Indlela Isitimela saseYiwu-Madrid Esishintsha Ngayo Ukuhweba Phakathi KweShayina NeSpain
Isingeniso
Isitimela sezimpahla sasuka eSiteshini Sesitimela saseYiwu West eSifundazweni saseZhejiang, eShayina, ngoNovemba 18, 2014. Sasithwele amakhonteyina ajwayelekile angu-82 ezimpahla ezincane siya eMadrid, eSpain. Bambalwa abantu ababengaqagela ukuthi lokhu kuhamba okuncane kuzoba ngenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zezokuthutha zekhulu lama-21. Isitimela saseYiwu-Madrid, esaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iYixin'ou (YXE), sesihambe uhambo olungaphezu kuka-1,800 lokuya nokubuya, sathwala amakhonteyina ezimpahla angu-145,500, futhi saletha inani lempahla elingaphezu kuka-$8 billion kulo mzila kuphela.
Idlula amakhilomitha angu-13,052 emazweni ayisishiyagalombili — iShayina, iKazakhstan, iRussia, iBelarus, iPoland, iJalimane, iFrance, neSpain — lesi yisitimela sempahla eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Akuyona nje indlela yokuhambahamba. Siyithuluzi eliphilayo lezokuxhumana kwezohwebo, ukuhlukahluka kweketanga lokuhlinzeka, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho phakathi komnotho wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni kanye nenye yezimakethe ezishintshashintshayo eYurophu. Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ukuthi ithwala ini, nokuthi isho ukuthini emabhizinisini kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani osebenza kwezentengiselwano eziwela imingcele.
Indlela Ngamafuphi: I-Geography kanye Nemisebenzi
Isitimela sisuka e-Yiwu, idolobha elisezingeni lesifunda eSifundazweni saseZhejiang eliyikhaya lemakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yezimpahla ezincane. Ngemva kwalokho, siya enyakatho-ntshonalanga sidlule emngceleni we-Alataw Pass eXinjiang bese singena eKazakhstan. Ukusuka lapho, sidlula eRussia, eBelarus, ePoland, eJalimane naseFrance ngaphambi kokungena eSpain bese sifika esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-Abronigal eMadrid. Uhambo lungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-13,000 ubude futhi luthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-16 kuya kwezingu-18, kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka kanye nezinqubo zomngcele. Lesi cishe yisigamu sesikhathi esasisetshenziswa ukuthumela izimpahla e-Ningbo, bese kuba se-Valencia ngolwandle, bese ekugcineni siya eMadrid ngomgwaqo noma ngesitimela, okwathatha izinsuku ezingu-35 kuya kwezingu-40.
Enye yezinkinga zezokuthutha ngalo mugqa ukushintsha igeyiji. I-China, iPoland, kanye neNtshonalanga Yurophu zisebenzisa igeyiji ejwayelekile (1,435 mm), kuyilapho iKazakhstan, iRussia, neBelarus zisebenzisa igeyiji ebanzi yaseRussia (1,520 mm), kanti iSpain ngokomlando isebenzisa igeyiji ebanzi nakakhulu yase-Iberia (1,668 mm), yize ingqalasizinda yesivinini esikhulu kanye nempahla iye yalinganiswa kancane kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezindaweni ezibalulekile zokuwela imingcele, amabhokisi kufanele athuthelwe ezindaweni ezahlukene zokubhukuda. Le nqubo iye yaba lula kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, kodwa isathatha isikhathi eside kunemizila yegeyiji eyodwa.
Imisebenzi yezitimela iphathwa ngokuyinhloko yi-Yiwu Tianmeng Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. futhi ihambisana ne-China Railway Shanghai Group. Kusukela ngo-2024, i-YXE isebenza uhambo olungaphezu kuka-1,100 lokuya nokubuya minyaka yonke kuyo yonke imizila yayo, kusukela ku-23 kuphela ngo-2014. Umzila othize waseMadrid manje usebenza izikhathi eziningi ngesonto, futhi kusukela kunethiwekhi yezimpahla ye-Yiwu phakathi kwe-China ne-Europe, imizila yamagatsha angu-18 ixhuma emadolobheni angaphezu kuka-160 emazweni nasezifundeni ezingu-50 e-Eurasia.
Izibalo Zomzila Oyinhloko
| Ipharamitha | Yekuchumana |
| Ubude bebanga | 13,052 km (umzila wesitimela sempahla omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni) |
| Amazwe Adabuliwe | IShayina, iKazakhstan, iRussia, iBelarus, iPoland, iJalimane, iFrance, iSpain |
| Isikhathi Sokuthutha | 16-18 izinsuku (vs. 35-40 izinsuku olwandle) |
| Uhambo Lwaminyaka Yonke (2024) | 1,100+ (inethiwekhi ye-Yiwu-Europe); uhambo oluya nokubuya oluyi-1,800 e-Yiwu-Madrid selokhu lwaqalwa |
| Iziqukathi Ezithuthiwe (isiyonke) | Ama-TEU angaphezu kuka-670,000 avela e-Yiwu (zonke izindlela); Ama-TEU angu-145,500 asemgwaqweni waseMadrid |
| Inani Lempahla Elihlanganisiwe (Umzila waseMadrid) | Ngaphezulu kwamaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-8 zamaRandi kusukela ngo-2014 |
| Imvamisa Yonyaka Ekuqalisweni (2014) | Izitimela eziyi-23 ngonyaka |
| Amadolobha Axhunyiwe (inethiwekhi ye-YXE) | Amadolobha angaphezu kuka-160 emazweni angaphezu kuka-50 |
Okusesitimeleni: Iphrofayili Yomthwalo Eshintshayo
Ngesikhathi isitimela sokuqala saseYiwu-Madrid sihamba ngo-2014, sasiphethe kakhulu izinto ezincane ezishibhile njengamasokisi, amathoyizi, imihlobiso kaKhisimusi, izindwangu, nezinto zasekhaya zepulasitiki. Lezi yizinhlobo zezinto ezivamile ezenza i-Yiwu yaduma. Lokho kuseyingxenye yengxubevange, kodwa iphrofayili yempahla iye yathuthukiswa ngokumangalisayo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngo-2024, inani lezinhlobo zezimpahla ezingathunyelwa lase likhule lisuka ku-10,000 laya ku-50,000, futhi inani lezimpahla ezithunyelwa minyaka yonke lase likhuphuke lisuka ku-$92 million laya ku-$2.62 billion.
Namuhla, izitimela ezivela e-Yiwu ziye entshonalanga zithwala izinto eziningi ezahlukene, njengezingxenye zezimoto, amagajethi ahlakaniphile ekhaya, amaphaneli elanga, izimoto zikagesi, imishini nemishini, kanye nefenisha nezinto zokwakha eziningi kakhulu. Lezi akuzona izinto ezincane ezishibhile abantu abazicabangayo; ziyimiphumela yokukhiqiza okuthuthukile kweShayina, okuncintisana ngekhwalithi kanye nentengo ezimakethe zaseYurophu. Isitimela esiya empumalanga sisuka eMadrid sesibe yindlela eqinile yezimpahla zaseSpain nezaseYurophu ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokungena emakethe yabathengi ekhula ngokushesha yaseShayina.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithwalo Ngokwesiqondiso
| isiqondiso | Izigaba Zomkhiqizo Obalulekile | Imininingwane Ephawulekayo |
| Ibheke entshonalanga (eShayina → eSpain/eYurophu) | Ama-elekthronikhi nezingxenye zezimoto | Izinto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile, izingxenye ze-EV, amaphaneli elanga |
| Ibheke entshonalanga (eShayina → eSpain/eYurophu) | Izimpahla zabathengi | Izindwangu, amathoyizi, ifenisha, imihlobiso kaKhisimusi |
| Ibheke entshonalanga (eShayina → eSpain/eYurophu) | Izimpahla zezimboni | Imishini, imishini, izinto zokwakha |
| Ukuya empumalanga (eSpain/eYurophu → eShayina) | Ukudla neziphuzo | Amabhodlela ewayini elibomvu ayizigidi eziyi-1.5 ngonyaka; amafutha omnqumo, i-ham yase-Iberia |
| Ukuya empumalanga (eSpain/eYurophu → eShayina) | Ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu kanye nezimonyo | Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba, amakha, imikhiqizo yezempilo |
| Ukuya empumalanga (eSpain/eYurophu → eShayina) | Izimpahla ezikhethekile | Amanzi amaminerali, amabhisikidi, iziphuzo ezibandayo, izinto zasekhishini |
Ushintsho ekuhlanganisweni kwempahla lubalulekile ngoba lubonisa ushintsho esakhiweni sobudlelwano bezentengiselwano phakathi kwala mazwe amabili. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eSpain eShayina kushintshe kakhulu. Umhwebi e-Yiwu International Trade Market obelokhu eletha iwayini laseSpain namafutha omnqumo iminyaka eminingi uthe uhla lwezimpahla zaseSpain ezitholakala e-Yiwu lukhule kakhulu futhi izindleko zehle ngaphezu kuka-30% uma kuqhathaniswa impahla yasolwandle amanani ngaphambi kwesikhathi sesitimela. Uhlelo lokulethwa olusheshayo nolubikezelayo luphinde lusho imikhiqizo yokudla emisha kanye nokushintshana kwemali okusheshayo kwabangenisi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Umthelela Wezohwebo: Ngezinombolo
Idatha yezohwebo iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda izinguquko zomnotho ezibangelwe yisixhumanisi sesitimela sase-Yiwu-Madrid. Lapho insizakalo iqala ngo-2014, i-Yiwu neSpain bahweba ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezibiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-400 minyaka yonke. Ngo-2022, lelo nani lase likhule laya ku-$870 million - ukwanda ngo-118% eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhwebelana kweShayina neSpain iyonke kwaqina, futhi ukuxhumana kwesitimela kwakuyisibonakaliso salokho kukhula kanye nendlela yokwenza kwenzeke.
Ezigabeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2024, inani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwe-Yiwu lifinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-58.79 (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-8.05), okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka kwama-20.3%, ngokusho kwedatha ye-General Administration of Customs. Inethiwekhi yezitimela zempahla phakathi kweShayina neYurophu yenze uhambo olungaphezu kuka-19,000 ngo-2024, yahambisa ama-TEU angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.9. Inethiwekhi ye-Yiwu yengeze ama-TEU angaphezu kwama-98,000 ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisishiyagalombili zika-2023 kuphela, okuwukwenyuka okungu-12.5% kusukela ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
Isikhathi Sokukhula Kwezohwebo: Yiwu-Spain
| Unyaka | Inani Lokuhweba Lamazwe Ngamazwe | Uhambo Lwesitimela Lwaminyaka Yonke (Yiwu-Europe) | Inani Lempahla (Inethiwekhi ye-Yiwu–Europe) |
| 2014 | $ 400 million | 23 | $ 92 million |
| 2018 | ~ $600 million (kulinganiselwa) | ~400+ | ~ $800 million (kulinganiselwa) |
| 2022 | $ 870 million | 1,000 + | ~ $1.8 billion (kulinganiselwa) |
| 2024 | Ukukhulisa (idatha yamasiko) | 1,100 + | $ 2.62 billion |
Isitimela sishintshe nendlela okwenziwa ngayo ibhizinisi eShayina, hhayi nje inani lokuhweba. Manje kunezitolo zaseShayina ezingaphezu kuka-18,000 eSpain, kanti imikhiqizo yazo engaphezu kuka-60% itholakala e-Yiwu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okujulile kusho ukuthi isitimela asigcini nje ngokuthutha imithwalo - sisekela yonke indawo yamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi ancike ekuthembekeni nasekusebenziseni kahle izindleko. umzila wesitimela ukugcina izintambo zabo zokuphakelwa.
Isitimela vs. Ulwandle vs. Umoya: Ukuqonda Ukuhwebelana
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele abathumeli bazicabangele lapho bekhetha umzila we-Yiwu-Madrid ukuthi uhambisana kanjani nezinye izindlela zokuthutha izimpahla emhlabeni jikelele. Impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi incike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwempahla, ukuthi idinga ukulethwa ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi ibiza malini.
Ukuthutha ngomkhumbi kusuka eShayina kuya eSpain kuseyindlela evame kakhulu yokuthumela izinto, ikakhulukazi ngoba kubiza kancane ngeyunithi ngayinye futhi kungathwala imithwalo eminingi. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25 kuya kwezingama-35 ukuthi isitsha sisuke eNingbo noma eShanghai siye eValencia, kuye ngokuthi amachweba amatasa kangakanani nokuthi isikhathi sonyaka singakanani. Izimpahla zomoya Ingathwala imikhiqizo ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-7, yize ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu kunesitimela ngokuphindwe kane kuya kweziyisithupha. Isitimela siyindlela enhle ngoba sithatha cishe ingxenye yesikhathi sokuthutha ngolwandle, sibiza kancane kakhulu kunesitimela, futhi cishe asibambezeleki ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi noma ukuminyana kwechweba, okuye kwabangela izinkinga emizileni yasolwandle esikhathini esidlule.
Ukuqhathanisa Imodi: Impahla Yokuthutha YaseShayina-Spain
| Mode | Isikhathi Sokuthutha | Izindleko Ezihlobene | Ukuthembeka | I-Carbon Footprint | Okuhle kakhulu |
| Isitimela (Yiwu–Madrid) | Izinsuku eziyi-16-18 | Medium | Okuphezulu (amashejuli angashintshi) | Okuphakathi nendawo | Izimpahla ezinenani eliphakathi, ezingaboliyo ezithinteka yisikhathi |
| Ukuhamba Ulwandle | Izinsuku eziyi-30-40 | ongaphakeme | Okumaphakathi (ingozi yesimo sezulu/ingozi yechweba) | ongaphakeme | Izimpahla ezinkulu, ezisindayo, ezinenani eliphansi |
| I-Air Freight | Izinsuku eziyi-5-7 | Phezulu kakhulu | Phezulu kakhulu | Phezulu kakhulu | Ukuthunyelwa kwenani eliphezulu, okuphuthumayo |
Isitimela singcono futhi emvelweni ngezinye izindlela. UNgqongqoshe Wezolimo, Ezokudoba Nokudla waseSpain uLuis Planas waphawula engxoxweni ka-2024 ukuthi ingqalasizinda yesitimela ye-Belt and Road Initiative 'iyisinyathelo esihle kakhulu ngokombono wezokuthutha' futhi wayincoma njengenobungani nemvelo kunezokuthutha zasemanzini nasemoyeni maqondana nokukhishwa kwegesi ngekhilomitha ngalinye. Njengoba izidingo ze-ESG ziqina kuzo zonke iziteshi zokuphakelwa zaseYurophu, lesi sici sizoba sibaluleke kakhulu kubangenisi nabathumeli abaqaphela ukuthobela imithetho.
I-Geopolitics kanye Nokuqina Komzila
Ayikho indlela enkulu yezentengiselwano endaweni engenazo izikhundla zezepolitiki, futhi indlela ye-Yiwu-Madrid ayihlukile. Selokhu ingxabano ye-Russia-Ukraine yanda ngo-2022, kuye kwavela ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusebenza kahle komzila wesitimela osenyakatho odlula endaweni yaseRussia naseBelarus. Izinkampani eziningana zempahla ezisebenza phakathi kweShayina neYurophu zibheke eminye imizila, njenge-Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Middle Corridor. Lo mzila udlula eKazakhstan, e-Azerbaijan, eGeorgia, naseTurkey esikhundleni seRussia.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umzila we-Yiwu-Madrid ubonise amandla amakhulu. Ochwepheshe bezokuthutha kanye nochwepheshe bezokuthutha baveze ukuthi umzila osenyakatho odlula eRussia naseBelarus usasebenza, nokuthi izinselele ezisebenzayo ze-Middle Corridor - okuhlanganisa ukulinganiselwa komthamo wesikebhe saseCaspian Sea, ukudluliselwa kwemikhumbi eminingi, kanye nengqalasizinda yesitimela engakathuthuki kahle kwezinye izingxenye - kusho ukuthi awukayishintshi indlela esenyakatho esungulwe ngezinga. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ukuhlukahluka kuyinto eza kuqala, futhi u-2025 uzoba unyaka omkhulu wobudlelwano be-China ne-Europe. Kuzoba ngumkhosi weminyaka engama-50 wobudlelwano be-EU ne-China kanye nomkhosi weminyaka engama-20 wokubambisana okubanzi kwe-China ne-Spain.
UYao Jing, inxusa laseShayina eSpain, ugcizelele ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani “ukuqiniseka ngamasu” emabhizinisini nasezikhungweni kuzo zombili izizwe. Kwabathuthi bempahla, lolu hlaka lwezombusazwe lusho ukuthi bangalindela ukuthi isitimela saseYiwu-Madrid sisebenze kaningi, sibe nokwethenjelwa kakhudlwana, futhi sithwale izimpahla eziningi njengoba ohulumeni bobabili besebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwezomnotho.
Izinselelo Namathuba Angaphambili
Ngisho noma umzila we-Yiwu-Madrid usukhule kakhulu, usenezinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenza. Obaluleke kakhulu inqubo yokushintshanisa ama-gauge ekuweleni imingcele, okwenza uhambo ngalunye luthathe isikhathi eside futhi kube nzima ukuhlela. Nakuba lokhu kuye kwathuthukiswa kancane kancane, kusalokhu kuyisithiyo esiyisisekelo somzila odlula ezinhlelweni ezintathu ezihlukene ze-gauge yesitimela.
Omunye umehluko umthamo wezitsha eziqandisiwe. ISpain ingenye yabathengisi abakhulu emhlabeni bezithelo nemifino emisha, kodwa okwamanje isitimela asinazo izitsha eziqandisiwe ezanele zokukhonza le makethe ngezinga elikhulu. Leli khono lingadala umthombo omusha wemali engenayo yethrafikhi eya empumalanga futhi lilungise enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zesevisi.
Ngokomlando, inani lohambo olubuyayo oluya entshonalanga libe lincane kunenani eliya empumalanga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abathumeli baseYurophu bebephuza ukusebenzisa imakethe yaseShayina kunabathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina. Ukuthola amabhizinisi amaningi aseSpain naseYurophu, njengabakhiqizi, abakhiqizi bokudla, kanye nezinkampani zezimpahla zikanokusho, ukuthi isitimela siyindlela enhle yokuthumela eShayina kuseyisici esibalulekile sokukhula. Ochwepheshe bezimboni kanye nabantu ababuka i-BRI bathi amandla amakhulu angakasetshenziswa ukugcwalisa izitimela eziya empumalanga ngezimpahla eziningi zaseYurophu. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuhweba phakathi kwamazwe amabili kube nokulinganisela okukhulu.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okungakusekela Ngayo Ukuthunyelwa Kwakho Kwase-China-Europe
Ukuba nomlingani wezokuthutha owazi ukuthi angabhekana kanjani nokuhweba okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kweShayina neSpain kanye neShayina neYurophu ngokujwayelekile kwenza umehluko omkhulu emabhizinisini. Kusukela ngo-2010, iTopway Shipping — enendlunkulu yayo eShenzhen, eShayina — ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo zezokuthutha ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele, okuletha ukujula nokuthembeka kuzo zonke izigaba zochungechunge lokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke.
Ithimba labasunguli beTopway lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yobuchwepheshe bangempela kwezokuthutha kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla zamasiko, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweShayina kanye nezokuthutha zase-US esezikhule zaba yimodeli yesevisi ephelele yomhlaba wonke. Le nhlangano ingaphatha zonke izingxenye zochungechunge lwezokuthutha, kusukela kwezokuthutha zasekhaya zokuqala kuya ekugcinweni kwezimpahla zasogwini kuya ekususweni kwezimpahla zamasiko kuya ekulethweni kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide. I-Topway iphinde inikeze izinsizakalo zokuthutha zasolwandle eziguquguqukayo ezinesitsha esigcwele (i-FCL) kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthutha zasolwandle ezingaphansi kwesitsha esincane (i-LCL) ezivela eShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele kumabhizinisi athumela impahla eYurophu noma evela eYurophu.
Njengoba umzila we-Yiwu-Madrid uba ngobaluleke kakhulu futhi amabhizinisi amaningi efuna ukusebenzisa izinhlanganisela zesitimela, ulwandle, noma izindlela eziningi zokudlulisa imikhiqizo phakathi kweShayina neSpain, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nomlingani wezokuthutha owazi okuningi ngamasiko futhi ongabona konke kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. I-Topway Shipping isebenze nezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zeziphathimandla zezokuthutha kanye namasiko, okwenza kube ibhuloho eliqinile lamabhizinisi afuna ukusizakala ngamathuba okuhweba aqhubeka evuleka yile ndlela eyingqayizivele yokuthutha impahla.
Lokhu Kusho Ukuthi Kumabhizinisi E-E-Commerce Anqamula Imingcele
Ukukhula kwempahla yesitimela phakathi kweShayina neYurophu kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuhwebeni nge-inthanethi okuwela imingcele. Kubathengisi baseShayina abathumela izimpahla ezimakethe zaseYurophu kanye namabhizinisi aseSpain azama ukufinyelela amakhasimende aseShayina, isitimela sinikeza okuthile izimpahla zasolwandle ezingakunikezi ngaso sonke isikhathi: ukubikezela. Ngezikhathi zokuhamba ezimisiwe, ukuthunyelwa okulandelekayo, kanye nezikhathi zokuhamba ezibikezelayo zezinsuku ezingu-16 kuya kwezingu-18, izinkampani ze-e-commerce zingaqapha kangcono impahla yazo kunangempahla yasolwandle, lapho ukubambezeleka kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-10 kuvame khona.
Ukukhula komzila we-Yiwu-Madrid nakho kusheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo zokugcina izimpahla phesheya kwezilwandle. Njengoba abathengisi abaningi baseShayina bezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele bakha amasheya abo eduze kwamakhasimende aseYurophu, kuba mnandi kakhulu ukuphinda kufakwe izimpahla ezinjalo ngesitimela esikhundleni sokuzigcina ngendiza. Iqiniso lokuthi lishibhile kunomoya futhi lishesha kunolwandle lidala iwindi lokuthutha elisiza ngqo amabhizinisi ezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce athengisa kumasayithi afana ne-Amazon Europe, i-Alibaba's AliExpress, kanye nemakethe yedijithali ye-El Corte Inglés yaseSpain.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abakhiqizi bokudla bobuciko baseSpain nabaseYurophu, izindawo zewayini, kanye nezinkampani zezimpahla zabathengi ezisezingeni eliphezulu manje sebenendlela elula yokungena emakethe ye-e-commerce yaseShayina, ikakhulukazi kumasayithi afana ne-Tmall Global kanye ne-JD International, lapho isidingo sezimpahla zangempela zaseYurophu sisakhula khona. Kulokhu, isitimela sase-Yiwu-Madrid asiyona nje indlela yokuhambisa izimpahla. Siyingqalasizinda yesizukulwane sonke sokuhweba ngedijithali okubili.
Isiphetho
Isitimela sezimpahla i-Yiwu-Madrid sihambe ibanga elide selokhu sakhiwa okokuqala njengengxenye ye-Belt and Road Initiative. Sesibe yisitimela sezimpahla eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi nje kuphela. Siphinde sabonakala siyindlela enhle yokusiza ukuhweba futhi siholele ezinguqukweni ezinkulu endleleni i-China ne-Spain ezithola, ezithengisa, futhi zisebenzisana ngayo izimpahla zomunye nomunye. Izinombolo ziyamangalisa: uhambo oluya nokubuya oluyi-1,800, amakhonteyina ayi-145,500, kanye nempahla ebiza ngaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-8 emzileni waseMadrid kuphela. Kodwa zilandisa ingxenye nje yendaba.
Ushintsho olujulile luyisakhiwo: amabhizinisi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zase-Eurasia ashintshe indlela aphatha ngayo izinto ngenxa yalo mhubhe. Iwayini laseSpain namafutha omnqumo manje sekusha futhi kushibhile kumakhasimende aseShayina kunangaphambili. Kuthatha ingxenye yesikhathi eside ngamaphaneli elanga aseShayina kanye nemishini ehlakaniphile ukufika eMadrid ngempahla yendiza njengoba kuthatha imithwalo yolwandle. Ingxube yempahla ishintsha njalo, okubonisa ukuthi izinzuzo zokuqhathanisa zezwe ngalinye ziyashintsha kanjani.
Isitimela i-Yiwu-Madrid asiyona into ekhethekile noma ukuhlolwa kwamabhizinisi ahwebelana phakathi kweShayina neYurophu. Siyisici esivuthiwe, esikhulayo, nesibaluleke kakhulu endaweni yezempahla yomhlaba wonke. Ukwazi ukuthi yini esingayenza nesingayenzi, kanye nendlela yaso yesikhathi esizayo, kanye nokusebenza nochwepheshe bezempahla abaziyo ukuthi bangabhekana kanjani naso kuyinzuzo yokuncintisana ezokhula kuphela njengoba ukuhweba phakathi kweShayina neYurophu kukhula.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi isitimela sempahla saseYiwu-Madrid siqede uhambo olulodwa?
A: Isikhathi samanje sokuhamba sisuka e-Yiwu siya eMadrid cishe siyizinsuku eziyi-16 kuya kweziyi-18. Ngokuthuthwa ngomkhumbi, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35 kuya kwezingama-40.
Q: Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimpahla ezingathunyelwa ngesitimela sase-Yiwu-Madrid?
A: Izinto eziningi ezahlukene ziyathunyelwa, njengezinto zikagesi, izingxenye zezimoto, amaphaneli elanga, izimpahla zabathengi, ifenisha, kanye nemishini yezimboni eya entshonalanga; kanye newayini laseSpain, uwoyela womnqumo, i-ham yase-Iberia, izimonyo, kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla eya empumalanga.
Q: Ingabe imithwalo yesitimela ishibhile kunemithwalo yendiza yokuthunyelwa kweChina neSpain?
A: Yebo, kuningi. Impahla yesitimela ivame ukushibhile kunempahla yomoya, kodwa kusathatha cishe isigamu sesikhathi sempahla yolwandle. Lokhu kwenza kube ukukhetha okufanele kwezimpahla ezidinga ukufika lapho ngokushesha kodwa ezingafaneleki kakhulu.
Q: Ingabe ingxabano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine ithinte insizakalo yesitimela phakathi kweYiwu neMadrid?
A: Kusukela ngo-2022, lo mzila, odlula eRussia naseBelarus, ubulokhu ubuyekezwa, kodwa usavuliwe. Njengendlela yokusekela kanye nokwehlukahluka, kusetshenziselwa enye indlela edlula eMiddle Corridor (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, naseTurkey).
Q: Ukuthunyelwa kweTopway kungasiza kanjani ngempahla eChina-Europe?
A: I-Topway Shipping inikeza izinsizakalo ezigcwele zokuthutha, njengokuthuthwa kokuqala, ukususwa kwezimpahla zangaphandle, ukugcinwa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokulethwa kwezimpahla okuhamba ibanga elide. Baphinde banikeze izimpahla zasolwandle ze-FCL kanye ne-LCL ezivela eShayina ziye emachwebeni abalulekile omhlaba. I-Topway ibilokhu isebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 futhi ihlonyiselwe kahle ukusiza izinkampani ukudlulisa izimpahla phakathi kweShayina neYurophu.
