Ukusuka eTianjin Port ukuya eTromsø: Umhlahlandlela Owusizo Wokuhlela Izinto Ezibandayo
Isingeniso
Enye yezindlela ezinzima kakhulu zokuthutha izimpahla emhlabeni yi-cold chain corridor eqala eTianjin Port enyakatho yeShayina iya eTromsø e-Arctic Norway. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunechweba elikhulu elaliphatha ama-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-23.28 ngo-2024, ukwanda okungu-5% kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Selivele lilungiselela ukukhula libe ama-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-35 ngo-2035. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona iTromsø, idolobha elingaphezu kwe-Arctic Circle eliyindawo ebalulekile yokungena embonini yokudla kwasolwandle yaseNorway. Ngo-2024, imboni yayinenani eliqopha umlando lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe elingu-NOK 175.4 billion (cishe ama-EUR 14.67 billion).
Kunamakhilomitha angaba ngu-14,000 olwandle, izindawo eziningana zokuthutha imikhumbi, amasiko aseNorway, kanye ne-physics engapheli yempahla ezwela ukushisa phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili. Ukuthumela izinhlanzi eziqandisiwe kusuka e-fjords yaseNorway kuya ezikhungweni zokusabalalisa zaseShayina noma ukudlulisa imikhiqizo yemithi nokudla okucutshunguliwe kusuka eShayina kuya e-Arctic Norway kuyinselele yezokuthutha kanye nenzuzo yokuncintisana.
Le ncwadi ixoxa ngazo zonke izici ezisebenzayo zalo mzila, okuhlanganisa izinketho zokuhamba, imininingwane yesitsha se-reefer, ukulandela imithetho, izilinganiso zezindleko, kanye nezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezizonquma ukuthi umthwalo wakho ufika esimweni esihle noma cha nhlobo.
Kungani Lo Mzila Ubalulekile: Umongo Wemakethe
Imakethe yezimpahla zomgoqo womhlaba wonke yayibiza cishe ama-USD 324.85 billion ngo-2024. Ngo-2032, kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-13% ngonyaka, ifinyelele ama-USD 862.33 billion. Imakethe yezimpahla zomgoqo womhlaba wonke eNorway ikhula ngesilinganiso esingu-18.9% ngonyaka futhi kubikezelwa ukuthi izofinyelela ama-USD 12.3 billion ngo-2030. Lezi akuzona nje izibalo ezingahleliwe; zibonisa ukuthi kunesidingo sangempela sezimpahla zomgoqo womgoqo othembekile, onamandla aphezulu phakathi kwe-Asia neNyakatho Yurophu.
I-Tianjin akuyona nje noma yiliphi ichweba eShayina. Iphethe indawo yokugcina impahla yokuqala emhlabeni ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele, engamamitha-skwele angaphezu kuka-30,000. Ubuchwepheshe be-robotic benze ukuphathwa kube ngcono ngama-42% kanye nokunembile ngama-99.99%. Ichweba lisebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokugcina izinto ezibandayo obuzimele obadalwa ngosizo lwezinkampani ze-robotics i-Geek+ kanye ne-Engero. Lokhu kwenza kube yimodeli yengqalasizinda yechweba ebandayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2024, isidingo sezwe lonke se-cold chain safinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-365. Leli nani libonisa ukuthi izwe lidinga kangakanani isikhala esiningi sezinto ezilawulwa amazinga okushisa.
ITromsø akuyona nje idolobha elihle lase-Arctic, kodwa futhi iyisikhungo sokusebenza kwempahla emkhakheni wokudoba waseNorway. Ichweba liphatha izimpahla eziningi ezibandayo ezivela emisebenzini yokudoba yase-Arctic, futhi indawo ezungezile ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zaseNorway zokubamba i-cod, i-salmon, kanye ne-king crab. Ukuhweba ngokudla kwasolwandle phakathi kweShayina neNorway kusakhula. Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari 2025, i-China Eastern Airlines izoqala ukuqasha kwayo kokuqala kwempahla emisha kusukela e-Oslo kuya e-Ezhou, ithwele amathani angu-35 e-salmon endizeni yayo yokuqala. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isidingo sengqalasizinda ethembekile ye-cold chain kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zalo mzila siya ngokuya siqina.
Izinketho Zomzila Nezikhathi Zokuthutha
Ayikho indlela "engcono kakhulu" yokufika usuka eTianjin uye eTromsø. Inketho engcono kakhulu kuwe izoncika ekutheni uthumela ini, ukuthi kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi ungachitha malini, nokuthi udinga ukubona uchungechunge lokuphakelwa olungakanani. Kunezinzuzo nezimbi zendlela ngayinye eyinhloko yokuhamba.
Ukuthutha Olwandle (Indlela Eyinhloko)
Ngezimpahla ezinkulu ze-cold chain, ukuthutha olwandle kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalo mhubhe. Impahla ye-reefer efakwe ekhonteyineni ivame ukuhamba isuka eTianjin iye eTromsø idlula ezindaweni ezinkulu zokuthutha njengeRotterdam noma iHamburg. Ukusuka lapho, ixhuma eTromsø ngemikhumbi yokudla ehamba ogwini lwaseNorway. Ibanga eliqondile lolwandle phakathi kweShayina neNorway lingamamayela angu-13,952 olwandle.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2026, kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-25 kuya kwezingama-28 ukuthi imithwalo ye-FCL olwandle isuke emachwebeni aseShayina iye emachwebeni aseNorway. I-Tromsø ivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 ezengeziwe ngoba isenyakatho futhi inamashejuli ahlukene emikhumbi yokudla. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuthatha isikhathi eside ukufika emachwebeni amakhulu aseNorway, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-26 kuya kwezingama-32 kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokudla. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezithwala imithwalo ye ...
| Indlela Yokuhamba | Isikhathi Sokuhamba (ukuya eTromsø) | Ikesi elijwayelekile lokusetshenziswa | Izindleko Ezihlobene |
| I-Ocean FCL (Reefer) | Izinsuku eziyi-28-35 | Imithwalo eqandisiwe/ebandayo ngobuningi | ongaphakeme |
| I-Ocean LCL (i-Reefer) | Izinsuku eziyi-32-40 | Izinto ezincane ezibolayo | Okumaphakathi kuya Phansi |
| Ujantshi (China-Europe) | Izinsuku eziyi-15-20 | Izimpahla ezibandayo ezinenani eliphezulu | Medium |
| I-Air Freight | Izinsuku eziyi-5-8 | Okusha kakhulu / okwemithi | High |
| I-Air Express | Izinsuku eziyi-3-5 | Isimo esiphuthumayo / amasampula | Phezulu kakhulu |
I-Rail Freight nge-China-Europe Express
Isitimela sesibe yindawo ephakathi nendawo ethembekile yemithwalo yemikhumbi ebandayo ebiza kakhulu engakwazi ukusingatha ukuthutha kwasolwandle okuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingama-30 kodwa kungadingeki ukuthi kukhokhele ukuthutha emoyeni. I-China Railway Special Cargo Logistics (CRSCL) ithe inani lemithwalo yemikhumbi ebandayo likhuphuke kakhulu kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2024. Inani lezinto zokushisa likhule ngaphezu kuka-30% unyaka nonyaka. Imigqa emisha ye-intermodal manje ixhumanisa amadolobha aseShayina maphakathi nezwe nezikhungo zaseYurophu. Kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-13 kuya kweziyi-17 ukufika usuka eShayina uye ezwenikazi laseYurophu, bese i-feeder logistics inakekela umlenze weTromsø.
Inkinga ngesitimela somzila weTianjin-Tromsø ukuthi iNorway ayixhunyiwe kunethiwekhi yezitimela zaseYurophu ngendlela eyenza kube lula ukuletha ama-reefer containers eTromsø. Isikhathi esiningi, imithwalo iphelela echwebeni laseScandinavia noma esikhungweni sezitimela, bese kudingeka ithuthwe ngomgwaqo noma ngolwandle endaweni yokugcina. Lokhu kwenza izinto zibe nzima kakhulu, kodwa kusashesha kakhulu kunemithwalo yolwandle kuphela.
I-Air Freight
Ukuthutha ngendiza kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthumela imithwalo yemithi ebandayo, ukudla kwasolwandle okusha kakhulu, noma yini enye engakwazi ukusingatha uhambo lolwandle lwezinsuku ezingu-30. Imithwalo yendiza phakathi kweShayina neNorway ivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-8 ukufika kusuka komunye umnyango uye komunye. Isikhumulo Sezindiza saseTromsø (TOS) siphatha amathani angaphezu kuka-6,000 emithwalo yendiza minyaka yonke futhi sinokuxhumana okuhle nezindawo zaseYurophu ezifana ne-Oslo Gardermoen. Lesi sikhumulo sezindiza saziwa ngokuba namakhono asiza ekuthuthweni kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle zase-Arctic.
Imininingwane Yesitsha Se-Reefer kanye Nezinqubo Zokushisa
Isitsha se-reefer siyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umthwalo we-cold chain. Esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokulahlekelwa yimpahla emizileni emide efana neTianjin kuya eTromsø ukuthola imininingwane engalungile noma ukungalungisi kahle iyunithi.
Izitsha ezijwayelekile ze-reefer ezingamafidi angu-20 kanye namamitha angu-40 ziyizinhlobo eziyinhloko zezitsha ezisetshenziswa kulo mzila. Izitsha eziningi ze-reefer zamanje zingagcina izinto emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-30°C no-+30°C. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingagcina ukudla kwasolwandle okuqandisiwe, imithi ebandayo, izithelo nemifino emisha, kanye nobisi. Uma umthamo wama-cubic ubalulekile, njengalapho kuthunyelwa ukudla kwasolwandle okuqandisiwe, izitsha ze-reefer ezingamafidi angu-40 (40HQ RF) ziyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
| Uhlobo Lwempahla | Ibanga Lokushisa Elidingekayo | Uhlobo Lwesitsha | Isici Esiyinhloko Sengozi |
| Ukudla kwasolwandle okuqandisiwe (i-salmon, i-cod) | -18 ° C kuya -22 ° C | I-40HQ Reefer | Imijikelezo yokuncibilikisa iqhwa ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwempahla |
| Ukudla kwasolwandle okusha okubandayo | 0 ° C kuya ku-2 ° C | 20/40 Reefer | Ukuzwela kwesikhathi sokuhamba |
| Imithi/imigomo | + 2 ° C kuye ku- + 8 ° C | I-reefer elawulwayo | Imibhalo yohambo lokushisa |
| Imikhiqizo emisha (amajikijolo, izithelo) | + 1 ° C kuye ku- + 4 ° C | I-40HQ Reefer | Ukwakheka kwe-ethylene / ukujiya |
| Ukudla okucutshungulwe okuqandisiwe | -18 ° C | 20/40 Reefer | Ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokulayisha |
| imikhiqizo yobisi | + 2 ° C kuye ku- + 6 ° C | 20/40 Reefer | Ukulawulwa komswakama |
Kulo mzila, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa iyunithi ye-reefer okungenani amahora amabili kuya kwamane ngaphambi kokulayisha imithwalo. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwechweba laseShayina ehlobo nendawo eya e-Arctic Norwegian usho ukuthi izitsha ezingalungiswanga kahle zingalimaza umswakama kanye nokushisa kwemithwalo yazo. Ngaphambi kokushiya iTianjin Port, isikhungo se-cold chain esizenzakalelayo sihlola amazinga okushisa ezitsha sisebenzisa ukuqapha okunikwe amandla yi-IoT. Abathumeli kufanele bahlole ne-trading forwarder yabo ngaphambi kokubhuka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka.
Ngokuphathelene nempahla yemithi, ukuthobela imithetho ye-GDP (Good Distribution Practice) kusho ukuba nababhali bemininingwane yokushisa okuqhubekayo, izinqubomgomo zokuvakasha ezibhaliwe, kanye namarekhodi okuthi ubani onayo impahla ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Medicines Agency eNorway iyaqinisekisa ukuthi le mithetho iyalandelwa lapho izimpahla zingena ezweni. Uma kukhona igebe kurekhodi lokushisa, iTromsø ngeke yamukele impahla, noma ngabe umkhiqizo ungonakali.
Ukuthobela Imithetho Yezintela Nemithetho YaseNorway
INorway ayilona ilungu le-EU, ngakho-ke inemithetho yayo yentela ehluke ngokuphelele kweye-EU. Lokhu akuyona imininingwane emincane yabangenisi be-cold chain; kunomthelela oqondile emithwalweni, ekubalweni kwe-VAT, ezidingweni zamaphepha, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola ukuphepha kokudla.
Zonke izimpahla ezifika eNorway zinenani elisekelwe ku-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense, kanye Nokuthutha). Izinto eziningi zine-VAT engu-25% enanini lazo le-CIF. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo zinentela yentela yentela ehlukene. Isibonelo, izinto zobuchwepheshe zivame ukuba nentela yentela engu-0% kuya ku-10%, kodwa imikhiqizo yokudla ingaba namanani aphezulu kuye ngokuthi ihlukaniswe kanjani ngaphansi kwe-Norwegian Customs Tariff. Isibonelo, umthengisi ongenisa i-salmon eqandisiwe nge-USD 50,000 CIF udinga ukwengeza intela yentela kanye ne-VAT engu-25% enanini lonke, okuhlanganisa nentela yentela.
Ngokuqondene nezimpahla zokudla ikakhulukazi, konke ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezibandayo eNorway kumele kube nezitifiketi zezempilo ezivela kuziphathimandla ezifanele ezweni elivela kulo. Lapho ukudla kwasolwandle kwaseShayina kuthunyelwa eNorway, kumele kufike nezitifiketi zezempilo zaseShayina ezisebenzayo. Impahla kungadingeka futhi ihlolwe ngokomzimba emngceleni waseNorway, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola izinga lokushisa. Amasiko aseNorway abe ngcono ekusingatheni ukuthunyelwa okulungisiwe kusengaphambili, okubhalwe phansi, kodwa abangenisi bokuqala abangenalo iNorway esunguliwe. i-custom brokerage Izinto ezithintana nazo zivame ukulinda isikhathi eside, okungalimaza impahla ebandayo.
| Idokhumenti | Iyadingeka Ukuze | Ukunikeza abaphathi | amanothi |
| UMthethosivivinywa Wokulayisha (B / L) | Konke ukuthunyelwa olwandle | Carrier | Inketho yokukhishwa kwe-Telex yesivinini |
| I-invoyisi yezentengiso | Konke ukuthunyelwa | Ngaphandle | Kumelwe usho inani le-CIF |
| Uhlu lokupakisha | Konke ukuthunyelwa | Ngaphandle | Faka inombolo yesitsha/yokuthumela kabusha |
| Isitifiketi sezeMpilo | Ukudla kanye nemithi | I-GACC / igunya elifanele (iShayina) | Izidingo eziqondene nomkhiqizo |
| Isitifiketi Somsuka | Ukuze kunqunywe umsebenzi | Igumbi Lezentengiselwano | I-MFN noma amazinga akhethekile |
| Ilogi Yokushisa Ye-Reefer | Imithi / ukudla (okupholile) | Umthwali/umthumeli | Kuyadingeka ukuze kulandelwe i-GDP |
| Isitifiketi se-Phytosanitary | Umkhiqizo omusha | Amasiko aseShayina / i-GACC | Okuphoqelekile ngemikhiqizo yezitshalo |
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2026, izinkinga zezombusazwe eMpumalanga Ephakathi zisathinta imigqa yolwandle phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu. Lokhu kubangela izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nezikhathi zokuhamba ezinde. Abathumeli abaningi abanolwazi kulo mzila bafaka izimemezelo zamasiko eNorway ngaphambi kokuba umkhumbi ufike. Lokhu kuvumela amasiko ukuthi acubungule amaphepha ngesikhathi esifanayo nohambo, okungonga isikhathi sokuphumula ngamahora afinyelela kwangu-48-72.
Izilinganiso Zezindleko kanye Nesakhiwo Sezinkokhelo Ezingeziwe
Ukuthutha nge-cold chain kulo mzila kubiza kakhulu kunempahla eyomile evamile njengoba izitsha ze-reefer zibiza kakhulu, ama-terminal adinga ugesi, futhi kunzima ukulandelela yonke into. Abantu abathumela izinto ngale ndlela ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi izimali ezengeziwe zisebenza kanjani bavame ukweqa isabelomali.
Amanani empahla yolwandle emzileni waseShayina-eNorway abelokhu ekhona yonke indawo ngo-2025 nango-2026, okuyisibonakaliso sezinkinga ezinkulu emhlabeni. Izindleko ezengeziwe ze-Reefer (ngokuvamile zingu-$500 kuya ku-$1,500 ngesitsha ngasinye ngaphezu kwamanani ezokuthutha ezomile) zihlala zisebenza. Okulandelayo isakhiwo sezindleko zokubhekisela zokuthunyelwa okuvamile kwe-cold chain kulo mzila kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2026:
| I-Cost Component | I-Reefer engu-20′ (Iqaliwe) | I-Reefer engu-40′ (Iqaliwe) | amanothi |
| Impahla Yokuthutha Yasolwandle Eyisisekelo (Tianjin–Oslo) | USD 2,800-4,200 | USD 4,500-6,500 | Kuxhomeke emakethe; bhukha kusenesikhathi |
| Inkokhelo Yokunwetshwa Kwe-Reefer (CRS) | USD 500-900 | USD 700-1,200 | Ngesitsha ngasinye, ngohambo ngalunye |
| I-Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) | USD 300-600 | USD 500-900 | Intengo kaphethiloli eguquguqukayo |
| Ukuphathwa Kwechweba – Tianjin | USD 200-350 | USD 300-500 | I-THC lapho ivela khona |
| Ukuphathwa Kwechweba – Indawo Oya Kuyo (eNorway) | USD 350-550 | USD 500-750 | I-THC yechweba laseNordic |
| Ukuhweba Ngezintela KwaseNorway | USD 150-300 | USD 150-300 | Ngokungena ngakunye |
| I-Inland Feeder eya eTromsø | USD 400-800 | USD 600-1,100 | Kusuka echwebeni elikhulu laseNorway |
| Idivayisi Yokuqapha Izinga lokushisa | USD 50-150 | USD 50-150 | Ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye |
Lezi zinombolo ziyizilinganiso ezilinganiselwe nje. Amanani angempela ayashintsha ngokuya ngesabelo senkampani, isizini (ukuthunyelwa kwe-Q4 kusuka eShayina kukhuphuka kakhulu), ukuminyana kwechweba, kanye nezinkomba zikaphethiloli. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL reefer kubiza nge-cubic meter ngayinye noma nge-1,000 kg ngayinye. Umlenze waseShayina-Norway uvame ukubiza phakathi kwama-USD angu-80 no-150 nge-CBM ngayinye ngaphambi kwezimali zendawo.
I-Tromsø feeder premium yinto abantu abavame ukuyikhohlwa. ITromsø ayiyona indawo evelele yokungena emizileni emikhulu yase-Asia-Europe, ngakho-ke imithwalo eya eTromsø ivame ukudlula e-Oslo, eBergen, noma esikhungweni saseScandinavia ngaphambi kokuyisa umkhumbi wokuhambisa izimpahla enyakatho. Uhlelo lokuthutha kumele lucabangele izindleko ezengeziwe, isikhathi, kanye nomcimbi wokuphatha ongeziwe kulolu chungechunge lwezokuthutha olubandayo.
Isango laseTromsø: Ingqalasizinda Yechweba kanye Nezokuthutha Zendawo
Ichweba laseTromsø liyindawo ebalulekile yokungena kokuthunyelwa kwezinhlanzi ezivela ezindaweni zase-Arctic zaseNorway. Lingaphatha futhi inani elikhulu lezimpahla eziqandisiwe. Ichweba linamandla okuthwala imithwalo ezwela ukushisa, futhi lihlala lixhunywe kumanethiwekhi okuthumela impahla aseYurophu ngezinsizakalo ezivamile zokondla ezivela eBergen nakwamanye amachweba aseNorway.
Kwabangenisi bezimpahla abavela eShayina beya eTromsø, ungqimba lwezokuthutha lwendawo lubaluleke kakhulu njengempahla yolwandle uqobo. Isikhumulo Sezindiza saseTromsø (IATA: TOS) sithutha amathani angaphezu kuka-6,000 empahla yomoya minyaka yonke futhi siyindawo ebalulekile yokungena kwempahla ebandayo edinga ukufika ngokushesha ngendiza. Inethiwekhi yemigwaqo yedolobha ixhuma kunethiwekhi enkulu yezokuthutha yaseNorway, kodwa ukuhlela kwemayela lokugcina kudinga ukucabangela isimo sezulu esibi sasebusika esingase senzeke ngale ndawo engaphezulu kwe-Arctic Circle, ikakhulukazi ekulethweni kwamaloli aqandisiwe.
Umkhakha wezokudla kwasolwandle eTromsø unendawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kakhulu, ngakho-ke isidingo siphezulu kakhulu ngezikhathi zokudoba eziyinhloko. Abangenisi abadinga indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo noma indawo yokugcina izinto ephakathi nendawo endaweni yaseTromsø kufanele babhukhe indawo kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma befuna ukuthi izimpahla zabo zifike ngezikhathi zonyaka ezimatasa kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuFebhuwari.
Ingqalasizinda efanayo isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kubathumeli bamazwe angaphandle abathumela ukudla kwasolwandle kwaseNorway eningizimu ngeTianjin ukuya eShayina. Impahla evela eTromsø ivame ukuhlanganiswa eBergen noma e-Oslo, ifakwe ezitsheni ze-reefer, bese ilethwa ngemizila emikhulu eya emachwebeni amakhulu aseYurophu. Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhungo se-cold chain ezenzakalelayo saseTianjin sinakekela ukwamukelwa kwamaShayina. Uhlelo lwayo lwerobhothi lungaphatha ngokushesha inani elikhulu lempahla yokungenisa ezwela ukushisa.
Ubuchwepheshe Nokubonakala Ekuphathweni Kwe-Cold Chain
Enye yezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu ekuphathweni kwe-cold chain eminyakeni emithathu edlule kube ukushintsha kusuka ekuqapheni okusabelayo kuya ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain okubikezelayo okusebenzisa i-Internet of Things (IoT). Ukubonakala kwesikhathi sangempela akuyona into yokunethezeka emzileni omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi njengoTianjin kuya eTromsø; kuyindlela yokuphatha ubungozi.
Izitsha ze-reefer zesimanje eziningi ziza nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezikude ezithumela izinga lokushisa, umswakama, imicimbi evuleka iminyango, kanye nedatha yendawo ye-GPS ngezikhathi ezibekiwe. Izinkampani ezinkulu zokuthumela njengeMaersk neHapag-Lloyd zinikeza izinsizakalo ze-reefer ezixhunyiwe njengezijwayelekile emizileni eminingi yokuhweba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthumeli eTianjin angaqapha izinga lokushisa lokuthunyelwa kwe-cod yakhe eqandisiwe ngenkathi idlula eSuez Canal, ima eRotterdam, bese iya enyakatho eTromsø. Uma izinga lokushisa lenyuka noma lehla ngaphambi kokuba impahla ifike lapho iya khona, umthumeli angathatha isinyathelo.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe eNorway nakho kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. I-Haugesund Stevedoring yamemezela ngoFebhuwari 2025 ukuthi izosebenzisana ne-Identec Solutions ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokuqapha i-reefer oludijithali oluphelele noluzenzakalelayo e-Haugesund Cargo Terminal. Lolu hlelo luzoxhuma amaphuzu ayi-100 e-reefer ohlelweni lokusebenza olukhona lwe-terminal. Lokhu kuyingxenye yomkhuba omkhulu emachwebeni aseNorway wokuhlanganiswa kwedijithali okuphelele kokuqapha i-cold chain. Lokhu kuhle kubangenisi ngoba kunciphisa izithiyo zokuhlolwa kwabantu futhi kwenza amaphepha abe lula ngezinjongo zomthetho.
Ukulandeleka okusekelwe ku-blockchain kusesesigabeni sokuqala salo mzila, kodwa kuya ngokuya kuthandwa kakhulu ngabathumeli bezinhlanzi baseNorway abadinga ukukhombisa abathengi baseShayina ukuthi ukudla kwabo kuvelaphi nokuthi kwakusekungakanani izinga lokushisa lapho besuka eNorway. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-GACC (General Administration of Customs of China) yaseShayina iya ngokuya iba lukhuni ngemithetho yokuphepha kokudla kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway: Izixazululo Zochungechunge Olubandayo Kusukela Ekugcineni Kuya Ekupheleni Kwalo Mzila
Ukuze udlule emzileni we-cold chain cold corridor eTianjin-Tromsø, udinga umlingani wezokuthutha owazi okungaphezu nje kokuthutha olwandle. Kudingeka bazi lonke uchungechunge kusukela kumkhiqizi waseShayina noma ichweba kuya endaweni yokugcina e-Arctic Norway. I-Topway Shipping isithole ikhono layo kulo mkhakha wokusebenza.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo zezokuthutha eziwela imingcele kusukela ngo-2010. Le nkampani inomlando omude ekuthuthweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokususwa kwempahla yasekhaya. Ithimba elisungule linolwazi lweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 kwezokuthutha kwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi lihle kakhulu ekubhekaneni nemithetho eminingi kanye nokusebenza okuhambisana nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezivela eShayina. Amandla amakhulu e-Topway Shipping ayesemigwaqweni yokuhweba phakathi kweShayina ne-US, kodwa izinsizakalo zayo zimboza umhlaba wonke, kufaka phakathi izindawo zaseYurophu njengeNorway. imizila yokuhweba, izinsizakalo zayo zimboza umhlaba wonke, kufaka phakathi izindawo zaseYurophu njengeNorway.
Kwabathuthi bemikhumbi abasebenzisa uchungechunge olubandayo emzileni iTianjin-Tromsø, iTopway Shipping iphatha konke kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sokuthutha kusuka ezimbonini noma ezindaweni zokugcina impahla kuya eTianjin Port kuya ekulethweni kwemayela lokugcina endaweni oya kuyo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ama-reefer containers, ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle ezindaweni ezibalulekile zokudlulisa impahla, kanye nokusiza ngokuvunyelwa kwempahla (kufaka phakathi imibhalo yempahla yasekhaya yaseNorway). Abathuthi bangakhetha phakathi kwempahla yasolwandle i-FCL ne-LCL esuka eTianjin iye emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi bafanise usayizi wesitsha nenani lempahla abanayo esikhundleni sokukhokhela indawo engasetshenziswanga.
Okwenza i-Topway Shipping ihluke emizileni eyinkimbinkimbi njengalena ukuthi inolwazi lokusebenza kanye nobuchwepheshe ekususeni amasiko. Uma ungenisa izimpahla ezibandayo zezinga lokudla eNorway, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ngamaphepha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izitifiketi zezempilo, ama-temperature log, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-HS okulungile. Uma kukhona amaphutha kula madokhumenti, impahla ingabanjwa, okungaba kubi kakhulu ekuthunyelweni okonakalayo. I-Topway Shipping ibilokhu yenza ibhizinisi emhlabeni wonke iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14, ngakho-ke bayazi ukuthi bangasusa kanjani amasiko. Lokhu kunikeza abathumeli ngaphandle ingozi yangempela kulo mzila onzima.
I-Topway Shipping inokuqonda okujulile kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kanye nokulawula ukwenza lo mzila usebenze kahle kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukusungula uchungechunge olubandayo oluthembekile nolungabizi kakhulu phakathi kwenyakatho yeShayina ne-Arctic Norway.
Izinto Eziyingozi kanye Namasu Okunciphisa
Ukuthutha izimpahla ezibandayo ezithatha isikhathi eside kuvame ukuba nezingozi, futhi abathengisi kufanele bazi ngezingozi ezikhethekile zomzila weTianjin-Tromsø ngaphambi kokuba bathumele izimpahla eziningi.
Isehlakalo sokudluliselwa kwempahla siyingozi enkulu yokusebenza. Lapho isitsha se-reefer singagcwalisiwe, sithuthwa, noma sithuthwa sisuka komunye umkhumbi siye komunye, kunesikhathi lapho isitsha singasetshenziswa khona ngokusebenzayo futhi ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kuncike ekushiseni okubandayo noma okungasebenzi. Emzileni weTianjin-Tromsø, impahla ngokuvamile kufanele idlule okungenani ekudluliselweni okukodwa, okuvame ukuba sechwebeni elikhulu laseYurophu. Lapho umlenze we-feeder we-Tromsø wengezwa, ngokuvamile kufanele idlule emibili. Esikhumulweni, isitsha sidinga ukuxhunywa emuva emandleni ogwini lomcimbi ngamunye. Abathumeli abaningi bayasishiya isinyathelo sokuhlola ukuthi ama-terminal okudluliselwa kwempahla anamandla anele okuxhuma i-reefer nokuthi izinqubo zokusebenza zomthwali ziqinisekisa ukuthi i-plug-in yenzeka ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe.
Ukungazinzi kwezepolitiki, njengokungezwani kwamanje eMpumalanga Ephakathi okuthonya ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu ngo-2025 nango-2026, kwenza izikhathi zokuhamba zingabi lula ukuzibikezela. Lapho kudingeka izinguquko zomzila, ukuthunyelwa okwakufanele kuthathe izinsuku ezingu-30 ukuwela ulwandle kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-38 kuya kwezingu-42 esikhundleni salokho. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izimpahla ezibandayo zonakale ngaphambi kokuba ziphephe ukudliwa. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi ngokufaka ama-buffers esikhathi sokuhamba ekuhleleni i-cold chain kanye nokukhetha izigaba zezimpahla ezingaphatha umehluko wezinsuku ezingu-10-15 empilweni yeshelufu.
Isimo sezulu eNorway singenye ingozi yokusebenza evame ukunganakwa. E-Tromsø, isimo sezulu sasebusika singaba sibi kakhulu, futhi iqhwa neqhwa kungenza kube nzima ukufika ezindaweni zokulethwa ngaphakathi. Abangenisi kufanele basebenzisane nabahlinzeki bendawo baseNorway abanezimoto eziqandisiwe ezingabhekana nesimo sezulu sasebusika kanye nezinhlelo uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka kwesimo sezulu ukuze babhekane nokuthutha kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide.
Isiphetho
Abathumeli abalungele umzila we-cold chain cord corridor waseTianjin-Tromsø bazokuthola kunzima, kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kunenzuzo enkulu. I-Tianjin Port inengqalasizinda ye-cold chain ezenzakalelayo esezingeni lomhlaba, kanti i-Tromsø isendaweni enhle yokuba yisango le-logistics lase-Arctic. Lokhu kwenza kube umzila wokuhweba onengqondo ngokombono webhizinisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthumela i-salmon yaseNorway kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa yaseShayina noma uletha ukudla okucutshungulwe kwaseShayina nemithi emakethe yaseNorway Arctic.
Izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile ukuze uphumelele kulo mzila: ukukhetha indlela efanele yokuhamba ehambisana nezidingo zokushisa kwempahla yakho kanye nesikhathi sayo sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unawo wonke amaphepha afanele enkambiso yaseNorway, kanye nokusebenza nenkampani yezokuthutha engakwazi ukusingatha lonke uchungechunge kusukela ekuqaleni kuya endaweni ngaphandle kokulahla induku ezindaweni zokuthutha impahla.
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-cold chain izoqhubeka ikhula ngokushesha kuze kube ngawo-2030. Ukwakha i-cold chain ethembekile, ehambisanayo, nesebenzisa ubuchwepheshe emizileni efana neTianjin kuya eTromsø namuhla kuzosiza abathumeli ukuthi basebenzise amandla okuhweba alokho kukhula kwenye yezindlela ezintsha zokuhweba ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthutha impahla olwandle kusuka eTianjin kuya eTromsø?
A: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL reefer kufanele kuthathe izinsuku ezingama-28 kuya kwezingama-35, kufaka phakathi umlenze wokudla osuka echwebeni elikhulu laseNorway uye eTromsø. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezingama-32 kuya kwezingama-40. Izikhathi zokuhamba zincike emzileni kanye nezikhathi zesikhathi zabathwali.
Q: Ingabe iNorway inenqubo yayo yamasiko ehlukile kwi-EU?
A: Yebo. INorway ayilona ilungu le-EU futhi inemithetho yayo yentela. I-VAT ingu-25% wenani le-CIF, futhi ukudla okungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kudinga izitifiketi ezithile zezempilo futhi kungadingeka kuhlolwe mathupha.
Q: Yiliphi izinga lokushisa eligcinwa yizitsha ze-reefer kule ndlela?
A: Izitsha ezintsha ze-reefer zingabamba amazinga okushisa kusukela ku-30°C kuya ku-+30°C. -18°C kuya ku-22°C izinga lokushisa elivamile lokudla kwasolwandle okuqandisiwe. Ukuze kuhambisane ne-GDP, imithwalo yemithi ngokuvamile idinga ukugcinwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-+2°C no-+8°C ngokugcinwa kwemibhalo njalo.
Q: Ingabe ukuthutha ngesitimela kuyindlela efanelekile yokuthutha imithwalo ye-cold chain eya eTromsø?
A: Isitimela singenzeka engxenyeni esuka eShayina iye eYurophu (izinsuku ezingu-13-17), kodwa iNorway ayinayo indlela eqondile yokufinyelela eTromsø ngesitimela. Ngokuvamile kudingeka kube nengxenye yomgwaqo noma yokuhambisa ulwandle esigabeni sokugcina, okwenza izinto zibe nzima futhi zithathe isikhathi eside.
Q: Yiziphi izinsizakalo ezinikezwa yiTopway Shipping kulo mzila?
A: I-Topway Shipping inikeza i-logistics ephelele ye-cold chain, kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sohambo oluya e-Tianjin Port kuya ekuthuthweni kolwandle kwe-reefer FCL kanye ne-LCL, ukugcinwa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlanza izimpahla zamasiko, kanye nokulethwa kwezimpahla okuhamba ibanga elide. Le nkampani ibilokhu yenza ibhizinisi emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2010, futhi ithimba elisungule lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe.
