Indlela Yokukhetha Umzila Wesitimela Ongcono Kakhulu Osuka eShayina Usiya e-UK Ngemva Kwe-Brexit
Isingeniso
Izimpahla zikaloliwe Phakathi kweShayina ne-UK kusendleleni ephakathi nendawo esetshenziswa ngabathumeli abaningi manje. Ngokuvamile kushesha futhi kuthembekile kunolwandle ngezikhathi ezimatasa, futhi kushibhile kunomoya nganoma yini enye ngaphandle kwamasampula aphuthumayo. Kodwa ngemva kwe-Brexit, indlela ebonakala ifaneleka kakhulu emephini ayiyona njalo engcono kakhulu empilweni yangempela. I-UK ayiyona ingxenye yenhlangano yamasiko ye-EU, futhi izinqubo zokuhamba ngesitimela ngeChannel Tunnel zihlukile. Futhi, imizila eminingi yesitimela phakathi kweShayina neYurophu yakhiwe ngabasebenzi abaningi kanye neziteshi zokudlulisela esikhundleni sesitimela esisodwa nje esihamba yonke indlela.
Lesi sihloko sikunikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi ungawubona kanjani umzila wesitimela ofanele ukusuka eShayina ukuya e-UK ngendlela elula ukuthi abathumeli bayiqonde. Uzofunda ukuthi ungayisetha kanjani iphrofayili yakho yokuthumela, uthole imizila eyinhloko yase-Eurasia, ukhethe indawo engcono kakhulu "yokungena" ohlelweni lwezokuthutha lwase-UK, futhi wenze uhlelo lwezentela olukuvimbela ekutholeni noma yiziphi izimanga ngomzuzu wokugcina ngesikhathi se-Brexit. Uzothola amathebula ongawasebenzisa ukuhlela kanye nohlu lwemibuzo evame ukubuzwa (FAQs) ezokusiza uqonde ukungaqondani okuvame kakhulu.
Isimo sesitimela sangemva kweBrexit
I-Brexit ayizange ithinte indawo, kodwa yashintsha indlela umthwalo wakho osebenza ngayo uma uthinta iYurophu ohambweni lwayo oluya eBrithani. Ushintsho olukhulu ukuthi imikhiqizo eza e-UK nge-EU ayisahambi njengokungathi yonke isendaweni efanayo yamasiko. Kusadingeka uhlele ukungeniswa kwe-UK njengomcimbi ohlukile, ngezimemezelo zayo, izibopho zedatha, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhambisana nemithetho, noma ngabe izitsha zakho zihamba ngesitimela emazweni amaningi e-EU. Uhulumeni wase-UK unemithetho yamasiko kanye nokuphepha kwemithwalo yesitimela eya nokubuya eChannel Tunnel. Le mithetho iyasiza noma ngabe usebenzisa isu elisebenzisa izindlela eziningi elihlanganisa umzila wesitimela waseYurophu kanye nomzila omfushane wokuwela olwandle.
Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhetha umzila akusekho nje ngokuthi "yimuphi umzila oshesha kakhulu." Kuphinde kumayelana nokuthi amaphepha enziwa kuphi, lapho ukuthutha kuthululwa khona, lapho kuqala khona umthwalo wemfanelo wamasiko, nokuthi umhlinzeki wakho angabhekana kahle kangakanani nokuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi zesitimela, izinhlelo zamasiko, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwasekhaya e-UK.
Chaza ukuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokuthi uchaze umzila
Iphrofayili yomkhiqizo kanye nokuhambisana nayo kuza kuqala
Umzila wakho ungaguquguquka uma umkhiqizo wakho ulula. Umzila wakho uba mncane uma umkhiqizo wakho ulawulwa.
Ngaphambi kokuthi ubheke imizila eyahlukene yesitimela, bhala ngokucacile "ipasipoti yomkhiqizo" yokuthunyelwa. Lokhu kufanele kufake phakathi uhla lwekhodi ye-HS, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idinga amalayisense noma izimpawu ezikhethekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inamabhethri noma izimpahla eziyingozi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudla noma imikhiqizo yezingane, nokuthi ngabe inezidingo zokuthobela imithetho ezithile zase-UK. Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba ezinye iziteshi nemizila zingcono ekuphatheni ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa okukhethekile kunezinye, futhi abanye abaqhubi ngeke baze bamukele izinhlobo ezithile zemithwalo.
Ungayinaki imininingwane engathandeki, noma ngabe uyazi ukuthi umkhiqizo muhle. Isimemezelo sebhethri esingekho noma ikhodi ye-HS enephutha kungenza uhlelo lwezinsuku ezingu-20 luthathe izinsuku ezingu-30 ukuze lufezeke. Ukukhetha umzila ngeke kulungise igebe lamaphepha; kungadlulisela inkinga endaweni entsha kuphela.
Ivolumu, imvamisa, kanye nesu lokupakisha
Isitimela sisebenza kahle kakhulu uma ivolumu iphakeme ngokwanele ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kube nenzuzo, kodwa hhayi phezulu kangangokuthi ungathutha kuphela ama-container agcwele futhi ungakhathazeki ngemali eboshelwe esitokweni njalo ngeviki. Uma unevolumu exubile, ngokuvamile kufanele ukhethe phakathi kokunyakaza kwe-container yesitayela se-FCL (ukuthunyelwa okukodwa, i-container eyodwa) kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesitayela se-LCL (abathumeli abaningana babelana nge-container bese beyihlukanisa eYurophu).
Abantu abaningi abaqalayo abaqapheli ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukupakisha esitimeleni. Isitimela sivame ukuba bushelelezi kunesitimela, kodwa sidinga ukukhushulwa okwengeziwe kanye nokudluliselwa ezikhumulweni. Uma kwenzeka, ukuphakelwa okuqinile, ukuvikelwa komphetho, kanye nokumaka okucacile kwebhokisi kwenza ukuhlolwa kusheshe futhi kungenzeki ukuthi kubangele umonakalo. Uma uletha izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-SKU e-commerce awela imingcele, isiyalo selebula singaba umehluko phakathi kokuhlukana ngosuku olulodwa nokuchitha isonto "ukusesha izimpahla."
Izinhloso zesikhathi kanye nezibalo zempahla
Uma ukhetha isitimela, cishe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iphakheji yakho izofika nini. Iningi "lemithetho eyisisekelo" yezikhathi zokuhola phakathi kweShayina ne-UK ithi lokho umthwalo wezindiza kuthatha usuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili, ukuthutha olwandle kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-40, kanti ukuthutha ngesitimela kuthatha phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili.
Enye indlela enhle yokwenza ukukhetha ukuguqula isikhathi sokuhamba sibe yizindleko zempahla. Uma umzila osheshayo ubeka emgwaqweni wezimpahla zamakhasimende nethuba elikhulu lokubambezeleka noma ubiza kakhulu kunokuphela kwempahla okuqedayo, awuyona "ngcono." Uma umzila ohamba kancane uhambisana futhi usiza ukuhlela ukukhushulwa, ukuthola izimpahla, kanye nokugeleza kwemali kangcono, awuyona "mbi kakhulu."
| Imodi (ububanzi bokuhlela obujwayelekile) | Isivinini somnyango ngendlu | Izinga lezindleko (elihlobene) | Ukulingana okuhle kakhulu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Izimpahla zomoya | Ngokushesha | Ephakeme kakhulu | Okuphuthumayo, inani eliphakeme, isisindo esiphansi |
| Izimpahla zikaloliwe | Ububanzi obuphakathi | Ububanzi obuphakathi | Isivinini/izindleko ezilinganiselwe, ukugcwalisa kabusha okuqhubekayo |
| Izimpahla zasolwandle | Kancane | Phansi kakhulu | Izindleko eziphansi/ezinzima, imijikelezo yokuhlela emide |
Umgomo akukhona ukuthola "umzila wesitimela oshesha kakhulu," kodwa lowo ohlangabezana nezinga lakho lesevisi onezinkinga ezimbalwa kakhulu.
Ukuqonda inethiwekhi yezitimela esuka eShayina iya e-UK
Isitimela saseShayina-Europe siyinethiwekhi, hhayi umugqa owodwa
Abantu bavame ukukhuluma “ngesitimela i-China-Europe Railway Express” njengokungathi yisitimela esisodwa. Kufanele usicabange njengomndeni wezinsizakalo. Kunemizi eminingana yokuhamba, izindawo zokuwela imingcele, izindawo eziyinhloko zaseYurophu, kanye nezindlela zokufika e-UK ukusuka lapho. Imibiko esemthethweni yale nethiwekhi igcizelela ukuthi ifinyelela kude kangakanani kulo lonke elaseYurophu nokuthi ithola ithrafikhi engakanani minyaka yonke.
Lesi sakhiwo senethiwekhi senza izinto zibe lula futhi zibe nzima ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ithuba, njengoba ungakhetha izindawo zokuhamba eziseduze nokukhiqiza kwakho kanye nezindawo zokufika eziseduze nokusabalalisa kwakho kwaseYurophu. Ubunzima, njengoba "umzila ongcono kakhulu" ngokuvamile ungowokudluliselana okuncane okungazinzile, hhayi lowo onama-pairings amadolobha adumile kakhulu.
Imizila emikhulu yase-Eurasia ozohlangana nayo
Lapho belungiselela ibhizinisi, abantu bavame ukuhlanganisa imizila yesitimela yaseShayina neyaseYurophu ibe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Amagama ayashintsha kuye ngomhlinzeki, kodwa umqondo uhlala ufana.
Umzila osenyakatho uvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi unamandla amakhulu kakhulu okuthutha izitimela phakathi kweShayina neYurophu. Ngokuvamile kuhilela ukudluliselwa komngcele lapho kuhlangana khona amageyiji esitimela ahlukene, kulandelwe umzila omude onqamula i-Eurasia ngaphambi kokungena ohlelweni lwesitimela lwe-EU. Umzila osenyakatho uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “inketho eyinhloko” emibikweni yezimboni ngoba unemisebenzi ezinzile kanye namandla anele.
Umzila ophakathi uvame ukusho imizila edlula e-Asia Ephakathi kanye nendawo yaseCaspian enezingxenye eziningi ze-multimodal. Le mizila yenza umzila osenyakatho-kude ungabalulekile kangako. Uma umgomo wakho oyinhloko wokulawula ubungozi, ungakhanga, kodwa futhi ungaletha ukudluliselwa okwenza izinto zingabi lula ukuzibikezela.
Umzila oseningizimu awujwayelekile kangako ekuthuthweni kwansuku zonke, futhi uthintwa kakhulu yizinkinga zezwe kanye nengqalasizinda. Abanye abathumeli banganikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zawo, kodwa kufanele uwucabange njengesixazululo esenziwe ngokwezifiso ngaphandle kokuthi umhlinzeki wakho unerekhodi elihle kulowo mzila.
Ungaqhathanisa kalula imihubhe ngokubheka ukuthi izinze kangakanani, ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukushintsha indlela uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, nokuthi zingaki izikhathi zokudlulisela ezinazo.
| Iphethini yephaseji | Umuzwa wokusebenza | Inzuzo evamile | Ukushintshana okuvamile |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northern | Okuvuthiwe, okunevolumu ephezulu | Umthamo oqinile, ukuhamba njalo | Ukuchayeka okuphezulu ekuzweleni kwezepolitiki kuye ngomzila |
| Ephakathi | Umzila ohlukahlukene | Ukuhlukahluka kwezingozi, izinketho ezihlukile | Ukudluliselwa okwengeziwe, kungaba yinto engalindeleki kangako |
| Wik | Icala necala | Izixazululo ze-Niche zokugeleza okuthile | Umthwalo wokuhlela ophansi, ophakeme |
Awuthengi “umzila wesitimela.” Uthenga uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlanganisa isitimela, izinqubo zomngcele, ukusebenza kwesiteshi, kanye nezinhlelo zokungena e-UK.
Lapho kwenzeka khona ngempela umlenze wase-UK
Uma uthumela imithwalo e-UK, isitimela sivame ukukusa ezwenikazi laseYurophu kuqala. Bese, udlula endaweni yokungena elawulwayo ukuze ufike eGreat Britain. Izindlela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zokuhlela yilezi:
Iphethini eyodwa isebenzisa isikhungo sezitimela saseYurophu njengendawo yokuhlanganisa nokususa amasiko, bese idlula kuChannel Tunnel (noma uhlelo olufanayo lokuwela iChannel) ukuze ifike kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa yase-UK. IChannel Tunnel iyindawo yokubhekisela endleleni i-UK ephatha ngayo izinqubo zokuthutha izitimela ngoba iziqondiso zemingcele yase-UK zimboza ngokusobala ukunyakaza kwezitimela ngayo.
Iphethini ehlukile ihamba ngesitimela eya endaweni yechweba laseYurophu, bese kuba ngolwandle eya e-UK, bese kuba ngeloli ngaphakathi e-UK. Lokhu kungasebenza kahle uma ufisa ukusebenzisa noma yiliphi ichweba lase-UK noma uma inketho yomhubhe inqunyelwe ukuhlela noma umthamo wesiteshi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela amasiko kanye nokuhamba ukuze umthwalo wakho ungabhajwa endaweni engenamuntu phakathi kokukhishwa kwe-EU nokungeniswa kwe-UK.
Lona umbono wokuhlela wezinketho zokungena eziyinhloko.
| Isu lokungena e-UK | Okuzuzayo | Okumele ukuhlele ngokucophelela |
|---|---|---|
| Ukugeleza kwesitimela okuqondiswe ku-Channel Tunnel | Isivinini, izinguquko zolwandle ezimbalwa | Izinqubo zesiteshi sesitimela, amashejuli emigudu, ukulungiswa kwedatha yomngcele wesitimela wase-UK |
| Isitimela esiya echwebeni le-EU + ulwandle olufushane oluya e-UK | Ukuguquguquka kokukhetha imbobo, ukuphambukisa okulula | Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezimbili, ingozi yokuminyana kwechweba, isikhathi sokubhalwa kwedokhumenti yechweba lase-UK |
| Isitimela esiya esikhungweni se-EU + ukusatshalaliswa komgwaqo e-UK | Izinketho zokuhlanganisa eziqinile | Isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa, umthamo wendawo yokugcina impahla, isiyalo esinqunyiwe |
Khetha indlela yokungena ekunikeza "izinketho zokubuyisa" ezinhle kakhulu lapho kwenzeka ukubambezeleka uma izimpahla zakho zingezesizini noma zisekelwe ekukhushulweni. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuvame ukuba yigugu kakhulu kunesivinini ngokombono.
Uhlaka lwesinqumo sokukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu
Isivinini sebhalansi kanye nezindleko ngaphandle kokuphishekela isilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu
Abantu bavame ukuthi isitimela siyibhalansi phakathi komoya nolwandle, futhi lokho kunembile kakhulu, yize ububanzi bukhulu. Eminye imizila isebenza kahle ngesikhathi esincane, kanti eminye ishintsha kakhulu ngokusekelwe kuthrafikhi emngceleni, imigqa emide esikhumulweni sezindiza, noma ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha. Izincwadi eziningi zokuhambisa ngo-2025 zisasho ukuthi isitimela sithatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-15 kuya kwezingama-20 ukuze siqale, kanti ulwandle luthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu.
“Iyiphi indlela eshibhile yokufika lapho?” “Yimuphi umzila oshibhile kakhulu osathola isithembiso sami sokulethwa nge-buffer?” “I-buffer ayiyona imfucuza; umshwalense ogcina izilinganiso zakho zangaphambi kwesitolo, ukukhokhiswa kwemali kwabathengisi, kanye nokwethenjwa kwamakhasimende kuphephile.”
"Umbono wenkomba" olula ongawusebenzisa ngaphakathi uyithuluzi lokuqhathanisa eliwusizo.
| Option | Isikhathi sokuya endlini ngendlu (ibhendi yokuhlela) | Inkomba yezindleko (umoya = 10) | Okuhle kakhulu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Izimpahla zomoya | Short | 10 | Ukugcwalisa kabusha okuphuthumayo |
| Izimpahla zikaloliwe | Medium | 4-6 | Ukugcwalisa kabusha okuvamile, izimpahla ezinenani eliphakathi |
| Izimpahla zasolwandle | Long | 1-3 | Isidingo esiphansi, esinzima, nesibikezelwayo |
Izibalo zangempela ziyashintsha kuye ngemakethe, kodwa isizathu salesi sinqumo asishintshi: ukhokhela isikhathi nokuthembeka, hhayi nje ezokuthutha.
Ukuthembeka kanye nengozi: izindleko ezifihliwe "zokushesha"
Izinto ezintathu okulula ukuzikhohlwa zithinta indlela ethembeke ngayo indlela.
Okokuqala, ukudluliselwa ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Ufaka ukuguquguquka njalo lapho izimpahla zishintsha igeyiji yesitimela, umqhubi, noma ziphinde zixhunywe esiteshini. Umzila oneziphazamiso ezimbalwa ungase ube ngcono kunendlela "emfushane" enezindawo zokuthinta eziningi.
Okwesibili, ingcindezi evela ezinkathini zonyaka. Ngesikhathi sesizini esimatasa, amachweba kanye nomthamo wezokuthutha yizona zinto ezibangela izithiyo, hhayi imizila. Ngalezo zikhathi, umhlinzeki onezikhala eziqinisekisiwe kanye nabalingani bendawo abahle bokuphelelwa yisikhathi angenza kangcono kunomuntu onesikhathi esikhangisiwe "esifushane".
Okwesithathu, ukuhlola ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokuphepha. Ngemva kwe-Brexit, zonke izimpahla eziya e-UK kumele zidlule ezinqubweni ezigcwele zokuthutha impahla, okuyinto amabhizinisi amaningi ayengadingi ukubhekana nayo ngaphambi kuka-2021. Ngisho noma izimpahla zakho zisemthethweni ngokuphelele, ukubanjwa kwazo kungenzeka uma ungenalo lonke ulwazi olufanele noma uma izimemezelo zakho zingahambisani.
Isu lentela ngemva kwe-Brexit: hlela indlela yamaphepha, hhayi nje indlela yesitimela
Kwabaningi abathwali bezimpahla, ushintsho olukhulu ngemuva kwe-Brexit ukuthi ukuhamba endaweni ye-EU akusakwazi "ukusingatha ngokuzenzakalelayo" inqubo yokungenisa impahla e-UK. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani emasikweni, ukuthi usebenzisa kanjani ezokuthutha (uma wenza kanjalo), nokuthi uthumela kuphi izitatimende zakho zemisiko.
Imithetho yase-UK yokuthutha ngesitimela kwamanye amazwe ihlanganisa indlela abadayisi nabaqhubi okufanele bazilungiselele ngayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekugelezeni okudlula ku-Channel Tunnel ngoba idatha yokuphepha kanye nedatha yentela kumele ifane.
Amaqembu amaningi e-logistics asebenzisa izinqubo zokuthutha ezijwayelekile ukuhambisa izinto ezindaweni eziningana ngenkathi zisengaphansi kwebhondi. Izinsizakusebenza zentela zivame ukukhuluma ngemibono yezokuthutha efana ne-T1 ngoba zisiza izinto ukuthi zihambe phakathi kwamahhovisi entela ngaphandle kokukhokha izindleko kuyo yonke imingcele.
Indlela ekahle kakhulu yokwenza lokho yileyo eyenza inqubo yakho yokuthumela impahla ibe lula futhi iphindaphindeke. Uma kufanele “uphinde uqambe kabusha” amaphepha okuthunyelwa ngakunye, wakha umshini obambezela izinto.
Enye indlela yokuqhathanisa imizila egxile ekubhalweni kwemibhalo ukubhala phansi ukuthi yini okufanele ibe yilungile esinyathelweni ngasinye.
| Stage | Okumele kube okulungile | Umnikazi ojwayelekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ngaphambi kokuhamba eShayina | I-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, isiyalo sekhodi ye-HS, ukufaka amafayela okuthumela kwamanye amazwe | Umthumeli + umthumeli |
| Ukuhamba kwezokuthutha/kwe-EU | Amadokhumenti okuhamba (uma esetshenziswa), ubuqotho besivalo, ukulandelela | Umqhubi wesitimela + umqhubi wesitimela |
| Ukungena e-UK | Idatha yesimemezelo sokungenisa e-UK, izidingo zokuphepha/zokuphepha zokungena ngesitimela | Umngenisi werekhodi + umthengisi |
| Ukulethwa e-UK | Ubufakazi bokukhululwa, ukuhlela isikhathi sokuqokwa, indlela yokubuyisa | Inkampani yenethiwekhi yase-UK + i-warehouse |
Uma uqhathanisa izinsizakalo, bacele ukuthi bakuchazele lolu chungechunge ngamagama alula. Uma bengakwazi, isilinganiso "esishibhile" cishe sizokwenza izinto zidideke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Incoterms nokuthi ubani olawula umzila
I-Incoterms ayisho nje kuphela ukuthi ubani okhokhayo, kodwa futhi isho ukuthi ubani ongahlela umzila nokuthi ubani onesibopho sanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa.
Uma uthenga ezimweni lapho umthengisi elawula khona iningi lokunyakaza, ungathola umzila wesitimela obukeka umuhle ngesu lokuhlanganisa umthengisi kodwa ongahambisani kahle nesikhathi sakho sokwamukela e-UK. Ungakhetha indawo yokungena kanye nenqubomgomo yamasiko esebenza kahle kakhulu ebhizinisini lakho uma uthenga ngemibandela ekunika ukulawula phezu kwenqola eyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, unesibopho sokuxhumanisa okwengeziwe.
Kwabaningi abangenisa impahla e-UK, isakhiwo esihle kakhulu yilapho bephethe khona ukufaka amaphepha entela e-UK futhi bangabona ngokucacile ukudluliselwa kwempahla eYurophu. Ngemuva kwe-Brexit, lokho kubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba "iphutha elincane" endaweni yokungena lingabangela ukubambezeleka kwezinsuku eziningi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwasekhaya e-UK: kuphathe njengengxenye yomzila wesitimela
Kulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi izitimela zikuyisa kude kuphela. Okwenzeka ngemva kokukhishwa kwentela kuzothinta ulwazi lwakho lwangempela lwabathengi.
Uma uhambisa impahla kunethiwekhi yokugcwalisa yase-UK, umzila ofanele kakhulu kungaba yilowo osondela endaweni oyithandayo yokusabalalisa, noma ngabe kuthatha usuku olude ngesitimela samazwe ngamazwe. Ngezikhathi ezimatasa, ukubambezeleka kosuku olulodwa endaweni yokugcina impahla engafanele kungabiza izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu zokuhamba.
Kufanele futhi ucabange ngokubuyiselwa kwemali kanye nokuthutha okuphambene. Kwezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce, kungaba kuhle ukuchitha imali eningi ngomlingani we-UK osezingeni eliphezulu kanye nesiteshi esicacile sokubuyiselwa kwemali ngoba amaphutha ngokubuyiselwa kwemali angalimaza idumela lakho.
Izincwadi zokudlala ezisebenzayo zezinhlobo ezivamile zokuthumela
Ukuhweba nge-inthanethi okwenziwa ngaphesheya kwemingcele ngama-SKU axubile
Uma kuthunyelwa izinto ze-e-commerce, ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-SKU ezahlukene, izinto ezincane, nezinto okudingeka zipakishwe njalo. Kulesi simo, "umzila wesitimela ongcono kakhulu" ngokuvamile yilowo ovumela ukuhlanganiswa okuzinzile eShayina, ukuqedwa okubikezelwayo eYurophu, kanye nokufakwa okulula kwezasekhaya e-UK.
Kufanele ukhethe isevisi engakwazi ukuphoqelela imithetho yokulebula amabhokisi, ilandelele uhlu lokupakisha ezingeni le-SKU, futhi ikunikeze izinyathelo zokulandelela ezithembekile. Umzila wesitimela ozokufikisa lapho ngokushesha kodwa owohlokayo ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa ngeke ukusize uhlangabezane nama-SLA akho emakethe.
I-Brexit yengeza olunye ungqimba: idatha yakho ye-SKU idinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha kanye namasiko. Yenza ithempulethi lokumaka imigqa ye-invoyisi namakhodi e-HS ongawasebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngemva kwalokho, isitimela siba yindlela enamandla yokubuyisela izimakethe zase-UK esitokweni.
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okufakwe amaphelethi e-B2B kuya kuma-DC nakubathengisi
Uma uthumela ama-pallet ezikhungweni zokusabalalisa zase-UK, isiyalo sokuqokwa kanye nokuhlela ubufakazi bokukhululwa kubaluleke kakhulu kunesivinini sokuthutha esingakalungiswa.
Ku-B2B, umzila wesitimela ongcono kakhulu uvame ukudlula endaweni enamandla yaseYurophu engaphatha izinguquko futhi ithumele ukuthunyelwa "okuhlanzekile" e-UK. Yilapho amandla enethiwekhi yabahlinzeki eqala khona ukusebenza: kufanele bahlele ukungasebenzi kahle, balandelele isimo sentela, futhi balethe wonke amadokhumenti adingwa yi-DCs.
Futhi, abathumeli be-B2B kufanele bakhathazeke ngomonakalo kanye nezimangalo. Isitimela sivame ukuqina, kodwa ukuphathwa kwesiteshi kusasebenza. Ezindaweni zokudlulisela, sebenzisa i-pallet wrap eqinile, amabhodi ekhoneni, kanye nemibhalo yesithombe.
Izimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu, ezizwelayo, noma ezilawulwayo
Indlela engcono kakhulu yezimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu yileyo enesimo sokulawula esingcono kakhulu.
Lokho kungase kusho ukuthi kuzoba nama-terminal ambalwa, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezingcono, ukuphathwa kokuhlolwa okubikezelwayo, kanye nomhlinzeki ongachaza kahle umshwalense kanye nesibopho. Uma izimpahla zakho zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu ahlolwa ngokucophelela, engeza isikhathi esengeziwe eqenjini lakho lokuhlela bese ukhetha indlela yokungena engeke imise yonke inethiwekhi yakho uma kukhona ukuvinjelwa.
Yilapho futhi isiyalo sokuthobela imithetho sizuzisa khona. Irekhodi elicacile nelihambisanayo lamasiko lehlisa ingozi yezinkinga ezingahleliwe ezenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Indlela yokuhlola iziphakamiso zendlela yesitimela ezivela kubathumeli
Iziphakamiso eziningi zemizila zibonakala zinhle kakhulu uma uzibeka edeskini lamaslayidi. Umsebenzi wakho ukubona ukuthi ziyasebenza yini emhlabeni wangempela.
Qala ngokucela ukubonakala ezingeni lesinyathelo, njengesikhathi sokugcina esiteshini sokuhamba, okulindelwe ekudluliselweni kwemingcele, ukufika esikhungweni se-EU, uhlelo lokungena e-UK, kanye nendawo yokufaka i-last mile. Uma umhlinzeki engakwazi ukuchaza "izindawo zakhe zokulawula," umane unethemba.
Bese ubuza ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezimo ezihlukile. Kuzokwenzekani uma isikhungo se-EU siba matasa kakhulu? Yiziphi ezinye izindlela abantu base-UK abangangena ngazo uma umzila omkhulu uvaliwe? Abahlinzeki abazi kahle ukuthi benzani bangakhuluma ngezincwadi zokudlala zokuzijabulisa ngaphandle kokubonakala bethukile uma ubuza.
Okokugcina, cela umhlinzeki ubufakazi bokuthi uyayazi indawo yomngcele wesitimela wase-UK, ikakhulukazi uma uhlela ukuhamba ngethrafikhi exhunywe ku-Channel Tunnel. Kunemithetho e-UK yezidingo zomngcele wesitimela, kodwa isivivinyo sangempela ukuthi umhlinzeki angayiguqula kahle kangakanani leyo mithetho ibe yimisebenzi engenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Isiphetho
Ukuthola umzila wesitimela ongcono kakhulu osuka eShayina uye e-UK ngemuva kwe-Brexit akulula njengokuthola umugqa owodwa "owinayo" ebalazweni. Kumayelana nokusungula uhlelo lokuthutha olusebenzela izimpahla zakho, ukugeleza kwempahla yakho, kanye nendlela amasiko asebenza ngayo e-UK.
Ukuthutha ngesitimela kungaba ngenye yezindlela ezithembeke kakhulu ochungechungeni lwakho lokuhlinzeka ngempahla e-China-UK uma uchaza kahle ukuthunyelwa kwakho, ukhetha umzila ofanelana nokubekezelela kwakho ingozi, wamukele isu lokungena elikuvimbela ukuthi ungamangali lapho ufika esiphethrini, futhi udale ukugeleza okuhlelekile kwamadokhumenti entela. Abathumeli abawina ngesitimela akubona labo abalandela isimangalo sezokuthutha esifushane kakhulu. Yibo abasungula indlela ehlanzekile yokwenza ibhizinisi.
I-Topway Shipping ingaba ngumlingani owusizo ezinhlanganweni ezifisa lolu hlobo lokuhlala njalo kodwa ezingafuni ukusingatha konke ukudluliselwa ngokwazo. I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics ezivela emingceleni kusukela ngo-2010. Abantu abaqala inkampani yethu baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni nge-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-custom clearance, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweShayina ne-US transportation. Siphatha zonke izingxenye zochungechunge lwe-logistics, kusukela ekuthuthweni kokuqala kuya ekususweni kwe-custom clearance kanye nokulethwa emlenzeni wokugcina. Siphinde sinikeze izinsizakalo zokuthutha olwandle ezivela eShayina kuya emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni wonke angaba yi-full-container-load (FCL) noma i-less-than-container-load (LCL).
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Ingabe imithwalo yesitimela esuka eShayina iya e-UK isasebenza ngemuva kwe-Brexit?
A: Yebo. I-Brexit ayishintshi ukuthi izitimela zingasebenza yini; ishintsha nje indlela ohlela ngayo idatha yentela kanye nemingcele. Abathumeli abangcono kakhulu baphatha ukungenisa kwe-UK njengesigaba esihlukile futhi bakhethe imizila eyenza kube lula ukulandelela amaphepha kanye nokudluliselwa.
Q: Kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthutha imithwalo yesitimela esuka eShayina iya e-UK?
A: Ububanzi bokuhlela buxhomeke endleleni, ukusebenza kwesiteshi, kanye nendawo yokugcina yokulethwa. Iziqondiso eziningi zemakethe zibeka isitimela "ebhendini eliphakathi" phakathi komoya nolwandle. Engxenyeni yokudonsa ulayini, lokhu kuvame ukuba seminyakeni ephakathi kweshumi nambili kuya kwephansi, kanti uma uhamba umnyango nomnyango, kuncike ekuhlanganisweni kanye nemayela lokugcina.
Q: Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise iChannel Tunnel ukuze ngithumele isitimela e-UK?
A: Cha. Izinketho eziningi zisebenzisa izitimela ukuya ezwekazini laseYurophu bese uqeda uhambo lwase-UK ngohambo olufushane lwasemanzini. Inketho ekahle incike ekutheni ishejuli yakho ithembeke kangakanani, ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ye-UK ofuna ukufaka iphakheji yakho kuyo, nokuthi umhlinzeki wakho uphatha kanjani ukubonakala kwesimo samasiko.
Q: Yiliphi iphutha elikhulu kakhulu elenziwa ngabathumeli besitimela baseChina nase-UK elihlobene ne-Brexit?
A: Ukungaqapheli ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba nedatha yamasiko ephelele nehambisanayo. Uma umkhiqizo wakho udlula ezindaweni ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngaphambi kokungena e-UK, ulwazi olungekho noma olungalungile lungabangela ukubambezeleka okwenza inzuzo yesivinini sesitimela inyamalale.
Q: Ingabe ngidinga amadokhumenti okuhamba njenge-T1 ukuze ngihambe ngesitimela e-China-UK?
A: Kuncike ekutheni ukunyakaza kwakho kuhlelwe kanjani nokuthi ukulawulwa kwamasiko kuqala futhi kuphethe kuphi. Izinhlaka zokuhamba ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imikhiqizo phakathi kwamahhovisi amasiko ngaphandle kokukhokha izindleko endaweni ngayinye yokuma endleleni. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi uyazidinga noma cha kuncike emzileni kanye nomhlinzeki.
Q: Ingabe i-FCL ingcono njalo kune-LCL esitimeleni?
A: Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma uthumela izinto eziningi, i-FCL ingaba lula futhi isheshe. Kodwa uma umhlinzeki enezinqubo ezinhle zokuhlanganisa nokuhlukanisa, i-LCL ingaba eshibhile ekuthunyelweni okuxubile. Isinqumo esifanele sincike ekutheni ivolumu yakho izinzile kangakanani nokuthi ungachitha isikhathi esingakanani esitolo sokugcina impahla.
Q: Yiziphi izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ezifanelekela isitimela saseShayina-UK?
A: Isitimela siyindlela enhle yemikhiqizo enenani eliphakathi ebiza kakhulu ukuthunyelwa ngendiza njengoba ulwandle luthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi aluphuthumi ngokwanele. Abathumeli abaningi bayisebenzisela ukugcwalisa kabusha izinto njalo lapho isivinini singabalulekile kakhulu kunokuvumelana.
Q: Ngingaziqhathanisa kanjani izithuthuthu ezimbili ezinikeza imizila yesitimela ehlukene?
A: Ungabheki nje izinsuku zokuhamba ezikhangisiwe; bheka nezindawo zokulawula zazo nokuthi zisingatha kanjani okuhlukile. Bacele ukuba bacacisele ngomsebenzi wazo wamasiko, ukuthi zisingatha kanjani ukuphazamiseka ezikhumulweni noma emingceleni, nokuthi zilandela kanjani izigaba ezibalulekile. Uhlelo lokusebenza olusekela umzila yilona oluwenza usebenze.
