Indlela iPiraeus Eyaba Ngayo Ichweba Lesi-5 Elikhulu Kunawo Wonke EYurophu Ngaphansi Kweminyaka Engu-15
Isingeniso
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, iPort of Piraeus yayiyichweba laseMedithera eliphakathi nendawo, libekwe endaweni yama-93 phakathi kwamachweba omhlaba wonke athwala izitsha, futhi imikhumbi yemikhumbi emikhulu emhlabeni yayingayinaki kakhulu. Iphatha ama-TEU angaba yizigidi ezi-5 ngonyaka manje, okwenza kube ngelinye lamachweba amahlanu amakhulu athwala izitsha e-European Union. Enye yezindaba zempumelelo yengqalasizinda ehlaba umxhwele emlandweni wanamuhla wezolwandle ushintsho olwenzeka phakathi neminyaka engaba ngu-15.
I-COSCO Shipping Corporation yaseShayina yiyona eyenze lokhu kwenzeka. Yaqala ukusebenzisa izikhumulo ezimbili zama-container ePiraeus ngo-2009-2010, yathenga isikhundla esikhulu kwiPiraeus Port Authority (PPA) ngo-2016, kwathi ngo-2021, yaba no-67% we-PPA. Ngemva kwalokho, kwaba nokutshalwa kwezimali okuningi engqalasizinda, ukuvuselelwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwamasu okwenza iPiraeus yaba yisango elibaluleke kakhulu empumalanga yeMedithera kanye nengxenye ebalulekile ye-Belt and Road Initiative yaseShayina (BRI).
Le ndatshana ichaza kahle ukuthi lokho kwenzeke kanjani, okuhlanganisa ukukhetha kokutshalwa kwezimali, izigigaba zokukhiqiza, izici zezwe, kanye nokuthi ukukhuphuka kukaPiraeus kusho ukuthini kubathengisi bezimpahla, izinkampani zezokuthutha, kanye nekusasa lendawo yaseYurophu yokubeka ama-container port.
Lapho uPiraeus Aqala Khona: Isisekelo Sangaphambi Kwe-COSCO
Ngaphambi kuka-2010, iPiraeus yayiwohloka kancane kancane. Ichweba lalingenzi kahle njengoba lalingenza ngenxa yezinkinga zomnotho zaseGrisi, ingqalasizinda yechweba elidala, kanye nokuntuleka kwesiqondiso esihlelekile. IPiraeus yayisendaweni lapho kuhlangana khona iYurophu, i-Asia, ne-Afrika, inokufinyelela emanzini ajulile ngokwemvelo futhi iseduze kakhulu nomzila weSuez Canal. Yayinazo zonke izinzuzo zendawo, kodwa yayingenawo umbono wemali noma wokuphatha ukuze izisebenzise.
Cishe ngo-2010, inani lama-TEU adlula echwebeni lalicishe libe yizigidi ezingu-1.5. Leli chweba lalibekwe endaweni yama-93 emhlabeni ngoba lalingakwazi ukuphatha imithwalo eminingi futhi lalingenazo izixhumanisi eziningi ze-intermodal. Ama-crane alo nawo ayemadala futhi kwakukhona izinkinga ngamayuniyoni ezenza kwaba nzima ukusebenza. Iningi lemithwalo eyayithunyelwa yizinkampani ezinkulu zokuthutha izimpahla zisuka e-Asia ziye eYurophu yadlula ezikhungweni zaseNyakatho Yurophu njengeRotterdam, i-Antwerp, neHamburg. Cishe babengakaze bame eMedithera ukuze bashayele ucingo oluhamba phambili.
Ngemva kwenkinga yezezimali yango-2008, uhulumeni waseGrisi wayengaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yezezimali futhi wayefuna izindlela zokwenza imali nokufaka imali kwamanye amazwe engqalasizinda yakhe. Ukuthengiswa kwePiraeus kwakuzoba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalelo cebo, futhi kwakuzoshintsha indlela amakhonteyina athuthwa ngayo eYurophu ngezindlela abantu abambalwa ababezilindele.
Ukutshalwa Kwezimali kwe-COSCO: Ukubheja Okuhlelekile Kwesimo Sezwe SaseMedithera
I-Piraeus Container Terminal SA, inkampani engaphansi kwe-COSCO Shipping, yayisebhizinisini kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2010. (PCT) yawina amabhidi amabili aphesheya kwezilwandle okusebenzisa i-Terminals II kanye ne-III ePiraeus. Lesi kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuthathweni okuphelele kwemisebenzi yechweba. I-COSCO yaqala ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa ama-quay akhona, yafaka ama-crane emikhumbi yesimanje esuka ogwini iye ogwini, futhi yakha i-Pier III. Lokhu kwandisa kokubili umthamo kanye nesivinini sokusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Isenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukuthenga isabelo esingu-51% kwiPiraeus Port Authority ngo-2016. I-COSCO yathenga lonke igunya lechweba, hhayi nje kuphela iziphesheli zamakhonteyina, ngama-euro angaba yizigidi ezingu-368.5. Isikhundla sobunikazi be-COSCO sakhula saya ku-67% ngo-2021, ngemuva kokuba ihlangabezane nezibopho zayo zokutshalwa kwezimali, ezazingaphezu kwama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-600.
Ukucabanga okunesu kwakusobala. IShayina yayisebenza ku-Belt and Road Initiative yayo, kanti iPiraeus yayinokuxhumana okusheshayo kolwandle kusukela ekukhiqizeni kwaseShayina kuya kumakhasimende aseYurophu. Kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezine isikhathi esincane kanye nophethiloli ukuthutha imithwalo evela emachwebeni aseShayina ukuya ePiraeus kunokuyiyisa eRotterdam noma eHamburg. IPiraeus yaba “ikhanda likadrako” ezinhlelweni zeShayina zokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwayo eYurophu.
| I-Milestone | Unyaka | Imininingwane |
| I-COSCO iwine isivumelwano sokuqala sokugcina | 2009-2010 | Ukuphathwa kwe-Terminals II kanye ne-III kuyaqala |
| Ukwakhiwa kwePier III kuqediwe | 2013 | Ukwengezwa okukhulu kwamandla |
| I-COSCO ithole u-51% we-PPA | 2016 | Ukulawula okugcwele kwegunya lembobo |
| Ukuphuma kwesitsha kufinyelela ku-3.7M TEU | 2018 | Ukukhula okukhulu kusuka ku-1.5M ngo-2010 |
| Isabelo se-COSCO sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-67% | 2021 | Ngemva kokugcwalisa izibopho zokutshalwa kwezimali |
| IPiraeus ifinyelela umthamo we-TEU ongu-6.2M | 2022 | Izinga lomhlaba wonke likhuphukela kwabangu-40 abaphezulu |
| I-Piraeus ifinyelela ku-~5.1M TEU throughput | 2023 | Ibekwe endaweni yesi-4 ku-EU |
| I-PPA iqopha imali engenayo engu-€230.9M | 2024 | Naphezu komthelela wenkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu |
Ukuguqulwa Kwengqalasizinda: Lokho Okwakhiwe yi-€600 Million
Ubukhulu bokusetshenziswa kwemali ye-COSCO ePiraeus kunzima ukubuqhathanisa. Kusukela ekufakweni kwama-crane kuya ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zedijithali kuya kuma-quay amasha ngokuphelele, ichweba lakhiwa kabusha kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle eminyakeni eyishumi nesigamu. Namuhla, iPiraeus inezindawo ezintathu zokugcina ama-container ezinomthamo ohlanganisiwe wonyaka odlula ama-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-7.5 - ukwanda okuphindwe kahlanu kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-COSCO.
I-Pier I, elawulwa yi-Piraeus Port Authority ngokuqondile, iphatha cishe ama-TEU ayizigidi eziyi-1.0–1.3 ngonyaka. Ama-Pier II kanye ne-III, aphethwe yi-PCT ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwe-COSCO, ehlangene anomthamo omenyezelwe wama-TEU ayizigidi eziyi-5.7. Ichweba okwamanje linendawo yokulala eminingi emanzini ajulile ekwazi ukuthwala imikhumbi yezitsha yangemva kwe-Panamax kanye nemikhumbi yezitsha enkulu kakhulu (ama-ULCV) edlula ama-TEU ayi-16,000, enobude be-quay obuphelele obucishe bube amamitha ayi-1,150 ezindaweni zokugcina izitsha zodwa.
Ngaphandle kwama-container, i-Piraeus isithuthuke yaba yindawo yokuthutha enezindlela eziningi. Isikhungo sezimoto singathwala izimoto ezingu-12,000 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isikhungo sezimpahla siphatha amathani afinyelela ezigidini ezingu-25 ngonyaka. Ichweba liphinde laba yisikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke semikhumbi yabagibeli eYurophu - igama elibonisa ukubaluleka kwalo njengokungena eziqhingini zaseGrisi - futhi linezindawo eziningi zesikhungo semikhumbi. Ama-crane okuthutha imikhumbi ukuya ogwini, izimoto eziqondiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo (ama-AGV), kanye nohlelo lokuphatha ama-container lwe-CATOS konke kumelela ukutshalwa kwezimali okwenze i-Piraeus yasebenza ngokuvumelana nezikhungo eziphezulu zaseNyakatho Yurophu.
| Isigaba Sengqalasizinda | Ngaphambi kwe-COSCO (~2009) | Amandla Amanje (2024) |
| Ukudluliswa kwesitsha | ~1.5M TEU/ngonyaka | ~4.8–5.1M TEU/ngonyaka |
| Umthamo Wesiphetho Sesitsha | ~1.5M TEU | 7.5–8.3M TEU |
| Izinga Lomhlaba Wonke Lechweba | 93rd | Eziyi-40 eziphezulu emhlabeni jikelele |
| Isikhundla Sechweba Lamakhonteyina e-EU | Ngaphandle kwe-top 10 | 5th (2024) |
| Umthamo Wesiphetho Semoto | Limited | Izimoto ze-12,000 |
| I-Cargo Terminal | Limited | Amathani angu-25M ngonyaka |
| Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Okuphelele kwe-COSCO | - | ~ €600 million |
Ukukhula Komkhiqizo: Izinombolo Zilandisa Indaba
Ukufinyelela kwe-container kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokutshela ukuthi ichweba lenza kahle kangakanani kwezentengiselwano, futhi ijika lokukhula likaPiraeus liyamangalisa nganoma iyiphi indlela yokulinganisa. Ngokusho kwedatha yePortEconomics, ukufinyelela kwe-experiment kukhuphuke kusuka kuma-TEU angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5 ngo-2010 kuya kuma-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-3.7 ngo-2018 kwabe sekugcina kukhuphukela kuma-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-6.2 ngo-2022, ukwanda okungu-284.7% kusukela ngo-2007.
Ngo-2023, iPiraeus yaphatha cishe ama-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-5.1, okwenza kwaba yichweba lesine elimatasa kakhulu e-EU, isikhundla salo esiphezulu kunawo wonke, ngaphambi kweValencia futhi ngemuva nje kweHamburg. Izinga lokukhula ngo-2% ngo-2022-2023 lalihlaba umxhwele ngoba lenzeka lapho amachweba amathathu aphezulu aseYurophu (iRotterdam, i-Antwerp-Bruges, neHamburg) wonke ebona ukwehla okungaphezu kuka-7%. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi iPiraeus inokuncintisana kangakanani, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngebhizinisi lokudlulisa impahla.
Umbono ka-2024 uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. IPiraeus ibone ukwehla ngo-8% kwevolumu ye-TEU, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu, eyanciphisa ukuhamba kweSuez Canal futhi yenza iMpumalanga Mediterranean yaba yilokho omunye umhlaziyi akubiza ngokuthi “indawo yokungena emanzini.” Njengoba izinkampani zokuthumela izimpahla zishintsha imizila yazo ezungeze iCape of Good Hope, inani lemikhumbi ePiraeus lehla. IValencia inyukele endaweni yesi-4 ohlwini lwe-EU, isunduzela iPiraeus endaweni yesi-5. Uhlu lwePortEconomics lubheka kuphela iPiers II ne-III eziqhutshwa yiCOSCO, ngakho-ke sonke isimo sinzima kakhulu. Uma ufaka ku-terminal yeziqukathi ze-PPA, inani langempela lePiraeus liphezulu kune-Algeciras, okuyiyona ephikisana nayo kakhulu ohlwini.
Ngisho noma kube nezinkinga ngobuningi, i-PPA ibe nemiphumela yezezimali ephula irekhodi ngo-2024. Imali engenayo yenkampani ikhuphuke ngo-5% kusukela ngo-2023 yaya ku-230.9 million euros. Imali engenayo ngaphambi kwentela ikhuphuke ngo-17.4% yaya ku-112.9 million euros. Inzuzo ngemva kwentela ikhuphuke ngo-30.8% yaya ku-87.4 million euros. Onyakeni wesine ilandelana, izimali zenkampani zaba ngcono. Lokhu kwakungenxa yebhizinisi elengeziwe elivela ezikhumulweni zezimoto (ekhuphuke ngo-28.2%), ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ogwini, kanye nemisebenzi yohambo ngemikhumbi.
IPiraeus njengesikhungo sokuthutha: Isango, Hhayi Indawo Okuyiwa Kuyo Nje
Into ebalulekile abantu abavame ukuyikhumbula uma bebheka iPiraeus ngaphandle ukuthi akuyona nje indlela yokungenisa/ukuthumela impahla, kodwa futhi yindawo yokudlulisela impahla. Iningi lama-container adlula ku-Piers II no-III ze-COSCO ayathunyelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi afika ngemikhumbi emikhulu evela e-Asia bese ethunyelwa emikhunjini emincane eya emachwebeni aseBlack Sea, emachwebeni ase-Adriatic, ezimakethe zaseMpumalanga Yurophu, kanye nasezichwebeni zaseNyakatho Afrika.
I-COSCO yaqala ukudonswa yiPiraeus ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokuthutha ngemikhumbi. Ivumela imikhumbi emikhulu ukuthi ime kanye kuphela eMedithera, ePiraeus, esikhundleni sokuma okuningana, okusindisa uphethiloli nesikhathi ohambweni. Amanethiwekhi okuhambisa impahla abese ethutha imithwalo ngokushesha ezimakethe zesibili. I-Piraeus iyichweba eliyinhloko lezindawo ezifana neTurkey, iRomania, iBulgaria, i-Ukraine (ngaphambi kwempi), iGibhithe, i-Israyeli, kanye nayo yonke indawo yesifunda saseLevant.
Izixhumanisi zesitimela eziningi zenze kwaba lula ukuthi ichweba lixhumane nezimakethe ezingaphakathi kweYurophu. Umzila wezimpahla waseBalkans kanye nokuxhumana neYurophu Ephakathi kwenza iPiraeus ibe ngumncintiswano hhayi nje njengendawo yokudlulisela imikhumbi eMedithera kodwa futhi njengendlela ehlukile yokungena kubathengi baseNingizimu-mpumalanga naseYurophu Ephakathi. Lokhu kuyinselele eqondile ekubuseni kwamachweba aseNyakatho Yurophu ayevame ukuphatha ukugeleza kwempahla.
Ubukhulu be-Geopolitical: Izinkinga ze-BRI, i-NATO, kanye ne-Washington
IPiraeus ayikho esimweni sezepolitiki. Ushintsho lwechweba yinkampani kahulumeni waseShayina ezweni eliyilungu le-NATO lubangele izinkinga eziningi nezikhulu zaseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi eWashington. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kulula: I-COSCO iyinkampani kahulumeni waseShayina, ngakho-ke iQembu LamaKhomanisi LaseShayina lilawula phezu kwayo. Lokhu kungenza abalingani be-NATO babe sengozini maqondana nokufinyelela kwezobunhloli, izindawo zokucindezela izinto, noma amandla ezombusazwe.
I-United States yafaka i-COSCO ohlwini lwayo olumnyama ngo-2025 ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphepha kwezwe. Lokhu kwenza ubudlelwano be-US-Greece kanye ne-US-China baba nzima kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. IGrisi ibilokhu iqaphela kakhulu ngezingxoxo zayo, isebenzisa ubudlelwano bayo neShayina ukuletha imisebenzi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ngenkathi igcina izithembiso zayo kumalungu e-NATO kanye ne-EU. Uhulumeni waseGrisi usenawo u-7.1% we-PPA, kanti i-free float ingu-25%. I-PPA ibilokhu ithengiswa kwi-Athens Stock Exchange kusukela ngo-2003.
Isici sezombusazwe singaphezu nje komsindo wangemuva wamabhizinisi. Senza ukufinyelela echwebeni kungabi nasiqiniseko, kuphakamisa amathuba okujeziswa, futhi kwenza ukuphepha kwesivumelwano sesikhathi eside kungabi nasiqiniseko. Isivumelwano se-COSCO sihlala kuze kube ngu-2052, okusho ukuthi singasebenza iminyaka engama-30. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwano obushintshayo phakathi kwe-US ne-China bungashintsha ukuma kwezepolitiki kwechweba ngezindlela ezithinta indlela abathumeli bezimpahla abavela kwamanye amazwe abahambisa ngayo izimpahla zabo.
Okushiwo yiPiraeus Ngabathumeli Abasuka EShayina Baya EYurophu
I-Piraeus isibe yindlela ebalulekile yokuthutha izimpahla emabhizinisini athutha izimpahla esuka eShayina ziye ezimakethe zaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, eBalkans, naseMpumalanga yeMedithera. Uma kuqhathaniswa namachweba aseNyakatho yeYurophu, inzuzo yesikhathi sokuthutha ingaba izinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu. Lokhu kusho izindleko zokuphatha impahla ezishibhile, imijikelezo yokugcwaliswa kabusha okusheshayo, kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka olusabela kakhudlwana.
Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe nazo zimise izikhungo zokusabalalisa eduze kwechweba njengoba kulula ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokuhweba nge-e-commerce ezikhulayo kanye nezikhungo zokusabalalisa eGrisi nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ngemva kokutshala imali kwe-COSCO, i-HP yavula indawo yokusabalalisa eGrisi. Ngo-2013, i-Huawei yamemezela izinhloso ezifanayo ezingazange zenzeke kwaze kwaba ngu-2024. Lokhu kwenza i-Piraeus yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yezintambo zokuhlinzeka zomhlaba wonke zama-tech titans, okwaqinisa kakhulu ukubaluleka kwechweba.
IPiraeus ayiseyona nje inketho yezinkampani zezokuthutha ezisebenza emzileni weChina-Europe. Isibe yindlela ekhethwayo yokuthutha izimpahla ngezinhlobo ezithile, ikakhulukazi izimpahla ezikhiqizwe ngesikhathi, izinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa ngabathengi, izingxenye zezimoto, kanye nezimpahla ezithengiswayo eziya emakethe yaseNingizimu neMpumalanga Yurophu.
Ukugqama: Ukuhambahamba E-China-Europe Logistics Ngokuthumela Nge-Topway
“I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics ezivela emingceleni kusukela ngo-2010. Njengoba amachweba afana nePiraeus eshintsha indlela imithwalo ehamba ngayo phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu, kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ukuba nomlingani wezokuthutha onolwazi oluningi.”
Ukuvela kwePiraeus njengesango eliyinhloko eliya eMedithera kwenze izinto zaba lula futhi zaba nzima kubathumeli bangaphandle eShayina. Izinketho zomzila ezazivame ukuya emachwebeni aseNyakatho Yurophu manje zidinga ukubhekisiswa okuningiliziwe ngezikhathi zokuhamba, ukuxhumana kwe-feeder, ukuthi ukusulwa kwempahla kwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani, kanye namathuba okulethwa kwemayela lokugcina ezimakethe eziningi eziqondiwe.
Abantu abaqale i-Topway Shipping baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni kwezokuthutha kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla zamasiko, begxile kakhulu eShayina kanye nase-US. Ezokuthutha zingenye yezinsizakalo zabo, kodwa futhi bakhonza amachweba amakhulu emhlabeni wonke, njengePiraeus kanye nezinye izindlela ezibalulekile zaseYurophu. Bangakwazi ukuphatha konke ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezivela ezimbonini zaseShayina kuya ezindaweni zokugcina impahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ukususwa kwezimpahla zamasiko, kanye nokulethwa kwezimpahla okuhamba ibanga elide. Kwabathumeli ababheka umzila wePiraeus, lolu hlobo lwekhono lenkonzo elihlanganisiwe, elihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge kusukela esangweni lefektri eShenzhen noma eGuangzhou kuya eshalofini lempahla e-Athens noma eBelgrade, yilokho kanye okwenza inzuzo yetheku ibe yithuba langempela lebhizinisi.
I-Topway Shipping inezinsizakalo zokuthutha olwandle eziguquguqukayo ezithwala umthwalo ogcwele (i-FCL) kanye nomthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL). Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathengisi abakhulu kanye nabathengisi be-e-commerce abancane bangathola amadili amahle ekuthuthweni. Njengoba umzila waseMedithera ususa ibhizinisi eliningi emzileni we-China-Europe, ukubambisana nabalingani bezokuthutha abaziyo ukuthi ichweba lisebenza kanjani nokuthi amasiko asebenza kanjani endaweni kungakunikeza inzuzo yangempela ngaphezu kwabancintisana nabo.
Indawo Yokuncintisana: Lapho UPiraeus Emi Khona Namuhla
Ngo-2024, iRotterdam ne-Antwerp-Bruges zazisese phezulu ohlwini lwezindawo zokungenisa izitsha zaseYurophu. Umkhawulo phakathi kwazo wawungaphansi kwama-TEU angu-300,000, okuncane kakhulu kunawo wonke. IHamburg yalandela, yalandelwa yiValencia nePiraeus, ababehwebelana ngezindawo kuye ngokuthi amavolumu abalwa kanjani. I-Algeciras manje isiseduze ngokwanele nePiraeus ukuyifinyelela, ikakhulukazi njengoba iTanger Med (eyayiphatha ama-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-10.24 ngo-2024, ukwanda okungu-18.8% kunonyaka odlule) ishintsha ukugeleza kwezimpahla eNtshonalanga yeMedithera.
Isimo sokuncintisana sesikhathi esimaphakathi sikaPiraeus sincike kakhulu ezintweni ezimbili: indlela isimo soLwandle Olubomvu esixazululwa ngayo kanye nendlela ibhizinisi elisemzileni weSuez Canal elibuyiselwa ngayo, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwe-COSCO ekukhuliseni amandla kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana. Ichweba lifuna ukuba likhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu, okusho ukuthi ukukhula kwe-TEU kuzodingeka kube ngamanani aphindwe kabili iminyaka eminingana. Okwamanje, leso sifiso sisalokhu siyiphupho nje, kodwa ipulatifomu yengqalasizinda ye-COSCO iyenza ibe umgomo wesikhathi eside ongokoqobo esikhundleni sesifiso nje.
| Ichweba Lezitsha ze-EU | Umqulu we-TEU ka-2024 (cishe) | Ushintsho Lonyaka Nonyaka | Izinga (2024) |
| Rotterdam | ~14.8M TEU | + 4.1% | 1st |
| I-Antwerp-Bruges | ~14.5M TEU | + 8.1% | 2nd |
| Hamburg | ~8.3M TEU | + 4.5% | 3rd |
| Valencia | ~5.8M TEU | +Izinombolo ezilodwa eziphezulu | 4th |
| IPiraeus (Piers II & III) | ~4.8M TEU | -7.8% | 5th |
| Ama-Algeciras | ~4.7M TEU | ~Isicaba | 6th |
| Gioia Tauro | ~4.0M TEU | +Izinombolo ezimbili | 7th |
Umthombo: PortEconomics.eu, 2025. Qaphela: Izibalo zePiraeus zibonisa iPiers II & III eqhutshwa yiCOSCO kuphela; amavolumu agcwele echwebeni afaka phakathi i-terminal ye-PPA aphezulu.
Indlela Engaphambili: Izinhlelo Zokukhulisa kanye Nezinto Eziza Kuqala Ezinhlosweni
Ngisho noma inani lezimoto ePiraeus Port Authority lehlile ngo-2024, izifiso zabo zokutshala imali zisenkulu. Ichweba liyaqhubeka nezinyathelo zokwandisa izindawo zalo zokugcina izimpahla, ukuthuthukisa izixhumanisi zalo zezitimela eziphakathi, nokukhulisa imisebenzi yalo yohambo lwemikhumbi kanye neyezimoto njengemithombo emisha yemali engenayo. I-COSCO ishilo esidlangalaleni ukuthi ifuna ukwenza iPiraeus ibe yichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Ukuze yenze lokhu, kuzodingeka inqobe iHamburg bese kuba yiBenelux heavyweights.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kuya ngokuya kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Izinhlelo zomphakathi wechweba, izinqubo zokubhala ezisekelwe ku-blockchain, kanye nokuqapha amakhonteyina okusebenza ne-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT) konke kuluhlu lwezinto okufanele usebenze kuzo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubalulekile hhayi nje ekwenzeni imisebenzi isebenze kahle, kodwa futhi nokwenza ichweba likhanga kakhulu emigqeni yokuthumela yomhlaba wonke ebheka izingcingo zechweba kumzila omkhulu we-Asia-Europe.
Kukhona nohlangothi lwezemvelo oluba lubaluleke kakhulu. Amachweba aseYurophu angaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yokufuna ukusebenzisa ugesi oluhlaza ngokufaka ugesi ogwini, izikhungo zokubeka i-LNG bunkers, amaphrojekthi okuhlola i-hydrogen, kanye nemizila yokuthumela izimpahla eluhlaza. Amandla ePiraeus okuheha isizukulwane esilandelayo semikhumbi ekhipha ugesi ophansi kakhulu azosisiza ukuthi sihlale sincintisana lapho imboni yezolwandle ishintsha ngawo-2030.
Isiphetho
IPiraeus isuke ekubeni yichweba laseMedithera elihamba phambili lama-93 yaya ekubeni yisikhungo sama-container sesihlanu ngobukhulu eYurophu esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi imali, uhlelo olucacile, kanye nendawo enhle kungasebenzisana kanjani ukushintsha ukuhamba kokuhweba emhlabeni wonke. Ithisisi yokutshalwa kwezimali ye-COSCO engama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-600 yayiwukubheja ngokuyisisekelo endaweni yaseMedithera. Lokhu kubheja kube nemiphumela emihle, yize ukungezwani kwezepolitiki kanye nesimo soLwandle Olubomvu kwenze izinto zangazinzile.
Kwabathumeli, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele bayikhumbule ukuthi iPiraeus manje isiyindlela yangempela, exhaswe kahle, futhi enamandla okudlulisa izimpahla phakathi kwe-Asia neNingizimu/i-Eastern Europe. Kukhona ukonga okukhulu kwezinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu ngesikhathi sokuhamba uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izikhumulo eNyakatho Yurophu. Inethiwekhi yokondla yechweba ihlanganisa lonke iMpumalanga Mediterranean kanye noLwandle Olumnyama. Ukwehla kokusetshenziswa ngo-2024 kwakubangelwa kakhulu yizici zangaphandle, njengokuphazamiseka koLwandle Olubomvu, hhayi ngoba ichweba lalibuthakathaka ngokwesakhiwo. Njengoba umzila weSuez Canal ubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile, okunye kwalokhu kwehla kungenzeka kuguqulwe.
Amandla kaPiraeus okuncintisana neRotterdam kanye ne-Antwerp ngezindawo eziphezulu ezikhundleni zamachweba aseYurophu azoncika ekutshalweni kwezimali okuqhubekayo, ukuzinza kwezepolitiki, kanye nokuthi lelichweba lingawuguqula kanjani umthamo walo wokudluliselwa kwezimpahla libe ukuxhumana okuqinile kwezindlela eziningi. Kusobala ukuthi lelichweba lishintshe unomphela isikhungo sokudonsa kwamandla okuthutha amakhonteyina aseYurophu. Lolu shintsho luzothinta isu lochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Kungani i-COSCO yakhetha iPiraeus kunezinye izikhumulo zemikhumbi zaseMedithera?
A: IPiraeus yayiyindlela esheshayo yokuthi imikhumbi evela emachwebeni aseMpumalanga Asia ifinyelele amakhasimende aseYurophu ngeSuez Canal. Yanciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba cishe ngezinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu uma kuqhathaniswa namachweba aseNyakatho Yurophu. Izinhlelo ze-COSCO zokuthutha zaseYurophu ngaphansi kweBelt and Road Initiative zanakekelwa kangcono yichweba lemvelo laseGrisi elinamanzi ajulile, ukuntuleka kwalo kwentuthuko (okusho ukuthi kunendawo yokukhula), kanye nokulungela kwalo ukwenza kube ngasese ngesikhathi senkinga yezezimali.
Q: Ingabe uPiraeus usesesikhundleni sesi-5 eYurophu ngo-2025?
A: Ngokusho kwedatha ye-PortEconomics yango-2024, i-Piraeus iyichweba lesihlanu elimatasa kakhulu e-EU lokuhamba kweziqukathi ezikhungweni zalo eziqhutshwa yi-COSCO. Uma ubala inani lechweba lilonke, okuhlanganisa ne-terminal ye-PPA, izinga eliphumelelayo lingaba likhulu. Inkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu ikhiqize ukwehla kwesikhashana okungu-7.8% ngo-2024, kuyilapho ukuthambekela kwesikhathi eside kwechweba kusakhula.
Q: Inkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu iyithinta kanjani indlela yokuthutha impahla edlula ePiraeus?
A: Ngenxa yenkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu, izinkampani eziningana zokuthutha izimpahla kwadingeka zishintshe imizila yazo ukuze zizungeze iCape of Good Hope yase-Afrika esikhundleni sokusebenzisa iSuez Canal. Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi imikhumbi embalwa emikhulu yase-Asia-Europe ime ePiraeus ukuze idlulise izimpahla, yingakho inani lezimpahla lehla ngo-2024. Ukubuyisela umzila weSuez Canal kuzosiza ngokushesha inani lokudluliselwa kwezimpahla elidlula ePiraeus.
U: Iyini isabelo sobunikazi se-COSCO ku-Piraeus Port Authority?
A: I-COSCO Shipping inamaphesenti angama-67 e-Piraeus Port Authority SA (PPA), eyathengwa kancane kancane, iqala ngo-51% ngo-2016 futhi yakhula yaya ku-67% ngo-2021 ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokutshalwa kwezimali. Uhulumeni waseGrisi unama-7.1% enkampani, kanti ama-25% athengiswa kwi-Athens Stock Exchange.
Q: Ingabe amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo angafinyelela umzila wePiraeus wokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla phakathi kweShayina neYurophu?
A: Yebo. Izinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa i-LCL kanye nezinkampani zokuthutha izimpahla ezifana ne-Topway Shipping zenza izimpahla ezihamba nge-Piraeus zitholakale ukuze zinciphise inani lempahla, yize abathengisi abakhulu be-FCL bengaqhubeka ngqo echwebeni. Izinsizakalo ze-LCL zihlanganisa izimpahla ezincane ezivela kubathumeli baseShayina zibe yimithwalo egcwele yama-container. Lokhu kusabalalisa izindleko ngendlela efanele futhi kunikeza izinkampani zabo bonke osayizi ukufinyelela ezinzuzweni ze-Piraeus zendawo nezesikhathi.
