29/11/2025

Izindleko Ezifihliwe e-China kuya e-USA Ocean Freight kanye nokuthi Zigwenywa Kanjani

Okuqukethwe

Isingeniso

Uma uletha izinto ezisuka e-China uziyisa e-US, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabhekana nalokhu: uthola inani “elihle” lempahla yasolwandle, uthumele izinto, bese ibhokisi lakho lokungenayo ligcwala izikweletu ezengeziwe nezinto eziyinqaba ongazilindele. Izindleko eziphelele zikhulu kakhulu kunekhotheshini ovumelene ngayo lapho iphakethe lakho lifika.

Abangenisi abaningi babiza lezi zinto zomugqa owengeziwe ngokuthi “izindleko ezifihliwe.” Aziyona imfihlo ngempela ngomqondo wezomthetho, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi azichazwa kahle, zingcwatshwe ngokuphrinta okuncane, noma ziboniswa kuphela ngemva kokuba ukuthunyelwa sekuvele emanzini noma sekufikile echwebeni. Lezi zindleko ezingalindelekile zingasho umehluko phakathi kokwenza imali nokulahlekelwa imali kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi lawo athengisa nge-inthanethi.

Impahla yasolwandle esuka e-China iya e-US iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya amafekthri, abashayeli bamaloli, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, amatheminali, abathwali basolwandle, amasiko, abadayisi, nabathwali bamamayela okugcina. Ngokomthetho, izinhlangothi zombili zingakhokhisa imali ngezinkonzo zazo. Uma ungazi ukuthi yiziphi izindleko ezifakiwe kusicaphuni sakho nokuthi yiziphi ezingafakiwe, lezo zindleko zizobonakala zifihliwe.

Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngezimali ezifihliwe ezivame kakhulu zempahla yasolwandle esuka e-China iye e-US, kungani zenzeka, nokuthi zingagwenywa kanjani noma zehliswe kanjani. Sizophinde sikubonise ukuthi ukusebenza nenkampani yezokuthutha echwepheshile efana ne-Topay Shipping kungakusiza kanjani ubone ukuthi izinto zibiza malini futhi ugcine inzuzo yakho iphephile.

Kusho Ukuthini “Konke Okungaphakathi” Ngempela e-China kuya e-USA Ocean Freight

Izimpahla eziningi ezicashuniwe zifaka amagama athi "inani lentengo yakho konke" noma "izindleko zendlu ngendlu." Ngokudabukisayo, elithi “konke” lingasho izinto ezihluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ubani onikeza ikhotheshini nokuthi yiziphi izinkonzo ezifakiwe.

Izindleko zakho zokuthutha olwandle lwamazwe ngamazwe zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo:

Izindleko zomsuka e-China
Umlenze wolwandle oyinhloko (kusuka echwebeni ukuya echwebeni)
Izindleko zokuhamba e-US
Okungeziwe okungadingeki (umshwalense, ukuphatha okukhethekile, izinsizakalo ezingeziwe)

Abanye abathumeli bavele bafake impahla ethekwini iye ethekwini futhi bayilebule ngokuthi “konke” ngoba bahlanganisa izindleko zenkampani yenethiwekhi nezindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli. Ezinye izinkampani zihlinzeka ngamanani entengo yendlu ngendlu ahlanganisa ngempela ukulayishwa, izinqubo zokuthekelisa, ukuthutha olwandle, imvume yezimpahla, kanye nokulethwa kokugcina. Kufanele ucace kakhulu ukuthi yini ehilelekile emsebenzini wakho.

Udinga futhi ukwazi ukuthi obani abadlali abayinhloko:

Imboni noma umphakeli ovela e-China
Umthumeli wempahla, ongaba seShayina, e-US, noma kokubili
Umthwali wolwandle
Amatheminali nezindawo zokugcina
Amabhizinisi wamaloli ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kohambo
Ama-ejensi okulawula amasiko nemingcele
Abathwali bemayela lokugcina, ikakhulukazi ukuthenga ku-inthanethi

Uma izinto zingahambi kahle njengoba bekuhleliwe, leyo mibhalo ifika sekwephuzile, iziqukathi ezihlezi esikhumulweni semikhumbi, noma amasiko ukukhetha ukuthunyelwa kwakho ukuze kuhlolwe, ngayinye yalezi zinkampani ingase ikukhokhise ngaphezulu. Ukubambezeleka, ukungalandeli imithetho, noma ukungacaci ukuthi ubani onecala konke kungaholela “emacaleni acashile.”

Isisho esicace bha sizothi:

Ububanzi besevisi obuqondile (isb., FOB Shenzhen to Door Los Angeles, DAP Amazon warehouse, DDP, njll.)
Iziphi izindleko ezifakwe enanini
Yiziphi izindleko ezilindelekile kodwa ezingafakwanga (isb., imisebenzi yentela engenayo, imali yokuhlolwa, ukuhoxiswa kwemali)
Imiphi imicimbi engase ikhiqize izindleko ezengeziwe (isb, isitoreji ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-X zamahhala)

Uma le mininingwane ingekho noma ingacacile, uba sengozini yezimanga ezingemnandi.

Izindleko Ezivamile Ezifihliwe Kwasekuqaleni e-China

Kunezinkokhelo eziningi ezingavela ngaphambi kokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuhambe nokuhamba e-China okungenzeka awuzange ucabange. Ezinye zivamile futhi zilungile, kodwa ezinye zingase zibe phezulu kunalokho okufanele zikhokhiswe kabili uma kungabonakali ukuthi ubani ophethe phakathi komphakeli wakho nomthumeli wakho wezimpahla.

Abangenisi bavame ukumangala ngalezi zinkokhelo ezivamile zohlangothi lwendabuko:

Izimali zamaphepha okuthunyelwa ngaphandle
Inkokhelo yokumenyezelwa kwempahla edayiswayo noma imvume yezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe
I-Terminal handling charge (THC) ekuqaleni
Isitoreji nokuphatha
Ukubeka izinto kuma-pallet, ukupakisha, ukulebula, nokufaka amabhakhodi kuwo
Izimali ezengeziwe zamaloli (isikhathi sokulinda, inhlawulo yendawo ekude)
Izindleko zokususwa kwe-original demurrage kanye nesitoreji ziyasebenza uma iziqukathi noma impahla ihlala endaweni isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Nansi incazelo elula yalezi zindleko ukukusiza ukuthi uziqonde kangcono:

Uhlobo Lwenkokhelo Yomsuka	Isimo Esijwayelekile	Lapho Iba Inkokhelo “Efihliwe”
Inkokhelo Yokuthekelisa Kwemibhalo	Umthumeli wempahla ulungisa amadokhumenti okuthumela kanye ne-bill of lading.	Akushiwongo ekucaphuneni; ibonakala njenge-invoyisi ehlukile ngemva kokunikezelwa kwempahla.
Khipha isimemezelo seCustoms	Ukufaka ukungena kokuthekelisa ngamasiko aseShayina.	Umphakeli okucatshangwa ukuthi umdluliseli uzokhokha; umdluliseli kucatshangwa ukuthi umphakeli uzokhokha; ukhokhiswa kamuva.
Umsuka we-THC (Ukuphathwa kwetheminali)	Izindleko zembobo zokuphatha iziqukathi noma umthwalo we-LCL endaweni yoqobo.	Kucashunwe “impahla yasolwandle” kuphela; I-THC ikleliswe ngokwehlukana ngemuva kokuthi impahla isethekwini.
kubekwa khona & Ukuphatha	Impahla egcinwe noma ehlanganiswe endaweni yokugcina impahla ngaphambi kokulayisha.	Isikhathi samahhala seqiwe noma ukuhlanganisa kuthatha isikhathi eside; izimali zokugcina nezokuphatha zikhokhiswa kamuva.
I-Palletizing & Packing	Impahla idinga ukupakishwa kabusha noma ifakwe i-pallet ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zenkampani yenethiwekhi noma zomthengi.	Umphakeli akazange afake ukupakisha okufanele; umdluliseli ukhokhisa izinkokhelo ezengeziwe ukuze athobele.
Izinkokhelo zamaloli	Isikhathi sokulinda, imisebenzi yasebusuku noma izindawo zokulandwa ezikude.	Ukulibaziseka kwefekthri ukulayisha; iloli lilinda isikhathi eside kunesikhathi samahhala futhi amahora engeziwe akhokhelwa kuwe.
I-Origin Storage/Demurrage	Isiqukathi sihlala isikhathi eside kutheminali ngaphambi kokulayisha.	Ukubhalwa sekwephuzile kwemibhalo, izinkokhelo, noma izindaba zezimpahla ezidala ukubambezeleka; izimali ezidluliselwa kumthumeli.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izindleko zomsuka zincike kakhulu ekutheni ubani olawula lokho phakathi kwakho, umphakeli wakho, kanye nomdluliseli wakho. Kulapho ama-Incoterms afana ne-FOB, EXW, FCA, namanye ebaluleka kakhulu.

Lapho uthenga i-FOB (Yamahhala Ebhodini), umphakeli wakho ngokuvamile nguyena olawula inqubo yokuthekelisa futhi athole izinto emkhunjini, okufaka izimali eziningi zomsuka. Uma uthenga i-EXW (Ex Works), uthatha umthwalo owengeziwe. Udinga futhi ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi umdluliseli wakho ubhala ngokucacile zonke izindleko zomsuka ukuze zingalahleki.

Amacala Afihliwe Phakathi Nomlenze Wasolwandle

Ngisho noma izimpahla zakho sezikhona kakade emkhunjini, kungase kudingeke ukhokhe ngaphezulu. Eziningi zalezi izimali ezengeziwe ezibekwe abathwali basolwandle futhi ezidluliswa abathumeli bempahla.

Ezinye izinkokhelo ezifihliwe ezijwayelekile ezivela phakathi nohambo yilezi:

Izindleko zikaphethiloli noma i-Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF)
Izimali zesibabule eziphansi noma ezemvelo
I-Curency Adjustment Factor (CAF)
Inhlawulo Yesizini Enkulu (PSS)
Izinga Elijwayelekile Likhuphuka (GRI)
Izinkokhelo ezengeziwe zezimo eziphuthumayo (njengenkokhelo yokuminyana)
Izindleko ezengeziwe zemishini noma ukungalingani kwesitsha
Izimali zokugingqika uma iziqukathi zigeja umkhumbi ohleliwe

Lezi zimali zivame ukufakwa ohlwini ngokuphrinta kahle kodwa azicaciswanga ngokucacile ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi uma inkampani yenethiwekhi ingakawasho amanani okugcina. Umphumela ungase ube impahla yasolwandle ebiza ngaphezu kwalokho obukucabanga.

Nasi isifinyezo sendlela lezi zindleko ezingaphezulu ezisebenza ngayo:

Inkokhelo eyengeziwe yolwandle	Injongo	Kungani Kuzwakala Kufihliwe
I-BAF / Fuel Surcharge	Inxephezela inkampani yenethiwekhi ngokushintshashintsha kwezindleko zikaphethiloli.	Ikhonjiswe ngokwehlukana nenani eliyisisekelo; inani lingashintsha phakathi kosuku lokucaphuna kanye nosuku lokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Isibabulethi Esiphansi / Imali Yendawo Ezungezile	Ikhava izindleko zokuthobelana nemithethonqubo yokukhipha umoya (isb, i-IMO 2020).	Ngezinye izikhathi zilebulwe ngamagama afinyeziwe angajwayelekile; abangenisi bacabanga ukuthi "ifakiwe" empahleni kodwa ingase ikhokhiswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-CAF (Isici Sokulungiswa Kwemali)	Ivikela inkampani yenethiwekhi ezingozini zokushintshisana ngemali.	Isetshenziswa njengephesenti phezu kwempahla; akuvamile ukuchazwa ngolimi olulula kubathumeli bemikhumbi abancane.
Inhlawulo Yesizini Enkulu (PSS)	Imali eyengeziwe ngezikhathi zonyaka ezidingeka kakhulu.	Icashunwe ngenani eliphansi lesisekelo bese i-PSS yengezwa eduze nokusuka lapho isidingo sinamandla.
Ukwenyuka Kwesilinganiso Esijwayelekile (GRI)	Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lempahla emakethe kumenyezelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngabathwali.	Abathekelisi bathola ikhotheshini bese kuba nesaziso sokuthi amanani azoba phezulu ngenxa ye-GRI, ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlela.
Inkokhelo Yezimo Eziphuthumayo/ Yokuminyana	Inkokhelo yesikhashana ngenxa yokuminyana kwembobo, izimangalo, noma okunye ukuphazamiseka.	Kwethulwe ngesaziso esifushane; amakhasimende acabanga ukuthi isicaphuna sokuqala besokugcina.
Inkokhelo Yokungalingani Kwezisetshenziswa	Khokhisa ukubeka kabusha iziqukathi uma kushoda ezindaweni ezithile.	Ayiqondwa ngabathumbi; babona kuphela into entsha yomugqa ngaphandle kokuqonda inkinga yokungalingani ewumsuka.
Imali ye-Rollover	Ishajwa lapho isiqukathi sigeja umkhumbi waso obhukhiwe bese sigoqwa siye kwesinye.	Icushwe i-VGM sekwephuzile, amaphepha, noma ukubhukha ngokweqile; abathenga kwamanye amazwe bazizwa bephuphuthekiswe yile mali.

Indlela elula yokuzivikela ekuthuthumeleni okungajabulisi ukubuza umdluliseli wakho ukuthi isilinganiso sakho sihlanganisa zonke izinkokhelo ezaziwayo zesikhathi sokuhamba ngomkhumbi kanye nokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izintela ezisashintsha ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe.

Izindleko Ezifihliwe Lapho Ufika e-USA

Abathengi abaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe bathola ukuthi izindleko ezifihlekile ezimbi kakhulu zenzeka uma impahla ifika echwebeni lase-US njengeLos Angeles/Long Beach, Oakland, Seattle, New York/New Jersey, Savannah, noma Houston. Uma izinto zakho sezifikile lapho, unegunya elincane kakhulu lokuxoxisana. Ukuze ukhulule umthwalo wakho, kufanele ukhokhe izindleko ezithile. Uma ungenjalo, ungase ubhekane nabathengi abahlukunyezwayo, ukuvalelwa kanye nokucasuka.

Ezinye izinkokhelo ezifihliwe ezijwayelekile ngasohlangothini lwendawo yilezi:

Izindleko zokuphatha itheminali yendawo (DTHC)
Izimali zemibhalo nama-oda okulethwa
Izinkonzo ezengeziwe kanye i-custom brokerage Izimali
Izinkokhelo ze-ISF (Importer Security Filing) noma izinhlawulo zokugcwalisa sekwephuzile
Ukuhlolwa kwamasiko nezimali ezihambisana nazo (i-CET, i-VACIS/X-ray, nezivivinyo ezinamandla)
Izimali zokuvikeleka kwechweba kanye ne-wharfage
Izindleko zokusebenzisa i-chassis
Izindleko zokudlula kwama-pier noma ukuminyana kwembobo kwamanye amachweba
Izimali zokulinda iloli, ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti, nokuhlala endaweni ethile
Ukukhipha izinto endlini yokugcina impahla, ukuzifaka kuma-pallet, ukuzimaka, nokuzibeka

Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa ezinye zezindleko ezivame kakhulu zendawo ezingakufica ungalindele:

Uhlobo Lwenkokhelo Lendawo	Isimo Esijwayelekile	Iphenduka Kanjani Izindleko "Ezifihliwe".
Indawo okuyiwa kuyo iTHC (DTHC)	Izindleko zechweba zokwethula isitsha nokuphatha endaweni yokufika.	Akucaciswanga “ezimpahla zasolwandle”; Umenzeli wasendaweni uyikhokha ngokuhlukile ukuze akhulule isiqukathi.
I-oda Lokulethwa / Imali Yedokhumenti	Umenzeli ukhipha i-oda lokulethwa ukuze umshayeli weloli akwazi ukucosha isiqukathi.	Imali encane yedokhumenti iphindaphindwe phakathi kokuthunyelwa okuningi; akuvamile ukudalulwa ngezingcaphuno ezilula.
I-Customs Brokerage	Ukufakwa kwamafayela omthengisi onelayisensi ne-US Customs.	Okushiwo kuphela ngokuthi “imvume yamasiko ayifakiwe” kusicaphuni; imali yangempela nezengezo zivela kamuva.
Imali Yokugcwalisa I-ISF / Izinhlawulo	I-ISF kufanele ifakwe amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokusuka komkhumbi.	Ukufayila sekwephuzile noma amaphutha kungadala izinhlawulo; abangenisa kwamanye amazwe bacabanga ukuthi umdluliseli "ufake" i-ISF kodwa akubanga njalo.
Izivivinyo Nokuphathwa Kwamasiko	Ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe noma okusekelwe engcupheni okwenziwa yi-CBP noma ama-ejensi ahlobene.	Izingcaphuno azivamile ukufaka izindleko zokuhlolwa okungenzeka; izikweletu zingaba zibalulekile futhi zifike ngokumangazayo.
Imali Yokusebenzisa I-Chassis	Umshayeli wamaloli kufanele asebenzise i-chassis ukuhambisa isiqukathi esikhumulweni semikhumbi.	Akufakiwe esilinganisweni sokukhishwa komugqa, ikakhulukazi emachwebeni anamachibi o-chassis; i-invoyisi ngokuhlukana ngemva kokulethwa.
Ukuminyana kwePort / PierPass	Izindleko ezengeziwe zokuhambisa iziqukathi ngesikhathi samahora aphakeme kwezinye izimbobo zase-US.	Abathekelisi abangayijwayele imithetho yechweba lendawo; bheka lokhu "njengokwengeziwe" naphezu kokujwayelekile kuleso sifunda.
Isikhathi sokulinda iloli	Umshayeli wamaloli uyalinda ngenxa yokubambezeleka kwembobo noma ukulayisha/ukukhipha kancane kulowo othunyiwe.	Isilinganiso samaloli sihlanganisa isikhathi esilinganiselwe samahhala; amahora engeziwe akhokhiswa ngamanani e-premium.
Ukuphathwa kwe-Warehouse & Storage	Isiqukathi sipakishwe endaweni yokugcina izimpahla; isitoreji uma impahla ingathathwanga ngokushesha.	Izinsuku zamahhala zeqiwe noma i-aphoyintimenti ibambezelekile; izindleko zehora noma zansuku zonke zesitoreji ziyanda.
Demurrage	Impahla ihlala kutheminali ngaphezu kwesikhathi samahhala ngaphambi kokulandwa.	Ukubambezeleka ekukhokheni, amadokhumenti, ukukhishwa kwempahla, noma ukuthutha ngamaloli; i-demurrage iqoqana nsuku zonke ngamanani akhulayo.
Ukuvalelwa (Per Diem)	Isitsha esigcinwe umuntu othunyiwe noma umshayeli weloli ngaphezu kwezinsuku zamahhala ngaphandle kwetheminali.	Ukuntuleka kokuhlelela ukuhlehla nokubuya; amashaji ngosuku ngesitsha ngasinye angakhuphuka ngokushesha.

Eziningi zalezi zimali azinakugwenywa ngokomthetho, kodwa amanani owakhokhayo nokuthi ubhekana kangaki nawo angalawulwa ukuhlela okuhle kanye nozakwethu wezokuthutha osobala.

Kungani Ezinye Izingcaphuno Zibukeka Zishibhile Kodwa Zibiza Kakhudlwana Ekugcineni

Uma ucela ikhwowutheshini engaphezu kweyodwa yokuthutha olwandle esuka e-China ukuya e-US, amanye ama-ejensi angakunikeza amanani aphansi kakhulu kunalokho obukulindele. Uma zonke izingcaphuno zisho okuthile njengokuthi “FOB Shanghai to Door Los Angeles,” kulula ukufuna ukuhamba nenani eliphansi kakhulu.

Kodwa izinga eliphansi lesisekelo lingasho ukuthi izimali eziningi zendawo azikho noma azifakwanga esiphakamisweni sokuqala. Amanye amasu ajwayelekile yilawa:

Izimpahla zasolwandle kuphela kanye nezinkokhelo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo ezicashuniwe, zishiya ngaphandle izindleko zetheminali, umsebenzi wamaphepha, i-chassis, nezinye izindleko zasendaweni.
Ukusebenzisa imishwana engacacile njengokuthi "kanye nezindleko zendawo" ngaphandle kokunikeza nombono wokuthi lezo zindleko zingaba yini.
Lapho kuthunyelwa i-LCL, bakhokhisa imali encane ngevolumu noma isisindo kunalokho okufanele bese bakhokhisa umehluko lapho impahla ikalwa kutheminali.
Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ukwehlisa imali, ukuvalelwa, noma ukugcinwa ngemva kwezinsuku zamahhala kungase kubize imali eningi.
Ukunikeza okuningi kusuka echwebeni elilodwa e-China kodwa ungasho ukuthi ukuthutha ngamaloli kuya kulelo chweba usuka endaweni yakho kuzobiza kakhulu kunokukhetha ichweba eliseduze.

Akufanele umane ubheke izinga lempahla eliyisisekelo uma uqhathanisa amabhidi; kufanele futhi ubheke izindleko zokufika. Tshela umhlinzeki ngamunye ukuthi achaze:

Yiziphi izimali ezifakiwe kukhwothi
Imaphi amanani okungenzeka kodwa awafakiwe ohlwini
Yiziphi izimo ezingabangela izindleko ezengeziwe

Uma ikhotheshini ingachazi ngokucacile lezi zinto, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ukhokhe iphrimiyamu yobungozi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngendlela yezimali ezifihliwe.

Amasu Okugwema noma Ukunciphisa Izindleko Ezifihliwe

Ukungabi nezimali ezifihliwe akusho ukususa zonke izindleko ezengeziwe; kuhilela ukwazi ngabo kusenesikhathi, ukubenzela izinhlelo, nokunciphisa lezo ongazidingi. Lawa mathiphu awusizo ikakhulukazi ekuthumeleni impahla esuka e-China iye e-US ngolwandle.

Khetha ama-Incoterms alungile Nomhlinzeki Wakho

Esinyathelweni ngasinye, ama-Incoterms akutshela ukuthi ubani ophethe ezokuthutha nezindleko. I-FOB iyindlela enhle kakhulu yabangeniseli abaningi abancane nabaphakathi nendawo njengoba umphakeli enakekela amaphepha okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe futhi abeke imikhiqizo emkhunjini. Ungabe usulawula izindleko eziyisisekelo zokuthutha kanye nendawo oya kuyo ngomthumeli wakho omkhethile.

Uma uthenga i-EXW, lungela ezinye izinkokhelo zomsuka, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi umthumeli wakho ubhala ngokucacile zonke izimali zomsuka okuzodingeka uzikhokhe. Uma uncike kumakhotheshini e-CIF amiswe umphakeli wakho, ungathola ukuthi i-ejenti yomphakeli e-US ilawula izindleko zendawo oya kuyo. Lokhu kungase kuholele ezinkokhelweni zasendaweni ezeqisayo nezingacacile.

Uma usebenza nozakwethu wezokuthutha onokwethenjelwa, ungakwazi ukubalekela ugibe "lwempahla eshibhile yasolwandle, izindleko zendawo oya kuyo" ngokucosha ngokucophelela ama-Incoterms.

Cela Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezindleko Okuningiliziwe Ngaphambili

Esikhundleni sokwamukela inombolo "yonke" eyodwa, cela isisho esinemininingwane esihlukanisayo:

Izindleko zomsuka
Impahla enkulu yasolwandle nezinye izimali
Izindleko zendawo oya kuyo
Izinsizakalo ezengeziwe (umshwalense onjalo, isitoreji, i-custom brokerage, njalonjalo)

Umdluliseli kufanele akwazi ukukutshela ububanzi obujwayelekile nethuba lento ngayinye yomugqa, ngisho noma engakwazi ukukutshela kahle ukuthi ngayinye izobiza malini kusengaphambili (isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwemikhuba akubikezeleki).

Umdluliseli ocacile uzophinde akutshele izindleko abangakwazi ukuzilawula, imisebenzi enjalo yentela noma ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe. Nokho, bangakusiza uqonde ubungozi futhi uhlele isabelomali sakho ngendlela efanele.

Cacisa Isikhathi Samahhala Nezinqubomgomo Zokugcina

Ukwehliswa nokuboshwa kungenza umthwalo obekufanele wenze imali ulahlekelwe yimali. Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, qiniseka ukuthi:

Inombolo yezinsuku zamahhala onazo ethekwini lase-US ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukukhishwa kwe-demurrage
Zingaki izinsuku okufanele ubuyisele isiqukathi esingenalutho mahhala ngaphambi kokuvalelwa noma ukungena nge-diem ngayinye
Uma intengo yakho yeloli ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-chassis, zingaki izinsuku ezosetshenziswa?
Wenzani uma uphuthelwa ukukhululwa kwamasiko noma unezinkinga ngamaphepha akho?

Ungagwema ukukhokhela isitoreji esengeziwe kanye nezinto zokusebenza ngokuqonda uma unesikhathi esikhululekile futhi uhlele ukusulwa kwamasiko, ukukhokha, kanye nama-aphoyintimenti wamaloli ngalezo zikhathi.

Qondanisa Amadokhumenti Nokuhambisana Nemithetho Kusenesikhathi

Izimali ezifihliwe zivame ukubangelwa ukubhala sekwephuzile noma okungaphelele. Kunoma yini engena e-US, qiniseka:

Kubalulekile ukufaka i-ISF ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi, okusho ukuthi okungenani amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokuba umkhumbi ushiye ichweba lokugcina langaphandle.
Amasiko angahlukanisa ama-invoyisi okuthengisa kanye nohlu lokupakisha njengoba engaguquki futhi anemininingwane.
Noma imaphi amalayisense athile noma izimvume (zezimpahla ezilawulwayo) zenziwa kusenesikhathi.
Amalungiselelo ebhondi yothunyelelwa kanye nemininingwane yokungenisa irekhodi (IOR) konke kusethiwe.

Uzakwethu wezokuthutha osebenzayo angakutshela ukuthi yini oyidingayo esigabeni somkhiqizo wakho futhi akusize ugweme ukubambezeleka, ukuhlolwa, nezinhlawulo.

Lungiselela Imodi Yokuthumela: FCL vs LCL

Uma ukhetha i-LCL (less-than-container-load) kwezinye izimpahla, ingase ibukeke ishibhile ekuqaleni ngoba ukhokhela kuphela isikhala osisebenzisayo. Kepha i-LCL inesethi yayo yezimali ezifihliwe noma ezifihlwe kancane:

Ibiza kakhulu nge-cubic meter ngayinye
Izimali ezikhokhwayo zokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ezindaweni zokugcina impahla
ukuphatha okukhulu, okusho amathuba amakhulu ezindleko nokubambezeleka
Amaphepha engeziwe noma izimali zokuphatha ezivela kumdidiyeli

Uma ivolumu nesisindo kulungile, i-FCL (umthwalo wesitsha esigcwele) ingaba ishibhile futhi ithembeke kakhulu kune-LCL.

Nasi isibonelo esilula sokuqhathanisa:

Isimo	Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL (3–5 CBM)	Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL (Isitsha sama-20', Sigcwaliswe Ingxenye)
I-Base Freight Rate	Isamba esiphansi vs isiqukathi esigcwele, kodwa siphezulu nge-CBM ngayinye.	Isamba esiphezulu, kodwa izindleko ze-CBM ngayinye ziyehla njengoba umthamo ukhula.
Ukuphatha Amacala	Ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nezimali zokuphatha eziningi.	Amaphuzu okuphatha ambalwa; ikakhulukazi itheminali kanye namaloli.
Ukungafihli Kwezindleko	Izinto eziningi zomugqa ezivela kumaqembu amaningi (i-consolidator, i-warehouse, njll.).	Amaqembu ambalwa, kulula ukubona zonke izindleko.
Ingcuphe Yokubambezeleka Nezimali Ezingeziwe	Okuphakeme (isikhathi seqembu, amadokhumenti angekho angabambezela sonke isiqukathi).	Ngaphansi (isitsha sakho siphathwa njengeyunithi eyodwa).
Ikesi elingcono kakhulu lokusebenzisa	Ukuthunyelwa okuncane kakhulu, ukuhlola imikhiqizo emisha.	Ibhizinisi eliqinile, umthamo okhulayo, isidingo sokulawula izindleko nokubikezela.

Xoxisana nomdluliseli wakho ukuthi kunini lapho kunengqondo ukushintsha usuka ku-LCL uye ku-FCL, futhi ucele ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zokufika endaweni eyodwa kunokubheka impahla eyisisekelo kuphela.

Hlela Ngezinkathi Eziphakeme Nemiminyana

Imizila yokuhweba phakathi kweChina ne-US ivamise ukuba matasa ngamaholide amakhulu nezinkathi zokuthenga, okuhlanganisa:

Unyaka Omusha e-China
Iviki Legolide eChina
Sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela esikoleni.
E-US, Black Friday kanye noKhisimusi izinsuku ezinkulu zokuthenga.

Ngalezi zikhathi, izindleko ezengeziwe njenge-PSS kanye nezindleko zokuminyana zivame kakhulu, futhi izikebhe zingabambezeleka, okungaholela ekunciphiseni nasekuvalelweni.

Ungehlisa kokubili inani lezindleko ezingeziwe kanye nethuba lezindleko ezifihliwe ezihlobene nesitoreji ngokuhlela ukuthunyelwa kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kwezikhathi ezimatasa kanye nokusebenza nomdluliseli owaziyo ukuthi izinkathi zonyaka zikuthinta kanjani ukuthunyelwa.

Yakha Ubudlelwano Besikhathi Eside Nozakwethu Othembekile Wezinto Zokuthutha

Abantu abaningi abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe babona impahla njengomsebenzi olula: thola amabhidi amathathu, khetha eliphansi kakhulu, bese ulenza futhi ngokuthunyelwa okulandelayo. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto yenza kube nzima kunoma yimuphi uzakwethu ukuqonda ngempela ibhizinisi lakho futhi ikusize ugweme izimali ezifihliwe ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.

Ungathola okulandelayo ngokusebenzisana nomuntu othembekile odlulisela phambili umsebenzi ogxile ekuhwebeni phakathi kweChina ne-US:

Izibuyekezo ezivamile mayelana nezinguquko kumanani kanye nezinkokhelo ezengeziwe
Isiqondiso somuntu siqu kuma-Incoterms, amathebula ezikhathi zokuhamba, nemizila
Usizo ngamaphepha nokuthobela amasiko
Izindlela zokuthola usizo lapho izinkinga zivela endaweni okuyiwa kuyo

Le ndlela yobudlelwano yilapho izinkampani ezinolwazi ezifana ne-Toway Shipping zengeza inani.

Isibonelo: Ukuthi Izindleko Ezifihliwe Zingaphindaphindeka Kanjani Ekuthunyelweni Okukodwa

Isibonelo, cabanga ngesitolo esincane se-inthanethi esithumela i-FCL eyodwa (umthwalo wesitsha esigcwele) wezimpahla zisuka e-Shenzhen ziya endaweni yokugcina izimpahla eduze kwase-Los Angeles. Lena yindlela izimali ezifihliwe ezihlanganiswa ngayo.

Umthengisi uthola ikhotheshini yokuqala:

"Impahla engaphakathi kolwandle: USD 2,200 ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya ePort of Los Angeles."

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokunikezwayo okuqhathanisekayo kwe-$2,600 noma u-$2,800, isilinganiso sibukeka sisihle. Umthengisi ucabanga ukuthi izindleko eziyinhloko ziyanakekelwa.

Lapho iphakheji lilayishwa futhi lifika e-LA, lezi zinkokhelo ezengeziwe ezilandelayo ziyavela:

Inkokhelo yokusingatha itheminali yendawo (i-DTHC)
Imali ye-oda yokulethwa
I-Customs Brokerage kanye nokuthumela i-ISF
Izimali zokusebenzisa i-chassis nezinye izindleko zikaphethiloli
Izindleko ze-PierPass nokuminyana kwechweba
Amaloli asuka ethekwini aya endaweni yokugcina impahla
Ngolunye usuku lokudambisa ngoba kwathatha isikhathi eside kunalokho obekuhleliwe ukusula amasiko

Nansi indlela elula yokuqhathanisa ikhwotheshini enezindleko eziphansi, enemininingwane encane nekhwothi ecace kakhudlwana, nebiza kakhulu:

Izindleko	Ingcaphuno Yokuqala Ephansi (Ayicacile)	I-Quote esobala (Into eyodwa)
I-Ocean Freight (FOB Shenzhen – POL LA)	2,200	2,600
Izindleko zomsuka zifakiwe?	"Kuhlanganisiwe" (akukho ukwehlukana)	Kufakiwe, nemininingwane ecacile
Indawo okuyiwa kuyo iTHC	+250 (ngemuva kokufika)	Ifakwe kunqwaba yendawo okuyiwa kuyo
I-oda Lokulethwa / Imali Yedokhumenti	+ 80	Kufakiwe
I-Customs Brokerage & ISF Filing	+ 220	Kufakiwe
I-Chassis & Fuel Surcharge	+ 160	Kufakiwe
Ukuminyana kwePort / PierPass	+ 120	Kufakiwe
I-Demurrage (usuku olungu-1)	+ 150	Kugwenywe, hlela kusengaphambili
Amaloli aya eWarehouse	+ 450	Kufakwe kusilinganiso somuzi ngendlu
Isamba Sezindleko Zokusetshenzelwa Komhlaba	3,630	2,600-2,800 (kuya ngesakhiwo)

Ekupheleni kosuku, ikhwotheshini “eshibhile” engu-USD 2,200 igcina ibiza kakhulu kwezokuthutha kunentengo ethembeke kakhulu engu-USD 2,600, edalula ngokucacile okufakiwe futhi ivumele ongenisa impahla ngaphandle ahlele mayelana nokwehlisa imali.

Yilokhu okumayelana nezindleko ezifihliwe: hhayi ukuthi izinkokhelo zifihlwa ngokugcwele, kodwa ukuthi aziboniswa uma wenza isinqumo.

Ukuthi Ukuthumela Kwe-Topay Kukusiza Kanjani Ukugwema Izinkokhelo Ezifihliwe

Kusukela ngo-2010, i-Toway Shipping, ezinze e-Shenzhen, e-China, ibisebenzela ukwenza izisombululo ezicacile, eziphelayo zabo bobabili abangenisa impahla ngaphandle kanye ne-e-commerce ewela umngcele. I-Toway Shipping ifuna ukuba uzakwethu wezokuthutha wesikhathi eside okusiza ukuthi uhlele uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka olungabizi kakhulu noluthembekile olusuka e-China luye e-US, kunokuba nje wenze umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa.

Ithimba labasunguli lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yokuhlangenwe nakho ekuvunyelweni kwezimpahla zamazwe ngamazwe kanye namasiko, ngokugcizelela ukuthutha izimpahla phakathi kweChina ne-US Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kubalulekile uma kuziwa ekugwemeni izimali ezengeziwe. Izisebenzi ziyazi ukuthi izindleko ezingalindelekile zivame ukuvela kuphi, okuhlanganisa nezikhumulo zamachweba aseShayina, olwandle, noma emasangweni abalulekile ase-US, futhi zingakusiza ukuthi uhlele eduze kwazo.

Izinsizakalo ze-Toway Shipping zifaka lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha:

Okokuqala, izimpahla zithunyelwa zisuka kumhlinzeki wakho ziye ethekwini noma esikhungweni sokuhlanganisa e-China.
Izinketho zesitoreji saphesheya kwezilwandle ezenzelwe abathengisi kanye nabahleli bempahla abenza ibhizinisi ngaphesheya kwemingcele
Izinsizakalo zokuhlanza amasiko ezinobuchwepheshe futhi ezigxile ekuthotshelweni nasekugcwaliseni i-ISF nokungena ngesikhathi
Ukulethwa kwemayela lokugcina e-US, okuhlanganisa ukudiliva ezikhungweni ezinkulu zokugcwalisa i-e-commerce kanye nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezingu-3PL.
Sinikezela ngezinsizakalo eziguquguqukayo ze-FCL kanye ne-LCL yezimpahla zasolwandle kusuka e-China kuya emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni jikelele, ngokugxila okubalulekile emigwaqweni ephakathi kwe-China ne-US.

I-Toway Shipping ingakunikeza izingcaphuno ezicacile ezibonisa lonke uhambo lwempahla yakho ngoba iphatha futhi ihlela lezi zinyathelo zonke endaweni eyodwa. Uthola uzakwethu oyedwa esikhundleni sokuthi ubhekane nabahlinzeki abambalwa abahlukene abaxhumekile. Lo zakwethu angakwazi:

Ngamagama alula, chaza ukuthi yiziphi izindleko ezifakiwe nezingafakiwe.
Ikusiza ukuthi ukhethe ama-Incoterms angcono kakhulu nendlela yokuthumela yebhizinisi lakho
Bheka izigaba ezibalulekile ezifaka amaphepha, ukugcinwa kwempahla, kanye nesikhathi samahhala sembobo ukuze ugcine izindleko zesitoreji nezenhlawulo ziphansi.
Nikeza iseluleko sokuqala sezikhathi ezimatasa nezikhathi zobungozi obukhulu ukuze ungakhokhi imali eyengeziwe ngokuminyana kwethrafikhi noma ukugibela intengo ngomzuzu wokugcina.

Kubathengisi be-e-commerce nabangenisi abafuna ukukhulisa ukuthunyelwa kwabo kusuka e-China kuya e-US ngaphandle kokubhekana nezimali ezifihliwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukusebenza nomhlinzeki okhethekile ofana ne-Toway Shipping kungaguqula izinto ezisetshenziswayo zisuke ekuphathweni ikhanda njalo zibe ingxenye yebhizinisi elawulekayo, ebikezelwayo.

Isiphetho

Kunezindleko ezifihliwe zokuthutha olwandle kusuka e-China kuya e-US. Lezi zindleko azifihliwe ngempela; azichazwa kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi, zisabalele phakathi kwabalingisi abaningi, futhi zibangelwa izinto obungazilindele. Inkinga yangempela yabangenisa kwamanye amazwe akuzona izimali ezikhokhwayo ngokwabo, kodwa ukuntuleka kokulungiselela nokuvuleleka okubangela ukuba isabelomali sidlule kanye namamajini anciphe.

Ungase uqale ukuthola ukuthi izindleko ezifihliwe ngokuvamile zivela kuphi ngokwazi lonke uhambo lokuthunyelwa kwakho, kusukela ezinkokhelweni ezisuka e-China, ngokusebenzisa izinkokhelo ezingeziwe zolwandle, kuya ezinkokhelweni zalapho uya khona e-US. Uyazi ukuthi amaphepha okuthekelisa, ukuphathwa kwetheminali, ukuhlolwa kwezimpahla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-chassis, ukukhishwa kwe-demurrage, kanye nokuvalelwa konke kungenza ikhotheshini ephansi ibe yibhili yokugcina ephezulu kakhulu.

Ukuze ugweme noma wehlise izindleko ezifihliwe, udinga ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula:

Khetha ama-Incoterms akuvumela ukuthi ulawule izindleko zokuthutha ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ukuya kwenye ngenani elifanele.
Ungazethembi izinombolo “zozonke” ezingacacile; cela izingcaphuno eziphelele, ezibaluliwe esikhundleni salokho.
Yenza isikhathi sakho samahhala nemithetho yesitoreji ibe sobala ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela ukugunyazwa kwamasiko kanye nokuthunyelwa ngempumelelo.
Ukuqondanisa amaphepha nokuthobela kusenesikhathi kuzokusiza ugweme ukubambezeleka, izinhlawulo, nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Uma ukhetha phakathi kwe-LCL ne-FCL, bheka zonke izindleko zokufika, hhayi nje impahla eyisisekelo.
Thola uzakwethu wezokuthutha owazi okuningi mayelana nokuhweba phakathi kwe-China ne-US futhi usebenze nabo isikhathi eside.

Ngalawa macebiso, izinkokhelo ezifihliwe zisuka ezintweni ezingalindelekile ezithusayo zibe izingozi ezilawulekayo. Futhi uma uqasha inkampani yobungcweti efana ne-Toway Shipping ukuthi iphathe ezokuthutha zakho zomlenze wokuqala, ukuthutha olwandle, ukuvunyelwa kwempahla, indawo yokugcina impahla, kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina, uzokwazi ukubona nokulawula izindleko zakho zokuhamba.

Emhlabeni ophansi wezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-e-commerce ewela imingcele, abawinile akubona kuphela abathola impahla ephansi kakhulu; yibo futhi abaqonda ngempela futhi balawule izindleko zizonke zokuletha izimpahla zisuka kumkhiqizi ziye kuklayenti.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q: Yiziphi izinkokhiso ezifihlekile ezivame kakhulu e-China eziya e-USA ezithutha olwandle?
IMPENDULO: Izindleko ezicashile ezivame kakhulu ukuphatha izimali ezikhokhweni lapho kuvela khona nalapho kuyiwa khona, izimali ezikhokhwayo zokuthekelisa kanye namaphepha okungenisa ezweni, izimali zokudayisa ngokwezifiso, izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwe-chassis, ukuminyana kwechweba noma izimali ze-PierPass, kanye nezindleko zokugcinwa kwempahla njengokudilizwa kanye nokuvalelwa. Abathumeli abaningi futhi kufanele bakhokhe imali eyengeziwe kulo lonke ulwandle, njengezinto zokulungiswa kwendawo yokuhlala, izinkokhiso zesizini ephezulu, kanye nezindleko zokuminyana kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Uma lezi zintengo zingaboniswa ngokucacile kusicaphuni sokuqala, zibonakala “zifihliwe.”

Q: Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ikhwotheshini yami yempahla "yonke" ihlanganisa konke ngempela?
IMP: Ingcaphuno yangempela ehlanganisa konke kufanele isho ukuthi yimaphi amasevisi afakiwe (isibonelo, “FOB Shenzhen to Door Los Angeles”) futhi isho umsuka, ulwandle, nezinkokhelo zendawo okuyiwa kuzo ezifakiwe. Tshela umdluliseli wakho ukuthi ahlukanise ikhotheshini ezingxenyeni zayo eziyinhloko futhi akhombe noma yiziphi izindleko ezingafakiwe, njengezintela zempahla, izindleko zokuhlola ezingaba khona, noma isitoreji ngemva kwesikhathi samahhala. Uma ukucaphuna kunenombolo eyodwa kuphela nolimi olungacacile, kufanele ukuthathe njengokungaphelele futhi ucele ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Q: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-demurrage nokuvalelwa, futhi kungani kubiza kangaka?
IMP: I-Demurrage yizindleko okufanele uzikhokhe uma isiqukathi sakho sihlala esikhumulweni semikhumbi noma kutheminali isikhathi eside kunesikhathi osinikeziwe samahhala. Ukuvalelwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyimali okufanele uyikhokhe uma ugcina isiqukathi ngaphandle kwetheminali isikhathi eside kunesikhathi osinikeziwe ngaphambi kokusibuyisela. Isikhathi esiningi, zombili izindleko zikhokhiswa isiqukathi ngasinye nsuku zonke, futhi amanani akhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho ukukhishwa kwempahla ephumayo kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, imibhalo isuke ingakalungi, noma izinhlelo zamaloli zingahlelwanga kahle, zithola amanani entengo. Ukuze ugweme lezi zindleko, kubalulekile ukuhlela kusengaphambili futhi wazi ukuthi unesikhathi esingakanani sokuphumula.

Q: Ingabe ukusebenzisa i-LCL esikhundleni se-FCL kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko ezifihliwe?
A: I-LCL ingonga imali ekuthunyelweni okuncane kakhulu, kodwa ayihlali yehlisa izinkokhelo ezifihliwe. Eqinisweni, i-LCL ivamise ukuhlanganisa ukuphatha okungeziwe ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla zomsuka nendawo, izindleko zokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa, nezinye izinto zomugqa ezivela ezinhlangothini ezihlukene. Ngevolumu ethile, ukushintshela ku-FCL kungenza ama-invoyisi abe lula futhi acace kakhudlwana, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka zonke izindleko zokufika, ezihlanganisa zonke izinkokhelo zokuphatha nezendawo, hhayi nje amanani ajwayelekile e-LCL noma e-FCL.

Q: Ingabe umthumeli wempahla angangisiza ngigweme izivivinyo nezinhlawulo zeCustoms?
IMPENDULO: Akekho ongamisa ngokuphelele izivivinyo zentela yentela ngenxa yokuthi eziningi zazo azinangqondo noma zincike engcupheni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthumeli wempahla onekhono, angawehlisa kakhulu amathuba ezinkinga ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-ISF ifakwe ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele, ukuthi wonke amaphepha ahlelekile, nokuthi imikhiqizo ihlukaniswa ngokucacile. Bangakusiza futhi ukuthi uthole ukuthi yimiphi imithetho ethile esebenza emikhiqizweni yakho. Lokhu akuziqedi zonke izindleko zokuhlolwa, kodwa kwehlisa ithuba lokukhokha izinhlawulo, ukulinda isikhathi eside, noma kufanele uhlole futhi.

Q: Ingabe ama-Incoterms azithinta kanjani izindleko ezifihliwe zokuthunyelwa kwami?
IMP: I-Incoterms icacisa ukuthi ubani ophethe ukuthunyelwa nezinkokhelo esinyathelweni ngasinye sohambo. Isibonelo, nge-FOB, umphakeli wakho unesibopho sezindleko zokuthola izimpahla echwebeni, kodwa unesibopho sezindleko zokuzithumela ngomkhumbi ziwele ulwandle neziya endaweni yazo yokugcina. Ngaphansi kwe-CIF, umphakeli unakekela izimpahla zasolwandle kanye nomshwalense, kodwa kungase kudingeke ukhokhe imali eningi kumenzeli wakhe omqokile ukuze ufike lapho uya khona. Uma ungawakhethi kahle ama-Incoterms akho futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi asho ukuthini, ungathola ukuthi izinkokhiso nezibopho azikho lapho obucabanga ukuthi ziyoba khona. Lokhu kungaholela ezindlekweni ezifihliwe.

Q: Kungani kufanele ngisebenze nomdluliseli okhethekile wase-China–USA njengo-Topway Shipping esikhundleni sokukhetha ikhwowutheshini eshibhe kakhulu isikhathi ngasinye?
IMP: Umdluliseli okhethekile we-China–USA wazi okuningi mayelana ne-China ne-US, okuhlanganisa nendlela amachweba nempahla ethunyelwayo esebenza ngayo. Abavele bakuthengisele izinga eliphansi lolwandle; futhi zikusiza ukuthi uhlele uchungechunge oluphelele lwezokuthutha, kusukela emlenzeni wokuqala wezinqubo zokuthutha nezokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuya ekukhishweni kwempahla, ukugcinwa kwempahla, kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina. Ngale ndlela, ungase ugweme izindleko okungadingeki uzikhokhe futhi uphathe izimali okufanele uzikhokhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla kazakwenu othembekile wokuvuleleka, ukwethembeka, nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuvamile akukongela imali eningi kakhulu kunalokho obungayenza ngokubheka izinga eliphansi lesihloko esikhulu kunazo zonke ekuthunyelweni ngakunye.