Incazelo Yenombolo ye-EORI: Umhlahlandlela Olula Wabathumeli Bempahla BaseJalimane Abaqalayo
Isingeniso
I-EORI yigama lokuqala elivelayo uma uthutha izimpahla uye eJalimane okokuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumthengisi we-e-commerce owela imingcele, umkhiqizi ohlinzeka ngomsabalalisi waseYurophu, noma inkampani encane ebheka ukungeniswa okuqondile. Inombolo Yokubhaliswa Nokuhlonza Abasebenzi Bezomnotho (i-EORI) yileyo esetshenziswa yizikhulu zentela ze-EU ukuhlonza wonke amabhizinisi noma umuntu owenza ibhizinisi kwamanye amazwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwakho ngeke kudlule emasikweni ngaphandle kwayo. Yilokho kuphela.
Umbono ulula, kodwa imininingwane ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yangempela. Yiliphi izwe okufanele ubhalise kulo? Ingabe inombolo yakho ye-EORI isebenza kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU? Kwenzekani uma uthumela nge-DDP Incoterms esikhundleni se-DAP? Yimaphi amaphepha owadingayo? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, yini eshintshile nge-Import Control System 2 (ICS2) ye-EU, eyaqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele ekuhambeni ngemigwaqo nangesitimela ngo-2025?
Lesi sifundo sikhuluma ngazo zonke izici zenombolo ye-EORI yabangenisi bokuqala eJalimane, okuhlanganisa ukuthi iyini, ukuthi ubani oyidingayo, ukuthi ifomethi isebenza kanjani, ukuthi ungasifaka kanjani isicelo, nokuthi abalingani bezokuthutha abanolwazi abanjengoTopway Shipping bangakusiza kanjani ukugwema ukubambezeleka okubamba abaningi abaqalayo bengalindele.
Iyini Inombolo ye-EORI Futhi Kungani Ikhona?
Ngomhlaka-1 kuJulayi 2009, uhlelo lwe-EORI lwaqala ukusebenza kuyo yonke i-EU. Lwathatha indawo yezinombolo zobunikazi bezimpahla ezahlukene ezazisetshenziswa yizwe ngalinye eliyilungu ukuqhuba ibhizinisi lalo. Ngaphambi kwe-EORI, ibhizinisi elaliletha izimpahla eJalimane futhi lizithengise eFrance lalizodinga izinombolo zobunikazi ezahlukene ezweni ngalinye. Ukuthuthela kobunikazi obubodwa be-EU obuqashelwa yiwo wonke amazwe angamalungu angu-27 kwakuyisinyathelo esikhulu sokwenza ukuphathwa kwezimpahla kube ngcono emakethe eyodwa.
Inombolo ye-EORI yenza izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, iqamba igama lomqhubi wezomnotho kuzo zonke isitatimende samasiko, okuhlanganisa konke ukungena kokungenisa, isimemezelo sokuthumela ngaphandle, ukunyakaza kokuthutha, kanye nenqubo yamasiko. Okwesibili, inikeza izikhulu zamasiko indlela yokulandelela ibhizinisi eliqinisekisiwe, elibhalisiwe, elibasiza ukuqoqa intela yokungenisa nokufeza imigomo emikhulu ye-EU yokuphepha nokuvikeleka emngceleni. Akuyona inombolo ye-VAT, inombolo yokubhalisa intela, noma ikhodi yokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo. Kuyisiqinisekiso sobunikazi bamasiko esilungile futhi kuphela.
Iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lwe-EORI aluphelelwa yisikhathi lingenye yezici zalo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Inombolo ye-EORI ilungele impilo yonke ngaphandle kokuthi umnikazi wayo acele ukuthi ikhanselwe noma iyeke ukwenza ibhizinisi. Amasiko agcina idatha iminyaka eyishumi ngemva kokususwa kokubhaliswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imali oyisebenzisayo ukubhalisa njengomthengisi wokuqala izoba wusizo sonke isikhathi osenza ngaso ibhizinisi ne-EU.
Ifomethi: Ukuthi Inombolo ye-EORI yaseJalimane Ibukeka Kanjani Ngempela
Ikhodi yezwe ye-ISO enezinhlamvu ezimbili elandelwa ukulandelana kwezinombolo ezichazwe kuzwelonke yifomethi ejwayelekile yezinombolo ze-EORI kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Umnyango Wokuphathwa Kolwazi Nolwazi Lwezentela, noma i-IWM Zoll, uwumzimba okhipha inombolo yeJalimane. Ngokuvamile iqala ngo-“DE” bese kuba inombolo yokubhalisa yenkampani ye-VAT ekhona. Inhlangano yaseJalimane enenombolo ye-VAT engu-123456789 ingathola inombolo ye-EORI engu-DE123456789, isibonelo.
Kumabhizinisi angaphandle kwe-EU asebenza ngqo kumasiko aseJalimane, okuyinto evamile kubathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina abasebenza njengabangenisi berekhodi, ifomethi isengu-"DE" elandelwa ubunikazi obabelwe ngaphakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abanayo inombolo ye-VAT yaseJalimane lapho besebenza. Ikhodi yokubhalisa yonke ingaba nezinhlamvu ezifika ku-17: izinhlamvu ezimbili zesizwe, izinombolo ezifika ku-10, kanye nezinhlamvu ezifika ku-5 ezengeziwe.
Kumabhizinisi asebenza emazweni angaphezu kwelilodwa e-EU, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inombolo ye-EORI evela kunoma yiliphi izwe eliyilungu le-EU isebenza kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu angu-27. Awudingi inombolo ehlukile ye-EORI kuwo wonke amazwe ongenisa noma othumela kuwo. Inkampani ebhalisa eJalimane ingasebenzisa i-EORI yayo yaseJalimane ukwenza umsebenzi wamasiko kunoma yiliphi izwe le-EU, okuhlanganisa iNetherlands, iPoland, iFrance, namanye. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi amafomu e-EORI ahluka kanjani kuye ngesizwe. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuhlola idatha oyitholayo kubalingani bokuhweba.
| Izwe | Ifomethi ye-EORI | Isibonelo | Ukunikeza abaphathi |
| Germany | DE + kufika kuzinombolo ezingu-15 | DE123456789 | Ulwazi Lwempahla Ethengiswayo (i-IWM Zoll) |
| France | FR + 11 izinombolo zamagama nezinombolo | FR12345678901 | Isiqondiso Générale des Douanes |
| Netherlands | I-NL + RSIN/BSN + izinombolo ezi-3 | I-NL123456789B01 | Belastingdienst/Douane |
| Poland | I-PL + izinombolo eziyi-10 (i-NIP) | I-PL1234567890 | Izba Administracji Skarbowej |
| Italy | Inombolo ye-IT + i-VAT | I-IT12345678901 | Agenzia delle Dogane |
Ubani Odinga Inombolo ye-EORI? Ukuhlaziywa Okusebenzayo
Ngokomthetho we-EU ku-EORI, noma yimuphi “umqhubi wezomnotho” kumele athole inombolo ngaphambi kokuba enze umsebenzi wentela. Igama elithi “umqhubi wezomnotho” libanzi ngamabomu. Lihlanganisa noma yimuphi umuntu noma inkampani ehlanganyela emisebenzini ehlobene nentela njengengxenye yebhizinisi layo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe noma yiliphi ibhizinisi eliletha noma elithumela izimpahla ngemingcele ye-EU liyayidinga.
Kuba nzima kakhulu kubathengisi abangekho e-EU futhi abafuna ukuthumela eJalimane. Uma ungumhlinzeki waseShayina noma umkhiqizi wase-US othumela izimpahla kumthengi waseJalimane, ukuthi uyayidinga yini inombolo ye-EORI kuncike kakhulu kuma-Incoterms enkontilekeni yakho yokuthengisa. Uma kusetshenziswa imigomo ye-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), umthengisi unesibopho sokuhlanza amasiko nokukhokha zonke izindleko. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthengisi ungumthumeli werekhodi, ngakho-ke badinga inombolo yabo ye-EORI. Uma usebenzisa imigomo ye-DAP (Delivered at Place) noma ye-DDU, ikhasimende linakekela amasiko, futhi umthengisi akadingi inombolo ye-EORI yalokho kuthunyelwa.
Imboni ye-e-commerce ewela imingcele yengeza ubunzima obukhulu. Uhlelo lwe-Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) manje seluqoqa i-VAT kumaphakheji ngo-€150 noma ngaphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-VAT kwe-EU kwe-e-commerce kwaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 2021. Kodwa ukubhalisela i-IOSS akuthathi indawo noma kususe isidingo senombolo ye-EORI yezimemezelo zamasiko. I-ejenti yamasiko noma umlingani wokugcwalisa ogcwalisa ukungena kokungenisa kwakho usazodinga i-EORI evumelekile ukwenza kanjalo.
| Uhlobo Lebhizinisi | Udinga i-EORI? | amanothi |
| Inkampani ese-EU engenisa/ethumela kwamanye amazwe | Yebo — okuphoqelekile | Faka isicelo ezweni eliyilungu le-EU elisungulwe |
| Inkampani engeyona eye-EU esebenza njengongenisa irekhodi eJalimane | Yebo — okuphoqelekile | Faka isicelo ku-IWM Zoll; ungasebenzisa iFomu 0870 |
| Ukuthunyelwa kwabathengisi abangebona abe-EU ngaphansi kwe-DDP Incoterms | Yebo — okuphoqelekile | Umthengisi usebenza njengongenisa futhi udinga i-EORI yakhe |
| Ukuthunyelwa komthengisi okungewona awe-EU ngaphansi kwe-DAP/DDU | Cha — i-EORI yomthengi isetshenzisiwe | Umthengi noma i-ejenti yentela iphatha ukukhishwa kwemvume |
| Ukuhweba nge-inthanethi okudlula imingcele (B2C, inani eliphansi < €150) | Umgomo | I-IOSS ihlanganisa i-VAT; i-EORI isadingeka kumenzeli wentela |
| Umuntu ozimele (ukungenisa ngezikhathi ezithile) | Ngokuvamile cha | Ngaphandle komsebenzi ojwayelekile wokungenisa kwezentengiselwano |
Isibuyekezo se-ICS2 sika-2024-2025: Kungani Ukuthobela Imithetho ye-EORI Kwaba Okubaluleke Kakhulu
Ukwethulwa okungavamile kwe-ICS2, i-Import Control System 2, kube ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu emithethweni yokungenisa ye-EU eminyakeni yamuva nje. Uhlaka olusha lwe-EU lokuphepha nokuvikeleka kwamasiko ngaphambi kokufika luhloselwe ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha yempahla ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zifike emingceleni ye-EU. Lwathatha indawo yesistimu endala ye-ICS futhi luye lwaqala ukusebenza kancane kancane kusukela ngo-2021.
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-ICS2 Release 3 yabangenisi bempahla abajwayelekile kwaba yilapho iqala ukusebenza ngoJuni 3, 2024. Yengeze opharetha bezolwandle, bemigwaqo, kanye nabezitimela ohlwini lwalabo okwakumelwe banikeze ulwazi lwempahla kusengaphambili, beqedela ukumbozwa kwazo zonke izindlela zokuhamba. Kusukela ngalolu suku, noma ubani othumela izimpahla ngaphakathi noma nge-EU, eNorway, eSwitzerland, noma eNyakatho Ireland nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuhamba kumele afake ikhodi ye-Harmonized System (HS) enamadijithi ayisithupha yento ngayinye yomugqa ku-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, kanye nezincazelo ezinemininingwane yezimpahla, ngaphambi kokuba kufike ukuthunyelwa. Ngomhlaka-1 Septhemba 2025, iwindi lokugcina lokuthunyelwa kwe-ICS2 Release 3 lase livaliwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, bonke opharetha bezomnotho kwakufanele baxhunywe ohlelweni lwe-ICS2 futhi bathumele Izimemezelo Zesifinyezo Sokungena (ENS).
Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-EORI yomthumeli, noma umuntu othola imikhiqizo, manje isiyinkambu edingekayo kuzo zonke izicelo ze-ENS zokuthunyelwa okuza e-EU. Lesi sidingo esinzima kunalokho abathumeli abaningi abakucabangayo. Ngaphambilini, ezinye izivumelwano zokungenisa ezingakahleleki zingadlula ngaphandle kokuthi i-EORI yomthumeli ifakwe ngokucacile ezinhlelweni kusenesikhathi. Lokho akusasebenzi nge-ICS2. I-ENS kumele ibe ne-EORI yomthumeli ngaphambi kokuba impahla ifike lapho. Uma ingekho, isimemezelo sesifinyezo sokungena sizokwenqatshwa, futhi ukuthunyelwa kungase kubanjwe.
Indlela Yokufaka Isicelo Senombolo ye-EORI eJalimane
Izinyathelo zokuthola inombolo ye-EORI yaseJalimane zihlukile ezinkampanini ezise-EU nakulezo ezenza ibhizinisi ngaphandle kwe-EU. Zombili izindlela ziholela emphumeleni ofanayo, kodwa amaphepha kanye nezikhathi zokucubungula zihlukile ngokwanele kangangokuthi kubalulekile ukwazi ngayinye ngokwayo.
Kwezinkampani Ezisungulwe yi-EU
Uma ibhizinisi lakho libhaliswe eJalimane noma kwelinye izwe le-EU, indlela esheshayo yokufika lapho iwukusebenzisa i-Zoll.de, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yamasiko aseJalimane (i-Bundeszollverwaltung). Ukuze ufike esigabeni sesicelo se-EORI, khetha ukuthi uyibhizinisi noma ungumuntu ngamunye. Bese ugcwalisa ifomu eliku-inthanethi ngolwazi lwenkampani yakho, incazelo yalokho okwenziwa yibhizinisi lakho, kanye nenombolo yakho yentela yaseJalimane. Isikhathi sokucubungula sivame ukuba yizinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zebhizinisi ngemva kokufaka isicelo sakho. Uzobe usuthola inombolo yakho ye-EORI nge-imeyili noma nge-akhawunti yakho yephothali. Akukho zindleko zesevisi.
Kwezinkampani Zakwamanye Amazwe Ezingezona Eze-EU
Izinkampani ezivela ngaphandle kwe-EU ezingenalo ihhovisi e-EU, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezivela eShayina, e-US, noma kwamanye amazwe angewona awe-EU afuna ukuba ngabangenisi berekhodi eJalimane, kufanele zigcwalise iFomu 0870, ifomu ledatha eliyinhloko le-EORI, bese zilithumela ngqo ku-IWM Zoll. Ungathumela leli fomu nge-imeyili, ngeposi, noma ngefeksi. Umazisi osebenzayo wommeli wenkampani, okuthathwe ku-akhawunti yenkampani. ikhaya-irejista yezentengiselwano yezwe (noma idokhumenti yokubhalisa efanayo), kanye nenombolo yokubhaliswa kwenkampani yabahwebi abazimele konke kuyadingeka.
Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukucubungula izicelo ezivela kubantu abangaphandle kwe-EU kunabantu abangaphakathi kwe-EU. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha izinsuku zebhizinisi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyishumi, kodwa lokhu kungathatha isikhathi eside uma amaphepha engagcwele noma uma kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe. Inombolo isanikezwa mahhala. Ochwepheshe bezokuthutha basikisela ngokuqinile ukuqala isicelo se-EORI okungenani amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokuqala lokuthunyelwa olulindelwe, hhayi isonto elandulelayo.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Amadokhumenti Ngokushesha
| Idokhumenti / Into | Inkampani Esungulwe yi-EU | Inkampani Yangaphandle Engeyona Eyase-EU |
| Ifomu lesicelo | Ku-inthanethi nge-portal ye-Zoll.de | Ifomu 0870 (i-imeyili/i-imeyili/ifeksi eya ku-IWM Zoll) |
| Ingcaphuno yokubhaliswa kwenkampani | Kuyadingeka (i-Handelsregister) | Kuyadingeka (okulingana nezwe lakubo) |
| Inombolo ye-VAT / Inombolo ye-ID yentela | Kuyadingeka (Steuernummer / USt-IdNr.) | Kuyadingeka uma kutholakala |
| Ikheli elivumelekile eJalimane | Kudingwa | Kungadingeka ummeleli wezezimali waseJalimane |
| Idokhumenti kamazisi (umqondisi) | Kudingwa | Kudingwa |
| Imali | Mahhala | Mahhala |
| Iyacubungula isikhathi | Izinsuku zebhizinisi ezi-2–3 (ku-inthanethi) | Izinsuku zebhizinisi ze-5-10 |
Amakhodi e-EORI, i-VAT, kanye ne-HS: Ukuqonda Isithombe Esigcwele Sokuthobela Imithetho Yentela
Abantu abangenisa okokuqala bavame ukuxuba imithetho ehlukene futhi bacabange ukuthi i-EORI, ukubhaliswa kwe-VAT, kanye nokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo konke kuyafana. Kuyizidingo ezihlukene ezifeza izinjongo ezahlukene futhi eziphoqelelwa yiziphathimandla ezahlukene, kodwa zisebenza ndawonye ngokusebenza.
I-Customs isebenzisa inombolo yakho ye-EORI ukuthola ukuthi ungubani. Ihhovisi lentela lisebenzisa inombolo yakho ye-VAT ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izikweletu zakho ze-VAT. Ikhodi yentela ye-HS (Harmonized System) ivumela iziphathimandla zentela kanye nezentela ukuthi yini oyilethayo ezweni. Iphinde ibeke izinga lentela yokungenisa, noma yimiphi intela yokulwa nokulahla impahla, nokuthi ngabe izinto zakho zidinga amalayisense okungenisa noma izitifiketi zokuphepha. Zonke ezintathu zizofakwa ohlwini lwesimemezelo sakho sokungenisa impahla, kodwa zivela eminyangweni kahulumeni ehlukene kanye nezinqubo zokubhalisa.
Iphuzu elilodwa eliwusizo: ukuthi nje unenombolo ye-EORI akuqinisekisi ukuthi ubhalisele i-VAT eJalimane, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Uma ibhizinisi eJalimane libhalisela i-VAT ngaphansi kwemithetho yokuthengisa ibanga, kusazodingeka lifake isicelo senombolo ye-EORI ngokwehlukana ngaphambi kokuthi lidlulise imikhiqizo ngamasiko aseJalimane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani ethola inombolo ye-EORI yokuthunyelwa okukodwa nje kokungenisa ingadinga noma ingadingi ukubhalisela i-VAT, kuye ngobukhulu kanye nohlobo lokuhweba.
| Inombolo | Injongo | Ubani Oyikhiphayo | Uma Ukudinga |
| I-EORI | Khomba umqhubi wezomnotho wentela yamasiko | Igunya lezentela likazwelonke | Ngaphambi kokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle kokuqala |
| Inombolo ye-VAT | Ukuhlonza intela yezibopho ze-VAT | Igunya lentela likazwelonke | Uma umkhawulo wokubhalisa i-VAT uqala ukusebenza |
| Ikhodi ye-HS | Hlela izimpahla ngezinhloso zentela/zentela | Ukuqanjwa Kwamagama Okuhlanganisiwe (i-EU) | Kuzo zonke izimemezelo zentela |
| Inombolo Yentela Yamasiko | Nquma izinga lentela yokungenisa impahla | Isizindalwazi se-EU TARIC | Kuzo zonke izimemezelo zentela |
Amaphutha Avamile nokuthi Ungawagwema Kanjani
Iphutha elivame kakhulu elenziwa abantu lapho bengenisa izimpahla ezivela eJalimane okokuqala ukungafaki isicelo senombolo ye-EORI kuze kube yilapho iphakethe selivele liphumile ezweni lakubo. Ngaphambi kokuba izinto zifike, iSimemezelo Sokufingqa Sokungena kumele sifake i-EORI yomthumeli ngaphansi kwe-ICS2. Uma umthwalo wakho usuka eShayina futhi ufika eHamburg noma esikhumulweni sezindiza saseFrankfurt ngaphandle kwe-EORI esebenzayo efayilini, i-ejenti yamasiko ayikwazi ukufaka i-ENS. Isimemezelo sizokwenqatshwa, futhi imikhiqizo izogcinwa, okuzokubiza imali yokugcina kanye nezinhlawulo ngaphezu kokubambezeleka kokusulwa.
Enye inkinga evamile ukunikeza i-EORI kumuntu ongafanele. Ngezinye izikhathi, abathumeli bacabanga ukuthi i-EORI yokuthutha impahla yabo ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni senombolo yomngenisi uqobo. Lena akuyona indlela uhlelo olusebenza ngayo. I-EORI esimemezelweni sokungenisa impahla ikhombisa ukuthi ungubani umngenisi werekhodi, noma umuntu onesibopho ngokomthetho ngemikhiqizo kanye nezintela kanye nezintela ezihambisana nayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umhlinzeki wezokuthutha kabani othutha imikhiqizo, udinga inombolo yakho ye-EORI uma ungumngenisi werekhodi.
Ukukhetha i-Incoterms ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi i-EORI isho ukuthini kungenye iphutha. Abathengisi abavumelana nemigomo ye-DDP ngaphandle kokuthola inombolo ye-EORI yaseJalimane kuqala futhi ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuthi bakulungele yini ukuthatha imithwalo yemfanelo yokubhalisa i-VAT bavame ukuzithola bezama ukuthola iziqinisekiso zokuthobela imithetho ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kokuba izimpahla sezivele zisendleleni. Uma uvumelana nemibandela ye-DDP yokungeniswa kwe-EU, wenza ukuzibophezela okukhulu okudinga ukuhlela kusengaphambili kokubili izinhlangothi zomthetho kanye nezokuthutha.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okusekela Ngayo Ukuthobela Imithetho Yakho Yokungenisa EJalimane
Uma ibhizinisi lakho lisanda kungeniswa eJalimane noma e-EU ngokujwayelekile, imithetho nemigomo ingaba yinto edidayo kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma uphethe nabaphakeli, impahla kanye nokuthengisa.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen futhi ibilokhu isebenza kusukela ngo-2010, yaziwa njengomhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics eziwela imingcele enolwazi oluningi lokubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Ithimba elisungule linolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 olusebenza nge-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-customs clearance. I-Topway yaqala eShayina kanti i-US Transportation iyingxenye eyodwa nje yephothifoliyo yayo yesevisi. Manje iphatha lonke uchungechunge lwe-logistics lwamakhasimende athumela eYurophu, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthwa kokuqala kusuka efektri noma i-consolidation warehouse kuya echwebeni lokusuka, phesheya kwezilwandle. kugcinwa ezindaweni zokusabalalisa zaseYurophu, ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko kokubili lapho isuka khona nalapho iya khona, kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide kulo lonke elaseJalimane nakwamanye amazwe ase-EU.
Empilweni yangempela, ithimba le-Topway lokuhlanza impahla lingasiza abangenisi bokuqala ukugcwalisa isicelo se-EORI. Bazokutshela ukuthi yiliphi izwe okufanele ubhalise kulo ngokusekelwe lapho ukungenisa kwakho kokuqala kuzokwenzeka khona, balungiselele futhi babuyekeze amaphepha eFomu 0870 kwabafaka izicelo abangebona abe-EU, futhi basebenzisane ne-IWM Zoll ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isicelo siqediwe futhi sicutshungulwa ngaphambi kokuba impahla yakho ifike. I-Topway ingasiza futhi amakhasimende asebenza nabaphakeli baseShayina ezimweni ze-DDP ukuqonda isithombe esikhulu, njengemingcele yokubhalisela i-VAT yaseJalimane, izidingo ze-ejenti yezimali, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwentela yokungenisa yezinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo.
Kwabathumeli abadinga ukuhambisa inani elikhulu lezimpahla, i-Topway iphinde inikeze izinsizakalo zokuthutha olwandle eziguquguqukayo ezinemithwalo egcwele (i-FCL) kanye nemithwalo engaphansi kwemithwalo (i-LCL) kusukela emachwebeni aseShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu aseYurophu okuhlanganisa iHamburg, iRotterdam, neFelixstowe. Ngalo mthamo wezindlela eziningi, amakhasimende angasebenzisana nomlingani wezokuthutha oyedwa kuphela kusukela emnyango wefektri ukuya esikhungweni sokugcwalisa saseYurophu, esikhundleni sokudinga ukubambisana phakathi kwabaphakeli abaningana. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuntuleka kwemibhalo kanye nokubambezeleka kokuthobela imithetho emngceleni.
Ukuqinisekisa Nokuphatha Inombolo Yakho ye-EORI
Inombolo yakho ye-EORI kufanele ibe kuzo zonke izimemezelo zamasiko ozenzayo, okuhlanganisa izimemezelo zokungenisa nokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, ukunyakaza kwezokuthutha, kanye nanoma yiziphi izicelo zezinqumo zamasiko, njengokuthola isimo se-Authorized Economic Operator (AEO). Ingosi ye-European Commission's Taxation and Customs Union inethuluzi lokuqinisekisa i-EORI lomphakathi elivumela noma ubani ukuthi ahlole ukuthi inombolo ye-EORI iyasebenza yini futhi abone igama nekheli lomnikazi. Lena indlela ewusizo yokuhlola izinombolo ze-EORI zabalingani bokuhweba ngaphambi kokwamukela izimpahla ze-DDP noma ukuqasha ama-ejenti amasiko.
Ngenxa yokuthi inkampani eyodwa ingaba nenombolo eyodwa ye-EORI esebenzayo ngesikhathi esisodwa—amagatsha nezindawo ezihlala njalo azikwazi ukuba nezinombolo zazo—ukugcina amarekhodi kubalulekile. Izinkampani ezakhula zaba amazwe angaphezu kwelilodwa e-EU ngaphambi kuka-2009 zingase zibe nezinombolo ezindala zentela kazwelonke kumarekhodi azo. Uma i-IWM Zoll ithola inkampani enezinombolo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-EORI kusukela esikhathini sokuguquka, izoxhumana nayo ukuze izihlanganise zibe inombolo eyodwa evumelekile. Uma ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kungase kusebenze enkampanini yakho, kungcono ukuhlola isimo sakho sokubhalisa wedwa kunokulinda uphenyo lokuthobela imithetho.
Isiphetho
Inombolo ye-EORI ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthobela imithetho yamasiko ye-EU, kodwa futhi ingenye yezinto ezilula ukuzikhohlwa kuze kube yilapho iba yinkinga enkulu. Kubantu abaletha izimpahla eJalimane okokuqala, ukwazi ukuthi iyini, ukuthi ubani oyidingayo, ukuthi bangayithola kanjani, nokuthi ingena kanjani esithombeni esikhulu semithetho nemigomo (ICS2, VAT, HS codes, Incoterms) kungaphezu nje komsebenzi wehhovisi. Yisisekelo esenza ukuvunyelwa kwamasiko kuhambe kahle, ngaphandle kwezijeziso noma ukubambezeleka.
Kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana namasiko e-EU ngemuva kokuthi i-ICS2 isiqediwe ngo-2025. Kuncane kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili kwamasu angakahleleki abanye abathumeli ababewasebenzisa ngoba kufanele bafake i-EORI yomthumeli ezimemezelweni zempahla kusenesikhathi, amazinga ekhodi ye-HS aqinile, futhi zonke izindlela zokuthutha sezihlanganisiwe manje. Kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ukuthola ukubhaliswa kwakho kwe-EORI kahle futhi ukwenze kusenesikhathi.
Izinyathelo ziyafana noma ngabe ungumkhiqizi waseShayina othumela isitsha sakho sokuqala kumsabalalisi eHamburg, umthengisi we-e-commerce owela imingcele osungula ukugcwaliseka kweYurophu, noma uphawu lomhlaba wonke oluthola ukuthi ungawathola kanjani amazinga angcono kakhulu entela yokungenisa ye-EU. Udinga ukuthola ukuthi ngubani ozoba ngumngenisi orekhodiwe, ufake isicelo se-EORI ezweni eliyilungu elifanele ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwakho kokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi umlingani wakho wezokuthutha unenombolo efayeleni yokuthunyelwa kwe-ENS, futhi usebenzisane nomhlinzeki wezokuthutha owazi konke mayelana nokuthobela imithetho, hhayi nje ukunyakaza kwezimpahla ngokomzimba.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Ingabe ngidinga inombolo ehlukile ye-EORI yezwe ngalinye le-EU engingenisa kulo?
A: Cha. Noma yiliphi izwe eliyilungu le-EU lingakunika inombolo ye-EORI enhle kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingama-27. Uma ungenisa ngeJalimane, inombolo yakho ye-EORI yaseJalimane izosebenza ezithunyelweni ezikhishwe eFrance, eNetherlands, ePoland, noma kunoma yiliphi elinye izwe le-EU.
Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola inombolo ye-EORI eJalimane?
A: Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku zebhizinisi ezi-2-3 ukuthi amabhizinisi ase-EU afake izicelo ku-inthanethi nge-Zoll.de. Uma uyinkampani yangaphandle engekho e-EU futhi uthumela ngeFomu 0870, kufanele kuthathe izinsuku zebhizinisi ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10. Faka isicelo kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwakho kokuqala, okungenani amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe uma kungenzeka.
Q: Ingabe inombolo ye-EORI ifana nenombolo ye-VAT?
A: Cha. Ngezizathu ezahlukene, lokhu kuwukubhaliswa okuhlukile. Igunya lentela likunikeza inombolo ye-EORI, okuyisitifiketi sobunikazi bentela. Igunya lentela likunikeza inombolo ye-VAT, okuyisitifiketi sokubhaliswa kwentela. Izinkampani eziningi zidinga kokubili, kodwa zikuthola ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Q: Kwenzekani uma ukuthunyelwa kwami kufika eJalimane ngaphandle kwe-EORI evumelekile efayeleni?
A: Uma i-EORI yomthumeli ingekho noma ingavumelekile, i-Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) izokwenqatshwa. Lokhu manje sekuyinkinga ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ze-ICS2. Izinto zizogcinwa esikhumulweni sezindiza noma echwebeni, futhi kuzodingeka zikhokhele indawo yokugcina. Kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside ukuze uthole imvume uze unikeze i-EORI evumelekile bese uthumela isimemezelo futhi.
Q: Ingabe i-Topway Shipping ingangisiza ukuthola inombolo ye-EORI nokuhambisa izimpahla eJalimane?
A: Yebo. I-Topway Shipping inikeza ukwesekwa okugcwele, okuhlanganisa usizo ngokususwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, izicelo ze-EORI, ezokuthutha zokuqala, indawo yokugcina impahla kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokulethwa kwezimpahla okufika ekugcineni eYurophu. I-Topway ibilokhu isebhizinisini lezokuthutha kanye nelokukhokha izimpahla iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15. Basiza izinkampani ukuthi zilandele imithetho yokungenisa impahla ye-EU kusukela ekuthunyelweni kokuqala.
Q: Ingabe inombolo ye-EORI iyaphelelwa yisikhathi?
A: Cha. Akukho usuku lokuphela kwezinombolo ze-EORI. Uma ungaceli ukuthi zikhanselwe noma ibhizinisi lakho liyeke ukuhweba, zizohlala zisebenza unomphela. Ngemva kokususwa kokubhaliswa, amasiko agcina idatha iminyaka eyishumi.
