Ukusuka e-Yiwu kuya e-Belgrade: Ingabe Kuyakufanelekela Ukuthola I-Premium?
Hamba kunoma yisiphi isifunda sendawo yokugcina impahla eBelgrade futhi isimo siyafana: amashalofu agcwele izimpahla ezincane, imikhiqizo ejwayelekile kanye nezimpahla zabathengi ezithengwa cishe endaweni eyodwa kuphela - i-Yiwu, eShayina. Umkhakha wokungenisa impahla waseSerbia isikhathi eside uthembele emakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yezimpahla ezincane futhi lokho kuxhumana kuyathuthuka ngokushesha. Ngo-2024, iSerbia yangenisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.55 evela eShayina, kusukela ku-$4.87 billion ngonyaka odlule - ukwenyuka okungu-14% konyaka owodwa okugcizelela ukuthi lo mzila ube bucayi kangakanani.
Phakathi kwakho konke lokhu, umbuzo owodwa osebenzayo uyaqhubeka uvela phakathi kwabangenisi, abathengisi be-e-commerce kanye nezinkampani zokuhweba: ingabe ukhokha imali eyengeziwe ngokulethwa endlini ngendlu noma ingabe enye indlela eshibhile yokudlulisa imali ethe xaxa iyona engcono kakhulu? Isixazululo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho abathengisi abaningi bezokuthutha abazokutshela kona. Le ndatshana inqamula umsindo wokumaketha, ihlaziya izindleko zangempela, ibheka indlela entsha yokuhweba eyenziwe yiSivumelwano Sokuhweba Samahhala saseShayina neSerbia, futhi ikutshela ngqo ukuthi ukuhamba indlu ngendlu kufanelekelani yonke i-dinar - nokuthi kunini lapho kungenjalo.
Umzila Wezohwebo waseYiwu-Belgrade: Kungani Kubalulekile Njengamanje
Ubambiswano phakathi kweShayina neSerbia lukhule kusukela ekuxhumaneni okuqondile phakathi komthengi nomthengisi lwaba yinye ohulumeni ababili manje abayibiza ngokuthi “ubungane bensimbi.” Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele kweShayina eSerbia kudlule amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10, okuhlanganisa nokutshalwa kwezimali emandleni, ingqalasizinda, kanye nokukhiqiza. Kodwa ukuhweba okulinganiselwe - amakhonteyina ezimpahla ezivela ezitolo zemakethe ze-Yiwu kuya kubathengisi baseSerbia - okuhlanganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwansuku zonke komzila.
Intuthuko yakamuva ebaluleke kakhulu yiSivumelwano Sokuhweba Okukhululekile esisebenza ngoJulayi 1, 2024, esenza iSerbia ibe yizwe lokuqala laseYurophu ukusayina isivumelwano se-FTA esiphakathi neChina. Amanani azosuswa ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kuka-60% zemikhiqizo ngokushesha, ngenhloso yokuhweba okungenantela engu-95% eminyakeni eminingana. Lokho kwenza izibalo zamasiko zihluke kakhulu kubangenisi. Imisebenzi eyayivame ukwandisa izindleko zokungenisa izimpahla zabathengi, ifenisha, amathoyizi namagajethi ngo-8-20%, manje isise-zero, noma yehla ngokushesha. Lokho kunomthelela oqondile endleleni okudingeka ucabange ngayo ngamanani okungena endlini ngendlu kanye nezindleko eziphelele zokungenisa.
Okwamanje, i-China-Europe Railway Express enendawo ekhethekile yokuhamba e-Yiwu isibe yindlela ezinzile yezimpahla. Izitimela ezivela e-Yiwu ziya ezikhungweni zase-Central Europe zihamba kathathu njalo ngeviki, zifika esikhungweni sesitimela saseJalimane eDuisburg ezinsukwini ezingu-16-18, kanti ukuxhumana kweloli eBelgrade kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine. Isitimela asiseyona enye indlela engaphandle; kuyisinqumo esizenzakalelayo sezinto ezithinta isikhathi ezingafaneleki. umthwalo wezindiza amanani entengo.
Lokho Okushiwo Ukuthunyelwa Kwendlu Ngendlu Empeleni
Umqondo “wokungena endlini ngendlu” uyinkulumo ebanzi emkhakheni wezimpahla nokuthi ukukhululeka kudala ukudideka okukhulu. Ukungena endlini ngendlu okumsulwa kusho ukuthi umhlinzeki oyedwa uthatha izimpahla zakho efektri yomhlinzeki noma i-warehouse e-Yiwu bese eziletha ekhelini elithile eBelgrade – enakekela konke okunye: ukuthutha amaloli ngaphakathi ezweni, imikhuba yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe eShayina, ulwandle noma umzila wesitimela, ukungenisa amasiko eSerbia kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide.
Umehluko omkhulu ukhona ngezinsizakalo ze-DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) kanye ne-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) zokungena endlini ngendlu. I-DDU isho ukuthi umuntu othumela impahla uphatha izinto zokuthutha futhi ukuthunyelwa kwakho kulethwa emnyango wakho kodwa kusadingeka ukhokhe izindleko zamasiko zaseSerbia kanye ne-VAT lapho impahla yakho ifika. Uma i-DDP isetshenziswa ngokugcwele, umuntu othumela impahla ukhokha zonke izimali kusengaphambili - intela, i-VAT, izimali zokuhlanza impahla - futhi uzifaka ku-invoyisi eyodwa. I-DDP inguqulo yangempela 'engenakukhathazeka'. I-DDU iyindlela yokuthutha impahla endlini ngendlu kodwa akuyona umthwalo wezezimali wendlu ngendlu. Njalo thola ukuthi iyiphi insizakalo oyicashunwayo ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa amanani.
Izindlela Zokuthumela Ziqhathaniswa: Isivinini, Izindleko, kanye Nokufaneleka
Ngezansi isifinyezo esisebenzayo sezindlela ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokuthumela ngomkhumbi emzileni we-Yiwu-Belgrade:
| Indlela | Isikhathi Sokuthutha | Izinga lezindleko | Ukusuka Emnyango Ngendlu? | Okuhle kakhulu |
| Ukuhamba Ulwandle (LCL) | Izinsuku eziyi-35-45 | $ | Akuphoqelekile | Imithwalo emikhulu engaphuthumi |
| Impahla Yasolwandle (FCL) | Izinsuku eziyi-35-45 | $$ | Akuphoqelekile | Isitsha esigcwele, izindleko zeyunithi eziphansi |
| I-China-Europe Rail | Izinsuku eziyi-18-25 | $$ | Yebo (ngomlenze weloli) | Ukuthunyelwa kosayizi omaphakathi, okuzwela isikhathi |
| I-Air Freight | Izinsuku eziyi-5-8 | $$$$ | Yebo | Impahla ephuthumayo, enenani eliphezulu, elula |
| I-Express Courier | Izinsuku eziyi-3-7 | $ $ 1 | Yebo | Amaphasela amancane, amasampula |
Izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzichaze kabanzi. Ukuthutha ngomkhumbi kuseyiyona nto ebalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokuthutha izinto eziningi ezingadingeki ngokushesha. Ake sithi une-container egcwele imikhiqizo yesizini oyi-ode kusenesikhathi. Isikhathi sokuhamba siyizinsuku ezingu-35-45 okuyinto ende kodwa izindleko nge-m3 ngayinye azinakuqhathaniswa. Ukuthutha ngomkhumbi kuyindlela ekhethwayo yokuthutha ngobukhulu obuphakathi lapho isikhathi sokuhola samaviki amane kuya kwayisithupha sihamba kancane kakhulu, kodwa ukuthutha ngomkhumbi kubiza kakhulu. Kwabaningi abangenisa impahla, uhambo oluhlanganisiwe lwezinsuku ezingu-18-25 phakathi kwesitimela neloli ukusuka e-Yiwu ukuya eBelgrade luyindawo enhle. Ukuthutha ngomkhumbi kanye ne-courier esheshayo kunengqondo kuphela uma izimpahla zilula, zinenani eliphezulu noma zibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi.
Isixwayiso esisodwa esikhulu: Amashejuli esitimela aphuma e-Yiwu okwamanje angoMsombuluko, uLwesine noLwesihlanu. Ukungafiki esiphethweni sokuthunyelwa kwakho kunganciphisa inzuzo yesikhathi esifushane sokuhamba. Yakha isikhathi esibekiwe ekuhleleni kwakho.
Izindleko Zangempela Zokuhamba Umnyango Nomnyango: Lokho Okumbozwa Yi-Premium
Iphutha elikhulu mayelana nokuthunyelwa endlini ngendlu ukuthi umane ukhokha inani elifanele lesevisi ongazilungiselela yona. Awukho. Udlula engcupheni, ugwema izindleko zokuhlanganisa, kanye nokukhokha kusengaphambili okungaba yisimanga.
Ngezansi ukuqhathaniswa kokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL okusebenzayo (cishe imikhiqizo emi-5 ejwayelekile ye-CBM kusuka ekhelini lokugcina impahla lase-Yiwu kuya eBelgrade) echwebeni kuya kwelinye vs imigomo ephelele ye-DDP emnyango kuya komunye:
| Izindleko | Imbobo Eya Echwebeni (DIY) | Umnyango Nomnyango (DDP) |
| Ukuthutha Ulwandle / Isitimela | ~$1,200–$2,000 (LCL) | Kufakiwe |
| Ukuthutha Amaloli Angaphakathi Ezwe laseShayina | ~$80–$150 | Kufakiwe |
| Imvume Yentela YaseSerbia | ~$150–$300 (imali yomthengisi) | Kufakiwe |
| Intela Yokungenisa (isilinganiso esingu-12%) | Isibopho somthengi | Kufakiwe (DDP) |
| I-VAT yaseSerbia (20%) | Isibopho somthengi | Kufakiwe (DDP) |
| Ukulethwa kwe-Last-Mile | ~$100–$250 (hlela endaweni yangakini) | Kufakiwe |
| Ingozi Yokugcina Izinto Ezigciniwe/Ukulahlekelwa Yimpahla | Kuphezulu uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka | I-Low - forwarder iyamunca |
| Izindleko Zesikhathi Nokuphatha | Okubalulekile (amaqembu amaningi) | Okuncane (umhlinzeki oyedwa) |
Uma ubheka kuqala, isilinganiso sempahla esiyinhloko se-port-to-port sibukeka sishibhile. Kodwa faka umthengisi wezimpahla waseSerbia, intela yokungenisa impahla, i-VAT kanye nokulethwa kwendawo kanye nezindleko eziphelele zokufika kwehle kakhulu. Kumaphrofayili amaningi okuthunyelwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwe-FTA lapho intela ezigabeni eziningi yehle yaya ku-zero, intengo ye-DDP ephelele ingaba nokuncintisana noma iphansi kunezindleko eziqongelelwe zokukwenza ngokwakho, uma usucabangele isikhathi sakho kanye nengozi yokulahlekelwa okungalindelekile noma izindleko zokugcina impahla.
Nokho, kunenkokhelo enkulu yezinto ezisenentela kuzo. Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile laseSerbia lihlala lingu-20% wenani lentela kanye nezintela. I-DDP ephethe ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla izovikela ukuvezwa kwezindleko zayo ngokufaka imajini phezu kwenkokhelo yangempela yentela ezigabeni zemikhiqizo enentela ephezulu. Izinga umhlinzeki aveza ngalo lokhu liyahlukahluka kakhulu.
I-FTA yaseShayina neSerbia: Ushintsho Olumangalisayo Ezindleleni Zokufika
Isivumelwano Sokuhweba Okukhululekile sikaJulayi 2024 siphinde sichaze kabusha ukubalwa kwamasiko cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zezimpahla ezihamba ngomgwaqo i-Yiwu-Belgrade. Izinga lentela elijwayelekile eSerbia lalingu-12%, kanti amanani ahluka kusukela ku-0% kuya ku-30% kuye ngomkhiqizo. I-FTA yasusa ngokushesha intela emigqeni yentela engaphezu kuka-60%. Okunye kwaqedwa esikhathini seminyaka emithathu kuya kweyishumi.
| Isigaba somkhiqizo | Izinga Lomsebenzi Wangaphambi Kwe-FTA | Ngemuva kwe-FTA (kusukela ngoJulayi 2024) |
| Ama-electronics abathengi | I-5-10% | 0% (ukususwa okusheshayo) |
| Izindwangu nezingubo | I-12-20% | Ukwehla kancane kancane eminyakeni emi-5 |
| Ifenisha nempahla yasekhaya | I-8-15% | 0% (ukususwa okusheshayo) |
| Amathoyizi nemidlalo | 10% | 0% (ukususwa okusheshayo) |
| Imishini nemishini | I-3-7% | 0% noma ukunciphisa ngezigaba |
| Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki nerabha | I-6-12% | Ishejuli yokwehlisa izigaba |
Empeleni, lokhu kusho izinto ezimbili kubangenisi. Okokuqala, uma ungenisa imikhiqizo engenamthelo, "inzuzo ye-DDP" yokuba nenkokhelo yentela yokuphatha yomthengisi incishisiwe ngoba akukho sibopho sokukhathazeka ngaso. Inani le-DDP lishintsha kakhulu ukuze kube lula, ubulula be-invoyisi eyodwa kanye nekhono lokususa intela esikhundleni sokumbozwa kwentela. Okwesibili, iSerbia ine-VAT engu-20% cishe kuzo zonke izinto ezingeniswayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona i-FTA, ngakho-ke izindleko azishintshi futhi kusafanele ukuba nochwepheshe akwenze kahle ukuze agweme ukubala amaphutha aholela ekuhlolweni.
Into eyodwa ebalulekile: Izinzuzo ze-FTA azizenzakaleli. Izinto zakho kumele zihlangabezane nemithetho yezindinganiso zokuqala - ngokuvamile okusho ukuthi izimpahla kumele zenziwe kakhulu eShayina. Izimpahla eziningi ezitholakala ngqo esisekelweni sokukhiqiza se-Yiwu ziyafaneleka, kanti lezo ezipakishwe kabusha noma ezifakwe ilebula kabusha izimpahla zezwe lesithathu azifaneleki. Hlola ukuthi ukuqala kuyahambisana nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuthi kuncike entengo ye-zero tax.
Izindleko Ezifihliwe Zokuya Echwebeni Eliya Echwebeni
Abathumeli bezimpahla abakhetha i-port-to-port, ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi imigomo ye-FOB noma ye-CFR, ngomzamo wokonga imali bavame ukuthola ukuthi ukonga kuyanyamalala ezindleleni ezifihliwe ezingakaze zifakwe entengo yokuqala yokuthutha. Sidinga ukuqonda lezi zindleko ukuze sikwazi ukwenza ukuqhathanisa okuqotho.
Ukuvezwa kokuqala kuwukuthengiselana ngezimpahla zamasiko. Nakuba kungenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe ukuhlanza imikhiqizo ngamasiko aseSerbia ngaphandle komthengiselani ofanelekayo, lokhu akunakwenzeka kwabaningi abangenisa impahla. Ukuthunyelwa okujwayelekile kwe-LCL kuvame ukubiza u-$150–$300 ngemali yomthengiselani, ukuthunyelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okunezigaba eziningana zemikhiqizo noma izitifiketi ezikhethekile kubiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSerbia ifuna imibhalo efana ne-invoyisi yezentengiselwano enenombolo ye-HS efanele, uhlu oluphelele lokupakisha kanye ne-Bill of Lading noma i-Airway Bill. Amaphutha kula madokhumenti angaholela ekugcinweni kwezimpahla zamasiko, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kanye nezimali zokugcina ezikhula nsuku zonke.
Izindleko zesibili ezifihliwe abangenisi bokuqala abangalindele yi-demurrage kanye ne-port storage. Uma umthengisi wakho wendawo noma umlingani wezokuthutha engakakulungeli ukuqoqa imithwalo ngokushesha nje lapho eqeda intela, izimpahla ezihlala echwebeni laseSerbia noma esiteshini sesitimela ziqoqa imali yokugcina yansuku zonke. Ukuze uthole imvume yokuhamba kancane ekuthunyelweni okuphakathi nendawo lezi zindleko zingaba ngaphezu kuka-$500 - $1,000 ngokushesha. Awunalo le ngozi ngomhlinzeki wendlu ngendlu osevele enenethiwekhi yabalingani bendawo - uchungechunge lwezokuthutha seluvele luhlanganisiwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
Okokugcina, kukhona izindleko zokuxhumanisa - amahora wena noma ithimba lakho eniwachitha nithumela ama-imeyili kubantu abaningana, nilandela izibuyekezo zesimo, nihlanganisa ama-invoyisi avela kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo abathathu abahlukene, kanye nokuphatha okuhlukile. Ezinkampanini ezithumela kaningi noma ezintsha emakethe yaseSerbia, lezi zindleko zokuphatha zinkulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi azinakwa ekuhlaziyweni kwezindleko.
7. Lapho Ukungena Endlini Ngendlu Kubaluleke Kakhulu
Ukulethwa kwe-DDP endlini ngendlu kuyafaneleka ezimweni ezimbalwa ezihlukile. Okokuqala uma ungumdlali omusha emakethe yaseSerbia. Ngaphandle kobudlelwano obukhona nomthengisi wendawo wentela noma umlingani wamaloli othembekile eBelgrade, ingozi yokusebenza kwe-port-to-port iphezulu. Ukususwa okukodwa okulibazisekile noma umkhiqizo ongahlelwanga kahle ungakubiza kakhulu emalini yokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokulungisa kunokuba iprimiyamu yendlu ngendlu ibingakubiza kwasekuqaleni.
Okwesibili kungokwezimpahla ezithinta isikhathi sonyaka noma ezithinta isikhathi. Uma uthumela izinto zikaKhisimusi, imikhiqizo yokubuyela esikoleni noma yimuphi umkhiqizo onosuku oluqinile lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ukuthembeka kwenkonzo yomnyango nomnyango kwenza izindleko zifaneleke. Ngenkathi umsebenzi we-DIY uzohluka ekudlulisweni ngakunye, inethiwekhi yezokuthutha ehlelwe kusengaphambili izohlala iletha ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esicashuniwe.
Okwesithathu, ukuhamba indlu ngendlu kuyabiza kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwe-LCL kwezigaba ezixubile. Uma ukuthunyelwa kunezimpahla ezahlukahlukene ezinamakhodi e-HS ahlukene kanye namanani entela ahlukahlukene, ukuhlukaniswa kwentela kuba nzima. Umthumeli onolwazi unciphisa amathuba okuhlukaniswa kabi kanye nezijeziso ezilandelayo. Isimo sesine - amabhizinisi afuna ukuthembeka kwemali engenayo. Ukwenza isabelomali kulula nge-invoyisi eyodwa evela kumthengisi oyedwa, futhi akukho okumangazayo okubi ngenkokhelo yentela yentela efika emavikini ngemva kwemikhiqizo.
Lapho Kufanele Ucabangele I-Port-to-Port Esikhundleni Salokho
Ukungqongqoza emnyango akusona ikhambi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwabangenisi abanolwazi nabaningi abanabathengisi bezimpahla eBelgrade, abasebenzi abaqonda izinqubo zokungenisa impahla eSerbia kanye nenkontileka yamaloli asuka kwelinye ichweba aye kwelinye, ivame ukunikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Njengoba wazi indawo, ungenza ngcono umjikelezo ngamunye wohambo ngokwawo futhi ungakhokhi imali yokudlulisela impahla endaweni yokulethwa.
Esinye isibonelo lapho i-port-to-port ivame ukuba nomqondo ongcono ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL (umthwalo ogcwele we-container). Ukuthunyelwa kwe-container engamafidi angu-20 noma amamitha angu-40 kulula ngokwanele ukuthi ukwenza i-destination clearance ngokwakho kuyasebenza. I-Sea Freight yokuthunyelwa kwe-Container engamafidi angu-20 kusuka eShayina kuya eSerbia: Amanani e-port-to-port olwandle avame ukusuka ku-$2,050 kuya ku-$4,250 kuye ngokuthi i-port isuka kuphi kanye nesizini. Uma unengqalasizinda, ukwengeza ukusatshalaliswa kwakho kwendawo phezulu kusasebenza kahle.
Ngokufanayo, impikiswano yokukhokha iphrimiyamu ye-DDP ibuthakathaka kakhulu uma yonke imikhiqizo yakho isesigabeni se-FTA esingenamsebenzi futhi unomthengisi wendawo othembekile. Ukhokhela ngempela ukuze kube lula, hhayi ukuthi umuntu othumelayo athathe ingozi yentela engasekho.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okusingathwa Ngayo Lo Mzila
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen futhi yasungulwa ngo-2010, yakha ingqalasizinda yokusebenza eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule eyenza insizakalo yokungena endlini ngendlu emizileni enzima njenge-Yiwu-Belgrade ibe ethembekile ngempela, hhayi nje ethembisiwe. Ithimba labasunguli benkampani liletha ulwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-15 ekuthuthweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokususwa kwempahla yamasiko, futhi linobuchwepheshe obujulile obuthuthukiswe ekuqaleni emizileni emikhulu phakathi kweShayina ne-US eye yanwebeka yaya emigwaqweni yaseYurophu.
Okuhlukanisa iTopway nezinye izinkampani ezisemzileni we-Yiwu-Belgrade ukumbozwa okubanzi kwensizakalo. Le nkampani iphatha uchungechunge oluphelele lwezokuthutha: ukuhamba ngamaloli okuqala ukusuka e-Yiwu kuya echwebeni noma esiteshini sesitimela esiseduze, intela yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe e-China, imithwalo yolwandle noma yesitimela, ukususwa kwentela ekugcineni kweSerbia kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina emnyango womthumeli. I-Topway ingamukela i-FCL noma i-LCL, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumthumeli othumela iphalethi elilodwa noma inhlangano yokuhweba edinga ukuhambisa amakhonteyina aphelele ngomjikelezo wanyanga zonke. Ukuguquguquka okunjalo kubalulekile emzileni we-Yiwu lapho ubukhulu bokuthunyelwa buhluka kakhulu kuye ngobuningi bomthengi kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo.
Ngasohlangothini lwezentela, ithimba le-Topway linolwazi ekuqondeni izidingo zemibhalo yokwamukelwa kwemvume yokungenisa eSerbia - okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi ye-HS efanele, ukuhambisana nezidingo zokuqala ze-FTA entsha yaseShayina-Serbia kanye nokuphatha izitifiketi ezithile zomkhiqizo zezigaba zezimpahla ezilawulwayo. Kwabangenisi bokuqala eSerbia, ukubambisana nensizakalo esivele iqonda umkhuba wezentela wendawo kususa ingozi enkulu yokusebenza.
I-Topway iphinde inikeze isevisi ye-DDP njengesixazululo se-invoyisi esisodwa sangempela hhayi iqoqo elihlanganisiwe lama-quotes avela eceleni. Isu lenkampani eliqondile lamanani - kufaka phakathi izimpahla, ukusulwa kwentela, amanani entela, ukucutshungulwa kwe-VAT kanye nokulethwa kokugcina - lenzelwe izinkampani ezidinga ukuqiniseka ngokwezezimali futhi ezingafuni ubunzima bezokuthutha buphazamise ibhizinisi lazo eliyinhloko. Ezinkampanini ezifisa ukwenza isinyathelo, ithimba le-Topway lilungele ukunikeza amanani afanele ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwempahla, isisindo, kanye nesheduli yokulethwa.
Isiphetho
Umzila we-Yiwu-Belgrade usungena esigabeni esisha. Izibalo zomsebenzi ziguqulwe yiSivumelwano Sokuhweba Okukhululekile saseShayina-Serbia, iwashi licindezelwe yi-China-Europe Railway Express, futhi ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha ezungeze lo mzila ikhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokomela kweSerbia izimpahla zaseShayina okukhuphuka ngokushesha. Kulowo mongo umbuzo wendlu ngendlu awulula ngokuthi yebo noma cha. Kungumsebenzi wezinga lakho lolwazi, iphrofayili yokuthunyelwa, isigaba somkhiqizo nokuthi ukwazisa kangakanani ukubikezela ngaphezu kokulawula.
Kwabaningi abangenisa impahla abancane nabaphakathi nendawo, isinqumo esiqotho yilesi: i-DDP yokungena endlini ngendlu ifanele izindleko ezengeziwe uma umusha emakethe, uthumela izinto ezithinta isikhathi, usebenzelana nezigaba zemikhiqizo ezahlukahlukene, noma umane ufisa ukuba lula kwe-invoyisi eyodwa. Njengoba ukhula futhi uthuthukisa ulwazi lwendawo, i-calculus iyashintsha futhi i-port-to-port ingaba yindlela ehlakaniphile. Icebo ukuhlanganisa izindleko eziphelele - hhayi nje isilinganiso sezimpahla - ngaphambi kokuthi unqume. Futhi noma ngabe iyiphi imodeli oyisebenzisayo, ukusebenza nomhlinzeki owazi ngempela izinhlangothi zombili zomzila we-Yiwu-Belgrade kuzokongela imali eningi, isikhathi, kanye nobunzima kunanoma yikuphi ukuxoxisana ngamanani okungake kwenzeke.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthunyelwa kwempahla endlini ngendlu kusuka e-Yiwu kuya e-Belgrade?
A: Ukuhamba okujwayelekile ukusuka emnyango kuya emnyango kuyizinsuku ezingama-20-28 kusukela ekuthathweni ngesitimela kusuka kumhlinzeki e-Yiwu kuya ekulethweni eBelgrade. Impahla yolwandle isuka emnyango iye komunye ithatha izinsuku ezingama-38-50. Impahla yomoya ithatha izinsuku eziyi-7-12 kufaka phakathi ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Q: Ingabe iSerbia isakhokhisa intela yokungenisa impahla yaseShayina ngemva kwe-FTA ka-2024?
A: Ingabe zonke izigaba azikhokhiswa intela manje? A: Izigaba eziningi manje azikhokhiswa intela, kodwa akuzona zonke. Izindleko ezingaphezu kuka-60% wemigqa yemikhiqizo zasuswa ngokushesha ngoJulayi 1, 2024. Izigaba ezisele ziyaqedwa esikhathini seminyaka engu-3-10. I-VAT engu-20% yaseSerbia isasebenza kuzo zonke izinto ezingeniswayo kungakhathalekile isimo se-FTA. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqedele imodeli yakho yezindleko, hlola kabili isimo sentela sekhodi yakho ye-HS.
Q: Yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze kungeniswe izimpahla ezivela eShayina eSerbia?
A: Amadokhumenti abalulekile yi-invoyisi yezentengiselwano (enekhodi ye-HS elungile, inani elimenyezelwe kanye ne-Incoterm), uhlu lokupakisha olunemininingwane kanye ne-Bill of Lading (yasolwandle) noma i-Airway Bill (yendiza/esheshayo). Eminye imikhiqizo ingadinga nezitifiketi zokuhambisana, izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary noma amashidi e-MSDS ezimpahla ezilawulwayo. I-DDP forwarder ivame ukuphatha konke lokhu ngawe.
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesevisi ye-DDP ne-DDU yokungena endlini ngendlu?
A: Ngaphansi kwe-DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid), umthumeli uletha izinto ekhelini lakho kodwa uzokhokha izindleko zentela zaseSerbia kanye ne-VAT lapho izimpahla zifika. I-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) – Umthumeli ukhokha yonke imisebenzi kanye nezintela kusengaphambili futhi ukhokhisa i-invoyisi eyodwa yenani lonke. I-DDP ilula, futhi ayinazo izindleko ezimangazayo. I-DDU ingase ishibhile ngokombono, kodwa idlulisela ingozi yentela kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo kumthengi.
Q: Ingabe i-Topway Shipping iyakwazi ukusingatha kokubili ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL encane kanye nokuthunyelwa okuphelele kweziqukathi?
A: Yebo. I-Topway Shipping inikeza izinsizakalo ze-FCL (Full Container Load) kanye ne-LCL (Less than Container Load) ezivela eShayina kuya kuzo zonke izikhumulo ezinkulu nezindawo emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa neBelgrade. Baphatha lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha kusukela ekuthathweni e-Yiwu kuya ekulethweni kokugcina eSerbia nganoma yisiphi isayizi sempahla.
