeli wezemali, ukuze bangenise iimveliso eFransi.
Q: Yintoni ebalwa njengempahla enkulu kakhulu okanye enkulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla edlula imida yaseTshayina?
A: Iimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu zihlala zichazwa njengempahla enye enobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezisi-8, apho icala elinye linobude obufikelela kwiimitha ezisi-8, kwaye ukuphakama kwalo kungaphantsi kweemitha ezi-2.57. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo zizixhobo zokuzilolonga zorhwebo, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, iiseti ezinkulu zefenitshala, izithuthi zombane kunye nezixhobo ezininzi zokuhlala. Olu didi lufuna ukuphathwa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokuqala kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo.
Q: Ngaba ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP kusoloko kuyindlela engcono yokuthunyelwa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi?
A: I-DDP yenza ubomi bube lula kumthengi ngokwenza lula inkqubo yokungenisa impahla kunye nokususa izinto ezingalindelekanga xa kuhanjiswa impahla. Oko kulungile kumashishini e-e-commerce. Kodwa akusoloko kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ujonge ngononophelo ukuze ubone ukuba yintoni efakiweyo. Kuhlala kulungile ukucela uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwe-DDP ngaphambi kokuba uyithelekise ne-DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) okanye i-DAP (Delivered at Place).
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthumela imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi ngolwandle?
A: Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhamba ngenqanawa eqhelekileyo yokuthutha imithwalo esuka kumazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina ukuya eLe Havre okanye eMarseille limalunga neentsuku ezingama-45-50. Kubandakanywa ukususwa kwemithwalo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngemayile yokugqibela eFransi, uthutho oluvela emnyango ukuya emnyango luhlala luhluka phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-50 kunye nama-65 ngokusekwe kwindawo echanekileyo kunye neendawo ekuyiwa kuzo, ixesha lokucubungula imithwalo kunye neshedyuli yokuhanjiswa kwemithwalo yenqanawa ngemayile yokugqibela.
