Indlela Yokubala Izindleko Zangempela Zokungenisa E-China
Wonke umthengisi wezimpahla uyifunda lesi sifundo esibuhlungu ngesikhathi: intengo ecashunwa yifektri yaseShayina akuyona intengo ebiza ngempela. Ngesikhathi umkhiqizo ususuliwe yizintela, ufakwe endaweni yokugcina impahla futhi ulethwe, inani langempela lingaba ngaphezulu ngamaphesenti angu-40-90 kunentengo ye-FOB noma ye-EXW eyavula ingxoxo. Leso sikhala yilokho ochwepheshe bezokuthutha abakubiza ngokuthi izindleko zomhlaba, futhi ngesakhiwo sentela esishintshiwe, ukuphela kwe-de minimis yezimpahla ezivela eShayina kanye nenqwaba yemisebenzi yeSigaba 301 kanye neSigaba 122 ebekwe phezu kwempahla evamile, ukuthola lokhu kubalwa kahle sekube umehluko phakathi komugqa womkhiqizo onenzuzo kanye nephutha elihamba kancane elihlala endaweni yokugcina impahla ngo-2026.
Kulesi sifundo, sizohlukanisa izindleko ezitholwe phansi zibe izingxenye zaso, sikulethe ngesibonelo esisebenzayo sisebenzisa izilinganiso zangempela zentela kusukela ngo-2026, futhi sibonise amaphutha avame ukukhubaza izibalo zomthumeli. Futhi sibheka nokuthi umlingani wezokuthutha njengeTopway Shipping angabhekana kanjani nobunye ubunzima, kunokushiya konke ukubala kuspredishithi.
Lokho Okushiwo Yizindleko Zokufika Empeleni (nokuthi Kungani Intengo Ye-FOB Ingeyona)
Izindleko zokufika ziyizindleko zokuthola umkhiqizo usuka endaweni yokukhiqiza yomhlinzeki uye endaweni yawo yokugcina, ususuliwe, ukhokhiswe intela, futhi ulungele ukuthengiswa noma ukusetshenziswa. Leyo akuyona intengo ngeyunithi ngayinye ku-invoyisi yomhlinzeki, noma ngisho naleyo ntengo kanye nesilinganiso esifanelekile sokulethwa. Inombolo ephelele yezindleko zokufika ihlanganisa intengo yomkhiqizo, zonke izindleko zokuthutha nezokuphatha kusukela efektri kuya echwebeni lokuya kulo, intela yentela kanye nezindleko zamasiko, izimali zokukhokha kanye nezokususa impahla, umshwalense nanoma yikuphi kugcinwa noma izindleko zokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina ezihilelekile ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zifike kumthengi wazo wokugcina.
Abathumeli abaningi bokuqala bathengisa imikhiqizo yabo ngentengo ngokusekelwe kusilinganiso se-FOB (Free On Board) esinikezwe ngumhlinzeki wabo, bese bengeza iphesenti eliqondile—ake sithi amaphesenti angu-20—ukukhokha “ukuthunyelwa kanye nentela.” Leyo ndlela emfushane iyinkinga emakethe yanamuhla. Izendlalelo zentela ezimpahleni zaseShayina manje zingafinyelela kumaphesenti angu-35, amaphesenti angu-60 noma ngaphezulu kakhulu kwamaphesenti ayi-100 kuye ngesigaba se-HTS, kuyilapho amazinga okuthutha olwandle eshintshashintsha ngezindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli, amaphrimiyamu esizini ephezulu kanye nokuminyana kwechweba. Ukulinganisa okusheshayo okusekelwe ekucabangeni okudala kungasusa ngasese yonke inzuzo yomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuba kuthengiswe iyunithi eyodwa.
I-Tariff Stack ka-2026, Isendlalelo ngesendlalelo
Ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu kubangenisi baseShayina ukuthi intela ayisekho inombolo eyodwa. Kuye ngempahla, ukuthunyelwa okuvela eShayina kungawela ngaphansi kwamazinga amane ahlukene entela, ngalinye libalwa ngaphezu kwenani lentela. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokubala izindleko ezifike endaweni efanele ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izendlalelo ezisebenza kukhodi ethile ye-HTS.
Isendlalelo esiyisisekelo yisilinganiso sentela esijwayelekile se-Most Favoured Nation (MFN) esisungulwe yi-US Harmonised Tariff Schedule, esisukela ku-0% kuya ku-32%, kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo. Njengamanje singamaphesenti ayi-10 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi siphelelwe yisikhathi ngoJulayi 24, 2026, yize i-US Trade Representative ikhombisile ukuthi singashintshwa esikhundleni sokususwa nje. Inkokhelo eyengeziwe yomhlaba wonke, eyaqaliswa ngemuva kokuba iNkantolo Ephakeme isuse amanani entela asekelwe ku-IEEPA ngoFebhuwari 2026, yaphetha ngentela yeSigaba 122. Bese kuba neSigaba 301, intela ehlala isikhathi eside e-China esukela ngo-2018, okungamaphesenti angu-7.5 ezinto eziningi zabathengi nezingubo ngaphansi kohlu 4A, noma amaphesenti angu-25 emishini, izinto zikagesi, ifenisha, kanye nezimpahla zezimboni ezifakwe ngaphansi kohlu 1 kuya ku-3. Ezinye izigaba ezibalulekile zizobona amazinga aphezulu kakhulu eSigaba 301 ngemuva kokubuyekezwa komthetho ka-2024 - amaphesenti ayi-100 ezimoto zikagesi, amaphesenti angama-25 amabhethri e-EV kanye nama-magnet ahlala njalo, kanye namaphesenti angama-50 kuya kwayi-100 kwezinye izinto zezokwelapha kanye ne-PPE.
Isendlalelo sesine, iSigaba 232, sisebenza kuphela ensimbini, i-aluminium kanye nohlu olukhulayo lwemikhiqizo ehlangene, futhi singangeza amanye amaphesenti ayi-15 kuya kwangu-25 kuye ngokuthi imvelaphi yezinto zokwakha ikuphi. Lezi zindleko zivame ukuqoqana phezu komunye nomunye kunokuba zithathe indawo yanoma yimuphi omunye, ngakho-ke impahla ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi ephakathi nendawo ingafika ngamaphesenti angama-35 kuya kwangu-45 entela iyonke, kanti izimpahla eziqondiwe emkhakheni wecebo zingaba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-80 noma ngisho ayi-100.
| Isendlalelo Sentela | Isilinganiso Esijwayelekile (2026) | Kusebenza Ku |
| Umsebenzi wesisekelo se-MFN | I-0% - 32% | Konke ukungenisa, izinga elibekwe yikhodi ye-HTS |
| Inkokhelo eyengeziwe yesigaba 122 | 10% (kuyabuyekezwa, iphelelwa yisikhathi ngoJulayi 24, 2026) | Wonke amazwe, izinga lomhlaba wonke elilinganiselwe |
| Isigaba 301 (Uhlu 1–3) | 25% | Imishini, izinto zikagesi, ifenisha, izimpahla zezimboni |
| Isigaba 301 (Uhlu 4A) | 7.5% | Izimpahla zabathengi, izingubo, izicathulo |
| Isigaba 301 (imikhakha yamasu) | I-25% - 100% | Ama-EV, amabhethri, amandla elanga, omazibuthe, amadivayisi ezokwelapha |
| Isigaba 232 | I-15% - 25% | Insimbi, i-aluminium, kanye nemikhiqizo esuselwe kuyo |
Olunye ushintsho olubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukulahlekelwa ukukhululwa okungu-$800 de minimis. Kuze kube ngu-2025, izinto ezinenani eliphansi ezithengiswa ngqo kubathengi base-US zingangena mahhala, yingakho amapulatifomu ayethembele ekuthunyelweni okunomthamo ophezulu, okunenani eliphansi akwazi ukugwema ngokuphelele inqwaba yentela. Lokho kukhululwa kwahoxiswa eShayina naseHong Kong ngo-2025 futhi akukabuyi; ukuthunyelwa ngakunye manje kudinga ukufakwa okusemthethweni kwentela ngesigaba esigcwele se-HTS kanye nenkokhelo ephelele yentela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lingakanani. Uma umngenisi evame ukuhlukanisa ukuthunyelwa noma ukugcina amanani amenyezelwe ephansi ukuze ahlale ngaphansi komkhawulo, lokho akusakwazi ukwenzeka.
Impahla kanye Nezokuthutha: Ulwandle, Umoya, kanye Nezindleko Ezicashile Phakathi
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kuyisici sesibili esibalulekile sokwakha futhi akuvamile ukuba lula njengesilinganiso se-ocean esiyinhloko esinikezwa yi-forwarder first. Ngenkathi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla egcwele isitsha (i-FCL) kuvame ukuba yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuthutha ngeyunithi ngayinye ukuze uthole ama-oda amaningi, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla engaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL) kufaneleka kangcono ngempahla encane kodwa kubiza kakhulu nge-cubic meter ngayinye futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukufinyelela iphuzu lokuhlanganiswa. Izimpahla zomoya ishesha kakhulu, izinsuku kunokuba ibe ngamasonto, kodwa intengo ngekhilo ingaba ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kahlanu kuya kweshumi kunempahla yolwandle, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ekubuyiselweni kabusha okuphuthumayo noma ezintweni ezinenani eliphezulu, ezinesisindo esincane.
Abangenisi bezimpahla kwamanye amazwe kufanele futhi bahlele isabelomali sezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindleko ezengeziwe ezivame ukungafakwa kwisilinganiso sokuqala futhi zidlulele ngale kwesilinganiso esiyisisekelo sokuthutha: izindleko zokuphatha isikhumulo sezindiza kokubili emachwebeni okuqala nawasendaweni oya kuyo, amadokhumenti kanye nezindleko zokufaka izimpahla, ukungalingani kweziqukathi noma izimali ezengeziwe zesizini ephezulu, izici zokulungisa uphethiloli kanye nezindleko ze-chassis noma zokudonsa umoya ukuze kuthuthwe isiqukathi sisuka echwebeni siye endaweni yokugcina impahla. Lezi zindleko zivame ukuba zincane ngokwazo kodwa zingangeza amaphesenti ayi-10 kuya kwangu-15 esilinganisweni esijwayelekile solwandle futhi ziyisizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi isilinganiso sezindleko zokufika siphansi kuneqiniso.
Yilapho-ke inzuzo yokusebenza nomuntu onolwazi lokuthumela impahla ingena khona. I-Topway Shipping yasungulwa eShenzhen ngo-2010 futhi ihlela ukuthutha izimpahla olwandle i-FCL kanye ne-LCL kusuka eShayina kuya emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni jikelele ngezilinganiso eziphelele ukuze lezi zindleko ezengeziwe zibe sobala kusukela ekuqaleni futhi zingaveli uma ukuthunyelwa sekuvele kuhamba. Ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, amaqembu enkampani aphatha ukuthunyelwa kokuqala, ukususwa kwempahla yamasiko kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga lokugcina, ukuze abangenisi bathole isithombe sezindleko esisodwa, esihlangene kunokuhlanganisa eyodwa kubathengisi abathathu noma abane abangaxhumene.
Izindleko Zentela Yempahla, i-MPF, i-HMF, kanye Nezimali Zokuhweba
Ngaphezu kwamaphesenti entela okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, isethi yesibili yentela iyasebenza lapho ukuthunyelwa kufika echwebeni e-United States. Imali Yokucubungula Impahla (MPF) ingu-0.3464% wenani elimenyezelwe ekungeneni okusemthethweni; okuphansi kakhulu kungu-$31.67 kanti okuphezulu kakhulu kungu-$614.35 ngokungena ngakunye. Ukuthunyelwa olwandle nakho kukhokhela Imali Yokulungisa Ichweba (HMF) engu-0.125% yenani lempahla, okungasebenzi ekuthuthweni ngendiza. Umthengisi wentela ofanelekayo uvame ukukhokhisa izindleko eziqondile zokungena, ezingasukela ku-$75 kuya ku-$200 ngokuthuthwa ngakunye kuye ngokuthi ukungena kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, kanye nemali yokukhokha nganoma yini umthengisi ayikhokha egameni lomngenisi.
Akukho neyodwa yalezi zindleko enkulu ngokwayo, kodwa zinganezela okuningi ekuthunyelweni okunenani eliphakathi, ikakhulukazi manje njengoba konke ukuthunyelwa manje kudinga ukungena okusemthethweni, kunokuba kube ukucutshungulwa okunenani eliphansi okuhlelekile okwakungenzeka ngaphansi kwe-de minimis. Uma uthumela okuningi, umlingani we-3PL angasiza ekuhlanganiseni ama-oda amaningana okuthenga abe okufakiwe okusemthethweni okuncane, okukhulu. Lokhu kusabalalisa izimali eziqondile kumayunithi amaningi, kunciphisa umthelela weyunithi ngayinye.
Ukugcina Impahla, Ukugcwaliseka, kanye neMile Yokugcina
Ingxenye yokugcina yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ivame ukunganakwa ekubalweni kwezindleko ezifike endaweni kodwa ingaba yingxenye ebalulekile yezindleko eziphelele, ikakhulukazi kubathengisi be-e-commerce. Izimali zokuthola Izimali zokugcina (ngephalethi noma nge-cubic foot ngenyanga) Izimali zokuthatha nokupakisha (nge-oda ngalinye) Izimali zokugcina impahla zaphesheya zivame ukufaka: Intengo yokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina ibucayi kakhulu esisindweni sephasela, imithethonqubo yesisindo kanye nendawo yokulethwa, futhi ingenye yezigaba ezimbalwa zezindleko ezivame ukwanda njalo unyaka nonyaka lapho abathwali bevuselela amakhadi abo entengo.
Ngokuvamile, abathengisi abathumela impahla nge-warehouse eboshiwe noma inethiwekhi yokugcwalisa enamanani enkampani yokuthwala axoxiswane ngayo kusengaphambili - ngokungafani nokuthumela yonke iyunithi ngqo kusuka efektri yaseShayina - bathola ukuthi bangakwazi ukulungisa ukwanda kwezindleko zesizini futhi bagweme amanani aphezulu ahambisana nokuthunyelwa okusheshayo, kweyunithi eyodwa. Yilokho kanye izinsizakalo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle ze-Topway Shipping kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide ezihlose ukukwenza. Ukunikeza abangenisi indawo yokugcina izimpahla eduze kwamakhasimende abo okugcina, nokwenza izindleko zalowo mlenze wokugcina zibikezelwe kunokuba zisebenze.
Isibonelo Esisebenzayo: Izindleko Zokufika Ekuthunyelweni Kwangempela
Empeleni lokhu kulula ukukubona ngezinombolo: Cabanga ngokuthunyelwa kwamayunithi ayi-1,000 esengezo sezinto zikagesi zabathengi esiphakathi nendawo, i-FOB $8.00 evela kumhlinzeki waseShenzhen, esithunyelwe yi-ocean FCL eLos Angeles, sabe sesithuthwa ngeloli sayiswa endaweni yokugcina impahla yaseMidwest.
| I-Cost Component | Isisekelo | Inani (USD) |
| Izindleko zomkhiqizo (i-FOB) | Amayunithi ayi-1,000 x $8.00 | 8,000.00 |
| Imithwalo yaselwandle kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe | Isitsha esingamamitha angu-20 esabiwe, esifakwe konke ngaphakathi | 1,450.00 |
| Umsebenzi wesisekelo se-MFN | 3.5% ka-$8,000 | 280.00 |
| Inkokhelo eyengeziwe yesigaba 122 | 10% ka-$8,000 | 800.00 |
| Isigaba 301 (Uhlu 4A) | 7.5% ka-$8,000 | 600.00 |
| I-MPF | 0.3464% we-$8,000, ubuncane $31.67 | 31.67 |
| I-HMF | 0.125% ka-$8,000 | 10.00 |
| I-Customs brokerage | Imali ephansi | 150.00 |
| Amaloli angaphakathi nezwe aya endaweni yokugcina impahla | Ichweba eliya eMidwest | 620.00 |
| Isamba sezindleko zokufika | 11,941.67 | |
| Izindleko zokufika ngeyunithi ngayinye | 11.94 |
Kulesi simo, izindleko ze-FOB ezingama-$8.00 ngeyunithi ngayinye zingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 kunezindleko zangempela uma kucatshangelwa zonke izendlalelo. Yingakho izindleko zokufika kumele zinqunywe umugqa nomugqa esikhundleni sokulindela kusetshenziswa i-rough multiplier, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni engaphansi kwezigaba eziphakeme zeSigaba 301, lapho umsebenzi ofanayo ungakhuphula izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye ngamaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangu-90 esikhundleni sama-50.
Amaphutha Avamile Ahlanekezela Isilinganiso Sezindleko Ezifike
Iphutha elivame kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kabi kwekhodi ye-HTS yomkhiqizo, kungaba ngengozi noma ngokuthatha ikhodi ye-HS yomhlinzeki enezinombolo eziyi-6 bese uyiphatha njengokuhlukaniswa kwentela yase-US enezinombolo eziyi-10. Izinombolo zokugcina ezine ziqondene nezwe futhi zinquma ngokuqondile ukuthi yiluphi uhlu lweSigaba 301, uma lukhona, olusebenzayo, ngakho-ke iphutha elincane lokuhlukaniswa lingasho umehluko phakathi kwentela engu-7.5% kanye nesijeziso esingu-25%.
Elinye iphutha elivamile ukucabanga ukuthi inani lentela kanye nentengo ye-invoyisi kuyafana ngokwencazelo. Inani elikhokhiswayo i-CBP elifika kulo lingahluka ngokwe-Incoterms esetshenzisiwe kanye nesakhiwo samakhomishini, izindleko zamathuluzi noma usizo, esibalweni esiku-invoyisi yezentengiselwano futhi ukuthola lokhu okungalungile kumema kokubili ukukhokha ngokweqile kanye nengozi yokuhlola.
Iphutha lesithathu—futhi elibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ngo-2026—ukucabanga ukuthi umkhiqizo usafanelekela ukwelashwa kwe-de minimis ngoba wakwenza ngonyaka noma emibili edlule. Lokho kukhululwa akusatholakali ezintweni ezivela eShayina, futhi noma iyiphi imodeli yamanani esasekelwe kuyo izobe isiphelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu. Okokugcina, abathumeli abaningi bakha imodeli yabo yezindleko ezithengiswayo kanye ekuqaleni kokuphila komkhiqizo futhi abasoze bayiphinde bayibuke. Amanani eSigaba 301, uhlu lokungafakwa, inkokhelo eyengeziwe yeSigaba 122—lokhu kushintshe izikhathi eziningi ngonyaka owodwa, ngakho imodeli eyayinembile ngoJanuwari ingaba nephutha elikhulu ngo-Agasti.
Lapho Umlingani Wezokuthutha Enciphisa Ukuqagela
Iningi labangenisi likuthola kuphumelela kakhulu ukusebenzelana nomlingani ophethe uchungechunge oluphelele, kunokuzama ukuhlanganisa izilinganiso ezivela kubathengisi ngabanye esinyathelweni ngasinye, ngoba eziningi zalezi zici zihamba ngokuzimela komunye nomunye. I-Topway Shipping, eyasungulwa ngo-2010 futhi eseShenzhen, yasungulwa ngesisekelo esinjalo. Ithimba elisungule lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni kwezokuthutha kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla zangaphandle, elinobuchwepheshe obuningi kwezokuthutha ukusuka eShayina kuya e-US, futhi izinsizakalo zalo zihlanganiswe njengochungechunge olulodwa oluhlanganisiwe kunezinyathelo ezingaxhunyiwe, ezihlanganisa ezokuthutha zomlenze wokuqala, izimpahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ukususwa kwezimpahla zangaphandle, kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina.
Kwabangenisi abathumela imithwalo emikhulu, i-Topway Shipping iphinde inikeze izinsizakalo zokuthwala impahla egcwele kanye nemithwalo engaphansi kwemithwalo yemikhumbi evela eShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, okuvumela ibhizinisi ukuthi likhulise indlela yalo yokuthumela ifike kusayizi we-oda, kunokukhokha ngokweqile ukuguquguquka kwe-LCL ekuthunyelweni okungahamba ngentengo ephansi njenge-FCL, noma ukubopha imali esitsheni esigcwele lapho i-LCL ingenza kanjalo. Izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nemibuzo yokuhlela evame ukonakalisa ispredishithi yezindleko ezifike zisingathwa ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kusuke eShayina, esikhundleni sokutholakala njengento engavamile ngemva kokufika. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphathwa kwamanani kanye namasiko kungaphansi komhlinzeki oyedwa, lokhu kokugcina kuxazululwa ngaphambi kokwakuqala.
Isiphetho
Izindleko zangempela zokungenisa impahla ezivela eShayina ngo-2026 zidinga ukuzithiba okukhulu kunaseminyakeni emibili noma emithathu edlule. Isakhiwo sentela esisezingeni eliphezulu, ukususwa kwe-de minimis kanye nokwenyuka kancane kancane kwezimpahla ezengeziwe kanye nezindleko zokugcina kusho ukuthi isilinganiso se-FOB somhlinzeki siwukuqala nje kokubala okude kakhulu. Abangenisi abahlukanisa inqubo kuze kube semininingwaneni yokugcina - izindleko zomkhiqizo, imithwalo, yonke ingqimba yentela esebenzayo, izimali zamasiko, kanye nezindleko zokugcina impahla kanye nezindleko zokugcina ezilandelanayo - bagcina imingcele yabo kanye nentengo ngokuqiniseka. Abantu abashaqeka kakhulu echwebeni yilabo abasebenzisa izinombolo ezingacacile noma imibono yakudala mayelana nemingcele engenamthelo ukuze benze izibikezelo zabo. Ukusebenza nomlingani wezokuthutha ophatha uchungechunge kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, njenge-Topway Shipping akususi isidingo sokuqonda lezi zinombolo kodwa kwenza inani lokugcina libikezelwe kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi kufakwa i-oda lokuthenga.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
U: Ingabe ukukhululwa kwe-$800 de minimis kusatholakala ekuthunyelweni okuvela eShayina?
A: Cha. IShayina neHong Kong bayiqeda ngo-2025 futhi ayikabuyi. Konke ukuthunyelwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lingakanani, manje kufanele kungeniswe ngokusemthethweni emasimini futhi kukhokhe yonke imali ekhokhwayo.
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwekhodi ye-HS nekhodi ye-HTS?
A: Ikhodi ye-HS iwukuhlukaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe okunezinombolo eziyisithupha. Ikhodi ye-US HTS inezela ezinye izinombolo ezine eziqondene nezwe futhi ichaza izinga lentela eliqondile nokuthi iSigaba 301 siyasebenza yini.
Q: Ingabe intela yeSigaba 301 kanye neSigaba 122 zihambisana?
A: Yebo, ngokuvamile. Impahla evamile evela eShayina ingase ithwale izinga lesisekelo se-MFN, inkokhelo eyengeziwe yeSigaba 122, kanye nezinga leSigaba 301 elifanele ngesikhathi esisodwa, yingakho intela iyonke ivame ukuba phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-35 nangu-45.
U: Ingabe umthengisi wezimpahla noma umthengisi wezimpahla angasiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zokufika?
A: Abakwazi ukulungisa izinga lentela ngqo. Kodwa-ke, umthengisi noma umthumeli ohlela kahle izinto, ahlele kahle inani lentela, futhi ahlanganise ukuthunyelwa ngempumelelo anganciphisa kakhulu imali futhi avimbele izinhlawulo ezibizayo zokungahlelwa kahle.
U: Umngenisi kufanele avuselele kangaki imodeli yakhe yezindleko zomhlaba?
A: Okungenani njalo ngekota. Amanani eSigaba 301, uhlu lokungabandakanywa kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe njengeSigaba 122 kushintshe izikhathi eziningi ngonyaka owodwa. Imodeli esekelwe kudatha yonyaka odlule inganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zamanje.
