Ukumaka kwe-CE kanye nokuthunyelwa kwe-China ePortugal: Okudingekayo
Isingeniso
Uma ungumthengisi we-e-commerce waseShayina noma umthengisi we-e-commerce owela imingcele ofuna ukuthengisa ePortugal, udinga ukwazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukumakwa kwe-CE. Kuyisihluthulelo sokungena. IPortugal iyilungu eligcwele le-European Union kanye ne-European Economic Area (EEA), ngakho-ke inemithetho efanayo yokuhambisana nomkhiqizo njenge-EU yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa zivela eShayina kumele zibe nophawu lwe-CE olusebenzayo ngaphambi kokuba zithengiswe ngokusemthethweni ePortugal, ku-inthanethi, noma ngeziteshi zasendaweni.
Uphawu lwe-Conformite Europeenne (CE) lwe-EU kanye nophawu ngezinye izikhathi olubizwa ngokuthi “China Export” lubukeka lufana kakhulu, okwenza lesi sihloko sibe nzima kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala sengathi. IKhomishini yaseYurophu ikwenze kwacaca ukuthi akukho uphawu olusemthethweni lwe-“China Export” olujwayelekile, kodwa kusenokudideka okukhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Amasiko amise, ahlawulise, noma asuse imikhiqizo enezilinganiso ezingalungile noma izimpawu ze-CE ezingafakwanga kahle. Kwabathumeli bamazwe baseShayina, ukwazi umehluko kanye nendlela yonke yokuthobela imithetho akuyona nje indlela engcono kakhulu, kubalulekile futhi ukuqhuba ibhizinisi ePortugal nakulo lonke elase-EU.
Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ukumaka kwe-CE kuyini, yimiphi imikhiqizo ekudingayo, ukuthi izinto zingangeniswa kanjani ePortugal, nokuthi ozakwethu bezokuthutha abangochwepheshe abanjengoTopway Shipping bangenza kanjani ukuthi lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka lusebenze kahle kusukela eShenzhen kuya eLisbon.
Kuyini Ukumaka kwe-CE - Futhi Okungesikho
I-Conformite Europeenne, okusho ukuthi “i-European Conformity” ngesiFulentshi, yilokho okumelelwa yi-CE. Ngaphambi kokuba ezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo zingathengiswa noma kuphi e-EEA, ehlanganisa wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU angu-27 (kufaka phakathi iPortugal), kumele zibe nophawu lokuhambisana olugunyaziwe. Uphawu aluyona isitembu esivela kuhulumeni esithi izimpahla zinhle noma ibheji lobuhle. Kunalokho, yisitatimende somkhiqizi, okuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zezempilo, ukuphepha, kanye nezemvelo ze-EU.
Ilebula le-CE lisho ukuthi umuntu ophethe, kungaba ngumkhiqizi wokuqala waseShayina, umngenisi we-EU, noma ummeleli ogunyaziwe, wenze ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana okudingekayo, wahlanganisa idokhumenti yobuchwepheshe, futhi wasayina iSimemezelo Sokuhambisana ne-EU (DoC). Uma leyo nqubo isiqediwe kahle, uphawu lwe-CE lungafakwa kumkhiqizo, futhi ungahamba ngokukhululeka phakathi kwawo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EEA ngaphandle kokudinga ukuqinisekiswa futhi ezingeni likazwelonke.
Ukudideka okuningi mayelana ne-"China Export" kuvela emaphutheni kulogo uqobo. Kunesikhala esithile phakathi kwezinhlamvu C no-E kuphawu olusemthethweni lwe-CE. Uma izinhlamvu zisondelene kakhulu, umphumela ubukeka njengophawu oluhlukile oluhamba ku-inthanethi olubizwa ngokuthi "China Export." IKhomishini yaseYurophu iluhlolile lolu daba futhi ayitholanga bufakazi bophawu olusemthethweni lwe-Chinese Export; inkinga ikakhulukazi ukuthayipha okubi, hhayi umkhonyovu ohleliwe. Nokho, umphumela kubathumeli uyafana: uma uphawu lwakho lwe-CE lungahlangabezani nosayizi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo, amasiko angase amise, abeke uphawu, noma enqabe izimpahla zakho.
Yimiphi Imikhiqizo Edinga Ukumakwa kwe-CE Uma Ithunyelwa EPortugal
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo okudingeka zibe nelebula le-CE. Iziqondiso Nemithethonqubo Yendlela Entsha ye-EU, ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo, yizona ezenza le mfuneko idingeke. Okwamanje kunemithetho neziqondiso zokumaka i-CE ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ezisebenzayo e-EU. Ezinkampanini zaseShayina ezifuna ukuthengisela iPortugal, izigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:
| Isigaba somkhiqizo | Isiqondiso/Umthethonqubo Osebenzayo | Izidingo ezibalulekile |
| Consumer Electronics | Isiqondiso Se-Voltage Ephansi (2014/35/EU), Isiqondiso Se-EMC (2014/30/EU) | Ukuphepha kukagesi, ukuhambisana kukagesi kagesi |
| Amadivayisi Angenantambo/Omsakazo | I-Radio Equipment Directive (RED) 2014/53/EU | Amadivayisi e-WiFi, i-Bluetooth, i-LTE, ne-5G |
| Amathoyizi | I-Toy Safety Directive (2009/48/EC) | Ukuphepha ngokomzimba, kwemishini, kwamakhemikhali |
| imishini | I-Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC) | Ukuhlolwa kwengozi, imibhalo yobuchwepheshe |
| Amadivaysi Ezokwelapha | I-MDR (EU) 2017/745 | Ukubandakanyeka komzimba okwaziwayo kuyadingeka |
| Isikhali Sokuzivikela Somuntu siqu | Umthethonqubo we-PPE (i-EU) 2016/425 | Kudingeka isitifiketi seqembu lesithathu |
| Imikhiqizo Yokwakha | Umthetho Wemikhiqizo Yokwakha (i-EU) 305/2011 | Isimemezelo Sokusebenza Siyadingeka |
| Imishini Yamakhemikhali/Kagesi | Isiqondisi seRoHS (2011/65 / EU) | Ukuvinjelwa kwezinto eziyingozi |
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukumakwa kwe-CE kuyadingeka kuphela emikhiqizweni ewela ngaphansi komyalelo owodwa osebenzayo okungenani. Umthetho we-EU uthi futhi awukwazi ukubeka uphawu lwe-CE emkhiqizweni ongaludingi. Abathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina kudingeka bahlole ngokucophelela ukuthi yimiphi imithetho esebenza kumkhiqizo wabo ngamunye. Ezimweni eziningi, kusebenza imithetho engaphezu kowodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo, ithoyizi likagesi kungadingeka lilandele i-RoHS Directive, i-Low Voltage Directive, kanye ne-Toy Safety Directive konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Inqubo Yokuthobela Ukumaka kwe-CE: Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo
IKhomishini yaseYurophu ichaza ukumakwa kwe-CE njengenqubo enezigaba eziyisithupha, futhi kubathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina, isinyathelo ngasinye sinesisindo sangempela esisemthethweni. Uma wenza iphutha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, sonke isitifiketi singase singabi namsebenzi, futhi imakethe ingase yenqabe ngezindleko eziphakeme.
Isinyathelo 1: Thola Iziqondiso Ezisebenzayo
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyazi ukuthi yimiphi imithetho nemiyalelo ye-EU esebenza ezimpahleni zakho. Lokhu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ngoba akukho database eyodwa ye-EU exhumanisa izinhlobo zemikhiqizo nomthetho osebenza kuzo. Abathumeli bamazwe angaphandle kudingeka babheke i-Blue Guide ye-EU, bahlole i-database ye-TARIC, noma baqashe uchwepheshe wokuthobela imithetho ukuze bathole ukuthi yiluphi uhlaka lwezomthetho umkhiqizo wabo oluhambisana nalo.
Isinyathelo 2: Hlola Izidingo Ezithile Zesiqondiso Ngasinye
Isiqondiso ngasinye sinemithetho ebalulekile yokuklama, ukusebenza, ukuphepha, nokuthi umkhiqizo uzothinta kanjani imvelo. Abakhiqizi kudingeka bazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zesiqondiso ngasinye. I-Official Journal of the EU ishicilela amazinga avumelanayo aseYurophu (izindinganiso ze-EN). Ukuhlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uyahambisana.
Isinyathelo 3: Hlola Ukuthi Kudingeka Umzimba Owazisiwe
Abakhiqizi bangaziqinisekisa imikhiqizo enengozi ephansi besebenzisa iModule A (ukulawulwa kokukhiqiza kwangaphakathi). Lokhu kusho ukuthi bazenzela ukuhlolwa kwabo, bahlanganise idokhumenti yobuchwepheshe, bese bekhipha iSimemezelo Sokuhambisana. Ezintweni eziyingozi kakhulu, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zemishini, kuyadingeka ngokomthetho ukuthi kuhileleke i-Notified Body evunyelwe yi-EU (inhlangano yokuhlola kanye nesitifiketi yomuntu wesithathu). Ngaphambi kokuba uphawu lwe-CE lubekwe, i-Notified Bodies kufanele yenze izivivinyo zohlobo lwe-EU futhi inikeze izitifiketi zokuhambisana.
Isinyathelo 4: Hlola Umkhiqizo Bese Uhlanganisa Ifayela Lobuchwepheshe
Ukuhlolwa kumele kubonise ukuthi zonke izidingo ezibalulekile zihlangatsheziwe. Ifayela lobuchwepheshe kumele lifake lolu lwazi, njengezincazelo zomkhiqizo, imidwebo yokuklama, imibiko yokuhlola, ukuhlolwa kwengozi, amazinga avumelanisiwe asetshenzisiwe, kanye nolwazi mayelana nenqubo yokuhlola ukuhambisana. Kumelwe ugcine leli fayela okungenani iminyaka eyishumi ngemva kokuthengiswa komkhiqizo wokugcina, futhi kufanele ulinike iziphathimandla uma ziwucela.
Isinyathelo 5: Khipha iSimemezelo se-EU sokuVumelana
ISimemezelo Sokuvumelana se-EU (i-DoC) siyidokhumenti esemthethweni esayinwa ngumkhiqizi noma yi-ejenti yakhe egunyaziwe ye-EU. Sithi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nayo yonke imithetho nemigomo ye-EU esebenza kuwo. I-DoC kumele ibe nolwazi oluthile oludingekayo, njengegama lomenzi, incazelo yomkhiqizo, uhlu lweziqondiso ezifanele, izinkomba zezindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe ezisetshenzisiwe, kanye nesiginesha ephoqelelwa ngokomthetho.
Isinyathelo 6: Namathisela uphawu lwe-CE
Uphawu lwe-CE lungafakwa kumkhiqizo ngemva kokuba zonke izigaba ezingenhla seziqediwe. Uphawu kumele lucace, lufundeke kalula, futhi luhlale unomphela. Kumelwe okungenani lube ngu-5mm ubude futhi lube nesikhala esifanele phakathi kwezinhlamvu C no-E. Yilapho ama-logo angewona usayizi ofanele ebanga khona izinkinga. Uma ungakwazi ukubeka uphawu lwe-CE ngqo ezimpahleni, kufanele lube sephaketheni noma emaphepheni ahambisana nalo.
Izidingo Zokungenisa Eziqondile Ze-Portugal Zezimpahla ZaseShayina
Ngaphezu kokulandela imithetho yokumaka i-CE, abathumeli bezimpahla baseShayina abathumela izimpahla ePortugal kumele bahlangabezane nesethi eqondile yezibopho zentela, intela, kanye nezincwadi emngceleni. IPortugal ilandela izindinganiso zentela ze-EU, kodwa futhi inemithetho yayo ephoqelelwa yi-Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority (Autoridade Tributaria e Aduaneira, noma i-AT).
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinkambiso kanye ne-TARIC
I-Combined Nomenclature (CN) ye-EU iyisimiso sekhodi yentela enamadijithi ayisishiyagalombili okumele zonke izimpahla ezifika ePortugal zivela eShayina zisetshenziswe. Ikhodi ye-TARIC, emele "Integrated Tariff," yakhiwe ngamadijithi amabili engeziwe. Inolwazi mayelana namanani entela, izindlela zokulwa nokulahla impahla, ama-quota, kanye namanye amathuluzi enqubomgomo yokuhweba. Izimpahla ezivela eShayina kungase kudingeke zikhokhe izindleko ezivamile zamazwe angaphandle, futhi kwezinye izimo, imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla impahla eyenza ukungenisa impahla kubize kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuthumela izimpahla zabo, abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufanele babheke amakhodi emikhiqizo yabo kusizindalwazi se-TARIC.
Ukuhlolwa Kwentengo Yempahla kanye Nokubalwa Kwentela
Indlela ye-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense, Ukuthutha) isetshenziswa yiPortugal ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani intela yentela okufanele ikhokhiswe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isisekelo sentela sihlanganisa inani lemikhiqizo, izindleko zokuthumela, kanye nezindleko zomshuwalense oya emngceleni wasePortugal. Abathumeli baseShayina badinga ukwazi lokhu kahle kakhulu ngoba izindleko ezinkulu zokuthumela ziphakamisa ngqo isisekelo sentela yentela yentela, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukubalwa kwe-VAT.
| Uhlobo Lwentela/Imali | ubende | Isisekelo | amanothi |
| Customs Duty | Iyahluka (0–12%+) | Inani le-CIF | Ngokusekelwe kukhodi ye-HS kanye ne-TARIC; kungasebenza i-anti-dumping |
| I-VAT (IVA) — Okujwayelekile | 23% | I-CIF + Intela Yentela | Isetshenziswa ezimpahleni eziningi; ingatholwa amabhizinisi abhaliswe kwi-VAT |
| I-VAT (IVA) — Ephakathi nendawo | 13% | I-CIF + Intela Yentela | Ukudla okuthile, imikhiqizo yezolimo, izinsizakalo zamahhotela |
| I-VAT (IVA) — Yehlisiwe | 6% | I-CIF + Intela Yentela | Izimpahla ezibalulekile, izincwadi, imithi ethile |
| Intela Yezimpahla Zedijithali | 3% | Inani lokwenziwe | Okusha kusukela ngoJanuwari 2025 kwezinsizakalo zedijithali/izimpahla ze-elekthronikhi |
| De Minimis Threshold | EUR 175 | Inani elimenyezelwe | Ukuthunyelwa okungaphansi kwalokhu kungafanelekela ukwelashwa okulula |
Ukushesha kwePortugal ekufinyeleleni ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali kuyinto ebalulekile ezokwenzeka ngo-2025. Ingosi ye-eAduana kufanele ibe isisebenza ngokugcwele ngekota yesithathu ka-2025. Lokhu kuzosheshisa kakhulu inqubo yokukhipha impahla ehambisanayo futhi efakwe ngedijithali. Abathumeli kanye nezinkampani zezokuthutha ezishintshela kule ndlela yedijithali yokuqala zizokwazi ukucubungula izinto ngokushesha. Ezimweni eziningi, izikhathi zokukhipha impahla yokuthumela imithetho sezivele zehle ziye emahoreni angama-24 kuya kwangu-48.
Inombolo ye-EORI kanye nabasebenzi bezomnotho abagunyaziwe
Ukuze kufezwe intela ePortugal, abathumeli abavela ngaphandle kwe-EU kanye nabameleli babo abase-EU kumele babe nenombolo ye-EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification). Uma inkampani yaseShayina ingenayo kakade indawo e-EU, indlela evamile yokwenza ibhizinisi iwukusebenzelana nomthengisi wezimpahla odumile wasePutukezi noma wase-EU onenombolo ye-EORI. Kwabathumeli abathengisa kakhulu, ukuthola isimo se-Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) kungenye indlela engasheshisa ukucutshungulwa kwentela.
Isidingo Sommeleli we-EU
Ngaphansi kwemithetho yokuphepha komkhiqizo ye-EU, ikakhulukazi uMthethonqubo Ojwayelekile Wokuphepha Komkhiqizo owaqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele ngo-2024, abakhiqizi abanezindlu zabo ngaphandle kwe-EU kumele baqambe igama lomuntu ophethe noma umqhubi wezomnotho osekelwe e-EU wezinhlobo eziningi zomkhiqizo ophawulwe nge-CE. Lo muntu noma iqembu linesibopho ngokomthetho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphepha okuhambisana nomthetho ayatholakala, ukusebenza neziphathimandla zokuqapha imakethe, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokulungisa uma kudingeka. Kwabathumeli bempahla baseShayina, lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuqasha i-ejenti yokuthobela umthetho noma umsabalalisi onendlunkulu ePortugal noma kwelinye izwe le-EU ukwenza lokhu.
Amaphutha Avamile Awenziwa Abathumeli Bempahla BaseShayina
Idatha yokuhweba phakathi kwe-EU namazwe angamalungu ayo, njengePortugal, eminyakeni eminingana ikhombisa ukuthi abathumeli bezimpahla baseShayina bahlala bephula imithetho. Ukwazi ngalezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi kungasindisa isikhathi nemali eningi.
Abantu bavame ukwenza iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi uphawu lwe-CE oluvela kumkhiqizo omdala noma imodeli efanayo lusebenza ngokushesha kumkhiqizo omusha. Ukuhambisana ne-CE kuhlukile kumkhiqizo ngamunye. Uma umklamo, izingxenye, isofthiwe, noma icala lokusetshenziswa kushintsha, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okusha kokuhambisana. Abathumeli abaningi bahlanganisa amazinga kazwelonke aseShayina (njengesitifiketi se-CCC) nezindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe ze-EU. Lezi azifani futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni somunye nomunye.
Ukubhala uphawu lwe-CE olungalungile kuyinkinga esakazeke kakhulu ngokumangazayo. Njengoba sikhulume ngakho ngaphambili, isikhala esidingekayo sophawu lwe-CE sibalulekile. Amasiko abambezele ukuthunyelwa ngoba ama-logo mancane kakhulu (angaphansi kuka-5mm), asondelene kakhulu, noma ezindaweni lapho engabonakali noma engenakufundeka khona. Leli yiphutha elingalungiswa, kodwa kudingeka lenziwe ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla ziphume esitshalweni.
Enye inkinga evamile amafayela obuchwepheshe angaphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi, abakhiqizi baseShayina bamane benze amaphepha uma beceliwe, hhayi ngaphambi kwalokho. Kodwa umthetho we-EU uthi ifayela lobuchwepheshe kumele libe selilungile ngaphambi kokuba uphawu lwe-CE lubekwe kudivayisi nangaphambi kokuba luthengiswe e-EU. Uma izikhulu zamasiko noma zokuqapha imakethe zasePortugal zicela amadokhumenti futhi zingatholakali, umkhiqizo ungabanjwa noma ubuyiselwe emuva.
Okokugcina, abathumeli abaningi bangaphandle abacabangi ukuthi iSimemezelo Sokuhambisana siyidokhumenti ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuyisitatimende sezomthetho okumele sifake ulwazi oluthile. Umthetho we-EU awuwamukeli i-DoC ejwayelekile noma engakahleleki, noma esayinwe ngumuntu ongafanele. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho yamasiko ePortugal kuqinile futhi i-EU inesimiso sokugcina imakethe iso, la maphutha amaphepha angaba nemiphumela emibi kwezomthetho nakwezezimali.
Ukumaka kwe-CE vs. Ukuthunyelwa Kwangaphandle Kwe-China: Ukucacisa Ukudideka
Njengoba ingxubevange ye-CE/China Export ivela kaningi komagazini bezohwebo, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ngisho nasezingxoxweni zephalamende, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngayo ngqo. Ngo-2024, iPhalamende laseYurophu laveza lolu daba, lathi izimpawu ezimbili zibonakala zifana kakhulu kangangokuthi ziyadida amakhasimende kanye nezikhulu zokungenisa impahla. Umbuzo wePhalamende waphawula ukuthi akukho okuningi okungenziwa ngokomthetho ukuvimba abantu ekusebenziseni kabi uphawu lwe-CE ngoba alulona uphawu lwentengiso lwe-EU.
EPortugal nakwezinye izingxenye ze-EEA, uphawu olulodwa olusemthethweni lwabathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina uphawu lwe-Conformite Europeenne lwe-EU. Ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uphawu olungalandeli ifomethi yokumaka i-CE, kungaba ngamabomu noma ngephutha, kubeka bobabili umthumeli ngaphandle kanye nomngenisi we-EU engozini yokujeziswa. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphephile ukusebenzisa amafayela asemthethweni okumaka e-CE avela kuwebhusayithi yeKhomishini yaseYurophu ngosayizi ofanele futhi uhlole ukuthi ukuphrinta noma ukulebula kuqoqo ngalinye lemikhiqizo kuyahlangabezana nezidingo.
| Isici | CE (i-Conformite Europeanenne) | I-CE (Ifomethi Engachazwanga Kahle / Engalungile) |
| Isimo Sezomthetho e-EU/Portugal | Kuqashelwa ngokugcwele futhi kuyadingeka ngokomthetho | Akukho ukuma okusemthethweni; isisekelo sesenzo sokuphoqelela |
| Lokho Elikubonisayo | Ukuphepha kwe-EU, impilo, kanye nokuthobela imithetho yezemvelo | Akukho lutho — akuyona uphawu lokulawula oluqashelwayo |
| Ubani Oyikhiphayo | Umkhiqizi/umngenisi ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuhambisana okufanele | Akukho nhlangano ekhiphayo — akuyona uphawu olusemthethweni |
| Isikhala Esibonakalayo | Igebe elilinganiselwe elinqunyiwe phakathi kuka-C no-E | Izinhlamvu zisondelene kakhulu; izilinganiso ezingalungile |
| Ukuphakama Okuncane | Kudingeka u-5mm | N / A |
| Idokhumenti edingekayo | Ifayela lobuchwepheshe, i-DoC, imibiko yokuhlola | Akukho (akukho ndlela yokuthobela imithetho ekhona) |
| Ukwamukelwa Kwezintela | Yebo, ngemibhalo evumelekile yokuhambisana nemithetho | Cha — kungaholela ekuboshweni noma ekwenqatshweni |
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okusekela Ngayo Ukuthunyelwa Kwezimpahla Kwangaphandle Kwase-China-Portugal
Ukuthobela imithetho yokumaka i-CE kumayelana nokulandela imithetho yokuthumela izimpahla zisuka eShayina ziye ePortugal, kodwa nokuthutha nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi. Yonke ingxenye yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kusukela phansi kokukhiqiza eGuangdong noma eZhejiang kuya endaweni yokugcina impahla eLisbon noma ePorto, idinga ukuhlelwa futhi yenziwe ngempumelelo ukuze kungabikho ukubambezeleka, umonakalo, noma izindleko ezengeziwe.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics ezivela emingceleni kusukela ngo-2010. I-Topway inolwazi oluningi emzileni we-China-Europe ngoba ithimba layo elisungule lisebenze ekuthuthweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokususwa kwempahla yamasiko iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15. Le nkampani igxile kakhulu kwezokuthutha zaseShayina nase-US, okunikezwa kwayo isevisi kufaka phakathi amachweba abalulekile emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi iLeixoes (Porto) kanye neLisbon, okuyizindawo ezimbili ezinkulu ze-container ePortugal.
Izinsizakalo zeTopway zimboza lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha, ngakho-ke yindawo eyodwa yabathumeli bezimpahla baseShayina abafuna ukuthumela izinto eziphawulwe nge-CE ePortugal. Le nkampani inakekela ukuthuthwa kokuqala kusuka efektri noma isitolo sokugcina impahla eShayina, phesheya kwezilwandle. kugcinwa (okubaluleke kakhulu kubathengisi be-e-commerce abadinga ukugcwaliseka okusekelwe kwi-EU ukuze bahlangabezane nokulindelwe kwamakhasimende asePutukezi kanye nakwabanye abaphezulu be-EU), ukuvunyelwa kwamasiko ngezinhlelo zamasiko zasePutukezi nase-EU, kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina kumakhasimende noma ezindaweni zokusabalalisa ePortugal.
I-Topway inikeza izinsizakalo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ezinemithwalo egcwele (i-FCL) kanye nemithwalo engaphansi kwemithwalo (i-LCL) esuka eShayina iye emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni wonke kumabhizinisi athumela izimpahla eziningi. Izinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa i-LCL zivumela abathengisi be-e-commerce abavela emingceleni ukuba benze uphawu lwabo emakethe yasePortugal ngokuthumela izimpahla ezincane ezingakhushulwa njengoba inkampani ikhula. Ezinye izindlela ze-FCL zinikeza abathengisi abathengisa kakhulu indawo enikezelwe esitsheni kanye nezikhathi zokuhamba ezithembekile kanye namanani.
Ulwazi lwe-Topway mayelana nokuvunyelwa kwamasiko lubaluleke kakhulu endaweni yokuthobela imithetho ye-CE. Abathengisi bamasiko abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi amaphepha adingekayo ngamasiko asePortugal, njengeSimemezelo Sokuhambisana ne-EU, amafayela obuchwepheshe, kanye nokubekwa kahle kophawu lwe-CE. Bangase babone nezinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukubambezeleka okubizayo. Kwabathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina abangase bangajwayele ukulandela imithetho ye-EU, ukubambisana nomlingani wezokuthutha owazi kokubili inqubo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yaseShayina kanye nemithetho yokungenisa yasePortugal kuyinzuzo enkulu yokusebenza.
Ukwakha Ibhizinisi Lokuthumela Eliqhubekayo Phakathi KwaseShayina NePortugal
IPortugal isibe yindlela ekhangayo kakhulu yokuthi izimpahla zaseShayina zingene emakethe ye-EU. Ngenxa yokuthi iyizwe elisechwebeni laseNtshonalanga Yurophu i-Atlantic elinengqalasizinda enhle yezentengiselwano kanye nokufinyelela emakethe ye-EU, iyisango elihle. Kubathengisi baseShayina abenza ibhizinisi ngaphesheya kwemingcele, inani elikhulayo labathengi abaku-inthanethi ePortugal, kanye namanethiwekhi okugcwalisa e-EU wonke enza kube lula ukuthutha, aletha amathuba angempela esikhathi eside.
Ukuze ugcine lelo thuba, udinga ukubona ukuhambisana nokumaka kwe-CE njengohlelo oluqhubekayo esikhundleni sokuchofoza kanye nje. Imithetho ye-EU iyahlukahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, uMthethonqubo Wokuphepha Komkhiqizo Ojwayelekile, izinguquko ku-Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, kanye nezinguquko ezilindelekile kwezinye iziqondiso kusho ukuthi imithetho yezinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo ingashintsha. Abathumeli baseShayina abasetha izinqubo zokubuyekezwa kokuhambisana kwangaphakathi, bagcine amafayela abo obuchwepheshe esesikhathini, futhi bahlakulele ubudlelwano obuqinile nama-ejenti ase-EU kanye nochwepheshe bokuhambisana bazokulungela kangcono ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Ukwakha ubambiswano oluthembekile lokuthutha impahla kanye nokususwa kwempahla kubaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yesikhathi eside ohlangothini lwezokuthutha. Ukuba nemizila efanayo yokuthumela impahla, izidingo zamaphepha, kanye nokuxhumana nabadayisi bempahla kunciphisa amathuba okubambezeleka noma izinkinga zokuthobela imithetho ezivela kungazelelwe. Njengoba i-portal yamasiko ye-eAduana yasePortugal iqala ukusebenza, abathumeli bempahla kanye nabalingani babo bezokuthutha abakulungele ukungena ku-inthanethi bazokwazi ukukhokha izimpahla zabo ngokushesha nangokuqiniseka okwengeziwe.
Isiphetho
Ukuthumela ngaphandle kusuka eShayina kuya ePortugal kuyithuba elihle lebhizinisi, kodwa kunemithetho eqinile okumele ilandelwe. Ukumakwa kwe-CE kuyimfuneko encane kakhulu. Imikhiqizo eyidingayo ayikwazi ukungena ngokusemthethweni emakethe yasePortugal noma ye-EU ngaphandle kwayo. Inqubo ihlanganisa ukuthola iziqondiso ezifanele, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana okufanele, ukuhlanganisa ifayela lobuchwepheshe elisemthethweni, ukubhala iSimemezelo Sokuhambisana esizwakalayo ngokomthetho, nokufaka uphawu lwe-CE oluyisayizi efanele.
Ngaphezu kophawu lwe-CE, imithetho yokungenisa yasePutukezi ifaka phakathi izinyathelo ezengeziwe, njengokuhlukaniswa okufanele kwe-TARIC, ukulinganiswa kwamasiko okusekelwe ku-CIF, i-VAT ngesilinganiso esivamile sama-23% ezintweni eziningi, kanye nesidingo samuva nje soMuntu Onomthwalo Wemfanelo osekelwe e-EU wezigaba eziningana zomkhiqizo. IPortugal iqhubekela phambili ekucutshungulweni kwamasiko edijithali, okusho ukuthi abathumeli ngaphandle abahlela amaphepha abo futhi babambisane nabalingani bezokuthutha abanekhono bazoletha izimpahla zabo ngamasiko ngokushesha nangokungenankinga enkulu.
Abathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina abafuna ukungena kule makethe ngendlela ehlala isikhathi eside badinga ukwazi ukuthi bangayilandela kanjani imithetho futhi benze umsebenzi omuhle ngezokuthutha. Uhla oluphelele lwezinsizakalo zokuthutha ze-Topway Shipping, oluhlanganisa ezokuthutha zokuqala, ezokuthutha olwandle, ukususwa kwezimpahla zangaphandle, kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide, lunikeza abathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina abathobela i-CE ingqalasizinda yokunikezela abayidingayo ukuze bakhonze imakethe yasePortugal ngendlela ethembekile nephumelelayo. Ukuthola kokubili ezokuthutha kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho yikho okuguqula ukuthunyelwa kanye kube ibhizinisi lokuthumela ngaphandle eliphumelelayo nelikhulayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
U: Ingabe ukumaka kwe-CE kuyadingeka kuyo yonke imikhiqizo ethunyelwa e-China iya e-Portugal?
A: Cha. Izinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo ezimbozwe yiziqondiso nemithetho ye-EU kuphela ezidinga ukumaka i-CE. Kodwa kunemithetho engaphezu kwengu-30 ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, amathoyizi, imishini, imishini yezokwelapha, i-PPE, nokunye okuningi. Ukumaka i-CE kuyadingeka ngokomthetho ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo wakho uthengiswe ePortugal uma ungena esigabeni esimboziwe.
Q: Ingabe umenzi waseShayina angaziqinisekisa ngokwakheka kwe-CE, noma ingabe kudingeka njalo i-Notified Body evela eceleni?
A: Kuncike ekutheni umkhiqizo uyingozi kangakanani nokuthi yimuphi umyalelo osebenzayo. Ukusebenzisa iModule A (ukulawulwa kokukhiqiza kwangaphakathi), imikhiqizo eminingi enobungozi obuphansi ingazigunyaza ngokwayo ngumenzi. Kodwa ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuqinisekiswe, imikhiqizo enobungozi obuphezulu njengamadivayisi ezokwelapha kanye nemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu kumele ibandakanye ngokomthetho i-EU-Eduified Notified Body.
Q: Luyini uphawu lwe-CE 'lokuthumela ngaphandle kweChina' futhi ingabe lunesikhundla esisemthethweni ePortugal?
A: Kuncike ekutheni umkhiqizo uyingozi kangakanani nokuthi yimuphi umyalelo osebenzayo. Ukusebenzisa iModule A (ukulawulwa kokukhiqiza kwangaphakathi), imikhiqizo eminingi enobungozi obuphansi ingazigunyaza ngokwayo ngumenzi. Kodwa ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuqinisekiswe, imikhiqizo enobungozi obuphezulu njengamadivayisi ezokwelapha kanye nemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu kumele ibandakanye ngokomthetho i-EU-Eduified Notified Body.
Q: Yiliphi izinga le-VAT elisebenza ezimpahleni ezingeniswe e-China ziya e-Portugal?
A: Izinga le-VAT (IVA) elivamile ePortugal lingu-23%, futhi lisebenza ezimpahleni eziningi ezilethwa kuleli lizwe. Izinhlobo ezithile zezinto, njengezinye izinto zokudla nezimpahla eziyisisekelo, zikhokhiswa amazinga aphansi angu-13% no-6%. Inani le-CIF (izindleko zemikhiqizo kanye nokuthunyelwa kanye nomshuwalense) kanye nanoma iyiphi imali yentela isetshenziselwa ukubala i-VAT. Amabhizinisi abhalisele i-VAT ngokuvamile angayithola i-VAT yokungenisa ayikhokhile ngokubuyiselwa kwe-VAT njalo.
Q: Ingabe i-Topway Shipping iphatha ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko yokuthunyelwa ePortugal?
A: Yebo. Njengengxenye yezinsizakalo zayo ezigcwele zokuthutha impahla, i-Topway Shipping inikeza izinsizakalo ezigcwele zokuthutha impahla. I-Topway ibilokhu isebhizinisini lokuthutha impahla emhlabeni wonke iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15. Ochwepheshe bayo bangasiza ngamaphepha okuthutha impahla asePortugal nase-EU, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zaseShayina ezihambisana ne-CE zidlula ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokubambezeleka okungadingekile.
Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuvunyelwa kwempahla evela eShayina ePortugal?
A: Njengoba iPortugal iqhubeka nokwenza izinqubo zayo zamasiko zibe zedijithali nge-portal ye-eAduana, isikhathi esisithathayo ukusula ukuthunyelwa kwedijithali okuhambisanayo siya siba sifushane, manje kuthatha amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 kuphela. Kodwa ukuthunyelwa okungenawo wonke amaphepha afanele, okunama-CE marking angalungile, noma okunamakhodi e-TARIC agqanyisiwe kungase kudingeke kulinde isikhathi eside ukuze kuhlolwe. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kushesha ukuba nawo wonke amaphepha okuthobela imithetho adingekayo ngaphambi kokuba asuke eShayina.
