Ukuqonda iiKhowudi zeHS kunye neeRhafu zokungenisa impahla eTshayina ePort of Portland
intshayelelo
Ukuba uzisa iimpahla eMelika zivela eTshayina ngePort of Portland, kufuneka wazi iikhowudi zeHarmonized System (HS) kunye nenkqubo yerhafu edibeneyo esebenza kwiimpahla zaseTshayina. Oku akusekho kukhetha; kuyimfuneko ukuba kube nenzuzo kwaye kube semthethweni. Ukususela ngo-2018, urhwebo phakathi kwe-US neTshayina lutshintshe kakhulu. Ngo-2025, izinto zaba mbi nangakumbi: amazinga erhafu anyuke afikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-145% ngaphambi kokuba abuye umva emva kokuba kwenziwe isivumelwano ngoNovemba 2025.
Kwangaxeshanye, iPort of Portland itshintshe kakhulu. Ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2026, iHarbor Industrial Services eseCalifornia ibilawula iTerminal 6, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiOregon Container Terminal (OCT). Urhulumente waseOregon ufake i-$20 yezigidi kule projekthi. Olu tshintsho lwenze imisebenzi yeekhonteyina yazinza kwakhona, eyayisele iza kuvalwa ngonaphakade. Ikwanike abathumeli abaxhomekeke kweli sango lasePacific Northwest ithemba elitsha.
Esi sikhokelo siza kukufundisa yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neekhowudi ze-HS, indlela iirhafu ezisebenza ngayo, oko kwatshintsha ngo-2025, kunye nendlela yokukhusela iinzuzo zakho ngokusebenzisa indlela yokwahlulahlula ekrelekrele kunye nesicwangciso sokuthobela imithetho. Akunamsebenzi nokuba ungumthumeli-mhlaba onamava okanye ishishini elitsha elizisa iimpahla ezivela kubathengisi baseTshayina okokuqala.
Yintoni ikhowudi ye-HS kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?
I-World Customs Organisation (WCO) iqhuba iHarmonized System (HS), eyinkqubo yokwahlulahlula iimpahla ezithengiswa kwihlabathi liphela. Inika yonke imveliso, ukusuka kwiisoya ukuya kwiitransistors, ikhowudi yenombolo kwaye lulwimi lorhwebo lwehlabathi. Xa iimveliso zakho zifika kwiPort of Portland, i-US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) isebenzisa iHarmonized Tariff Schedule yase-United States (HTSUS), eyinguqulelo yase-US yale nkqubo, ukuze ifumanise ukuba unetyala elingakanani.
Kukho amanani alishumi kwiikhowudi ze-HTSUS. Oonobumba bokuqala abathandathu bayafana nekhowudi ye-HS yamazwe ngamazwe esetyenziswa yiTshayina nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi. La manani mane okugqibela ngawe-United States kuphela kwaye akuxelela izinga lomrhumo ochanekileyo, unyango lwe-quota, kunye nodidi lwengxelo yezibalo kwimveliso yakho. Lo mahluko ubaluleke ngakumbi kunokuba uninzi lwabangenisi becinga: umthengisi waseTshayina unokubonelela ngekhowudi ye-HS enamanani ama-6 kumaphepha abo okuthumela ngaphandle, kodwa xa ufaka ingeniso yakho kwi-customs yase-US, bafuna udidi olupheleleyo lwamanani ali-10.
Ukufumana ikhowudi ngokufanelekileyo akupheleli nje ekuzaliseni iifomu. Ikhowudi ye-HTSUS oyichazayo imisela ireyithingi yakho yerhafu yeMost Favored Nation (MFN), ikuxelela ukuba iirhafu zeCandelo 301 ziyasebenza na kwaye ngexabiso elingakanani, ukuba kukho naziphi na ii-oda zokulahla okanye zokuhlawula ezisebenza, kwaye ukuba imveliso yakho iphandwa ngezisombululo zorhwebo okanye imiqathango yokungenisa impahla. Ukuba uchaza into ngendlela engafanelekanga, nokuba ubungazimiselanga, ungafumana isohlwayo kwi-CBP esiphindwe kane kunerhafu ongazange uyihlawule. I-CBP ikwanalo negunya lokujonga imbali yakho yokungenisa impahla kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo.
Indlela eyakhiwa ngayo iKhowudi ye-HTSUS yeDijithi ezili-10
| Iigumbi | Oko Ikumelayo | Umzekelo (Ihempe yekotoni) |
| 1-2 | Isahluko (udidi olubanzi lwemveliso) | 61 (Iimpahla ezithungiweyo) |
| 3-4 | Isihloko (usapho lwemveliso) | 6109 (iiT-shirts, iisinglets) |
| 5-6 | Isihlokwana (izinto/uhlobo) | 610910 (Yekotoni) |
| 7-8 | Isihloko saseMelika (inkcazo engaphezulu) | 61091000 |
| 9-10 | Isimamva sezibalo (e-US kuphela) | 6109100020 |
I-Tariff Stack: Indlela Iindleko Ezibekwa Ngayo Kwimpahla YaseTshayina
Enye yeempazamo ezibiza kakhulu ezenziwa ngabathumeli bamazwe kucinga ukuba imveliso yabo inerhafu enye kuphela. Enyanisweni, iimpahla zaseTshayina ezingena eMelika, nokuba zidlula kwiPort of Portland, kufuneka zihlawule irhafu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Iirhafu eziphambili ziya kujongeka ngolu hlobo ekuqaleni kuka-2026, emva kwesivumelwano esidibeneyo saseKuala Lumpur phakathi kwe-US ne-China ngoNovemba ka-2025.
Umaleko 1: Izinga leSiseko se-MFN
Eli lixabiso eliqhelekileyo lerhafu yeempahla ezingena eMelika ezivela kumazwe anobudlelwane obuqhelekileyo borhwebo ne-US. Liyahluka kakhulu ngokwemveliso, ukusuka kwi-0% kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zoshishino ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-37% kwiintlobo ezithile zeempahla. I-HTSUS ibeka oku njengendawo yokuqala.
Umaleko 2: Iirhafu zeCandelo 301
Le misebenzi, eyaqala ngo-2018 phantsi kweCandelo 301 loMthetho woRhwebo ka-1974, yenzelwe ukunqanda imisebenzi engalunganga enxulumene nokudluliselwa kwetekhnoloji kunye nepropathi yobuchule. Isebenza kuphela kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina. Amaxabiso angama-7.5% okanye ama-25%, kuxhomekeke kwiimpahla. Uninzi lweendidi lunikwe ixesha lokwandiswa kude kube nguNovemba 2026 emva kwesivumelwano sikaTrump-Xi ngoNovemba 2025. Njengenxalenye yeso sivumelwano, ukukhutshwa kwemveliso ezili-178 kwavuselelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuze ubone ukuba kukho na ukukhutshwa okusebenzayo kudidi lwakho lwe-HTSUS.
Umaleko 3: I-IEEPA Fentanyl Tariff
Urhulumente kaTrump wabeka irhafu eyongezelelweyo kuzo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa eTshayina ngoFebruwari 2025. Bakwenze oku kuba iTshayina ayizange ibamise ababoneleli ngeefentanyl precursors. Njengenxalenye yeengxoxo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini, le rhafu yaqala kwi-10%, yanyuka yaya kwi-20% okwethutyana elifutshane, yaza yabuyela umva yaya kwi-10% ngoNovemba 10, 2025. Ifanele ihlale kwi-10% ubuncinane kude kube nguNovemba 2026, ngaphandle kokuba umongameli athathe inyathelo.
Umaleko 4: I-IEEPA Reciprocal Tariff
Njengenxalenye yephulo elikhulu loxinzelelo lorhwebo phakathi kwe-US ne-China, kwamiselwa irhafu eyahlukileyo yokubuyiselana. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu phakathi kowama-2025, irhafu edibeneyo esekwe kwi-IEEPA yenza izinga elisebenzayo kwiimpahla zaseTshayina lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu le-145%. Isivumelwano sikaNovemba 2025 sigcina irhafu yokubuyiselana ye-10% yesiseko se-IEEPA isendaweni, ngaphezu kwerhafu ye-MFN kunye neCandelo 301.
Umaleko 5: Imisebenzi Yokulwa Nokulahla Inkunkuma Nokuchasana Nezinto Ezisetyenzisiweyo (AD/CVD)
I-CBP ikwaqokelela imirhumo ye-AD/CVD kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso, ezifana neephaneli zelanga, intsimbi, izixhobo zefenitshala, amatayara, ukutya kwaselwandle, nokunye. Ezi zinokuba phezulu kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha zingaphezulu kwe-300% yexabiso elichaziweyo. Amaxabiso e-AD/CVD anokutshintshwa emva kokuba kwenzekile oko, oko kuthetha ukuba ungafumana ityala elongezelelweyo kwiinyanga emva kokuba iimveliso zakho zihlawule amasiko. Oku kwahlukile kwezinye iindleko ezihlawuliswa kwangaphambili. Umthengisi werhafu okanye umthengisi waseTshayina akanaxanduva ngokupheleleyo; umngenisi werekhodi unoxanduva.
Ixabiso eliQikelelweyo leRhafu iyonke kwiindidi zeemveliso eziqhelekileyo zaseTshayina (ekuqaleni kuka-2026)
| Udidi lweMveliso | Ireyithi ye-MFN | Icandelo 301 | I-IEEPA (Idityanisiwe ~20%) | Inani eliqikelelweyo |
| Electronics Consumer | 0% | 7.5% –25% | ~ 20% | 27.5%–45%+ |
| Isinxibo kunye nezihlangu | 12% –37% | 7.5% –15% | ~ 20% | 39.5%–72%+ |
| Furniture | 0% –9.5% | 25% | ~ 20% | 45% –54.5% |
| Oomatshini nezixhobo | 0% –3.9% | 7.5% –25% | ~ 20% | 27.5% –48.9% |
| Iimveliso zeNtsimbi | 0%–15% + Isiqingatha 232 (25%) | 25% | ~ 20% | 70%+ (ngaphandle kwe-AD/CVD) |
| Iimpahla zePlastiki | 3.4% –6.5% | 25% | ~ 20% | 48.4% –51.5% |
| Zokudlala & Imidlalo | 0% | 0% –7.5% | ~ 20% | 20% –27.5% |
Qaphela: Olu luhlu lwenzelwe nje ukukubonisa ukuba zeziphi. Amaxabiso okwenyani axhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-HTS enamanani ali-10, nayiphi na imiqathango esebenzayo, kunye nazo naziphi na ii-oda ze-AD/CVD. Soloko ujonga kumthengisi werhafu wase-US onelayisenisi.
Ukuphela kweDe Minimis: Utshintsho oluPhambili kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngexabiso elincinci
Amashishini angenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kunye namashishini e-e-commerce ayenenzuzo enkulu kude kube ngu-2025. Phantsi kwesiqendu se-de minimis (19 USC 1321), ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuxabisa i-$800 okanye ngaphantsi kunokungena e-US ngaphandle kokuhlawula irhafu. Olu khululo lwaluluncedo kakhulu kumashishini athumela iipakeji ezincinci ngqo kubathengi abavela eTshayina.
Elo xesha liphelile ngoku. Ukukhululwa kwe-de minimis kuzo zonke iimpahla ezivela eTshayina, eHong Kong, naseMacau kwaphela ngoMeyi 2, 2025. I-US yayimisa i-de minimis kuwo onke amazwe ngomhla wama-29 ku-Agasti 2025. Ngoku, yonke impahla evela eTshayina, nokuba ibiza malini, kufuneka idlule kwinkqubo yokungena ngokusesikweni kwaye ihlawule yonke irhafu. Olu lutshintsho lolwakhiwo olufuna amashishini axhomekeke kunyango lwe-de minimis ukuba acinge ngokutsha ngendlela abeka ngayo amaxabiso, afumane ababoneleli, kwaye aphathe ngayo izinto zokuhamba.
Abathumeli bempahla abathutha iimveliso ngePort of Portland ngoku kufuneka bahlawule amaxwebhu apheleleyo, iibhondi zerhafu, kunye nerhafu nakwiimpahla ezincinci zokudibanisa i-LCL ezazikwazi ukuphepha ezi nkqubo. Ixabiso lokuthobela yonke into engeniswayo liyafana nokuba ixabiso lokuthunyelwa lingakanani na, ngoko ke iimpahla ezincinci kakhulu zinokufuneka zihlawule ngaphezulu kwesabelo sazo esifanelekileyo. Iinkampani ezazithumela izinto ezincinci ezintlanu okanye ezilishumi ngeveki ngoku kufuneka zigqibe ukuba kuyavakala na ukuthumela zonke iipakeji zazo ngaxeshanye inyanga nenyanga.
Indlela Yokuhlela Iimveliso Zakho ngokuchanekileyo
Kukho ubugcisa nesayensi ekuhleleni iimveliso. Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwe-17,000 kwi-HTSUS. Kwiimveliso ezininzi, ingakumbi ezo zisebenzisa iintlobo ezingaphezu kwesinye zezinto okanye ezisebenzisa ngaphezulu kwesinye, ukufumana ikhowudi efanelekileyo enamanani ali-10 kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Inkqubo Yokulawula Ebophelelayo evela kwi-CBP inceda abathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bafumanise ukuba yeyiphi ikhowudi ye-HS ekufuneka imveliso yabo ibe nayo. Abathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe banokwenza isicelo esisemthethweni sesigqibo esibophelelayo ngokusemthethweni kwikhowudi ye-HS efanelekileyo yemveliso yabo.
Kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-30 kwaye akubizi mali ukufumana isigqibo esibophelelayo. Ungayisebenzisa ngezizathu zerhafu de i-CBP iyitshintshe okanye iyirhoxise. Le yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ulandela imithetho, ingakumbi kwizinto ezivela eTshayina apho ukungahlelwanga kakuhle kunokukhokelela kuxanduva lwerhafu yeCandelo 301 ngaphezulu kwentlawulo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokungenisa izinto ezininzi okanye iimveliso ezingacacanga ngokuhlelwa kwazo.
IMithetho Jikelele yokuTolika (ii-GRI) isixelela indlela yokwahlulahlula iimveliso ezingacacanga. Icandelo, isahluko, kunye namanqaku esihloko zezona zinto zokuqala ezisetyenziswa yi-GRI 1 ukugqiba ukwahlulahlula. I-GRI 3 ithetha ngeempahla ezidityanisiweyo. Ithi into ethile idlula uloyiso oluqhelekileyo nolubalulekileyo lweempawu ezixutyiweyo, kwaye ukuba konke okunye kuyasilela, kusebenza inombolo yekhowudi yerhafu ephezulu. Into ephambili ekufuneka ikhunjulwe ngabangenisi abaninzi kukuba ungaze uqikelele. Qesha umthengisi werhafu obhalisiweyo owaziyo okuninzi ngohlobo lweempahla zakho, bhala phantsi isizathu sokuba uzihlele ngendlela ozenze ngayo, kwaye uziphonononge ngalo lonke ixesha iinkcukacha zemveliso yakho zitshintsha.
Amaxwebhu abalulekileyo okungenisa impahla eTshayina ePort of Portland
Ukongeza ekubeni nekhowudi yakho ye-HTSUS kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo lerhafu, kufuneka ube neseti epheleleyo nehambelanayo yamaxwebhu okungenisa ukuze ukwazi ukudlula kwiirhafu kwiPort of Portland. Ukuba kukho umahluko phakathi kwamaxwebhu, nokuba mancinci ngobunzima okanye inkcazo yemveliso, iirhafu zingawagcina okanye ziwahlole. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuncitshisweni kwemali kunye neentlawulo zovavanyo ezitya ngokukhawuleza inzuzo yakho.
| Uxwebhu | Injongo | Umngcipheko Ophambili Omele Uwuphephe |
| I-invoyisi yentengiso | Ivakalisa imveliso, ixabiso, umthengi/umthengisi, i-Incoterms | Iinkcazo ezingacacanga, amaxabiso angaxatyiswanga, imali engalunganga |
| Uluhlu lokupakisha | Iinkcukacha ubungakanani, ubunzima, ubungakanani ngebhokisi nganye | Ukungalingani nobungakanani okanye ubunzima be-invoyisi |
| Ibhili yoThutho (i-OBL) | Ubungqina besivumelwano nenkampani yokuthutha ulwandle | Igama elingalunganga lomthumeli, inombolo yesikhongozeli engalunganga |
| UFayilo loKhuseleko loMrhwebi ngaphandle (ISF) | Ukufakwa kwefayili ye-10+2, kufuneka kungeniswe iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba kulayishwe inqanawa | Ukufaka emva kwexesha = isohlwayo se-CBP se-$5,000 ngokwaphulwa kwemithetho |
| Isibhengezo seLizwe lemvelaphi | Iqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla ziyimveliso yaseTshayina | Akukho maxwebhu okuthobela imithetho ye-UFLPA |
| Ibhondi yeRhafu (iFomu ye-CBP 301) | Isiqinisekiso sentlawulo yerhafu kurhulumente wase-US | Isixa sebhondi esingalunganga; ingeniso enye xa ithelekiswa neqhubekayo |
| IsiShwankathelo sokungeniswa (iFomu ye-CBP 7501) | Ifayilishwe ngumthengisi ukuze ibhengeze kwaye ihlawule imisebenzi | Ikhowudi ye-HTS engalunganga, indlela yokuvavanya ixabiso engalunganga |
Ukufakwa kwe-ISF: Imfuneko Ebalulekileyo Ngaphambi Kokuhamba
Umthengisi wakho werhafu kufuneka athumele ifayile yoKhuseleko lokungenisa impahla (ISF), eyaziwa ngokuba yifayile ye-10+2, kwi-CBP esebenzisa inkqubo ye-Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba umthwalo ulayishwe enqanaweni kwizibuko laseTshayina. Inolwazi oluli-10 oluvela kumngenisi, njengomthengi nomthengisi, iqela eliya enqanaweni, indawo apho isitya sifakwe khona, kunye nekhowudi ye-HTSUS. Ikwanalo nolwazi oluli-2 oluvela kumphathi wolwandle. Ukuba ufaka i-ISF yakho emva kwexesha okanye ngokungachanekanga, uya kuhlawuliswa i-$5,000 kwisenzo ngasinye sokwaphula umthetho, nokuba akukho minye imiba yokuthobela imithetho. Le yenye yezona mpazamo ziqhelekileyo zokuthobela imithetho ezenziwa ngabantu xa besuka eTshayina besiya kwimpahla yolwandle yase-US.
Ukuthobela i-UFLPA: Ukucaca kweCandelo loNikezelo ngoku kuxhomekeke kwiTheyibhile
UMthetho woThintelo loMsebenzi oQoqisiweyo wase-Uyghur (UFLPA) wenze kwaba nzima kakhulu kwiTshayina ukungenisa iimpahla ukususela ngo-2022. I-UFLPA yenza kube semthethweni ukungenisa izinto e-US phantsi kwe-19 USC 1307 ukuba zembiwe, zenziwe, okanye zenziwe zizonke okanye ngokuyinxenye eXinjiang okanye ziinkampani ezikuLuhlu lwee-UFLPA Entity.
Ngowama-2025, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-UFLPA kudlulele ngaphaya kwezinto ezenziwe eXinjiang. Ukuba iinxalenye zemveliso yakho, izithako eziluhlaza, okanye izinto ezifakwayo kwangaphambili ziquka umqhaphu ovela eXinjiang, i-polysilicon, i-aluminium, amanqanaba athile entsimbi, iitumato, okanye ezinye iimpahla zezolimo ezikhuselweyo, i-CBP inokugcina ukuthunyelwa kwakho nokuba iimpahla zokugqibela zihlanganiswe kwenye indawo yaseTshayina. Kumashishini angenisa impahla yelaphu, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izinto zelanga, kunye nenani elikhulayo leempahla zoshishino, ukulandeleka kwekhonkco lokubonelela kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo.
Abangenisi ababekwe kwi-UFLPA bamele babonise ubungqina obucacileyo nobukholisayo—ngokuqhelekileyo uhlolo lwefektri, iziqinisekiso zokuba bafumana phi izinto zabo eziluhlaza, imephu yecandelo lesithathu lokuhambisa impahla, kunye neerekhodi zentengiselwano—ukuze kukhululwe ukuthunyelwa kwabo. Iindleko ze-UFLPA hold, ezifana nokugcinwa kwempahla ebotshiweyo, iifizi zomthetho, kunye nokwenzeka kokulahlekelwa yimpahla, zinokuba ngaphezulu kwexabiso lezinto ngokwazo. Kubiza kancinci kakhulu ukwakha ukulandeleka kwinkqubo yakho yokufumana impahla ngaphambi kokuba ufake iodolo kunokuba kubiza ukuzama ukwenza njalo emva kokuba igcinwe.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa KweTopway Okukunceda Ngayo Ukwazi Ukulawula Iikhowudi zeHS kunye Nokuthobela Imithetho Yerhafu
Uninzi lwamashishini alukwazi okanye alufanelekanga ukujongana nokufumana udidi lwe-HS ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusingatha i-duty stack kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina ngokwazo. Xa usebenza neqabane lezothutho eliyaziyo into eliyenzayo, irekhodi lakho lokuthobela imithetho kunye neendleko zakho zokuthengisa ziya kuphucuka.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukususela ngo-2010. Iqela labasunguli linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, ligxile kakhulu kwixesha elide kwindlela yorhwebo phakathi kweTshayina ne-US. Iinkonzo zeTopway zigubungela lonke uthotho lwempahla, ukusuka ekuziseni iimpahla zakho eTshayina, ukucoca imithwalo ukuze zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe, ukuzigcina phesheya, ukulungelelanisa ukususwa kwemithwalo e-US, kunye nokuzihambisa kwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla okanye kwiziko lokuzalisekisa.
I-Topway inikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha imithwalo elwandle eziguquguqukayo ze-FCL (Full Container Load) kunye ne-LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) ezivela kumazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina—eShanghai, eNingbo, eShenzhen, eGuangzhou, naseQingdao—ukuya ePortland kubathumeli abathumela impahla ngePort of Portland. Abacebisi bezothutho beTopway basebenzisana nomthengisi wakho werhafu wase-US ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifayile ze-ISF zithunyelwa ngexesha, bancede ekujongeni kabini ukuhlelwa kwe-HTSUS ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, kwaye balungiselele amaphepha emithwalo ukuze banciphise amathuba okuhlolwa okanye ukubanjwa.
I-Topway ikwanceda abathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bajongane neenyani ezintsha emva kwe-de minimis. Kumashishini awayethumela iipakeji ezincinci ezixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-$800, i-Topway inokubanceda batshintshe izicwangciso zabo zokudibanisa, balawule iindlela zokugcina impahla ezibophelelweyo kwindawo yasePortland, kwaye bafumane ixabiso lokwenyani lokufika, kuquka zonke iileya zerhafu ezifanelekileyo, ukuze kungabikho mangaliso xa iimpahla zithengiswa. I-Topway Shipping ikulungele ukukunceda ukusuka kwidokhi ukuya kwenye ukuba uthumela usuka eTshayina ukuya kwiPort of Portland kwaye ufuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko werhafu ngelixa ufumana amaxabiso angcono kakhulu empahla.
Izibuko lasePortland ngo-2025–2026: Oko Abathumeli Bempahla Abafanele Bakwazi
Izibuko leekhonteyina kwiPort of Portland libe neengxaki ezininzi kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kodwa izinto zibukeka zingcono njengoko singena kunyaka ka-2026 kunokuba bezinjalo kwiminyaka ephantse ibe lishumi. Ukususela nge-16 kaJanuwari 2026, iTerminal 6, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiOregon Container Terminal kwaye iqhutywa yiHarbor Industrial Services, iza kuvulwa iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki endaweni yezine. Itheminali ngoku inemizila ethe ngqo yeekhonteyina evela eTshayina naseMzantsi Korea, apho iMSC kunye neSM Line zingabathwali abaphambili.
Uxolo lwerhafu phakathi kwe-US ne-China ngoMeyi ka-2025, olwanciphisa okwethutyana amazinga e-IEEPA ukusuka kwi-145% ukuya kwi-30% kwiintsuku ezingama-90 zengxoxo, lwaba nefuthe elikhulu kwinani leempahla ezingena ePortland. Ngaphambi kwesi saziso, izibuko laliqikelele ukuba ukufika kweekhonteyina kuya kwehla ngama-30%. Oku kubonisa indlela umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo onokuchaphazela ngayo ngokuthe ngqo inani leempahla ezingena kwizibuko lengingqi. Kwabangenisi, oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kokubandakanya ucwangciso lwerhafu olusekelwe kwimeko kwizigqibo zabo zokuthenga endaweni yokucinga nje ukuba amaxabiso angoku aya kuhlala efana.
Irhafu entsha yezibuko le-USTR kwiinqanawa ezakhiwe eTshayina okanye eziphethwe okanye eziqhutywa ngabantu baseTshayina yaqala ukusebenza nge-14 ka-Okthobha 2025. Malunga ne-25% yeenkonzo ezithe ngqo zaseTshayina ukuya kuNxweme oluseNtshona ziye zathunyelwa kwiindawo ezifana neBusan okanye iSingapore ukuze kuthintelwe iindleko ezongezelelweyo. Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka bahlole nomphathi wabo wempahla ukuze bafumane ukuba zeziphi iinqanawa eziza kuthwala impahla yabo kwaye ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela oluya kuchaphazela ixesha elithathayo ukufika ePortland.
| Iinkcukacha ezimfutshane zePort of Portland (Ekuqaleni kuka-2026) | iinkcukacha |
| Umqhubi weTheminali | Iinkonzo zoShishino lweeHarbor (ukususela ngoJanuwari 2026), irenti yeminyaka esi-7 |
| Iintsuku Zokusebenza Zeveki | Iintsuku ezi-5 (zandisiwe ukusuka kwi-4 ukusukela nge-16 kaJanuwari 2026) |
| Iinkampani Ezithwala Izinto Ezisebenzayo Kwindlela YaseTshayina | MSC, Umgca we-SM |
| Uhambo Oluqhelekileyo Lolwandle (eShanghai → ePortland) | Iintsuku eziyi-15-18 |
| Indlu ngendlu eqhelekileyo (eTshayina → eOregon) | Iintsuku ezingama-22–30 phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo |
| Ixesha elongezelelweyo ukuba uviwo lukhethiwe | +5–10 iintsuku zokusebenza |
| I-De Minimis yemvelaphi yaseTshayina | Isusiwe ukususela nge-2 kaMeyi 2025 |
| Iintlawulo zeZibuko leenqanawa zaseTshayina | Isebenza ukusukela nge-14 ka-Okthobha 2025; ichaphazela ezinye iishedyuli zeendlela |
Iingcebiso Ezisebenzayo Zokunciphisa Umthwalo Wakho Weerhafu Nomngcipheko Wokuhlela
Akukho ndlela isemthethweni yokuphepha ukuhlawula iirhafu, kodwa kukho iindlela ezisemthethweni nezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho kunye nokuphepha ukuhlawula izohlwayo ezongezelelweyo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukungenisa uhlobo olutsha lwemveliso, kufuneka uqale ufumane i-CBP Binding Ruling. Isigqibo esibophelelayo sisusa naluphi na ukudideka malunga nokuhlelwa kwakho ngokweendidi kwaye sikunike ingxoxo esemthethweni ukuba i-CBP kamva ibuza ikhowudi yakho. Ayibizi nto, ithatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-30, kwaye iluncedo ngakumbi kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezenziwe ngezinto ezingaphezu kwesinye. Le nkqubo iyimfuneko ngokusisiseko ekuhlanganiseni izinto ze-elektroniki, izinto ezixutyiweyo, okanye oomatshini abanesoftware eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Okwesibini, yenza uhlolo olupheleleyo lokukhutshwa kweCandelo 301 kuzo zonke iimveliso zakho. Kwanasekuqaleni kuka-2026, kusekho izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezikhoyo kwizihloko ezincinci ezininzi ze-HTSUS. Ezi zinokunciphisa okanye zisuse intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeCandelo 301 engama-25%. Isivumelwano sikaTrump-Xi ngoNovemba ka-2025 songeze izinto ezingafunekiyo ezili-178 eziza kuhlala kude kube nguNovemba ka-2026. Umthengisi wakho werhafu kufuneka enze olu hlolo ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kuhambe, kungekuphela nje xa kusenzeka.
Okwesithathu, jonga kwiFirst Sale Valuation ukuba uthotho lwakho lokuthengisa luquka inkampani yorhwebo yaseTshayina okanye umntu ophakathi. Endaweni yemali ehlawulwa ngumthengisi wase-US yiarhente yakhe yaseTshayina, ixabiso lokuqala lokuthengisa lijonga ixabiso lentengiselwano kwinqanaba lefektri. Oku kunokunciphisa ixabiso lakho elifunekayo kakhulu kwizinto ezinee-markups ezinkulu phakathi, oko kuthetha ukuba uza kuhlawula imali encinci kwimirhumo iyonke. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ugcine iirekhodi ezilungileyo zokuthengiswa kwinqanaba lefektri. Kodwa kubangenisi abazisa iimpahla ezininzi, ukonga kunokuba kukhulu minyaka le.
Okokugqibela, qiniseka ukuba ubhalisa ukungena kwakho kwerhafu ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ifike. Ungafaka isicelo kwi-CBP ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezintlanu ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ifike ePortland. Ukuba ufake isicelo ngaphambi kokuba ufike, ukungena kwakho kuya kuhlolwa ngelixa inqanawa iseselwandle. Ukuba iyamkelwa, umthwalo ungakhululwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba ibekwe edokini. Le ndlela yokusebenza enye inokunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya ngeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine kwaye inciphise kakhulu ingozi yokuphelelwa ngamandla.
isiphelo
Ngowama-2025 nangowama-2026, xa ungenisa iimpahla ezivela eTshayina ngePort of Portland, kufuneka wazi okuninzi malunga nezithethe kunye neerhafu ongazange uzibone kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo. Ulwakhiwo olutsha lwerhafu, oluquka amaxabiso e-MFN, iirhafu ezongezelelweyo zeCandelo 301, iirhafu ze-IEEPA, kunye neerhafu ze-AD/CVD ezinokwenzeka zonke zibekwe phezu kwenye, kunye nokuphela konyango lwe-de minimis, ukwandiswa kokunyanzeliswa kwe-UFLPA, kunye notshintsho kwiTerminal 6, kuthetha ukuba ukuthobela imithetho ngoku sisiseko sobuchule bokusebenza, kungekuphela nje into eyenzekayo eofisini engasemva.
Ukuba ufuna ukuhambisa iimpahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwimarike yaseMelika ngendlela enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nenenzuzo, kufuneka uyazi ikhowudi yakho ye-HTSUS ngaphakathi nangaphandle, wazi ukuba zeziphi iileya zerhafu ezisebenzayo, usete inkqubo yoxwebhu eyaneliswa yi-CBP kuphononongo lokuqala, kwaye usebenze namaqabane anamava kwezothutho.
I-Topway Shipping ikulungele ukunceda abathumeli ngenyathelo ngalinye lale nkqubo, ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya ePortland. Abasebenzi bethu abanamava bayayazi indlela yokujonga imeko yokuthumela impahla eTshayina kunye nemithetho enzima yerhafu yaseMelika. Ukuba ufuna ukuphucula uthungelwano lwakho lokuhambisa impahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya ePortland, nxibelelana neqela leTopway ukuze uthethe ngento oyifunayo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQs)
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwekhowudi ye-HS kunye nekhowudi ye-HTS?
A: Ikhowudi yeHarmonized System (HS) yikhowudi enamanani ama-6 esetyenziswa ngamazwe amaninzi ukwahlulahlula iimveliso. Ikhowudi yeHarmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) yinguqulelo yase-US, enamanani ali-10. Kufuneka usebenzise ikhowudi epheleleyo ye-HTS enamanani ali-10 xa uzisa nantoni na e-United States. I-China inenkqubo yokwahlulahlula enamanani ali-13 yokuthumela ngaphandle. Yingakho kufuneka uhlale ujonga iikhowudi kumthengisi werhafu onelayisenisi yase-US ngaphambi kokuba ufake isicelo sokungena.
Q: Ndingayifumana njani ikhowudi ye-HTS echanekileyo yemveliso yam evela eTshayina?
A: Ungakhangela i-HTSUS ku-hts.usitc.gov, kodwa ukuba uzisa iimpahla ezininzi zeshishini, kungcono ukusebenzisana nomthengisi werhafu wase-US onelayisenisi. Ukuba unemveliso exabisa imali eninzi okanye enzima ukuyiqonda, ungafuna ukucela i-CBP ukuba ikunike isigwebo esibophelelayo. Isimahla, ibophelela ngokusemthethweni, kwaye kufuneka uyifumane kwiintsuku ezingama-30.
Q: Ingakanani irhafu iyonke yeempahla zaseTshayina ezingena ePortland ngo-2026?
A: Kuxhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-HTS onayo. Uninzi lweenkampani zaseTshayina ezingenisa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka zihlawule ubuncinane iirhafu ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: izinga lesiseko se-MFN, iirhafu zeCandelo 301 (7.5% okanye 25%), kunye neentlawulo ze-IEEPA ezimalunga ne-20% ezongezwe kunye. Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso, amaxabiso asebenzayo aphezulu kune-40%–55%, kwaye kwezinye izinto ezinee-oda ze-AD/CVD, amaxabiso aphezulu nangakumbi kune-100%. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo sokufumana imveliso, soloko uqikelela iindleko zakho zonke.
Q: Ndingakwazi na ukuthumela iipasela ezincinci ukusuka eTshayina ukuya ePortland ngaphandle kwerhafu?
A: Hayi. Ngomhla wesi-2 kuCanzibe ngo-2025, ukukhululwa kwe-$800 de minimis kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina kwasuswa. Zonke iimpahla ezivela eTshayina, nokuba zibiza malini, ngoku kufuneka zidlule kwimida yerhafu kwaye zihlawule irhafu efanelekileyo. Ngomhla wama-29 ku-Agasti ngo-2025, ukukhululwa kwe-de minimis kwiimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe kwamiswa ngokufanayo.
Q: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba imveliso yam ivalelwe phantsi kwe-UFLPA?
Impendulo: I-CBP iya kukuthumelela isaziso sokuvalelwa, kwaye uya kuba nethuba lokubonisa ukuba uthungelwano lwakho lokuhambisa alubandakanyi umsebenzi onyanzelekileyo ovela eXinjiang ngobungqina obucacileyo nobuqinisekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukujonga umzi-mveliso, ukugcina iirekhodi apho izinto eziluhlaza zivela khona, kunye nokufumana amaxwebhu othungelwano lokuhambisa impahla yomntu wesithathu. Izinto zisenokungavumeleki ukuba akukho bungqina baneleyo. Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenza neqabane lezothungelwano elifana neTopway Shipping eligxile ekuthobeleni imithetho ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kunokujongana nokubanjwa kwe-UFLPA emva kokuba kwenzeke loo nto.
Q: I-Topway Shipping ingaxhasa njani inkqubo yam yokungenisa impahla esuka eChina ukuya ePortland?
A: I-Topway Shipping inika inkxaso epheleleyo yezothutho, kuquka i-FCL kunye ne-LCL yokuthutha ulwandle ukusuka kumazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina ukuya ePortland, isigaba sokuqala sothutho eTshayina, ulungelelwaniso lokususwa kwerhafu, amazwe angaphandle ukugcina, kunye nokuhanjiswa e-US I-Topway yasungulwa ngo-2010 kwaye ikwiShenzhen. Iqela layo linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 yokusebenza phakathi kweTshayina ne-US. Banamava ngezothutho kwaye banokukunceda ukuba uhlele iimveliso kwangaphambili, ulungiselele amaphepha ngokufanelekileyo, ufumane ixabiso lokwenyani lokufika, kwaye uphathe yonke inkqubo yokungenisa impahla ukusuka kumenzi ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla yase-Oregon.
