Izindleko ezengeziwe ze-CNY eziya e-Australia zichaziwe: I-PSS, i-GRI, kanye nezindleko ezifihliwe
Isingeniso
Uma uthutha noma yini esuka eShayina uye e-Australia, uyazi ukuthi intengo oyibonayo kusilinganiso cishe ayiyona intengo ogcina uyikhokhile. Cishe ngonyaka omusha waseShayina (CNY), lo mphumela uba namandla: amashejuli ayaqina, izinkampani zinciphisa ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, imishini iyathuthwa, futhi isikhala siba nzima ukuyithola. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izindleko eziningi zesikhashana zivele kuma-invoyisi anamagama angajwayelekile, futhi avame ukufika ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu sokuhlela isitokwe.
Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngezimali ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene ne-CNY e-Australia, njenge-PSS kanye ne-GRI. Siphinde sichaze kabanzi "ngezindleko ezifihliwe" ezikhuphula ngobuhlakani izindleko zakho zokufika. Iphuzu akukhona ukukufundisa ukufunda ulimi lokuthumela ngekhanda, kodwa ukukusiza uqonde ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zimali, ukuthi zihlonzwe kanjani, ukuthi zivela kanjani ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokuthunyelwa, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uzigweme.
Ukuqonda Ukuthi Kungani i-CNY Ishintsha Amanani Ezimpahla Zasolwandle
Amanani empahla yolwandle ayashintsha ngaso sonke isikhathi, hhayi kanye kuphela. Izinkampani zokuthutha kanye nezinkampani zokuthutha zisabela ekudingweni, umthamo womkhumbi, ukuminyana kwemikhumbi, ukutholakala kwamabhokisi, kanye nokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi. Unyaka Omusha WaseShayina ubeka ingcindezi kuzo zonke lezo zinto ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngaphambi kweholide, amafektri eShayina avame ukuthumela izimpahla ngaphandle, okudala "isikhathi esiphezulu sangaphambi kwe-CNY." Iholide libe selimisa ukukhiqizwa futhi linciphise ukuhamba kwezimpahla emhlabeni, okubangela "igebe langemva kwe-CNY" eliphazamisa imijikelezo yemishini kanye nezinsuku zokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla. Abathwali bavame ukulibazisa ukuhamba ngemikhumbi okuhleliwe lapho isidingo sehla okwesikhashana, kodwa futhi badinga isikhathi sokuhambisa izitsha ezingenalutho lapho ukuthunyelwa kuzoqala khona futhi.
Lezi zinguquko zithinta imigwaqo emikhulu eya nebuya e-Australia, noma ngabe indawo okuyo ikude kakhulu nezimboni zaseShayina. Lapho isikhala sinzima ukutholakala, imakethe ivame ukuvuma ukukhokha okwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale isikhala esiqinisekisiwe. Yingakho iwindi le-CNY liyisikhathi lapho izimali ezengeziwe zivamile khona.
Igama Eliyinhloko #1: I-PSS (Inkokhelo Ephakeme Yesizini)
Okushiwo yi-PSS ekusebenzeni
I-PSS isifinyezo se-Peak Season Surcharge. Ngisho noma inegama elithi “summer peak” egameni, alisho lokho kuphela. Abathwali bezinkampani bafaka lesi sengezo ukuze benze imali lapho isidingo siphezulu kunesikhala esitholakalayo noma lapho belindele ubunzima bokusebenza futhi befisa ukufaka engcupheni.
Uma izinto zithunyelwa zisuka eShayina ziya e-Australia ngentengo ecishe ibe yi-CNY, i-PSS ivame ukwenzeka ngoba abathumeli abaningi bafuna ukuhambisa izimpahla zabo lapho ziya khona ngaphambi kokuba izimboni zivalwe. Abathumeli kungadingeka futhi banciphise umthamo wazo noma babhekane nokungalingani kwemishini. Ngisho noma ivolumu yakho ihlala ifana inyanga nenyanga, i-PSS isengenzeka ngenxa yezimo zemakethe.
Indlela i-PSS ekhokhiswa ngayo
Ngokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL, i-PSS ivame ukukhokhiswa ngesitsha ngasinye, kanti ngokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL, ikhokhiswa ngevolumu ngayinye (CBM) noma isisindo (W/M). Kodwa iyunithi kanye nenani kungashintsha kuye ngokuthi inkampani ithwala malini, umzila, kanye nohlobo lwenkontileka. Inkinga eyodwa evamile ukuthi i-PSS ingase iqaliswe, ishintshwe, noma inwetshwe ngaphandle kwesaziso esincane.
Uma ubona “Ocean Freight: $X” bese kuba “PSS: $Y,” lokho akusho ukuthi othile “wengeze” imali ngemva komcimbi. Ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi inkampani yenethiwekhi ithumele isaziso esisha samanani saleso sikhathi futhi ukuthunyelwa kwakho kufakiwe kuso.
Kungani i-PSS Ingazizwa Ingahleliwe
I-PSS ayisetshenziswa njalo ngendlela efanayo kukho konke ukuhamba ngomkhumbi. Umkhumbi owodwa ungase ube ne-PSS ephezulu kunomunye ohambweni olufanayo ngoba isikhala sihlukile. Uma ukuhamba ngomkhumbi othile kugcwele kakhulu, ingcindezi ye-overcharge iyakhuphuka.
Yingakho futhi "ukubhukha kusenesikhathi" kungasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma ubhukha kusenesikhathi, unethuba elingcono lokuthola indawo, kodwa akukho siqinisekiso sokuthi imali eyengeziwe ngeke ibe khona. Lokho engakwenza ukunciphisa ithuba lokuthi uzothuthelwa emkhunjini olandelayo onemali eyengeziwe ephezulu ngesonto.
Igama Eliyinhloko #2: I-GRI (Ukwenyuka Kwezinga Elijwayelekile)
Kuyini ngempela i-GRI
I-GRI imele ukukhushulwa kwezinga elijwayelekile. I-GRI ivame ukushintsha izinga lokuthwala impahla eliyisisekelo, kodwa i-PSS iphawulwa ngokucacile njengemali eyengeziwe. Abathwali bathi izinga lokuthwala impahla "elijwayelekile" lizokhuphuka ngenani elithile kusukela ngosuku oluthile.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-GRI iwushintsho lwesilinganiso, hhayi intengo yento ethile. Eqinisweni, izingcaphuno eziningi zibonisa njengomugqa ohlukile ukuze imakethe iqhathanise “isilinganiso sesisekelo” kanye “nokwenyuka.” Kodwa umphumela wezomnotho uyafana: izindleko zakho zokuthutha olwandle ziphezulu.
Kungani ama-GRI Evamile E-CNY
Abathwali bezinkampani balwela ukusetha kabusha amanani ngesikhathi sangaphambi nangemva kwe-CNY. Bangase bakhuphule amanani ngoba balindele ibhizinisi eliningi, noma bangase bazame ukugcina amanani afana njengoba umthamo uba mkhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-GRI amaningana amenyezelwa ngokulandelana, futhi uma isidingo sehla, akuwona wonke “anamathela.”
Ngezimpahla eziya e-Australia, ama-GRI angahlelwa ngesikhathi ukuze avumelane nokuhlela inethiwekhi, izintambo zemikhumbi, kanye nemishini yokuhambisa. Akujwayelekile ukuthi i-GRI imenyezelwe isonto elithile bese ishintshwa, ihlehliswe, noma imane isetshenziswe kancane ngokusekelwe endleleni imakethe esabela ngayo.
I-GRI vs PSS: Umehluko Olula
Lena into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule: I-PSS ivame ukuba yimali eyengeziwe, kanti i-GRI ivame ukuba yimali ekhuphukayo ngentengo eyisisekelo. Zombili lezi zinto zizobiza kakhulu, futhi zingenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Igama Eliyinhloko #3: Izindleko Ezifihliwe Ezingachazwa Njalo Ngaphambili
Inkinga “Ngokuphelele” Okungekona Okuphelele Ngempela
Abathumeli abaningi bacela inani "lokufaka konke" ukuze bangatholi lutho olumangazayo. Lokho kulungile, kodwa igama elithi "konke" lisetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene ebhizinisini lezokuthutha. Ezinye izingcaphuno zifaka konke kuze kufike echwebeni, kodwa hhayi endaweni yokugcina impahla. Ezinye ziyimpahla yolwandle kuphela, nokho azifaki izimali zokuya lapho uya khona. Ezinye zifaka izindleko zendawo kodwa hhayi izimali zokuhlola, imithethonqubo, noma izimo eziphuthumayo.
I-CNY yilapho lezi zikhala zilimaza kakhulu ngoba izindleko eziyisisekelo sezivele zishintsha, futhi izinto ezincane ezengeziwe zingase zakhe umehluko omkhulu ezindlekweni zokugcina ezitholiwe.
Izindleko Ezivamile Ezifihliwe Okufanele Zibukwe
Iqembu elilodwa ukuthobela imithetho kanye nemibhalo. Uma imibhalo ingenziwanga ngesikhathi noma ingaqedwanga, impahla ingaphuthelwa ukuhamba okuhleliwe bese kudingeka ilinde umkhumbi olandelayo otholakalayo, okungabiza kancane ngenxa yomjikelezo omusha wenkokhelo eyengeziwe. Lokho akuyona "imali" ngomqondo oqinile, kodwa kuphenduka izindleko.
Elinye iqembu lifaka phakathi izimali zamachweba nezindawo zokugcina izinto ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kohambo. Lezi kungaba izimali zokucubungula izitsha endaweni yokugcina izinto, izimali zesevisi yechweba, izimali zegceke lezitsha, kanye nezinye izindleko zendawo ezihlukile kusukela kwenye ichweba kuya kwenye, kwenye ichweba kuya kwenye, kanye nomthwali kuya komunye.
Kukhona nemiphumela ekuthuthweni kwamaloli kanye nethrafikhi. Ngesikhathi sokujaha kwe-CNY, kungaba nzima ukuqoqa nokuletha izinto. Uma izimpahla zakho zingakalungi lapho iloli lifika lapho, kungase kudingeke ukhokhe imali eyengeziwe yokulethwa kabusha, isikhathi sokulinda, noma ukugoqwa okuqhubekayo.
Esinye isici abaningi abangacabangi ngaso ngokwanele umshwalense. Abanye abathumeli abawuthengi umshwalense ukuze bonge imali, kodwa ngesikhathi sesizini esimatasa, ukubambezeleka noma ukungaphathwa kahle kungabiza kakhulu kuneprimiyamu. Futhi, lokhu akuyona intengo eyengeziwe; kumane kuyingxenye yesithombe sezindleko zangempela.
Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Elisebenzayo: Indlela Izindleko Ezivame Ukuvela Ngayo
Izihloko kanye namanani ezindleko ziyashintsha kuye ngemakethe, kodwa ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindleko zivame ukusethwa kanjani.
| Uhlobo lokushaja | Yini | Indlela Evame Ukusetshenziswa Ngayo | Lapho Ubona Khona | Kungani Kukhula Eduze Kwe-CNY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-PSS | Inkokhiso Yesizini Enkulu | Ngesitsha ngasinye (i-FCL) noma nge-CBM/W/M (i-LCL) | Into yomugqa ehlukile | Ukuqina kwesikhala nokungalingani kwemishini |
| I-GRI | Ukwenyuka Kwesilinganiso Esijwayelekile | Khuphula izinga lokuthutha ulwandle libe yisisekelo | Kuvame ukufakwa noma ukuboniswa njengokwenyuka | Inkampani yenethiwekhi izama ukusetha kabusha amanani ngesikhathi sesikhathi esiphezulu |
| I-BAF | Isici Sokulungisa I-Bunker (esihlobene nophethiloli) | Ngesitsha noma ngeyunithi ngayinye | Into yomugqa ehlukile | Ukuguquguquka kukaphethiloli kanye nezinguquko zenethiwekhi |
| I-CAF | Isici Sokulungiswa Kwemali | Ngesitsha noma ngeyunithi ngayinye | Into yomugqa ehlukile | Ukuguquguquka kwe-FX kanye nothango lwezinkampani |
| I-THC | Inkokhelo Yokuphatha Itheminali | Inkokhelo yendawo lapho isuka khona/lapho uya khona | I-invoyisi yokuqala kanye/noma indawo oya kuyo | Ukuminyana kwesiteshi kanye nezindleko zokusebenza |
| I-DOC | Imali yokubhalisa | Ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye | Irisidi yokudlulisela | Umthwalo womsebenzi ophezulu, imikhawulo yabasebenzi ngaphambi kweholide |
| Ukuvalelwa/Ukuhoxiswa | Izijeziso ezisekelwe esikhathini | Ngosuku ngemuva kwesikhathi samahhala | Irisidi yendawo oya kuyo | Ukubambezeleka, ukuminyana, ukuthathwa kancane ngesikhathi sokuphakama okukhulu |
Akufanele wesabe lolu hlu. Lubonisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa olwandle okubonakala “kulula” kungaba nezingcezu eziningi ezihambayo, kanti i-CNY yenza ukunyakaza kube kukhulu nakakhulu.
Indlela i-PSS ne-GRI ezisebenzisana ngayo nokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL vs LCL
I-FCL: Amayunithi Amakhulu, Ukushintshashintsha Kwezinga Okukhulu
Nge-FCL, izimali ezifana ne-PSS zivame ukubonakala zilula ngoba zikhokhiswa isitsha ngasinye. Uma uthumela izitsha ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, umphumela ucacile futhi uyashesha. Ama-GRI nawo angaba makhulu ngoba amanani ayisisekelo ngesitsha ngasinye angashintsha ngokushesha ezikebheni ezidumile.
Ngesikhathi se-CNY, i-FCL inzima hhayi nje ngenxa yezindleko, kodwa futhi ngoba awekho amathuluzi anele atholakalayo. Usadinga uhlobo olufanele lwesitsha endaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele, noma ngabe usukulungele ukukhokha. Ukuhlela kuba kubaluleke kakhulu uma uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka luncike ezinhlotsheni ezithile zemishini, njengezitsha ezinama-cube aphezulu.
I-LCL: Izinto Eziningi Zomugqa, Ukuphrinta Okuncane Okuningi
Ngenxa yokuthi izindleko ngezinye izikhathi zisekelwe emithethweni yesisindo noma yokulinganisa noma ngokwe-CBM ngayinye, i-LCL ingabonisa ukwenziwa kwezinto okukhulu. I-PSS ingabonakala njengentengo eyengeziwe nge-CBM ngayinye, futhi ukuphathwa endaweni oya kuyo kungangeza izinto ezimbalwa ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye kanye neyunithi ngayinye.
I-LCL ingasebenza kahle ngamanani amancane, kodwa kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuhlanganisa cishe i-CNY. Ukuthunyelwa kungadingeka kulinde isikhathi eside lapho kuqala khona uma i-consolidator ingakwazi ukwakha ibhokisi lonke ngokushesha okwanele. Leso sikhathi sokulinda singabangela ukuthi kudingeke ugcine izinto endaweni yokugcina impahla noma ushintshe umkhumbi ogcina ukuwo, okushintsha isisekelo sentengo.
Kungani “Izindleko Ezifihliwe” Zenzeka Ngisho Noma Kungekho Ongathembekile
Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi izimali ezifihliwe zikhona ngoba othile uzama ukweba imali. Lokho kwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi emakethe, kodwa isikhathi esiningi kungenxa yendlela izinto ezihlelwe ngayo.
Izimali zomthwali ziyakhuphuka futhi zehle. Amanani amachweba ayashintsha. Ama-terminal ashintsha amanani awo. Imakethe yamaloli iyashintsha nsuku zonke. Umthumeli anganikeza intengo kuphela ngokusekelwe kulokho akwaziyo okwamanje nalokho okusezandleni zakhe. “Izindleko ezifihliwe” zimane “ziyizindleko ezingamboziwe yi-scope” uma ikhotheshini ingasho ukuthi iyini i-scope.
Yingakho umbuzo ongcono kakhulu ongawubuza ungesiwo othi “Ingabe leli nani lishibhile?” kodwa uthi “Yini ngempela efakiwe, futhi ishintsha nini?” Izinto zishintsha ngokushesha kulo lonke elase-CNY.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Ingozi Yokukhokhiswa Kwe-CNY Ngaphandle Kokuqagela Imakethe
Ayikho indlela eyodwa yokuqeda zonke izimali, kodwa unganciphisa izinto ezimangazayo futhi uvimbele amaphutha abizayo kakhulu.
Enye indlela enhle yokwenza lokhu ukuvala ukulungela imithwalo kusenesikhathi kunokujwayelekile. Uma uthatha isikhathi eside ukupakisha, ukulebula, noma ukuba namaphepha alungele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwakho kungadlulela kalula esontweni elihlukile lokukhokhisa. Lelo phutha elincane ngesikhathi lingakubiza kakhulu kunomehluko wesilinganiso sempahla enivumelene ngaso.
Enye indlela yokwenza lokhu ukufaka isivikelo esu lakho lokunikeza impahla. Uma udinga ukuhambisa izimpahla e-Australia ngosuku oluthile, cabanga nge-CNY njengesikhathi sokungaqiniseki bese uhlela ukuthi zifike kusenesikhathi. Ukuthumela kusenesikhathi kungaba kubi kakhulu kunokuthumela esimweni esiphuthumayo kamuva.
Ungase futhi ufune ukucabanga ngokuthi umzila uguquguqukayo kangakanani. Ngezinye izikhathi ungagwema ukuhamba ngomkhumbi okumatasa kakhulu ngokushintshela kwelinye ichweba noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside sokuthutha. Lokhu kuncike ekutheni udinga umkhiqizo wakho ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi amakhasimende akho alindeleni.
Okokugcina, sebenzisana kuphela nabalingani abangachaza kahle ukuthi izindleko zisebenza kanjani. Uma umuntu othumela imali engakutshela ukuthi yiziphi izindleko ezilawulwa yinkampani, i-terminal, kanye nokusebenza, ungenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile esikhundleni sokuphendula nje ezindleleni zokukhokha.
Isiphetho
Izindleko ezengeziwe zokuthumela i-CNY e-Australia akuyona nje imali engavamile; ziyiqembu lezinhlelo zamanani ezisabela ezinkingeni zangempela ngomthamo, ukuhamba kwemishini, kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza. I-PSS ivame ukuba yimali eyengeziwe ecacile, kodwa i-GRI ivame ukuba ukwanda okukhulu kwamanani empahla yolwandle. Kukhona nezindleko ezifihliwe ezivela ezikhaleni ezisesilinganisweni, izinguquko esiteshini sendawo kanye nokuguquguquka kwamaloli, kanye nezinguquko ohlelweni lwesikhathi oluhambisa ukuthunyelwa emafasiteleni ahlukahlukene entengo.
Uma ucabanga nge-CNY njengomcimbi wesizini ojwayelekile futhi uhlela ukubhukha kwakho, amaphepha, kanye nokulungiselela imithwalo ngesikhathi esiningi kunokujwayelekile, ungagwema izindleko ezengeziwe ezimangazayo futhi ugcine izindleko zakho zokufika zizinzile ngisho namasonto lapho amanani enyuka futhi ehla.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
U: Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-PSS ne-GRI?
A: I-PSS imvamisa iyimali eyengeziwe esetshenziswa entengweni yempahla ngezikhathi ezimatasa, kanti i-GRI imvamisa iyimali evamile yokwenyuka kwesilinganiso sempahla uqobo. Zombili zikhuphula izindleko zakho eziphelele, kodwa zikwenza ngezindlela ezahlukene nangezikhathi ezahlukene.
Q: Ingabe ukukhokhiswa okwengeziwe kwe-CNY akunakugwenywa lapho kuthunyelwa kusuka eShayina kuya e-Australia?
A: Azidingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, yize zenzeka kakhulu. Ngisho noma ungakwazi ukuzivimbela, unganciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho ngokuhlela kusenesikhathi, uqinisekise ukuthi umthwalo wakho usukulungele, futhi ungangeni ezikhathini ezibiza kakhulu.
Q: Kungani izingcaphuno "zonke-zonke" zisagcina zinezindleko ezengeziwe?
Impendulo: “Konke okungaphakathi” kungase kumboze indawo ethile kuphela, njengokuthutha olwandle oluya echwebeni, futhi kungabandakanyi izindleko zokuya lapho uya khona, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, indawo yokugcina, ukususwa kwezindleko/ukuboshwa, noma izimali ezengeziwe zokuthwala ezitholakala ngemva kokubhukha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwenza kube sobala ububanzi nokushintsha izimo.
U: Ingabe ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kubhekene nezindleko ezifihliwe kakhulu kunokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL?
A: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuvame ukuqukatha izindleko ezinemininingwane eminingi ngoba izindleko zihlukaniswa phakathi kokuhlanganiswa, ukuphathwa, kanye nokubalwa kweyunithi ngayinye. Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-LCL ayilungile, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele ubheke ngokucophelela okufakiwe.
U: Ngingazibikezela kanjani izindleko zami zokufika ngokunemba okukhulu ngesikhathi se-CNY?
A: Cela ikhotheshini echaza imithwalo eyisisekelo, izimali ezengeziwe zokuthwala impahla, kanye nezindleko zendawo, bese ucela incazelo yokuthi yiziphi izinto ezibekiwe nokuthi yiziphi ezingashintsha. Cabanga futhi ngengozi yokubambezeleka okungaholela ekugcinweni noma ezinkokhelweni ezisekelwe esikhathini.
U: Ingabe umhlinzeki wezokuthutha angasiza ekunciphiseni lezi zimanga ezihlobene ne-CNY?
A: Yebo. Umhlinzeki onekhono akagcini nje ngokukunikeza intengo; futhi uyakusiza ukuthi uhlele ukuthi uzobhukha nini, uzothumela nini amaphepha, ukuthi unganquma kanjani umzila ongcono kakhulu, nokuthi yiziphi izindleko ezifakiwe. I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics kusukela ngo-2010. Ithimba lethu elisungule lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni kwezokuthutha kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwempahla yamasiko, ngokugxila kakhulu ekuthuthweni phakathi kwe-US neShayina. Izinsizakalo zethu zimboza lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha, kusukela kwezokuthutha zokuqala kuya ogwini lolwandle. kugcinwa ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko kuya ekulethweni okuhamba ibanga elide. Siphinde sinikeze izinsizakalo zokuthutha olwandle ezivela eShayina kuya emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni wonke asebenziseka kalula ekuthunyelweni kwemithwalo egcwele (i-FCL) kanye nemithwalo engaphansi kwemithwalo (i-LCL).
