Oko Abathumeli Bempahla BaseTshayina Abakuphosayo Malunga Neemfuno ZeeCustoms Zase-Itali
intshayelelo
Amawaka abantu baseTshayina abathumela impahla kwamanye amazwe bafunda nzima minyaka le ukuba ukuthumela impahla e-Itali kufuna okungaphezulu nje kokuqesha isikhongozeli nokuprinta ilebheli. I-Itali lilungu le-EU, oko kuthetha ukuba imithetho yayo yerhafu iphakathi kwezona zingqongqo ehlabathini. Kunzima nakubathumeli abanamava ukulandela yonke imithetho ngenxa yemilinganiselo yokukhusela urhwebo kwinqanaba le-EU, izibophelelo zerhafu ezithile zase-Itali, kunye nenkqubo yokuhlola ye-Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli, esiya iba yedijithali kwaye iqhutywa yidatha.
Ixesha elininzi, ingxaki ayikokuba nenzondo. Uninzi lweengxaki zerhafu kwindlela yaseTshayina-e-Itali zivela ekwenzeni iingcinga. Umzekelo, abantu bacinga ukuba ifomathi yoxwebhu eyayisebenza e-US iya kusebenza e-Itali, ukuba ikhowudi ye-HS eyasetyenziswa kunyaka ophelileyo isachanekile, kwaye ixabiso eliphantsi elibhengeziweyo yindlela yokonga imali endaweni yokwenza ubuqhetseba. Ngo-2026, i-EU iya kususa umda we-€150 ongenanto yokuhlawuliswa irhafu kwiipakeji ezincinci eziqala ngoJulayi 1. Kwangaxeshanye, irhafu entsha yokulwa nokulahla impahla kwiimpahla zeseramikhi zaseTshayina iya kufikelela kwi-79%. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo zokufumana amaphepha engachanekanga azikaze zibe phezulu.
Eli nqaku lithetha ngeengxaki ezinkulu ezenziwa ngabathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina xa bethumela iimpahla e-Itali, lixoxa ngemithetho eyenza ezi mpazamo zibe nokwenzeka, kwaye linika iingcebiso eziluncedo malunga nendlela yokuthumela impahla icocekile. Lisebenzisa imithetho yamva nje yerhafu ye-EU, idatha yorhwebo, kunye nobuchule bokwenyani bokulawula uthutho oluwela imida kwi-corridor yaseTshayina-Yurophu.
Imeko Yolawulo: I-Itali Ayifani Nezinye Iimarike
I-United States, i-Southeast Asia, kunye ne-Gulf zonke ziimarike eziphambili zokuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina, kodwa akukho nanye kuzo enemithetho yerhafu enzima njengeye-EU. I-Itali ilandela i-Union Customs Code (UCC) ye-EU, eyathatha indima ye-Community Customs Code ngo-2016. I-UCC ibeka uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemithetho yendlela yokusingatha yonke ingeniso yeshishini, kubandakanya amaphepha, iinkqubo, kunye ne-IT. Ukongeza kwiimbopheleleko ze-UCC, i-Itali yongeza iimfuno zayo zemali, kubandakanya i-invoyisi ye-elektroniki enyanzelekileyo phantsi kwenkqubo yeCodice Destinatario (SDI) yentengiselwano yezorhwebo ye-B2B, kunye nesiseko sokuchonga irhafu esingenalo ixabiso elichanekileyo kwimeko-bume yolawulo yaseTshayina okanye yaseMelika.
I-Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli (ADM) iqhuba amasiko ase-Itali. Isebenzisa inkqubo yekhompyutha ye-AIDA ukucubungula izibhengezo kunye nokujonga idatha kwiidathabheyisi ze-EU ngexesha langempela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba abathengisi baseTshayina bayazi kukuba amasiko ase-Itali awasebenzi kwintando elungileyo okanye ngengqiqo eqhelekileyo. Inkqubo iya kubonisa ngokuzenzekelayo nayiphi na iphepha elingekhoyo, elingangqinelaniyo, okanye elingalunganga, nokuba lincinci. Iimpahla ziya kugcinwa de ingxaki ilungiswe. Akukho ndlela ingekho sesikweni yokuyiphepha.
I-Itali kunzima ukwenza ishishini nayo kuneJamani okanye iNetherlands ngezizathu ezimbalwa: Ukucutshungulwa kwerhafu yase-Itali kungathatha ixesha elide ngexesha elixakekileyo, inethiwekhi yezothutho e-Itali inzima ngakumbi ekucwangcisweni kokugqibela, kwaye abathumeli base-Itali badla ngokuba nemithetho ethile yerhafu malunga nokufaka ii-invoyisi abangaziqhelanga abathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina. Ngaphambi kokuba impahla yokuqala iphume eShenzhen okanye eShanghai, kufuneka uqonde la mahluko.
Impazamo #1 — Ukufumanisa Ikhowudi ye-HS Engalunganga
Ikhowudi yeHarmonized System (HS) yeyona ngcaciso ibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na ingxelo yerhafu. Le khowudi ikuxelela ukuba loluphi uxabiso lwerhafu olusebenzayo, ukuba amanyathelo okulwa nokulahla inkunkuma ayaqaliswa, ukuba kufuneka uphawu lwe-CE okanye esinye isiqinisekiso, kwaye ukuba ukuthunyelwa kuya kurhoxiswa okanye kutsalwe ukuze kuhlolwe. Kwaye olu lulwazi oluchaneke ngakumbi kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina.
Ukungacaci kolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwale mpazamo. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa ikhowudi ebanzi enamanani ama-4 okanye ama-6 xa amasiko ase-Itali efuna ikhowudi ye-EU TARIC enamanani ama-8 ukuze ihlele ngokuchanekileyo into. Uhlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo kukuhlela kakubi, okunokwenziwa ngabom okanye ngengozi. Oku kuxa imveliso inikwa ikhowudi enezinga lomrhumo eliphantsi okanye iimfuno zolawulo ezimbalwa kunekhowudi efanelekileyo. Amagunya eerhafu e-Itali nase-EU agcina iidathabheyisi zamaxabiso eemveliso kwaye ajonga rhoqo amaxabiso kunye nokuhlelwa kwabantu okubhengezwayo. Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa kwezibane ze-LED ezibhengezwe phantsi kwekhowudi yeendawo zombane ezisisiseko kudla ngokuphawulwa ukuba zihlolwe. Xa izinto zihlelwa ngokutsha kumda, umngenisi kufuneka ahlawule kungekuphela nje izinga lomrhumo ofanelekileyo kodwa kunye neentlawulo ezinokwenzeka kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, uphando malunga nokungachazwa kakuhle okucwangcisiweyo.
Ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe nayiphi na impahla, kufuneka ujonge inombolo ye-TARIC enamanani asi-8 kwimpahla nganye usebenzisa i-portal ye-Access2Markets yeKhomishini yaseYurophu okanye isiseko sedatha se-TARIC ngqo. Ukuba kukho ukudideka okukhulu malunga nokuhlelwa ngokweendidi, njengoko kunokuvela kwiimveliso ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukucela amasiko ase-Itali ukuba amisele ulwazi lwerhafu ebophelelayo (i-BTI) kwangethuba. Isigwebo se-BTI sinika ukuhlelwa ngokweendidi okubophelelayo ngokusemthethweni amasiko angenakukubuza kamva, ngoko ke akukho mathandabuzo ngobomi besi sigqibo.
Impazamo #2 — Ukungabi naxabiso eliphantsi kwe-invoyisi
Ukuze kwehliswe irhafu kunye nentlawulo ye-VAT, abantu abangaxabisi kakhulu i-invoyisi bathi ixabiso lerhafu liphantsi kunexabiso lokwenyani lentengiselwano. Oku kuchasene nomthetho, kodwa kwenzeka kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zorhwebo lwe-elektroniki oluvela eTshayina ukuya kwi-EU. Ngo-2026, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuphumelela.
I-Italian customs ibala ukuba kufuneka ihlawuliswe malini ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso le-CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) yeemveliso. Eli lixabiso leempahla kunye neendleko zokuthumela kunye ne-inshurensi ukuya kwizibuko lokungena lase-Itali. Kufuneka ubhengeze ngokuchanekileyo zonke ezi ndawo. I-EU icinga ukuba iipakeji ezifika kwi-65% ezivela ngaphandle kwe-EU zithotywa ngabom. Ukuphendula, iKhomishini yaseYurophu ikhawulezise amanyathelo okunyanzelisa ngexabiso elikhulu. Umlinganiselo we-€150 ongenanto yerhafu awusayi kuphinda usebenze ukusukela nge-1 kaJulayi 2026. Oku kungenxa yokuba amaqonga e-e-commerce aseTshayina awela imida aye anciphisa ixabiso leempahla ngokucwangcisiweyo. Ukususela ngaloo mhla, zonke iipakeji ezifika e-Itali, nokuba zixabisa malini, kuya kufuneka zidlule kwiipakeji kwaye zihlawule intlawulo emiselweyo ye-€3 ubuncinane ngepakeji nganye.
Xa kufikwa kwiintengiso ezinkulu ze-B2B, amasiko ase-Itali angqongqo kakhulu. I-ADM ineedathabheyisi zamaxabiso abhekisa kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eTshayina. Ukuba i-invoyisi iphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso eliqikelelweyo lemarike lolo hlobo lwempahla, iya kuchongwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Xa oku kusenzeka, amasiko anokuzifumanela ixabiso lamasiko ngokwawo, nto leyo adla ngokuyenza kwinqanaba eliphezulu loluhlu lwereferensi. Umngenisi emva koko kufuneka ahlawule ityala lerhafu ngokusekelwe kwixabiso elitsha, kunye nazo naziphi na izohlwayo. Ukuba kutyhilwa ukungazixabisi ngokwenkqubo, umngenisi unokumangalelwa ngobuqhetseba bamasiko aze ajongane namatyala olwaphulo-mthetho.
Eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukubika ixabiso elichanekileyo lentengiselwano njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo. Ukuba ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu kuba umthengisi wempahla ngaphandle ngumvelisi okanye ngenxa yesaphulelo esikhulu, loo meko yeshishini kufuneka ibhalwe kakuhle kwaye ifumaneke xa iceliwe. Ukungabi naxabiso eliphantsi asiyondlela yokonga imali; lityala ekufuneka lihlawulwe, ngokubanzi ngexesha elibi kakhulu.
Impazamo #3 — Ingxaki yeNombolo ye-EORI
Inombolo yoBhaliso noLwazi loMsebenzi wezoQoqosho (i-EORI) yindlela efunekayo ye-EU yokuchonga naliphi na ishishini elenza ushishino ngaphesheya kwemida, nokuba lingenisa, lithumela ngaphandle, okanye lisebenza njengomthwali. Ukuba isibhengezo seerhafu asinayo inombolo ye-EORI esebenzayo, izinto ziya kumiswa emdeni. Akukho mahluko kubangenisi bokuqala, akukho xesha lokukhululwa, kwaye akukho ndlela yokuphuma kuyo ngokungacwangciswanga. I-Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli ijongene nobhaliso lwe-EORI e-Itali. Inombolo iqala ngo-“IT” kwaye ilandelwa yinombolo ye-VAT yase-Itali yomngenisi (iPartita IVA).
Abathengisi baseTshayina badla ngokwenza impazamo yokucinga ukuba ukuthobela imithetho ye-EORI luxanduva lomthengi e-Itali. Oko kuyinyani ngokwethiyori kwi-DAP (Delivered At Place) okanye ukuthunyelwa kwe-EXW: umngenisi werekhodi uphethe ubhaliso lwabo lwe-EORI. Kodwa uninzi lwabangenisi base-Itali abancinci nabaphakathi abazange bajonge imeko yabo ye-EORI ngokuchanekileyo, ingakumbi ukuba babexhomekeke kumda we-€150 ongahlawuliswayo kwiimpahla ezincinci. Ukususela ngoDisemba 2024, nabantu abazimeleyo abazisa izinto zabo kwi-EU nge-Itali baya kufuna i-EORI esebenzayo okanye ikhowudi yemali ukuze badlule kwiimpahla ngaphandle kweengxaki. Xa umthengi wase-Itali engaqhelanga ukujongana neempahla zasekhaya, umthengisi ongajongi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-EORI esebenzayo ikhona ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe ngamanye amaxesha uphela enempahla elinde kwizibuko laseGenoa kwaye ehlawula imali yokugcina yonke imihla.
Isisombululo esilula kukujonga inombolo ye-EORI yomthumeli-mpahla ngokukhawuleza kwi-EORI Validation Portal yeKhomishini yaseYurophu ngaphambi kokuba ulungiselele naluphi na uthutho. Uthutho alufanele luthunyelwe de umthumeli-mpahla wase-Itali afumane i-EORI esebenzayo. Iinkampani ezingaphandle kwe-EU ezingenalo ubhaliso lweshishini lase-Itali zinokuqesha uMmeli weRhafu engangqalanga, elishishini elibhalisiweyo e-Itali kwaye linoxanduva lwerhafu egameni labo. Lo mntu unokubanceda bafumane i-EORI kwaye bagqibezele izibhengezo zokungenisa impahla. Esi sivumelwano sibaluleke kakhulu kubathumeli-mpahla baseTshayina abathumela i-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), oko kuthetha ukuba banoxanduva lokucoca amasiko e-Itali.
Impazamo #4 — Ukungabikho kokuMakisha kwe-CE kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMveliso
Ileyibhile ye-CE ayithethi ukuba nantoni na ikumgangatho ophezulu. Yimbopheleleko esemthethweni ukuba imveliso ihlangabezane nayo yonke imigangatho yempilo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusingqongileyo ye-EU. Le yenye yezona ndawo zingaqondwa kakuhle kwimithetho ye-EU yabathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina. Ukuba nje imveliso inesitampu se-CE akuthethi ukuba isemgangathweni olungileyo. Oku kuthetha nje ukuba umenzi uyijongile ngokuchasene nemithetho ye-EU waza wathi iyahlangabezana nayo. Ngaphambi kokuba uphawu lwe-CE lubekwe kwiintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso ezilawulwayo, umbutho wesithathu oqinisekisiweyo owaziwa njenge-Notified Body kufuneka ujonge ukuba uyayithobela na imithetho.
Iindidi zeemveliso ezifuna isiqinisekiso se-CE ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa e-Itali eTshayina zii-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zombane (i-Low Voltage Directive), oomatshini, amathoyizi, izixhobo zokuzikhusela zomntu, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezixhobo zerediyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele we-EU (GPSR 2023/988/EU) unike ukubekwa kweliso kwimarike amandla angakumbi ukusukela ngoDisemba 2024. Ngoku banokubamba ukuthunyelwa kumda de kube kukhululwe irhafu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba amaxwebhu okuthobela i-CE awekho, ukuthunyelwa kunokususa inqanaba lovavanyo lomsebenzi kwaye kugcinwe kukubekwa kweliso kwimarike. Yonke imveliso elawulwayo okanye ukupakishwa kwayo kufuneka ngoku ikhankanye uMntu onoxanduva lwe-EU, iqumrhu elisemthethweni elise-EU elithatha uxanduva lokuthobela imveliso egameni lomenzi ongengowe-EU.
Abathengisi baseTshayina abenza iimpahla kwiimarike zase-Itali okanye zase-EU kwaye bengenazo iinkqubo zokuthobela i-CE, bazibeka emngciphekweni wokungathunyelwa nje emva kwexesha. Babeka emngciphekweni wokuba iimpahla zabo zingamkelwa kwaye zibuyiselwe ngeendleko zabo, kutshatyalaliswe impahla, kwaye bonakalise ubudlelwane babo beshishini nabathengi babo base-Itali, abaza kujongana nezohlwayo kumda wase-Itali.
Impazamo #5 — Ukudibanisa i-EUR.1 neSatifikethi esifanelekileyo seMvelaphi
Akukho sivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo phakathi kweTshayina ne-EU. Abathengisi baseTshayina abaninzi abathumeli ngaphandle abaqondi okanye abanandaba nale nkcukacha xa belungiselela amaphepha abo okuthumela ngaphandle.
Isatifikethi sokuhamba se-EUR.1 luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwesatifikethi semvelaphi esikuvumela ukuba uhlawule irhafu ephantsi phantsi kwezivumelwano zorhwebo olukhululekileyo ze-EU. Sisebenza kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezivela kumazwe anesivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo (i-FTA) ne-EU. Oku kuquka amanye amazwe aseMeditera kunye namazwe asakhulayo axhamla kwiSikimu esiQhelekileyo se-EU sokukhetha. Olu luhlu alubandakanyi iTshayina. Ukungenisa isatifikethi se-EUR.1 sempahla evela eTshayina ukuya e-Itali akuchanekanga nje kuphela, kodwa kukwachaza ngobuxoki apho iimveliso zivela khona, nto leyo ethetha ubuqhetseba berhafu obunokukhokelela ekuhlolweni kwakhona kwerhafu kunye nezohlwayo.
Endaweni yoko, abathumeli bamanye amazwe baseTshayina kufuneka bafumane iSatifikethi seMvelaphi esingakhethiyo kwiBhunga laseTshayina lokuKhuthazwa koRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (CCPIT) okanye kwigumbi lorhwebo eligunyazisiweyo. Olu xwebhu alukuniki rhafu ikhethekileyo, kuba akukho rhafu ikhethekileyo yeempahla zaseTshayina phantsi kwamazinga aqhelekileyo e-EU TARIC. Nangona kunjalo, lichaza ngokuchanekileyo ilizwe elivela kulo, eliyimfuneko ekubaleni umrhumo ochanekileyo, ekumiseleni umrhumo wokulwa nokulahla impahla, kunye nokugcina idatha yorhwebo. Ukuba izinto zikwicandelo lemveliso eliphantsi kwamanyathelo e-ADD okanye ukujongwa kwemvelaphi, amasiko ase-Itali aya kuyicela. Ukuba ilungile kwaye ifumaneka ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ifike kuya kuyithintela ukulibaziseka ekuphumeni kwayo.
Impazamo #6 — Ukungayinaki Imisebenzi Yokulwa Nokulahla Izinto
Imirhumo yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma (ADD) yenye yezona zinto zimangalisayo eziyingozi kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abangakhange bagqibe uphando lwabo. Xa uphando lufumanisa ukuba izinto ezithile ezivela eTshayina zithengiswa ngamaxabiso angaphantsi kwexabiso elifanelekileyo lemarike kwaye ngeendlela ezilimaza amacandelo asekuhlaleni e-EU, i-EU ihlawulisa irhafu eyongezelelweyo kwezo zinto zingeniswayo. Ezi ntlawulo zongezwa ngaphezu kwamaxabiso aqhelekileyo e-TARIC kwaye zinokuba phezulu kakhulu.
NgoFebruwari 2026, i-EU yabeka irhafu yokugqibela yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma ye-79% kwitafile zaseTshayina zeseramikhi kunye nezixhobo zasekhitshini. Oku kwanyuswa ukusuka kumaxabiso angaphambili omntu ngamnye, ahluka ukusuka kwi-13% ukuya kwi-36%. Umntu owayethengisa iikomityi zeseramikhi e-Itali wayecinga ukuba kuya kufuneka ahlawule imali efanayo yerhafu yokungenisa impahla njengaye wonke umntu. Ngoku kufuneka ahlawule phantse ngokuphindwe kathathu. Izinto zentsimbi, iiphaneli zelanga, iibhayisekile ze-elektroniki, kunye noluhlu olukhulayo lwezinye izinto nazo ziphantsi kwemigaqo efanayo ye-ADD. Ngo-2025 nango-2026, i-EU nayo yaqinisa uphando lwayo. Ngo-Agasti 2025, bafumana ubungqina obakhokelela kwiirhafu zesikhashana kwi-sweetcorn egciniweyo evela eTshayina. Ezi rhafu zaqinisekiswa phakathi ko-2026.
Ngaphambi kokuba umthengi wase-Itali okanye wase-EU anike ikowuteshini yokugqibela yokuthumela ngaphandle, umthengisi ngaphandle kufuneka ajonge isiseko sedatha seTARIC kungekuphela nje ireyithi yerhafu eqhelekileyo kodwa nayo nayiphi na i-ADD, irhafu echaseneyo, okanye amanyathelo okukhusela asebenza kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina. Kwezinye iimeko, la manyathelo ajolise ngqo kwiimveliso ezithile kunye nabavelisi. Umzekelo, abanye abavelisi abaye basebenzisa uphando lwe-EU banokuba nereyithi yerhafu ephantsi kunereyithi yesizwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba itshekhi kufuneka yenziwe ngokugqibeleleyo, kungabi ngokukhawuleza nje kuphela.
| Udidi lweMveliso | Ixabiso lokongeza (eTshayina) | Umhla osebenzeyo | amaNqaku |
| Izitya zetafile zeseramikhi kunye nezitya zasekhitshini | 79% (kuzwelonke) | 7 Feb 2026 | Inyuke ukusuka kwi-13–36% ngaphambili; isebenza iminyaka emi-5 |
| Iimveliso zentsimbi (ezahlukeneyo) | Iyahluka ngemveliso | Eqhubekayo | Amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela e-EU kunye ne-ADD ayasebenza |
| Iiphaneli zelanga / iimveliso ze-photovoltaic | Kuya | Eqhubekayo | Kuxhomekeke kuphononongo oluqhubekayo lokhuselo lorhwebo |
| Umbona omnandi ogciniweyo | Imisebenzi eqinisekileyo (uluhlu lwe-10–50%) | Phakathi kwe-2026 | Iqinisekisiwe emva kophando lwe-EU; imisebenzi yexeshana ebekwe ngo-Agasti 2025 |
| Iibhayisekile ze-elektroniki (iindidi ezithile) | Iyahluka ngokomvelisi | Eqhubekayo | Jonga iidathabheyisi ze-EU TARIC kunye ne-OLAF ukuze ufumane amaxabiso athile abavelisi |
Imithombo: Ijenali Esemthethweni ye-EU, uHlaziyo lwezoRhwebo kunye neeNkcubeko zase-Amfori, iQela leNkxaso yeNkcubeko, isiseko sedatha se-EU TARIC, ngo-Epreli 2026.
Impazamo #7 — Ukungawuthatheli ngqalelo umlinganiselo we-VAT kunye nobunzima bezemali base-Itali
Xa iimpahla zifika e-Itali zivela ngaphandle kwe-EU, i-VAT ihlawuliswa kumda, nokuba zithini na imiqathango yokuthengisa. Ixabiso le-CIF leemveliso kunye nentlawulo yokungenisa efanelekileyo yiloo nto i-VAT isekelwe kuyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-VAT yongezwa kwirhafu, kungekuphela nje ixabiso lezinto. Oku kuvelisa uxanduva olukhulu lokuhamba kwemali kubathumeli-mpahla baseTshayina abaninzi abathumela i-DDP, kwaye abayiqondi loo nto okanye abayicwangcisi ngokuchanekileyo ngexabiso eliqhelekileyo leepesenti ezingama-22. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-VAT e-Itali kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso.
| Ixabiso leVAT | izinga | Iintlobo zeeMveliso eziqhelekileyo |
| Ireyithi esemgangathweni | 22% | Izixhobo zombane, impahla, ifenitshala, oomatshini, uninzi lweempahla ezenziweyo |
| Ukuncipha kwenqanaba | 10% | Ukutya okuthile, izinto eziluncedo, ezinye iinkonzo zokwakha |
| Izinga elincitshiswe kakhulu | 5% | Izinto ezithile zempilo kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo |
| Ixabiso eliphantsi | 4% | Ukutya okusisiseko, iincwadi, amayeza, iincwadi zesikolo |
Umthombo: I-Arhente yeNgeniso yase-Italian (i-Agenzia delle Entrate), imithetho ye-VAT ye-EU yase-Italy, ngo-Epreli ka-2026.
Ukongeza ekufumaneni i-VAT, ukuthunyelwa kwe-B2B kubathengi base-Itali kunzima kakhulu xa kufikwa kwirhafu. Kuzo zonke iintengiselwano ze-B2B ngaphakathi e-Itali, amashishini kufuneka asebenzise inkqubo ye-invoyisi ye-elektroniki ye-Sistema di Interscambio (SDI). Xa bethenga iimpahla kwamanye amazwe, abathengi base-Itali banokucela ukuba i-invoyisi yorhwebo yomthengisi ibandakanye iCodice Destinatario yabo, eyikhowudi ye-SDI yokuhambisa inkqubo yabo ye-invoyisi ye-elektroniki. Oku akuyomfuneko kwizithethe ze-EU, kodwa ukuba awuyilandeli, kunokwenza kube nzima kumthengi wase-Itali ukufumana i-VAT yakhe kwaye kubangele iingxaki kubudlelwane beshishini.
Iinkampani ezivela ngaphandle kwe-EU ezithutha i-DDP ziye e-Itali kwaye zingenalo ubhaliso lweshishini lase-Itali kufuneka ziqeshe ummeli wezemali, ongumbutho obhalisiweyo wasekuhlaleni onoxanduva lweemfuno ze-VAT zase-Itali. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kugqitywe ukubuyiswa kwe-VAT yokungenisa kwaye kubuyiselwe i-VAT engenayo ukuba bayafaneleka. Le yimfuno esemthethweni, ayilokhetho lolawulo. Ukuba awunayo indawo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwe-DDP yokuqala, unokuba noxanduva, olunokuba nzima kwaye lubize kakhulu ukuphuma kulo.
Impazamo #8 — Ukuphoswa yiSibhengezo sesishwankathelo soNgeniso lwe-ICS2
Ukusukela ngo-Epreli 2025, iNkqubo yoLawulo lokuNgenisa iMpahla 2 (ICS2) ye-EU ibisebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zothutho ezingena kwi-EU, kwanothutho lwaselwandle. Ngaphambi kokuba imithwalo ilayishwe kwinqwelomoya okanye enqanaweni imithwalo yolwandle, I-ICS2 ifuna ukuba kwenziwe iSibhengezo sesishwankathelo soNgeniso (i-ENS) ngekhompyutha. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ifike kwizibuko lokuqala le-EU. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-ENS kufuneka ingeniswe kwaye ivunywe ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa imise iinqanawa ukuze ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe esuka eTshayina ukuya eGenoa okanye kwamanye amazibuko ase-Itali.
Ukuba ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ICS2 kuyasilela, umthwali, umthengisi werhafu, okanye umngenisi akanakutshintsha umyalelo wokungalayishi okanye wokungalayishi. Akukho xesha lokulungisa idatha engaphelelanga okanye ukwenza umahluko. Ubuncinane, i-ENS kufuneka iyazi inkcazo echanekileyo yeempahla, ikhowudi ye-HS kwinqanaba leenombolo ezi-6, ilizwe lemvelaphi, i-EORI yomthumeli, kunye nolwazi lomthumeli. Iinkcazo ezingacacanga kakhulu okanye ezibanzi, ezifana "nempahla eqhelekileyo" okanye "iimpahla ezahlukeneyo," azisayi kuvunyelwa kwaye ziya kukhokelela ekubeni isibhengezo siphumelele ekuqinisekisweni.
Abathumeli bempahla baseTshayina kufuneka banike umthengisi wempahla okanye umthengisi wempahla oya kujongana nolwazi oluchanekileyo nolupheleleyo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla e-Itali ngaphambi kokuba impahla ilayishwe eTshayina. Awunakuthumela uluhlu lokupakisha olucwangcisiweyo emva kokuba inqanawa ihambile. Naliphi na iqabane lezothutho elingaqinisekanga ukuba iimpahla ezihambelana ne-EU zilandela imithetho ye-ICS2 libeka abathengi balo emngciphekweni wokulibaziseka ixesha elide.
Isalathiso Esikhawulezileyo: Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Ngokujonga Nje
| Impazamo eqhelekileyo | Kwenzeka Ntoni Ngokwenene | Ungayilungisa njani |
| Ikhowudi ye-HS engalunganga okanye engacacanga | Iflegi yerhafu ezenzekelayo; ukuvavanywa ngokutsha kwerhafu; uhlolo olunokwenzeka | Sebenzisa isiseko sedatha se-EU TARIC ukuqinisekisa ikhowudi enamanani asi-8 ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ngakunye |
| Ukungaxatyiswa kwexabiso eliphantsi kwi-invoyisi | Ukuthunyelwa kubanjwe; uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-CIF; uphando lwezohlwayo kunye nobuqhetseba | Chaza ixabiso lokwenyani lentengiselwano kuquka imithwalo kunye ne-inshurensi |
| Inombolo ye-EORI ayikho okanye ayisebenzi | Iimpahla zivaliwe emdeni; iifizi zokugcina zemihla ngemihla ziyaqokelelana | Bhalisa kwi-Agenzia delle Dogane ngaphambi kokuba uthunyelwe okokuqala; qinisekisa kwi-portal ye-EU |
| Akukho maxwebhu okubonisa uphawu lwe-CE/angekhoyo | Ukuvalelwa phantsi kovavanyo lwemarike; iimpahla ziyaliwa okanye zibuyiselwe | Fumana iSibhengezo se-EU sokuVumelana kunye nophawu lwe-CE ngaphambi kokuthumela ngaphandle |
| Isatifikethi se-EUR.1 singenisiwe (asisebenzi eTshayina) | Ibango lomsebenzi wokukhetha liyaliwe; ixabiso eliqhelekileyo leTARIC lisetyenzisiwe | Sebenzisa iSatifikethi seMvelaphi esingakhethiyo (i-CCPIT okanye igumbi elikhutshiweyo) |
| Akukho sishwankathelo sokungeniswa ngaphambi kokufika (ukungathobeli imithetho ye-ICS2) | Umyalelo wokuba ungalayishi ukhutshwe ngaphambi kokuba kuhanjwe; ukuthunyelwa kumisiwe | Isibhengezo sesishwankathelo soNgeniso lweFayile (ENS) ngaphambi kokufika kwenqanawa njengoko kufuneka yi-ICS2 |
| Ukungayinaki imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma | Iibhili ezinkulu zerhafu ezingalindelekanga; izohlwayo; amanyathelo omthetho nxamnye nomngenisi welizwe | Jonga i-EU TARIC ukuze ufumane amaxabiso e-ADD kwimveliso yakho ethile ngaphambi kokuba ucaphule abathengi |
Le theyibhile inika umbono okhawulezileyo kuphela. Soloko uqinisekisa iimfuno zangoku kunye nomthengisi werhafu wase-Itali onelayisenisi okanye umthengisi wempahla ngaphambi kokuba uthunyelwe.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa KweTopway Okunceda Ngayo Abathumeli Bamanye Amazwe BaseTshayina Ukuba Bayifumane Kulungile
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, ibingumnikezeli ofanelekileyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukususela ngo-2010. Bayazi yonke ikhonkco le-logistics ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Iqela elisunguleyo linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla. I-Topway imisele iinkqubo zokusingatha inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo, ukusuka ekuthatheni iimpahla kwiifektri zaseTshayina ukuya ekuzigcineni kwamanye amazwe, ukucoca imithwalo, kunye nokuzihambisa kwindawo yazo yokugqibela.
I-Topway iphatha zombini iinkonzo zokuthutha iimpahla zaselwandle ezithwala imithwalo epheleleyo (i-FCL) kunye nemithwalo engaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (i-LCL) ukusuka kumazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina ukuya eGenoa, eLa Spezia, nakwezinye iindlela zase-Itali ezikwindlela ephakathi kweTshayina ne-Itali. Kodwa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yinto enye kuphela. Eyona nto iyenza iTopway yahluke kakhulu lulwazi lwempahla ethunyelwayo kuthutho ngalunye. Iqela lijonga iikhowudi ze-HS ngokuchasene nedathabheyisi ye-EU TARIC, imeko yobhaliso lwe-EORI kwicala lase-Itali, iimfuno zokuthobela i-CE kudidi lwemveliso, kunye nezibhengezo zesishwankathelo sokungeniswa kwangaphambili ukuze imithwalo yase-Itali iqale ukucubungula impahla ngaphambi kokuba ifike. Le nkqubo yokuhlaziya ngaphambi kokuba ihambe ayisiyonto isesikweni nje kuphela. Yiyo eyenza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kucace kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 ngokwahlukileyo kwiimpahla ezihlala eGenoa iiveki ezimbini kwaye kuqokelela imali yokugcina.
I-Topway ingenza uphononongo lokuthobela imithetho ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abatsha kwimarike yase-Itali okanye abaye baba neengxaki ngemirhumo kwiimpahla zangaphambili. Olu phononongo lujonga amaphepha akho, ukuhlelwa kwemveliso, kunye nokulungela komthengi wase-Itali ukuthenga impahla ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele kuyo nayiphi na impahla. Ngo-2026, xa imithetho iya isiba ngqongqo, akuyonto ilula ukuba neqabane lezothutho elaziyo zombini iindlela zokuthumela impahla ngaphandle zaseTshayina kunye necala lokungenisa impahla lase-Itali. Kugcina izinto zakho zihamba kwaye abathengi bakho bonwabile.
isiphelo
Amasiko ase-Itali ayisiyiyo imakethi enzima kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa ayohlwaya abantu abangalungiseleli ngokukhawuleza nangokungqongqo. Iimpazamo ezidweliswe kweli nqaku—iikhowudi ze-HS ezingalunganga, ii-invoyisi ezingaxatyiswanga, amanani e-EORI angekhoyo, amaxwebhu e-CE angekhoyo, izatifikethi zemvelaphi ezingachanekanga, iindleko zokungalahli impahla, i-VAT engathathwanga phantsi, kunye nezikhewu zokuthobela imithetho ye-ICS2—azizozinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi zizinto abathumeli bempahla baseTshayina abajongana nazo yonke imihla xa besiya e-Itali besebenzisa amaphepha afanayo abawasebenzisela ezinye iimarike.
Imithetho ka-2026 yenza kube nzima ukulandela imithetho, kungabi lula. Umda we-€150 ongahlawuliswayo uza kuphela ngoJulayi 1, kwaye ngoku kukho iirhafu zokuchasana nokulahla inkunkuma kwiimpahla zeseramikhi zaseTshayina ezingama-79 ekhulwini. I-ICS2 iza kuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zothutho. Oku kuthetha ukuba umgangatho wamaxwebhu ngoku uyimfuneko yeshishini elicwangcisiweyo, kungekuphela nje kwimigaqo yothutho. Yonke impahla ethunyelwa eGenoa okanye eNaples ilahlekelwa yimali kwiindleko zokugcina, ilimaza unxibelelwano nomthengi wase-Itali, kwaye kwezinye iimeko iqala uphando olwenza kube nzima ukungena kwimarike.
Ngowama-2026, abathumeli ngaphandle abaqhuba kakuhle kwindlela yaseTshayina nase-Itali bonke banento enye efanayo: baqinisekisa ukuba amaphepha achanekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kuhambe, kwaye bayasebenzisana namaqabane ezothutho ayaziyo imithetho kwaye anokunceda ngaloo nkqubo ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Olo tyalo-mali luzihlawulela amaxesha amaninzi ngokuthintela ukulibaziseka, izohlwayo, kunye nonxibelelwano lweshishini oluhlala luphucuka.
FAQs
Q: Ngaba abathengisi baseTshayina bafuna inombolo yabo ye-EORI ukuze bayithumele e-Itali?
A: Ukuba uthumela i-DDP (Delivered Duty Payed) kwaye ungumthumeli werekhodi e-Itali, uya kufuna i-EORI ebhalisiweyo kwi-Italian customs. Ekubeni ungenalo ishishini kwi-EU, uya kuyifumana le nto nge-Indirect Customs Representative okanye ummeli wezezimali. Ukuba uthumela i-DAP okanye i-CIF, umthengi wase-Itali ngumngenisi werekhodi kwaye unoxanduva lokubhalisa i-EORI yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ujonge ukuba iyasebenza ngaphambi kokuba uthumele ukuthunyelwa.
Q: Ingaba isatifiketi se-EUR.1 siyasebenza kwiimpahla zaseTshayina ezingena e-Itali?
A: Hayi. Kumazwe anezivumelwano zorhwebo olukhululekileyo ne-EU, i-EUR.1 sisiqinisekiso semvelaphi ethandwayo. Akukho sivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo phakathi kweTshayina ne-EU. Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa iSatifikethi seMvelaphi esingakhethiyo esivela kwi-CCPIT okanye kwigumbi lorhwebo laseTshayina elivunyiweyo.
Q: Ndingafumanisa njani ukuba imveliso yam iphantsi kwemiqathango yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma e-Itali?
A: Sebenzisa ikhowudi yakho ye-HS enamanani asi-8 kunye neTshayina njengelizwe lemvelaphi ukukhangela isiseko sedatha se-EU TARIC ku-ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric. Isiseko sedatha siza kubonisa zonke iindlela zokukhusela urhwebo ezikhoyo ngoku, kubandakanya i-ADD kunye nezinye iindlela, kunye namaxabiso athile kubavelisi xa efumaneka.
Q: Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iimpahla zam ziphawulwe yi-customs yase-Itali ukuze zihlolwe?
A: Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kugcinwa kwizibuko lokungena de kuhlolwe. Kwiimeko ezilula, ukuhlolwa ngokwasemzimbeni kungathatha usuku olunye ukuya kwezintlanu zokusebenza. Ukuba amaphepha awanelanga okanye ukuba kufuneka uphando lwengcali, angathatha ixesha elide. Yonke imihla, amaxabiso okugcina impahla eGenoa nakwamanye amazibuko ase-Itali ayanyuka. Ukuba nomthengisi werhafu wase-Itali ofanelekileyo okanye umthengisi wempahla ohlala kwizibuko lokungena kuyakhawulezisa inkqubo yokusombulula iingxaki kakhulu.
Q: I-Topway Shipping inceda njani ekuthobeleni imithetho yerhafu yase-Itali?
A: Ngaphambi kokuba ulayishe naziphi na iimpahla eTshayina, iTopway ijonga iikhowudi ze-HS, imeko yobhaliso lwe-EORI, iimfuno zokumakisha i-CE, kunye namaxwebhu emvelaphi. Iqela lifaka iingxelo zesishwankathelo sokungeniswa kwangaphambili kwaye lisebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo namagosa erhafu ase-Itali ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zicacile ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo. Ungafumana iinkonzo ze-FCL kunye ne-LCL kwiindawo eziphambili zase-Itali, kwaye ukususwa kwerhafu kusingathwa ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni.
