I-Belt and Road ngo-2026: Ingabe uMzila we-China-Greece Usakhula?
Isingeniso
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kwakuyisinyathelo esivulekayo se-COSCO Shipping yaseShayina ukuthenga isabelo esikhulu ePiraeus Port yaseGrisi eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi edlule, ngesikhathi iGrisi isenkingeni. Ngo-2026, leso sivumelwano esisodwa sesibe yisikhungo esingokomfanekiso se-Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) eYurophu. Kuyisibonelo sangempela sendlela i-diplomacy yengqalasizinda yaseShayina esebenza ngayo.
Kodwa unyaka ka-2025 uthole inhlanganisela yamamaki amahle namabi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubandakanyeka kwe-BRI emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lama-USD 213.5 billion ezinkontilekeni zokwakha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, okuwukukhuphuka okungu-19% enanini lezivumelwano uma kuqhathaniswa no-2024. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenziwa kwe-Piraeus Container Terminal kwehle ngo-6% unyaka nonyaka kwafinyelela cishe ku-3.98 million TEU. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lo mzila ubhekene nezinselelo zangempela, yize usabalulekile ngokweqhinga. Njengoba singena ku-2026, umbuzo omkhulu awukona nje ukuthi umzila we-China-Greece usakhula yini. Kungukuthi futhi ukuthi uyashintsha ngezindlela eziwugcina ubalulekile ezweni lapho i-geopolitics ishintsha khona, imithetho ye-EU iya ngokuya iqina, kanti nezinye izindawo zaseMedithera zihlala zizama ukukudlula.
Le ndatshana ibheka isimo samanje sendlela ngemininingwane emisha, ichaze izinkinga, futhi ikhulume ngokuthi konke kusho ukuthini kubathumeli, izinkampani zezokuthutha, nanoma ubani omunye othutha izimpahla phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu.
I-BRI ngo-2026: Unyaka Oqophayo Ngezinkanyezi
Idatha yango-2025 iyathakazelisa kakhulu. I-Green Finance & Development Center eFudan University ithi selokhu kwaqala i-BRI ngo-2013, iShayina isebenzise isamba esingu-USD 1.399 trillion kuyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-USD 837 billion ekwakheni kanye nama-USD 561 billion ekutshalweni kwezimali okuqondile. Isamba sonyaka sango-2025 sasingu-USD 213.5 billion, okwakungaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye unyaka. Lokhu kwakubangelwa kakhulu ukuthengiselana eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eGulf, nase-Afrika kwamandla, izimayini, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha.
Kusukela ngoJuni 2025, inethiwekhi yesitimela i-China-Europe Railway Express ixhumanisa amadolobha aseShayina angu-128 namadolobha angu-229 emazweni angu-26 aseYurophu. Iphakela imithwalo eya nokubuya emzileni wasolwandle. Leyo nethiwekhi yesitimela isikhule kakhulu njengesisekelo semizila yasolwandle, ikakhulukazi njengoba izinkinga oLwandle Olubomvu zenze izinkampani zezindiza ziphinde zihlole izinhlelo zazo zomzila ka-2024 no-2025.
Kodwa indlela iyonke ye-BRI eYurophu iyinkinga kakhulu. Ukuphuma ngokusemthethweni kwe-Italy ngoDisemba 2023 kwaba yinguquko enkulu, futhi ngo-2026, imephu yezepolitiki yayisinciphile kakhulu. YiGrisi, iPortugal, neSerbia kuphela ezisenamaphrojekthi amakhulu asebenzayo emazweni ayi-17 angamalungu e-EU ayesayine amamemoranda okuqonda e-BRI. Umthetho Wokuhlola Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Okuqondile Kwangaphandle we-EU, owaqala ukusebenza ngo-2019, ucishe wamisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha kwaseShayina emachwebeni, kumagridi kagesi, kanye nasezokuxhumana ezindaweni eziningi ze-bloc.
| I-Metric | 2024 | 2025 | Guqula |
| Ukuzibandakanya Komhlaba Wonke kwe-BRI (i-USD bn) | ~ 179 | 213.5 | +19% (amadili) |
| Amachweba e-COSCO Total Throughput (TEU) | 144.0m | 153.0m | + 6.2% YOY |
| Itheminali Yesitsha SePiraeus (TEU) | 4.23m | 3.98m | -6.0% YEBO |
| Imali engenayo ye-Piraeus Port Authority (€m) | 231 | 250.8 | + 8.6% YOY |
| Amadolobha Esitimela Ahamba Ngesivinini SaseShayina-Europe | ~ 120 | 128 (CN) / 229 (EU) | Kunwetshisiwe |
| Amazwe asebenzayo e-EU BRI MoU (amakhulu) | ~5 | 3 (GR, PT, RS) | Ukunciphisa |
Ithebula 1: Ama-BRI Ayisihluthulelo kanye nama-Piraeus Performance Metrics, 2024–2025
Ichweba lasePiraeus: Itshe Eliyigugu Elingaphansi Kwengcindezi
IPiraeus inendawo ekhethekile endabeni ye-BRI. Itholakala endaweni yokuhlangana kweYurophu, i-Asia, ne-Afrika, okwenza kube yindawo engcono kakhulu yokuthi izimpahla zaseShayina zingene ezimakethe zaseYurophu ngeSuez Canal. Imali ye-COSCO yashintsha ichweba elalinenkinga laya endaweni enkulu kunazo zonke yama-container empumalanga yeMedithera. Amabhizinisi aseShayina athembise ukufaka ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-350 ngqo engqalasizinda yechweba lapho ngo-2026, kanye nama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-200 kwamanye amaphrojekthi axhunywe emachwebeni.
Izibalo zezimali zePiraeus Port Authority ngo-2025 zembula indaba ethakazelisayo ngezingxenye ezimbili. I-PPA yenze irekhodi lokuthengisa elingu-€250.8 million, okuwukwenyuka okungu-8.6% kusukela ngonyaka odlule. I-Pier I yenze imali okokuqala ngqa. Imodeli yebhizinisi lechweba ishintshile, yingakho ithrafikhi yomkhumbi kanye nemisebenzi engekho ekhonteyini ikhule. Isikhungo samakhonteyini esiphethwe yi-COSCO Shipping Ports, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibone ukwehla okungu-6% komkhiqizo, kusuka ku-4.23 million TEU ngo-2024 kuya ku-3.98 million TEU ngo-2025.
I-COSCO ithe ukwehla kwalokhu kubangelwe kakhulu ukwehla kwesidingo sokudluliselwa kwezimpahla eMedithera, kodwa leyo ncazelo ingabuzwa. I-Tangier Med, umncintiswano oseduze kakhulu wePiraeus esifundeni, yanda ngo-8.4% phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo, yafinyelela ku-11.1 million TEU. Ibanga phakathi kwala machweba amabili liyakhula, futhi izinkampani zokuthumela impahla seziqala ukubona iTangier njengendawo engcono kakhulu yokudlulisa izimpahla ezivela eNtshonalanga Medithera. I-Piraeus iseyichweba elibaluleke kakhulu eMpumalanga Medithera kanye nenethiwekhi yokuhambisa impahla yase-Aegean, kodwa akuyona yodwa ekhona.
| Port | Umphumela Wokusebenza Ka-2025 (TEU) | I-YY Shintsha | Indima Eyinhloko |
| IPiraeus (COSCO PCT) | 3.98 abayizigidi ezingu | -6.0% | Ukudluliselwa kwemikhumbi kanye nesango lase-Eastern Med |
| I-Tangier Med (Morocco) | 11.1 abayizigidi ezingu | + 8.4% | Ukudluliselwa kwemikhumbi eWest Med nase-Atlantic |
| I-Valencia (Spain) | ~ 6.0 million | +~3% | Isango laseNingizimu Yurophu |
| I-Algeciras (eSpain) | ~ 5.5 million | Iqinile | Isikhungo seStrait of Gibraltar |
Ithebula 2: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwechweba Lama-container aseMedithera, 2025
Isigaba Sezepolitiki: Kungani IGrisi Ihlala Iyi-Anchor YaseYurophu YaseShayina
Ngisho noma i-EU ingabaza nge-BRI kanye nomkhankaso obanzi we-China wokwakha ingqalasizinda, iGrisi inamathele endleleni yayo esebenzayo. I-Athens ibilokhu ibheka iphrojekthi yePiraeus ngombono wezomnotho, igxile emisebenzini, imali engenayo yechweba, kanye nokuthunyelwa kweGrisi ezimakethe zase-Asia. Lokhu kuhlukile ohlakeni lokuncintisana olujwayelekile eBrussels, eBerlin naseWashington. Lezo zibalo azikashintshi kakhulu kusukela ngo-2026.
Ingcindezi yangaphandle ishintshile. Imithetho eshintshayo ye-EU yokutshalwa kwezimali ngqo kwangaphandle (i-FDI) kanye nezimemezelo ezikhulayo zaseShayina "zokulahla" ingqalasizinda ebalulekile kusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukukhula kokuba khona kwe-COSCO eGrisi kuzobhekwa ngokulawulwa okukhulu kunango-2016, lapho isivumelwano sandiswa. Ukuphuma kwe-Italy kwi-BRI, i-Global Gateway ye-EU eqoqa ama-€300 billion ngo-2027, kanye ne-US ekhuthaza ngenkuthalo abalingani baseYurophu ukuba basuke engqalasizinda yaseShayina konke kushintshe isimo sezepolitiki kuleli zwekazi. Lokhu kwenze umsebenzi weGrisi oqhubekayo ne-COSCO waba sobala kakhulu.
Kodwa indawo kanye nomnotho waseGrisi kwenza kube nzima ukuhamba nje. IPiraeus iletha imali yangempela, idala imisebenzi yangempela, futhi ixhumanisa ukuhweba kwangempela. Abanikazi bemikhumbi baseGrisi, abaphethe imikhumbi emikhulu yezentengiselwano emhlabeni, banokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi nabakhi bemikhumbi baseShayina kanye nezinkampani ezithwala imikhumbi okuye kwahlala amashumi eminyaka. IShayina iseyindawo ethandwayo yemikhumbi enamafulegi aseGrisi. Izitatimende zezombusazwe zodwa azikwazi ukulungisa ubudlelwano njengoba buyinkimbinkimbi kangaka.
Kubantu baseBeijing abahlela i-BRI, iGrisi ingaphezu nje kokutshalwa kwezimali echwebeni; kuwubufakazi bokuthi lo mbono uyasebenza. Uma iPiraeus ingaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye esebenzayo, enenzuzo, nekhulayo yenethiwekhi yasolwandle, kufakazela ukuthi yonke ingxenye yecebo laseMedithera ingumqondo omuhle. Uma beyilahlekela noma beyibona iwela phansi, kungaba yinhlekelele enkulu ezinhlelweni zabo nasesithombeni sabo.
Ukuhamba Kwezohwebo: Yini Ehamba Emgwaqweni Ngempela
Umzila weChina-Greece awuyona nje indlela eyodwa; uwuhlelo olunezindlela eziningi oluxhumanisa izikhungo zokukhiqiza zaseShayina nezimakethe zabathengi baseYurophu ngolwandle, ngesitimela, nangomgwaqo. Umzila oyinhloko wokuthumela usuka emachwebeni amakhulu aseShayina njengeShanghai, iNingbo, neQingdao udlula eStrait of Malacca, uwele uLwandlekazi i-Indian, udlule eSuez Canal, bese ungena ePiraeus. Ukusuka ePiraeus, amaloli nezitimela zithwala imithwalo ziye ezindaweni zaseBalkans, eYurophu Ephakathi, nangale kwalokho.
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, uhlobo lwezimpahla ebezihamba kulo mzila lushintshe kakhulu. Izimoto zikagesi zaseShayina, amabhethri e-lithium, namaphaneli elanga - lokho iBeijing ekubiza ngokuthi izimboni "Ezintathu Ezintsha" - manje kumelela isabelo esikhulayo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eYurophu ngamakhonteyina. Abathumeli baya ngokuya benesithakazelo ekhwalithini yechweba kanye nokuxhumana kwamanye amazwe ngoba lezi zinto zinenani eliphezulu, zithinta isikhathi, futhi zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela. IPiraeus ifake imali ekuphathweni kwemithwalo okusebenzayo kanye nochwepheshe ukuze ithole lo mgwaqo, kodwa imiphumela ixubekile kuze kube manje.
Izimpahla zezolimo zaseGrisi, iwayini, namafutha omnqumo ziya eShayina ngomhubhe lapho zibuya. Kodwa-ke, inani lisalokhu lincane uma liqhathaniswa nokugeleza okuvela e-Asia kuya eYurophu. Ukuntuleka kokuhweba komhubhe kufana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kweShayina neYurophu futhi kuseyinkinga yesakhiwo.
| Isigaba Sokuhweba | Ukuqondiswa Kokugeleza | 2025 Ithrendi | Imikhiqizo ebalulekile |
| Izimpahla zabathengi | I-China → IYurophu | Ukukhula okuzinzile | Izinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi, izindwangu |
| Ubuchwepheshe be-EV kanye noboluhlaza | I-China → IYurophu | Ukukhula okusheshayo | Ama-EV, amabhethri, amaphaneli elanga |
| Imikhiqizo yezolimo | IYurophu → China | Isizotha, esizinzile | Amafutha omnqumo, iwayini, ubisi |
| Ama-Raw material | AmaBalkans → IShayina | Ukukhula ngesitimela | Amaminerali, izinsimbi |
| Imithwalo yokuthutha | I-Asia → Amachweba okudla kwe-Medi | Ukwehla ePiraeus | Izitsha ezixubile |
Ithebula 3: Ukugeleza Okubalulekile Kwezohwebo Emzileni We-China-Greece, 2025
Ukuncintisana Nezinye Izindlela: I-BRI Ayiseyona Yodwa
Selokhu kwaqala i-BRI ngo-2013, olunye lwezinguquko ezinkulu kube ukwanda kwezindlela ezithembekile. Iphrojekthi ye-Global Gateway ye-EU iqoqe imali yangempela—ama-€300 billion ngo-2027—ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda emhlabeni wonke ezindaweni ezifaka ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, amandla, ezokuthutha, ezempilo kanye nemfundo. Kusukela ngo-2021, i-G7's Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment iqoqe imali engaphezu kwama-$60 billion. Ngo-2027, inethemba lokuqoqa ama-$200 billion. Uhlelo lwe-Quality Infrastructure lwaseJapan luthembise imali engaphezu kwama-$300 billion kumaphrojekthi ase-Asia. Lokhu akuseyona nje imibono esephepheni; manje balwela ngenkuthalo ohulumeni bamazwe afanayo abamukelayo i-BRI ezama ukuyithola.
I-India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), eyembulwa ngesikhathi sengqungquthela ye-G20 ka-2023, iphakamisa umzila wezindlela eziningi oxhumanisa amachweba aseNdiya neYurophu ngeGulf kanye nezixhumanisi zesitimela kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lo mzila uhloselwe iMedithera. I-IMEC ibe nokubambezeleka okuningi, okunye kwakho kungenxa yempi yamanje eGaza. Kodwa-ke, iyindlela ehlukile eqondile yomzila wasolwandle we-BRI ngeSuez Canal kanye nePiraeus. Uma i-IMEC ingasebenza, ingase ithathe imithwalo eminingi ukusuka emzileni weChina-Greece ngokunikeza amachweba aseYurophu umthombo ohlukile wase-Asia wesidingo sokungenisa impahla.
Asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngokuguquguquka kokuncintisana okukhona eMedithera uqobo. Ngoba ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kweTangier Med, ukukhula okuzinzile kweValencia, kanye namachweba ase-Italy i-Adriatic aseTrieste naseGenoa, wonke athola utshalomali oluthile lwe-EU kanye nolwangasese, uPiraeus kufanele asebenze kanzima ukuthola yonke izingcingo ezinkulu azitholayo. UDrewry uthi ukukhula komkhiqizo wama-container emhlabeni wonke kuzokwehla kube ngu-1.8% kuphela ngo-2026. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imakethe ayithuthuki ngokushesha ngokwanele ukusiza wonke amachweba. Kuzoba nokulwa okwengeziwe ngamasheya.
Indlela Abathumeli Abangahamba Ngayo Emhubheni ngo-2026
Kwabangenisi nabathumeli bezimpahla abathutha izimpahla phakathi kweShayina neYurophu, umzila weChina neGrisi useyindlela enhle yokuthutha izimpahla, kodwa udinga ukulungiswa okucophelela kakhulu kunaseminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Njengoba imikhumbi ishintsha umzila wayo oLwandle Olubomvu, izindlela zokuminyana kwemikhumbi zishintshile. Ukuhamba kwezimoto eSuez Canal sekubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile, kanti iPiraeus iseyindlela enhle yokukhetha izimpahla eziya eNingizimu-mpumalanga kanye naseCentral Europe ngoba inesikhathi esifushane sokuthutha.
Abathumeli kufanele bazi ukuthi izinsizakalo zabathwali bezindiza abasebenzisa iPiraeus njengechweba labo elikhulu lokukhipha imikhumbi zihlala zilula. Ngemuva kokusungulwa kweGemini Cooperation kanye nokunye ukulungiswa kwenethiwekhi ngo-2024-2025, izinhlangano eziningana ezinkulu bezilokhu zishintsha izintambo zazo zase-Asia-Europe. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi yimiphi imizila emikhulu esamile ePiraeus nokuthi yimiphi okungenzeka ukuthi ithuthele izindawo zayo ezinkulu zaseMedithera kwamanye amachweba.
Izindaba ezinhle kubathengisi ukuthi ukuncintisana phakathi kwePiraeus, iTangier, kanye nezinye izikhumulo zemikhumbi zaseMedithera kugcine amazinga okuthutha impahla kanye nezimali zokuphatha ziphansi kakhulu. Umgomo wokuqala we-BRI wawuhlanganisa ukuxhumana okungcono kwezitimela ukusuka ePiraeus kuya eBalkans. Lokhu kwenze kwaba ukukhetha okungcono kokuthumela izimpahla eSerbia, eHungary nakwezinye izindawo.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okukusiza Ngayo Ukuthutha Impahla Emzileni Ophakathi Kwase-China neYurophu
Kuyinto eyodwa ukuqonda isithombe esikhulu se-BRI kanye nomzila ophakathi kweShayina neGrisi. Kuyinto ehlukile ukuhambisa izimpahla ngokushesha. Yilapho ozakwethu abanekhono lokuthutha bengena khona, futhi iTopway Shipping ibilokhu ikwenza lokho kusukela ngo-2010.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen futhi yasungulwa yithimba elineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni kwezokuthutha kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla zangaphandle, ligxile ezixazululweni zemithwalo egcwele kanye nezokuthutha ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele. Izimpande zeqembu ziseShayina kanti i-US Transportation ingenye yezindlela zokuhweba ezinzima kakhulu neziyinkimbinkimbi emhlabeni. Amakhono afanayo, isiyalo sokusebenza, kanye nokugxila ekuhambisaneni nemithetho okwenza isevisi ye-Topway yase-US ibe yinhle nakho kuyasebenza emizileni ye-China-Europe, kufaka phakathi izimpahla ezidlula ePiraeus bese ziya ezimakethe zaseYurophu.
I-Topway ithumela imithwalo yasolwandle isuka eShayina iye emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi amachweba aseMedithera. Anikeza izinsizakalo zomthwalo ogcwele (i-FCL) kanye nomthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL). Lolu hlobo lokuguquguquka lubaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini ze-e-commerce kanye nabangenisi abaphakathi nendawo abangenazo njalo izimpahla ezanele zokugcwalisa isitsha kodwa abadinga isevisi ethembekile, elula ukuyilandelela, futhi esusa amasiko endaweni oya kuyo. Uhla oluphelele lwezinsizakalo zenkampani luhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kokuqala, okwakwamanye amazwe kugcinwa, ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yasekhaya, kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okufika ekugcineni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangakwazi ukusingatha lonke uhambo kusukela esangweni lefektri eShayina kuya kumthengi wokugcina eYurophu.
Lapho umzila we-China-Greece ubhekene nezinselelo ezifana nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwe-Piraeus kanye nokuqapha kwemithetho ye-EU, akuyona into yokunethezeka ukuba nomlingani wezokuthutha owazi kokubili uhlangothi lokuthumela ngaphandle lwaseShayina kanye nomfanekiso wokuthobela imithetho yokungenisa impahla eYurophu. Kubalulekile ukuze kube nomncintiswano. I-Topway Shipping isebenzisa womabili la makhono kukho konke ukuthunyelwa.
| Izikhungo | Incazelo | Okufanelekile Ku- |
| I-FCL Ocean Freight | Imithwalo egcwele yamakhonteyina esuka eShayina iye emachwebeni e-EU/Med | Abangenisi abaphezulu, abathengi be-B2B |
| I-LCL Ocean Freight | Ukuthunyelwa okuhlanganisiwe kwemithwalo emincane | Ukuhweba nge-inthanethi, abathumeli be-SME |
| Ezokuthutha Ezihamba Phambili | Ukusuka efektri kuya echwebeni eShayina | Bonke abathumeli abadinga ukulandwa ngaphakathi ezweni |
| Imvume yokuba okuthile kwenzeke | Ukuthobela imithetho yokungenisa impahla emachwebeni okuya kuwo | Amachweba ePiraeus, i-EU gateway |
| Overseas Warehousing | Isitoreji kanye nokugcwaliswa eduze nendawo oya kuyo | Abathengisi be-e-commerce eYurophu |
| Ukulethwa kwe-Last-Mile | Ukulethwa kweminyango kuzo zonke izimakethe zaseYurophu | Imikhiqizo ye-DTC, amapulatifomu e-commerce |
Ithebula 4: Izinsizakalo Eziyinhloko Zokuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Zomzila We-China-Europe
Ukubheka Phambili: Ingabe Umzila Usakhula?
Impendulo eqotho iwukuthi kuncike kulokho okushoyo ngokukhula. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwama-container angavuthiwe ePiraeus, u-2025 wawuyisinyathelo sokubuyela emuva. Lo mzila usabaluleke kakhulu kokubili kwinqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseShayina kanye nomnotho waseGrisi maqondana nokubaluleka kwamasu kanye nokuzibophezela ekutshalweni kwezimali. Ngokuphathelene nenani lokuhweba, umzila ungase ushintshe ivolumu encane kodwa uthwale isisindo esikhulu sezomnotho ngeyunithi ngayinye, ikakhulukazi uma izimpahla ezinenani eliphakeme njenge-EV kanye nezinhlelo zebhethri zithatha indawo yezimpahla ezenziwe ezinenani eliphansi.
I-Green Finance & Development Center ithi ngo-2026, ukubandakanyeka kwe-Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) yaseShayina emhlabeni wonke kuzoba kuphansi kancane kunezinga lerekhodi elibekwe ngo-2025. Kuzoba nezivumelwano ezincane, kodwa izimayini, ukukhiqiza, kanye namandla aluhlaza kuzobe kusasebenza kakhulu. I-Piraeus node cishe izogxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhulisa indima yayo ezindaweni ezikude zaseGrisi esikhundleni sokuzama ukushaya izimbangi ezifana neTangier ngokwevolumu yokudluliselwa kwempahla engavuthiwe.
Indlela yesikhathi eside incike ezintweni eziningana: ukuthi ubudlelwano bezohwebo phakathi kwe-EU neChina buyaqina noma buya bube bubi ngenxa yokucindezela kukaTrump e-US ukuthi isebenzisane neChina; ukuthi isimo oLwandle Olubomvu siba ngcono noma sibi futhi siyaqhubeka nokuphoqelela izinguquko zomzila; nokuthi ngabe iPiraeus ingaheha isizukulwane esilandelayo sempahla enenani eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi kuma-EV kanye neziteshi zokuphakelwa kwezobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile, okushintsha ukuhweba phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu. Azikho kulezi zici eziqinisekile, kodwa zonke zikhomba umzila oshintshayo, ongasuki.
Isiphetho
Umzila we-China-Greece ngo-2026 uyisibonelo sokuqhubeka kweqhinga okubhekana nezinkinga zokusebenza. I-BRI ayikaze ibe nemali eningi efakwa kuyo emhlabeni wonke, kodwa eYurophu inciphile yaba ngabalingani abambalwa abazibophezele, kanti iGrisi iyinhloko. Ngisho noma inani lama-container ayo lehla ngo-2025 futhi ukuncintisana kwamanye amachweba kwaqina, iPiraeus iseyimpahla engqalasizinda yaseShayina ebaluleke kakhulu neyangempela eYurophu.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lo mzila ukhombisa ukuthi i-diplomacy yengqalasizinda iyisu lesikhathi eside. Kwakungakaze kucatshangwe ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-COSCO ePiraeus kuzothela izithelo embikweni owodwa wekota. Kwakuhloswe ukugcina ubukhona bemikhumbi yaseShayina eMedithera amashumi eminyaka, futhi kwenze lokho kanye. Ukuthi lo mzila “usakhula” kuncike endleleni owubheka ngayo: umthamo, inani, ukufinyelela kwamasu, noma ukuqina. Kula maphuzu amaningi, impendulo isenguyebo.
Umphumela osebenzayo ezinkampanini ezithutha imithwalo phakathi kweShayina neYurophu ulula: umzila uyasebenza, uyancintisana, futhi kulula ukuwusebenzisa. Kodwa-ke, uyabavuza abathumeli abasebenzisana nabalingani bezokuthutha abaziyo ukuthi bangabhekana kanjani nokushintsha kwawo. Izinkampani ezifana neTopway Shipping, enobudlelwano obuqinile neShayina futhi engakwazi ukusingatha imithwalo yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nochungechunge lonke lokuhlinzeka, ziyizinhlobo zabalingani abangenza umehluko phakathi kokuthunyelwa okungenazihibe kanye nokumangala okubizayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Ingabe iPiraeus iseyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke lama-container empumalanga yeMedithera?
A: Yebo. IPiraeus iseseyisikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sama-container empumalanga yeMedithera, yize umthamo wayo uzokwehla ngo-6% ngo-2025 uye kuma-TEU angaba yizigidi ezingu-3.98. Kuleso sifunda esincane, izimbangi zayo zesifunda eziseduze zisingatha ithrafikhi encane kakhulu, yize iTangier Med isiyidlulile ezikhundleni zokudluliselwa kwemikhumbi eMedithera.
Q: Ingabe iGrisi ihoxile ngokusemthethweni ku-Belt and Road Initiative?
A: Cha. IGrisi isenempahla enkulu ye-BRI kanye nobudlelwano bezomnotho ne-COSCO kanye nabatshalizimali baseShayina, kodwa i-Italy yahamba ngokusemthethweni ngoDisemba 2023. IGrisi, iPortugal, kanye neSerbia kusengabalingani ababalulekile be-EU BRI.
Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthumela kusuka eShayina kuya ePiraeus?
A: Isikhathi esivamile esithathwa umkhumbi ukusuka emachwebeni amakhulu aseShayina (eShanghai, eNingbo, eQingdao) ukuya ePiraeus ngeSuez Canal izinsuku ezingama-25 kuya kwezingama-35, kuye ngesevisi, ichweba lokusuka kulo, kanye nomzila. Ezinye izikhathi zokuhamba eCape of Good Hope zazinde ngenxa yezinkinga oLwandle Olubomvu ngo-2024 nango-2025. Hlola nomthumeli wakho wezimpahla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhathi zesevisi zisafana.
Q: Ingabe amabhizinisi amancane angayisebenzisa indlela yokuthumela impahla phakathi kweShayina neGrisi?
A: Vele. Amabhizinisi abo bonke osayizi angasebenzisa umzila ngenxa yezinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa i-LCL (umthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha). I-Topway Shipping nezinye izinkampani zezokuthutha zinikeza imithwalo ehlanganisiwe yolwandle esuka eShayina iye emachwebeni aseYurophu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusulwa kwempahla yamasiko kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ngisho namabhizinisi amancane e-e-commerce ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zawo.
U: Iyini inhloso yokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-BRI ngo-2026?
A: Abahlaziyi bacabanga ukuthi umsebenzi we-BRI waseShayina ngo-2026 uzoba ngaphansi kwezinga elirekhodiwe lama-USD 213.5 billion ngo-2025. Kuzoba nezivumelwano ezinkulu ezimbalwa, kodwa umsebenzi uzoqhubeka kumandla, izimayini, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Ukugxila kugxile ezinhlelweni ezincane, ezinamasu amaningi ezifanelana kangcono nezwe elisingatha futhi zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yamamodeli okuxhasa ngezimali.
