Imibhalo Yokukhishwa Kwekhabhoni Yezimpahla Eziboshelwe E-US: Kungani Abathengi Bakho Beqala Ukuyicela
Kukhona okushintshile buthule endleleni abathumeli baseMelika ababheka ngayo abahlinzeki babo baphesheya kwezilwandle. Umbuzo omusha uvela kakhulu ezinhlolovo zabathengisi, emihlanganweni yokuthola imali kanye nama-imeyili okuthenga, kanye namaphepha entengo kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizo: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza idatha yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni yokuthunyelwa kwakho?
Uma ungumthumeli wezimpahla waseShayina, umthengisi wezimpahla noma umuntu othumela impahla e-United States, lo mbuzo ungase ubonakale ungavamile. Awuzange ubonakale. Umphumela ongezansi weminyaka yokucindezela kwemithetho, izimfuno ze-ESG eziqhutshwa ngabatshalizimali kanye nokuguqulwa okuyisisekelo kwendlela izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezilandisa ngayo izinyathelo zazo zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Lokho okwakuhlala emnyangweni wokuzinza kwezinhlangano ezinkulu sekushintshele ekuthengeni impahla futhi ukunyakaza kuyashesha.
Le ndatshana ihlola ukuthi yini ngempela eqhuba isidingo samakhasimende sokuqinisekiswa kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekuthuthweni okuya e-US, ukuthi yimaphi amaphepha nezindinganiso ezihilelekile, indlela isimo sokulawula esakheka ngayo kanye nalokho okudingeka kwenziwe ngabathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina kanye nabahlinzeki bezokuthutha ukuze bahlale bencintisana. Yenzelwe ochwepheshe, hhayi izifundiswa, futhi isekelwe kuzikhathi zangempela zokulawula kanye namaphethini okuthenga athinta imakethe namuhla.
Isidingo Singokoqobo — Futhi Sivela Ekuthengeni, Hhayi Ezokuxhumana Nabantu
Enye indlela yokuthola umqondo walolu shintsho ukubheka ukuthi ingcindezi ivelaphi. Engxenyeni enkulu yeshumi leminyaka elidlule, izibopho zokuzinza kwezinkampani bezilokhu zingokuzithandela futhi zikhawulelwe kumawebhusayithi ezinkampani. Abaphathi bokuzinza babuze ngemikhiqizo ekhishwayo, hhayi abaqondisi be-supply chain. Lokho kushintshiwe.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lweMcKinsey lwango-2023, ama-73% abathengi be-B2B manje bakhetha abahlinzeki abangabonisa ukusebenza okuphansi kwekhabhoni. Muva nje, i-MIT's Center for Transportation and Logistics ibonise ukuthi ama-64% ezinhlangano afaka izinkomba zokusimama emakhadini abo okuhlola abahlinzeki uma kuqhathaniswa nama-38% ngo-2020. Lezi akuzona izinguquko ezincane. Zibonisa ushintsho oluhlelekile endleleni amaqembu okuthenga ahlolwa ngayo ngaphakathi - nokuthi athwala kanjani leyo ngcindezi yokuhlola iye kubaphakeli bawo.
Izinto ezimbili ezenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa manje zenza amaqembu okuthenga abe nendaba. Izinkampani zase-US ezinemisebenzi noma ukuthengisa e-European Union zidonswa ku-EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), edinga ukubika okuningiliziwe ngokukhishwa kwe-Scope 3, noma ukukhishwa kwe-spoke okungaqondile okwenzeka kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani lenkampani, okuhlanganisa nezokuthutha kanye nezokuthutha. Kumthengisi wase-US othenga izimpahla ezivela eShayina, umlenze wempahla yasolwandle ukusuka eShenzhen kuya eLos Angeles use-Scope 3 ngokuphelele. Uma inkampani ingakwazi ukubika, ayikwazi ukuthobela i-CSRD.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMthetho Wokuziphendulela Kwedatha Yenkampani Yesimo Sezulu (SB 253) waseCalifornia uzophoqa izinkampani ezenza ibhizinisi eCalifornia futhi zenze imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane zamaRandi ukushicilela ukukhishwa kwazo kwe-Scope 1 kanye ne-Scope 2 kusukela ngo-2026, kuyilapho ukudalulwa kwe-Scope 3 kufanele kwenzeke ngo-2027. Njengoba kunikezwe ubukhulu bemakethe yaseCalifornia kanye nokufinyelela komhlaba wonke kwezinkampani ezenza ibhizinisi lapho, lo mthetho wezinga lesifundazwe empeleni usube yindinganiso kazwelonke yamabhizinisi amakhulu. “Umyalezo kubaphakeli ulula. Uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokuthumela ezindaweni zethu zokugcina impahla, sidinga izinombolo zakho.
Ukuqonda Isimo Sokulawula: Okudingekayo Ngempela
Imibhalo ye-carbon igcwele ubunzima bokulawula, enezinhlaka eziningi ezihambisanayo, ububanzi obuhlukahlukene, izikhathi ezibekiwe, kanye nezinqubo zokuphoqelela umthetho. Lesi yisiqondiso esisebenzayo sezinkinga ezibalulekile zokuthutha impahla eya e-US.
Iphrothokholi ye-GHG kanye nobubanzi 3 Isigaba 4
I-GHG Protocol iyindinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokubala amagesi okushisa abangela ukushisa ezinkampanini. Ihlukanisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kube yizindawo ezintathu. I-Scope 1 ifaka ukukhishwa kwegesi okuqondile okuvela ezimpahleni eziphethwe yinkampani. I-Scope 2 ingugesi othengiwe. I-Scope 3 iyona eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo, konke ukukhishwa kwegesi okungaqondile ochungechungeni lwenani. Ngokukhethekile, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yasolwandle eShayina kuya e-US kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okufika ekugcineni yi-Scope 3 Isigaba 4 (Ukuthutha Okuphezulu Nokusatshalaliswa). Lapho umthengi ecela idatha yakho yokukhishwa kwegesi, ngokuvamile ufuna okuthile angakufaka ekubikeni kwakhe kwe-Scope 3 Isigaba 4.
I-ISO 14083 kanye ne-GLEC Framework
I-ISO 14083 (2023) ibeke indinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe yokubala nokubika ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuvela emisebenzini yezokuthutha. Inikeza indlela ehambisanayo yokubala i-CO2 ngethani-khilomitha lezindlela ezahlukene zokuthutha. Kwabathumeli kanye nabahlinzeki bezokuthutha, ukubalwa kokukhishwa kwegesi okusekelwe ku-ISO 14083, noma uHlaka Lomkhandlu Wezokuthutha Omhlaba (i-GLEC), sekuba yisilinganiso sokuthembeka. Abathengi bafuna izinombolo ezinendlela ezingemuva kwazo, hhayi ukuqagela okuvamile.
I-California SB 253 kanye neMithetho Yokudalulwa Kwesimo Sezulu ye-SEC
Kungacatshangelwa ukuthi inqubomgomo eyodwa yasekhaya yase-US esebenza kahle kakhulu yokucaca kokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo yeketanga labaphakeli yi-SB 253 yaseCalifornia. Ngaphansi kwesigatshana se-safe harbor, amabhizinisi amakhulu enza ibhizinisi eCalifornia kumele aqale ukubika i-Scope 1 kanye ne-Scope 2 ngo-2026, kuyilapho ukudalulwa kwe-Scope 3 kudingeka ngo-2027. I-US Securities and Exchange Commission iphinde yaphakamisa izidingo zokudalulwa kwesimo sezulu ezizodinga ukubikwa kwezingozi ezinkulu zesimo sezulu, okwengeza ekucindezelweni okuvela kubatshalizimali kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho. Lezi zinhlaka zidala isimo lapho ukungabikho kwedatha yokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo kuyingozi kwezentengiselwano kubathumeli baseMelika - futhi ngokwengeziwe, kubaphakeli babo baphesheya kwezilwandle.
| Umthethonqubo/Uhlaka | Amandla | Imfuneko Eyinhloko | Isikhathi Esibekiwe Esifanele |
| Iphrothokholi ye-GHG (Ububanzi 3) | Izinga Lomhlaba Wonke | Umbiko we-Scope 3 Ukukhishwa kwegesi kwezokuthutha okuphezulu | Isisekelo esiqhubekayo / sokuzithandela |
| ISO 14083 | Izinga Lomhlaba Wonke | Indlela yokubala ukukhishwa kwempahla ejwayelekile | Kusebenza kusukela ngo-2023 |
| I-EU CSRD | I-EU / ithinta abathumeli baseMelika e-EU | Ukudalulwa Okuphoqelekile Kwesilinganiso 3 sezinkampani ezinkulu | Izinkampani ezinkulu: 2024–2025 |
| I-California SB 253 | California, eU.SA | Ububanzi 1 no-2 ngo-2026; Ububanzi 3 ngo-2027 | 2026-2027 |
| Ukudalulwa Kwesimo Sezulu se-SEC | I-USA (ehlongozwayo) | Ukubika ngengozi yesimo sezulu okubalulekile | Umthetho oguqukayo / obuyekezwayo |
| I-EU CBAM | I-EU (umthelela ongaqondile wase-US) | Isimemezelo sokukhishwa komoya okufakiwe kwezimpahla ezingenisiwe | Ukuphoqelelwa okugcwele ngo-2026 |
Ukuthi Imibhalo Yokukhishwa Kwekhabhoni Ibukeka Kanjani Empeleni Emsebenzini
Abathumeli abaningi bamazwe angaphandle bathola igama elithi “imibhalo yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni” lizwakala lingaqondakali. Empeleni, lisho isethi ethile yedatha kanye nemibiko yokuthi umhlinzeki wokuthumela noma wezokuthutha angakha futhi axhumane nabathengi bakhe. Imibhalo eceliwe kakhulu iwela ezinhlotsheni ezintathu.
Owokuqala umbiko wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezingeni lokuthunyelwa, olinganisa inani le-CO2 elinganayo (CO2e) ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwempahla ethile. Ezimpahla zasolwandle ezivela eShayina ziya e-US, lokhu kusho ukuphindaphinda isisindo sempahla kanye nebanga elihanjwa yi-emission factor (ngokuvamile emelelwa ngamagremu e-CO2 nge-ton-kilometer, noma i-gCO2/ton-km). Isitsha esijwayelekile sempahla yolwandle esivela eShenzhen siya eLos Angeles singamamayela angama-11,000 kuya kwangu-12,000 olwandle. Ezimpahla ezingamathani ayi-10, isithwali esikhipha i-15-20 gCO2/ton-km singakhipha phakathi kwamathani angu-3.3 kuya kwangu-4.4 e-CO2 kulowo mlenze kuphela. Umlenze wokugcina wokulethwa - ngokuvamile ngeloli elisuka echwebeni liye endaweni yokugcina - unikela ngokukhishwa okwengeziwe futhi wenza cishe u-40% we-CO2 iyonke ehlobene ne-logistics, ezinye izilinganiso zibonisa.
Esesibili isilinganiso se-Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) ezingeni lomthwali. I-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) isungule uhlelo lwe-CII olubeka amazinga emikhumbi yasolwandle kusukela ku-A kuya ku-E ngokukhishwa kwayo kwe-CO2 ngemayela ngalinye lempahla. Uma umkhumbi unesilinganiso se-D iminyaka emithathu ilandelana, noma isilinganiso se-E ngonyaka owodwa, kudingeka isinyathelo sokulungisa. Isilinganiso se-CII somkhumbi othwala impahla yawo sibhekwa kakhulu ngabathumeli njengommeleli wekhwalithi yokukhishwa kwempahla yabo yasolwandle. Umbuzo ophathelene nesilinganiso se-CII somkhumbi osetshenzisiwe uvumelekile ocelwe umthengi ukuthi noma yimuphi umhlinzeki wempahla ohloniphekile kufanele akwazi ukuwuphendula.
Isigaba sesithathu yisifinyezo sokukhishwa kwempahla minyaka yonke, okuyisifinyezo sayo yonke idatha yokukhishwa kwempahla ezingeni lokuthunyelwa kwesikhathi sokubika. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokudalulwa kwenkampani minyaka yonke kwe-Scope 3. Lena yidatha abathengi abafaka imibiko ye-CSRD noma abalungiselela isidingo sokuthobela imithetho ye-California SB 253 ngendlela ehlolwayo neqinisekiswayo.” Isibalo esisodwa sodwa, ngaphandle kwemibhalo yendlela, asanele – abathengi kudingeka baqonde ukuthi izinombolo zitholwe kanjani, yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe nokuthi ngabe umuntu wesithathu uyihlolile yini indlela.
Iqiniso Lokuthunyelwa Kwasolwandle: Kungani Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Kuhlukahluka Kakhulu Kunalokho Abathumeli Abaningi Abakuqaphelayo
Indawo engaziwa kahle yokubika ngekhabhoni yempahla ihlobene nokuthi kungakanani ukukhishwa kwegesi okungase kuhluke kuye ngomzila, imikhumbi, inkampani kanye nesimo sezombusazwe emizileni yokuhweba. Ukuthuthwa kwezitsha zasemanzini emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu ekukhishweni kwegesi ngekhabhoni ngo-2024, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yemikhumbi eyayishintsha umzila izungeze iCape of Good Hope ngemuva kokwanda kwengxabano eLwandle Olubomvu. Umsebenzi wezokuthutha - inani lempahla ngamathani liphindaphindwe ngamamayela olwandle ahamba ngesikebhe - lenyuke ngo-18% ngo-2024 kusukela onyakeni odlule, ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-Xeneta kanye ne-Marine Benchmark, okwandisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngokufanele.
Lesi sizinda sibalulekile ngoba sibonisa ukuthi umthumeli osebenzise isithwali esifanayo kanye nomzila ofanayo ngo-2023 nango-2024 angaba kanjani nezibalo zokukhishwa kwegesi ezihluke kakhulu eminyakeni emibili, ngaphandle kwephutha lakhe. Umthengi ohlakaniphile kulokhu uzothola umehluko. Kodwa futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulayo komlingani wezokuthutha ongakwazi ukubala, ukuchaza nokubhala phansi lezi zinguquko.
Ngokusho kwe-IMO's 2023 GHG Strategy, kunezinhloso eziphakathi zokunciphisa ukuqina kwekhabhoni ngo-40% ngo-2030 kanye nomgomo wesikhathi eside we-net zero ngaphambi noma cishe ngo-2050. Ezokuthutha zasemanzini zifakiwe ku-EU Emissions Trading System, ezidinga ukuthi imigqa yokuthumela inikeze izimvume zekhabhoni - okwamanje intengo yayo iphakathi kwama-euro angu-80 kuya kwangu-100 ($85-$106) ngethani ngalinye le-CO2 - ukuze kube nesabelo esikhulayo sokukhishwa kwayo. Lezi zindleko zidluliselwa kubathumeli ngendlela ye-Carbon Adjustment Factors emananini empahla. Labo bathwali abanezilinganiso eziphakeme ze-CII bangakhokhisa izakhiwo zenkokhelo ezihlukile, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuba yinkinga ekuthengweni kwempahla, hhayi nje ekubikeni kokusimama.
| Indlela Yokuhamba | Isici Esijwayelekile Sokukhishwa Kwegesi (gCO2/ton-km) | Ukuqina Kwekhabhoni Okuhlobene | Isikhathi Sokuthutha (e-China ukuya e-US) |
| Ukuthutha Olwandle (Okujwayelekile) | 10-20 g | Phansi kakhulu | Izinsuku eziyi-25-35 |
| Impahla Yasolwandle (Idluliselwa kabusha ngeCape) | 20-35 g | Okuphansi–Okuphakathi (kuncike emzileni) | Izinsuku eziyi-35-50 |
| Isitimela (ingxenye yeShayina-Europe) | 20-40 g | Medium | Izinsuku eziyi-30-45 |
| I-Air Freight | 500-900 g | Phezulu kakhulu | Izinsuku eziyi-3-7 |
| Iloli Elihamba Ngesivinini Esiphezulu (e-US) | 80-150 g | Kuphezulu ngekhilomitha | Izinsuku eziyi-1-5 |
Indlela Abathumeli Bempahla BaseShayina Nabathuthi Bempahla Okufanele Baphendule Ngayo
Umbuzo osebenzayo kunoma yimuphi umhlinzeki wezokuthutha waseShayina noma wezokuthutha osebenza emakethe yase-US uthi: wenzani ngempela ngalokhu? Isixazululo siyinhlanganisela yengqalasizinda yedatha, ikhono lokubhala imibhalo kanye nomlingani ofanele wezokuthutha.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola ukuthi yini ngempela engayilethayo i-travel forwarder yakho ekhona. Iningi le-travel forwarder alinayo imibiko yokukhishwa kwempahla ehambisana ne-ISO 14083 kuphothifoliyo yalo yesevisi evamile. Uma ungakwazi ukunikeza izibalo ze-CO2 ezingeni lokuthunyelwa ngesitatimende sendlela ecacile, kuyisikhala esizobonakala kakhulu njengoba amakhasimende akho eqala ukufaka ubufakazi bokukhishwa kwempahla ezidingweni zawo zokuthenga. Isikhathi sokuvala igebe singaphambi kokuba kube yisimo senkontileka ngumthengi.
Isigaba sesibili ukusungula ulwazi lwangaphakathi ngalokho abathengi abakucelayo. Izicelo ngokuvamile azipheleli, zingezezibalo eziqinile, ezisekelwe endleleni ezingahlolwa. Ukubalwa okubhalwe kahle okusekelwe ezintweni ezibikiwe zokukhishwa kwegesi kuzuzisa kakhulu kunokungabi nadatha. Uma umlingani wakho wezokuthutha enganikeza inombolo ye-CO2e ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye ngokusekelwe endleleni eyaziwayo futhi afake lokho kumadokhumenti akho okuthumela avamile, ungcono kunabancintisani abaningi kule ndaba.
Okwesithathu yindlela okuzoqhutshwa ngayo lo msebenzi. Ukuthutha olwandle kuyindlela yokuthutha ephansi kakhulu yokudlulisa i-carbon transaoceanic kusuka eShayina kuya e-US, kanti izici zokukhishwa komoya ziphansi ngokuphindwe ka-25 kuya ku-50 kunezokuthutha emoyeni nge-ton-kilometer. Lokhu kuyinto enkulu okufanele icatshangelwe kunoma yimuphi umthumeli ofuna ukulinganisela izindleko kanye nokunyakaza kwe-carbon. “Umthelela omkhulu maqondana nokuqina kwe-carbon kwempahla ulwandle uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya. Futhi kuyisinqumo esithinta ngqo lokho okubonakala embikweni womthengi we-Scope 3 Category 4.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okusekela Ngayo Ukuthunyelwa Kwezimpahla Okusekelwe E-US Okuqaphela I-Carbon
Yasungulwa ngo-2010 futhi isekelwe eShenzhen, eShayina, iTopway Shipping ingumhlinzeki ohamba phambili wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics eziwela imingcele zabathumeli baseShayina abathumela eYurophu nase-United States. Ithimba elisungule lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni esisebenzayo ekuthuthweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokususwa kwempahla yamasiko, ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni yokuhweba phakathi kweShayina ne-US.
Imodeli yesevisi ye-Topway ihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha - kusukela ekuthuthweni kokuqala kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezimpahla kuya ekuthuthweni olwandle, emhlabeni jikelele kugcinwa, ukuvunyelwa kwentela kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina. Lokhu kubonakala kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kubaluleke kakhulu ekubhalweni kwekhabhoni: ngoba iTopway ingumnikazi wohambo lonke lokuthunyelwa (hhayi ukudlulisa umthwalo wemfanelo ezindaweni eziphakathi), inganikeza idatha yokukhishwa okuhlanganisiwe kuyo yonke imilenze yohambo, hhayi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela.
Le nkampani inikeza kokubili imithwalo yolwandle egcwele isitsha (i-FCL) kanye nemithwalo engaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL) esuka eShayina iya emachwebeni amakhulu ase-US, inikeza abathumeli ngaphandle ukuguquguquka kwendlela abathumela ngayo ngenkathi besazuza ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-carbon kwemithwalo yolwandle. Ngempahla enkulu noma esindayo - imakethe ekhethekile lapho i-Topway idale khona ingqalasizinda ebalulekile - imithwalo yolwandle ngezinye izikhathi iyindlela kuphela yokuletha izinto ezifika kumathani ayi-8 metric ngesiqeshana esisodwa, noma ezinobukhulu obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-8 ohlangothini olulodwa. Lezi yizindawo lapho ubunzima bokubhala bukhulu khona futhi lapho ukuba nomlingani wempahla oqonda izidingo zezokuthutha kanye nokubika kunikeza inani elikhulu.
Njengoba okulindelwe ngabathengi mayelana nemibhalo yokukhishwa kwegesi kuqhubeka nokuguquka, ukuzibophezela kwe-Topway Shipping ekubonakaleni okugcwele kanye nokusebenza okulandelekayo, okusekelwe kubuchwepheshe kunikeza uhlaka lohlobo lwedatha yezinga lokuthunyelwa eqala ukufunwa amaqembu okuthenga. Umehluko phakathi kokuwina nokulahlekelwa yizinkontileka zabathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina abazama ukuba phambili uya ngokuya ubambisana nomhlinzeki wezokuthutha owenza ukucaca kube yisici sesevisi esiyinhloko - hhayi ukucabanga kamuva.
Lokho Abathengi Abazokucela Ngempela - Futhi Nini
Ngokusebenzisa izikhathi ezikhona zomthetho kanye nemikhuba yokuthenga, nansi indlela engokoqobo yokubheka ukuthi izicelo zomthengi zamaphepha okukhishwa kwekhabhoni zizobukeka kanjani eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Izicelo ezivame kakhulu ngo-2025 nango-2026 zizoba ngezifinyezo zokukhishwa kwempahla minyaka yonke kanye nedatha yezinga lokuthunyelwa kwe-CO2 ukuze kugcwaliswe izimemezelo zeSigaba sesi-4 se-Scope 3. Ngokuyinhloko zivela ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezibhekene ne-EU noma imisebenzi eCalifornia. Izicelo zivame ukuba ngemibuzo yabaphakeli ezinkundleni ezifana ne-CDP Supply Chain noma i-EcoVadis futhi ekuqaleni zizothatha izilinganiso ezisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemali ezisekelwa idatha ethile yabathwali uma ikhona.
Isigaba sizosebenza ngo-2027 nango-2028. Izinkampani ezimbozwe yisikhathi sokugcina sokudalulwa kwe-California SB 253's Scope 3 zizodinga idatha ehlolwayo, esekelwa yindlela yokusebenza ezingeni lomkhiqizo noma lokuthumela. Ukwandiswa kwe-EU CSRD kumabhizinisi angewona awe-EU kanye nokwanda kwezinkampani ezithengisa izinto kwamanye amazwe kusho ukuthi ngisho nabathumeli bezimpahla baseShayina abaphakathi nendawo abahlinzeka ngabathengisi abakhulu baseYurophu noma base-US bazoba nezidingo ezifanayo. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokwakha ingqalasizinda yedatha, hhayi eminyakeni emibili kusukela manje.
Ucwaningo lwe-CO2 AI kanye ne-BSR mayelana nemikhuba yokuthengwa kwezimpahla lubonisa ukuthi ngale kuka-2028, isidingo sizokwandisa izintambo zokuhlinzeka ezijulile, ngokumbozwa okwengeziwe kwabahlinzeki bezinga lesibili. Izinkampani ezikhona zokubika ukukhishwa kwegesi okuhlanzekile zizobekwa njengabalingani abathandwayo bamasu hhayi abathengisi abangashintshaniswa. Lowo mehluko uqhuba imigomo yenkontileka, ingcindezi yamanani kanye nokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi.
| esibekelwe | Lokho Abathengi Abangase Bakucele | Ubani Othinteka Kakhulu |
| 2025-2026 | Ububanzi Bonyaka 3 Izifinyezo zesigaba 4; idatha ye-CO2e yezinga lokuthunyelwa; izilinganiso ze-CII zenkampani | Abathumeli abakhulu base-US abanolwazi lwe-EU noma imisebenzi yaseCalifornia |
| 2027-2028 | Imibiko yokuthunyelwa ehlolwayo, ehambisana ne-ISO 14083; idatha ye-carbon footprint yezinga lomkhiqizo | Amabhizinisi aphakathi kuya kwamakhulu ngaphansi kwe-SB 253 noma i-CSRD engezansi |
| 2028-2030 | Ukumbozwa komhlinzeki we-Tier-2; ukuqinisekiswa kokukhishwa komoya yizinkampani zangaphandle; Izinhloso zomhlinzeki ezihambisana ne-SBTi | Uchungechunge olubanzi lokunikezela; okuhlanganisa abathumeli nabathumeli abaphakathi nendawo |
Isiphetho
Akuseyona inkinga yokuzinza okubalulekile ukubhala phansi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuvela ezimpahleni eziya e-US. Lokhu kuyiqiniso lokuthengwa kwempahla elisebenza ngendlela yalo emaketangeni amakhulu okuhlinzeka ngempahla futhi lizofinyelela kubathengisi abaphakathi eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu ezayo. Izici zomthetho ezifana neCalifornia SB 253, CSRD, ukudalulwa kwesimo sezulu se-SEC kanye nezinhloso zokuthunyelwa kwe-IMO zingqubuzana nengcindezi yezentengiselwano evela kubathengi edinga idatha ethembekile nehlolwayo ukuze igcwalise imibiko yabo ye-Scope 3.
Abathumeli bezimpahla baseShayina kanye nabathumeli bezimpahla banethuba lokulungiselela, kodwa akulona ithuba elivulekile. Izinkampani zengqalasizinda yedatha ezikhethe abalingani bezokuthutha abakwazi ukukhiqiza amadokhumenti okukhishwa kwegesi okuhambisana ne-ISO, futhi baphendule ngokushesha ezidingweni zamakhasimende, bazozithola besesimweni esingcono sezentengiselwano. Uma ulinda kuze kube yilapho umbuzo uyimfuneko yesivumelwano, inqubo izoba nokuphazamiseka okukhulu futhi ibize kakhulu.
Ukushintshela ezinkambisweni zokuhlinzeka ngekhabhoni okusobala akunakugwenywa. Izimakethe zezimali, imithetho kanye nengcindezi ekhulayo yezinhlelo zokuthenga zamazwe ngamazwe kuyayiqhuba. "Ukuze sihlale sincintisana emakethe yase-US, kubalulekile ukuthi izinkampani zazi ukuthi yini abathengi abayicelayo, ukuthi kungani beyicela nokuthi bangaphendula kanjani ngemininingwane ethembekile."
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
U: Ingabe amasiko ase-US okwamanje adinga imibhalo yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni yezimpahla ezingenisiwe?
A: Cha. I-US Customs and Border Protection okwamanje ayidingi ukubikwa kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni njengengxenye yenqubo yokugunyazwa kokungeniswa. Izidingo zemibhalo okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko zivela ezinqubweni zokuthengwa kohlangothi lomthengi kanye nemithethonqubo kahulumeni/yamazwe ngamazwe esebenza kubangenisi ngokwabo, hhayi inqubo yamasiko. Kodwa lokho kungashintsha njengoba iziqondiso zikahulumeni wase-US zokudalulwa kwesimo sezulu zishintsha.
Q: Uyini umehluko phakathi kokukhishwa kwe-Scope 1, Scope 2, kanye ne-Scope 3?
A: Ububanzi 1 buhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela empahleni inkampani enayo noma elawulayo, kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela enqoleni yamaloli ephethwe yinkampani. Ububanzi 2 buyikukhishwa kwegesi okungaqondile okuvela emandleni athengiwe, njengamandla asesitolo. Ububanzi 3 buhlanganisa konke ukukhishwa kwegesi okungaqondile okwengeziwe nge-value chain futhi buhlanganisa imithwalo inkampani eyisebenzisela ukuthutha izimpahla. Iningi labangenisi lizoba nobubanzi 3 Isigaba 4 (Ukuthutha Okuphezulu Nokusatshalaliswa) kwemithwalo yasolwandle esuka eShayina iya e-US.
Q: Kubalwa kanjani ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuvela ekuthuthweni kwempahla olwandle?
A: Lokhu kuvame ukubalwa ngokuphindaphinda isisindo sokuthunyelwa (ngamathani) ngebanga elihanjiwe (ngamakhilomitha) ngesici sokukhishwa komkhumbi (amagremu e-CO2 ngethani-khilomitha). Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwamathani ayi-10 okuhamba amakhilomitha ayi-18,000 emkhunjini onesici sokukhishwa esingu-15 gCO2/ton-km kungakhipha cishe amathani angu-2.7 e-CO2. Inombolo yangempela incike ohlotsheni lomkhumbi, isici somthwalo kanye nohambo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile nehlolwayo ngokwezidingo zendlela ezinikezwe yi-ISO 14083 kanye noHlaka lwe-GLEC.
U: Iyini isilinganiso se-CII futhi ingabe siyayithinta impahla yami?
A: I-Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) uhlelo lokuhlola olwakhiwe yi-IMO, olulinganisa imikhumbi yolwandle ngesikali kusukela ku-A (engcono kakhulu) kuya ku-E (embi kakhulu) ngokuya ngokukhishwa kwayo kwe-CO2 ngeyunithi ngayinye yomzamo wokuthutha. Imikhumbi enesilinganiso se-D iminyaka emithathu noma isilinganiso se-E unyaka owodwa idinga izinhlelo zokulungisa eziphoqelekile ezithinta ukutholakala kwayo kokusebenza. Kwabathumeli, ukusetshenziswa kwezikebhe ezinesilinganiso se-CII esiphezulu ngokuvamile kuholela ezicini zokukhishwa okuphansi kokuthunyelwa kwazo, okubalulekile ekubikeni kwe-Scope 3. Abathengi abaningi sebeqalile ukubuza ngezilinganiso ze-CII zemikhumbi eqashwe emisebenzini yokuthutha yabaphakeli babo.
Q: I-Topway Shipping ingasiza kanjani ngemibhalo yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni?
A: I-Topway Shipping iphatha lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha oluvela eShayina luya e-US, oluhlanganisa ukuthutha, ukuthutha olwandle, ukugcinwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukucutshungulwa kwentela, kanye nokulethwa kokugcina. Lo mbono uvumela ukukhishwa kwegesi ukuthi kulandelwe kuhlanganiswe kuyo yonke imikhakha yezokuthutha. Kwabathumeli bempahla abaqala ukubona izidingo zamakhasimende zedatha yekhabhoni, kuyinzuzo enkulu yokusebenza ukusebenza nomlingani wezokuthutha osebenza ngokusobala kulo lonke uchungechunge - futhi ongasekela izidingo zemibhalo njengoba amazinga okubika ekhula.
