Indlela Yokuthumela Izimpahla Eziyingozi Zisuka EShayina - nokuthi Yimaphi Amachweba Azozamukela Ngempela
Njalo ngonyaka izinkulungwane zezitsha ezigcwele imithwalo esemthethweni ngokuphelele, ezuzisayo ziyaxoshwa emachwebeni aseShayina ngesizathu esisodwa: endaweni ethile emkhiqizweni kukhona ibhethri, i-aerosol, uketshezi olubangela ukuvuvukala noma ikhemikhali engatholakali emadokhumenti. Ukuthumela izinto eziyingozi ezivela eShayina akuyona nje indaba yokubeka uphawu ebhokisini efomini lokubhuka. Kungumsebenzi wokuthobela imithetho ngezendlalelo, ohilela ukuhlukaniswa, ukubhalwa kwamadokhumenti, ukupakisha, kanye—mhlawumbe ingxenye enganakwa kakhulu—nezinqubomgomo ezithile zechweba kanye ne-terminal ohlela ukuyisebenzisa.
Lo mhlahlandlela uyakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yini ngempela eyenza umehluko phakathi kwakho izimpahla eziyingozi ukuthunyelwa kuhamba kalula noma ukuhlala egcekeni kuqoqa izindleko zokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuthi amachweba aseShayina asebenza kahle yini ekuphatheni imithwalo elawulwayo ngo-2026.
Kungani Imithwalo Eyingozi Yenqatshwa Ngaphezu Kwanoma Yiluphi Olunye Uhlobo Lwempahla
Iningi lezimpahla ezinqatshwa lapho zisuka aziphathelene nomkhiqizo ngokwawo. Zimayelana nomehluko phakathi kwalokho okushiwo amaphepha kanye nalokho ichweba, i-terminal noma inkampani ezimisele ukukuthatha nganoma yiluphi usuku. Ukuthunyelwa kungaba semthethweni ngokuphelele ngokusho kwezincwadi zomthetho zomhlaba wonke, kodwa kuqhubeke kubuyiselwe emuva ngoba indawo ethile yokubeka izimpahla isifinyelele umkhawulo wayo wokugcina wesigaba sezingozi, noma ngoba umkhankaso wokuphepha wendawo uqinise ukwamukelwa okwesikhashana ngemuva kwesigameko esingaxhumene kwenye indawo ezweni.
Esinye sezici ezinkulu ezifihliwe umthamo wokugcina. Kukhona isikhala esincane sokugcina imikhiqizo eyingozi ehlukaniswe namakhemikhali angahambisani futhi awukwazi ukuyibeka noma kuphi egcekeni lezitsha. Ngezinkathi zokuthumela eziningi, lapho igceke le-DG lesikhungo ligcwele, ukubhukha ngezinye izikhathi kuyamiswa noma kushintshwe indlela, ngesaziso sezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Kukhona futhi nogibe lwemibhalo olubamba abathumeli bokuqala ngaso sonke isikhathi. Into ebukeka njengempahla evamile - idivayisi yokunakekela isikhumba enebhethri eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, umkhiqizo wokuhlanza one-volatible propellant, ikhithi yesampula ene-vial encane ye-solvent - ingaphenduka buthule ibe imikhiqizo ebulalayo uma umuntu efunda i-SDS noma ehlola iphuzu elikhanyayo. Uma lokho kuhlelwa kungenziwa kusenesikhathi, kuzovela ikhanda layo elibi kamuva njengokwenqatshwa kokubhukha noma okubi nakakhulu ukuthunyelwa okugcinwe esangweni lesiteshi.
I-Rulebook Stack: I-IMDG, i-IATA, kanye ne-Domestic Layer yaseShayina
Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla olwandle kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ze-International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, eyanyatheliswa yi-International Maritime Organisation futhi edingwa yisivumelwano se-SOLAS. Ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2026, uhlelo luka-2024, i-Amendment 42-24, lwaba yindinganiso kuphela ephoqelekile futhi yathatha indawo yohlelo lwangaphambilini ngokuphelele. Yakha izakhiwo ezintsha zenombolo ye-UN yemithwalo yebhethri, yandisa izidingo zemibhalo futhi, okokuqala ngqa, yahlukanisa amabhethri, imikhiqizo esebenzisa amabhethri kanye nezimoto ezisebenzisa amabhethri ngezigaba ezihlukene zokulawula. Izimpahla zomoya ilawulwa yiMithethonqubo Yezimpahla Eziyingozi ye-IATA, eguqulwa minyaka yonke. Inguqulo yamanje yama-67 izolawula ukuthunyelwa kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2026.
Ngaphezu kwazo zombili kukhona ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha yangaphakathi yaseShayina, enquma ukuthi izinto eziyingozi zithuthwa kanjani ngomgwaqo zisuka efektri ziye echwebeni. Imithetho yezokuthutha yomgwaqo yendawo iyahluka ngokwesifundazwe nangomuzi, futhi ingaqiniswa ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nemikhosi yemicimbi yomlando noma ngezikhathi lapho iziphathimandla zendawo ziqhuba imikhankaso yokuhlola ukuphepha. Ngisho nephakheji ehambisana ngokugcwele ephepheni lezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe ingayeka uma umlenze wamaloli ngaphakathi eShayina ungahambisani nemigomo yendawo yokuhlela ukuthathwa kwezimpahla, umzila noma izimvume zezimoto.
Akukho neyodwa kulezi zigaba ezintathu, i-IMDG, i-IATA kanye nemithetho yezokuthutha yasekhaya yaseShayina esebenza yodwa. Ukuba nesimemezelo sokuthumela ngaphandle esihambisanayo akusho lutho uma iloli elithuthe isitsha laya esiphelweni lalingenalo ilayisensi yokuthwala leso sigaba sengozi kulowo mzila.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kuza Kuqala: Inombolo ye-UN kanye negama Elifanele Lokuthunyelwa
Ngaphambi kokuthi wenze noma yini enye—ngaphambi kokuthi ubhukhe, ngaphambi kokuthi upakishe, ngaphambi kokuthi uxoxe nomthumeli ngamanani—izimpahla zidinga inombolo ye-UN kanye negama lokuthumela elifanele. Lezi zinto ezimbili zilawula konke okulandelayo: ukuthi ngabe iMiyalelo Yokupakisha iyasebenza, ukuthi amalebula avela ebhokisini, ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kuyafaneleka yini ngemithetho ye-Limited Quantity noma ye-Excepted Quantity ehlelekile, nokuthi yiziphi izinkampani zenethiwekhi ezingamukela ngisho nokubhukha.
Yilapho abathumeli abaningi bamazwe angaphandle bengahlulela khona umsebenzi ohilelekile. Ukuhlukaniswa akuyona indaba yokuqagela ngokusekelwe ekutheni umkhiqizo ubukeka kanjani, kodwa ukunqunywa kobuchwepheshe okusekelwe ku-SDS, idatha yokuhlola, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali okuqondile. Imikhiqizo emibili ebukeka ifana kakhulu phansi efektri - ake sithi amaphakethe amabili ebhethri le-lithium ahlukile anamakhemikhali ahlukene kancane noma izilungiselelo zesimo sokushaja - ingaba nezinombolo ze-UN ezihlukene kanye nezidingo zokupakisha ezihlukene ngokuphelele.
Amabhethri e-sodium-ion ayisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuthi lesi sikhala sishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani. Izinombolo zawo ze-UN zisanda kusungulwa futhi abathumeli abaqhubeka nokuwahlukanisa njengoba babenjalo ngamaseli e-lithium-ion bahlangatshezwa nokubhukha okwenqatshwa njengoba abathwali bebuyekeza izinhlelo zabo zokuhlola.
Umzila Wephepha: Yini Ehlolwa Ngempela Ekubhukeni
Ngakho-ke isikhathi esinqunyiwe sangempela sokulungisa amaphepha isikhathi sokubhuka, hhayi usuku lokungena. Izinkampani zemithwalo kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla ziya ngokuya zihlola amaphepha ezimpahla eziyingozi ngaphambi kokuba isitsha sifike esangweni lechweba. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa amadokhumenti avame kakhulu ekubhukheni kwempahla yasolwandle evela eShayina:
| Idokhumenti | Lokho Okusungulayo |
| Ishidi Ledatha Yezokuphepha (SDS) | Isisekelo sobuchwepheshe sezigaba ezingu-16 somkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezingozi ze-GHS kanye nolwazi lokuthuthwa okukhulunywa ngalo kuSigaba 14. |
| Isimemezelo Sempahla Eyingozi | Isitifiketi esisayinwe ngumthumeli, ngaphansi kwe-IMDG yolwandle noma ifomu le-IATA lomoya, eliqinisekisa ukuthi impahla ihlelwe ngezigaba, ipakishwe, imakwe, futhi ilebula kahle. Abasebenzi abaqinisekiswe yi-DG kuphela abangasisayina. |
| Isifinyezo Sokuhlolwa se-UN38.3 | Kudingeka ekuthwalweni kwebhethri le-lithium ne-sodium-ion, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amaseli noma amaphakethe aphumelele izivivinyo eziyisishiyagalombili ezidingekayo ezihlanganisa ukuphakama, ukujikeleza kokushisa, ukudlidliza, ukushaqeka, nokuningi. |
| Isitifiketi Sokupakisha Isitsha/Imoto | Iqinisekisa ukuthi isitsha sigcwaliswe ngokwemithetho yokuhlukanisa i-IMDG, igcina izinto ezingahambisani zihlukene ngaphakathi kwebhokisi. |
| Umbiko Wokuhlonza Amakhemikhali Ayingozi | Kucelwa kakhulu emachwebeni amakhulu aseShayina, okukhishwa yilabhorethri egunyaziwe evela eceleni, futhi ngokuvamile kufanele kuthathwe amahora anqunyiwe ngaphambi kokufika komkhumbi. |
Imibhalo Yebhethri Le-Lithium Ithola Ukuhlolwa Okujulile
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezingozi, umthwalo webhethri yiwona ohlolwa kakhulu ngoba uma umlilo webhethri le-lithium uqala, kunzima ukuwucisha. Ngaphezu kwesimemezelo esivamile se-SDS kanye ne-DG, kuzodingeka ukuthi unikeze isifinyezo sokuhlolwa se-UN38.3 esivela elebhu egunyaziwe kahle, isitifiketi sokupakisha esihambisana nokucushwa kwebhethri okumenyezelwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ulwazi olwengeziwe lokukhiqiza njengesitifiketi sokulawula ikhwalithi noma usuku lokukhiqiza lwefektri. Akukho kulokhu okungahleliwe. Izinkampani zenethiwekhi ziye zashiswa ngaphambili ngenxa yokungafani phakathi kwalokho okushiwo yisimemezelo sebhethri nalokho okwafakwa ngempela ebhokisini, futhi manje zengeza ukuhlola okwengeziwe ikakhulukazi ukuze zibambe leso sikhala.
Ukupakisha, Ukulebula, kanye Neqiniso Elibonakalayo Le-DG Cargo
Amaphepha amahle awakwenzi kube lula ukupakisha okungafanele. Ukupakisha kwangaphandle kwezimpahla eziyingozi kumele kuphawulwe ngenombolo efanele ye-UN, Igama Lokuthumela Elifanele, idayimane lesigaba sengozi elifanele, futhi uma kuthunyelwa ibhethri, uphawu lokuphatha ibhethri le-lithium oluzinikele, olusebenza futhi emthwalweni we-sodium-ion. Amalebula kumele afundeke okungenani ezinhlangothini ezimbili eziphikisanayo zephakheji futhi emthwalweni we-DG ofakwe esitsheni, izimpawu kumele zibe sezinhlangothini eziningi zebhokisi, hhayi eyodwa kuphela.
Ukubhala amalebula kubaluleke njengokuhlukanisa. Ama-compound angahambisani awakwazi ukuthwalwa ndawonye esitsheni esifanayo futhi i-IMDG Code inethebula eliningiliziwe lokuhlukanisa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yimaphi amakilasi engozi angaba eduze komunye nomunye. Kumpahla ye-DG, ukufaka isitsha esitsheni ngokuvamile kufanele kwenziwe endaweni yokugcina impahla elawulwa yintela kunokuba kwenziwe endaweni yokulayisha evamile yasefektri, futhi ngaphambi kokuba iminyango ivalwe kufanelekile ukuthatha izithombe zangaphakathi kwesitsha, wonke amalebula kanye nenombolo yophawu. Uma kwenzeka kuvela isimangalo somonakalo wempahla noma impikiswano mayelana nokuthobela imithetho, lezo zithombe ziwubufakazi obuwusizo kakhulu onabo.
Kuhle ukufaka iqhwa elomile lapha, njengoba abathumeli bevame ukulithatha kancane. Uma lishisa likhipha igesi ye-carbon dioxide engakha ingcindezi esitsheni esivaliwe noma idale ingozi yokufuduka komoya-mpilo endaweni evalekile. Ngisho noma umthwalo oyinhloko wokuthunyelwa ungalawulwa ngenye indlela, ukusetshenziswa kweqhwa elomile njengesibandisi kungasebenzisa yonke imithethonqubo yokuphatha izimpahla eyingozi.
Yimaphi Amachweba aseShayina Azokwamukela Ngempela Imithwalo Yakho Eyingozi
Lesi yisici esiphuthelwa yiziqondisi eziningi, futhi mhlawumbe esibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Amachweba amabili angase athi angathatha isigaba esithile sengozi, kodwa empeleni azoziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu, ngoba ekugcineni ukwamukelwa kuncike kwinqubomgomo ethile yesiteshi, umthamo wesitoreji okhona kanye nokuthi iziphathimandla zendawo zisanda kuqeda kanjani ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuphepha. Uhlaka olungezansi lusekelwe ezindleleni ezibanzi eziya ku-2026, kodwa inqubomgomo yempahla eyingozi echwebeni elithile laseShayina ingashintsha ngaphandle kwesaziso esincane somphakathi, ngakho-ke cabanga ngalokhu njengendawo yokuqala yokuxoxa nomuntu othumelayo hhayi isiqinisekiso.
| I-Port / I-Terminal Cluster | Ukwamukelwa Kwekilasi Lengozi Ejwayelekile | Amanothi Awusizo |
| I-Shanghai (Yangshan / Waigaoqiao) | Ububanzi obubanzi, kodwa buyahlukahluka ngesiphelo kanye ne-berth | Kudinga umbiko wokuhlonza amakhemikhali ayingozi kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwezingxenye othunyelwe cishe ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokufika komkhumbi. Inkungu yasebusika ezungeze indawo ejulile yaseYangshan ingacindezela amafasitela angena ngaphakathi. |
| I-Ningbo-Zhoushan | Ukwamukelwa okubanzi kufaka phakathi umthwalo webhethri le-lithium | Ifaneleka kahle abathumeli bangaphandle abavela eZhejiang. Ama-terminal lapha adinga imibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-UN38.3 kukho konke ukubhukha kwebhethri le-lithium kusukela ngo-2025, futhi ukuphoqelelwa kuvame ukuhambisana kunokuba kube okwesizini. |
| I-Shenzhen (Yantian / Chiwan / Shekou) | Amakilasi 2.2, 3, 5.1, 8, kanye no-9 kuma-terminal amaningi asebenzisa i-DG | Akuzona zonke izindawo zokuhlala eShenzhen cluster eziphatha izimpahla eziyingozi, futhi isitsha esilungile kwesinye isiteshi singajikiswa kwesinye amakhilomitha ambalwa phansi komgwaqo. Qinisekisa njalo ezingeni lesiteshi, hhayi nje ezingeni le-port. |
| Qingdao | Iqinile kumakhemikhali, amabhethri, kanye nemithwalo ye-DG yezimboni esindayo | Ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kokuzenzakalela kunciphise ukujikeleza kwemikhumbi, futhi umthamo wokugcina impahla we-DG ozinikele uye wanda, okusiza ngokwenqatshwa kwemikhawulo yokugcina ngesikhathi sesizini ephezulu. |
| Xiamen | Kunqunyelwe, futhi kuncipha kwezinye iziteshi ezingaphansi | Ezinye iziteshi ezincane endaweni yaseXiamen ziyekile ukuphatha izimpahla eziyingozi eminyakeni edlule. Ungacabangi ukuthi umzila wonyaka odlule usasebenza; qinisekisa kabusha i-sub-terminal ethile ngaphambi kokuthi ubhukhe. |
| Tianjin / Xingang | Icala ngalinye, ngokuvamile liqinile kunezindawo zokungena eziseningizimu | Amachweba asenyakatho abe nezinqubomgomo eziqinile ze-hazmat kusukela kwenzeka isigameko sechweba esaziwa kahle ngo-2015, futhi ukuvunyelwa lapha kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kuhilela izendlalelo eziningi zokubuyekezwa kwendawo. |
| I-Guangzhou (Nansha) | Okumaphakathi nokukhula | Inketho ewusizo yabathumeli bamakhemikhali namabhethri baseNingizimu China lapho izindawo zokulala zaseYantian zibhukhiwe ngokugcwele noma isigaba esithile sezingozi sinqunyelwe okwesikhashana lapho. |
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe ngale kwetafula. Amachweba aseningizimu azungeze iPearl River Delta, ikakhulukazi iShenzhen cluster, avame ukuba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha abakhiqizi abaningi bamabhethri nama-elekthronikhi baseNingizimu China, kodwa lokho kusebenza kuqondene ngqo ne-terminal, hhayi i-port yonke. Amachweba asempumalanga azungeze iShanghai neNingbo anenani elikhulu kakhulu lempahla kanye nengqalasizinda yezimpahla eziyingozi kakhulu ehunyushwa ngokusebenza njengokwamukelwa okubikezelwayo kodwa okubhalwe phansi kakhulu. Amachweba asenyakatho, ngezinye izikhathi anezikhathi ezinde zokukhokha, avame ukuhlala egcina izinto ngendlela ehlelekile ngemuva kokuqhuma okukhulu kwechweba ngo-2015 okwachaza kabusha inqubomgomo ye-hazmat kulo lonke isifunda.
Lapho ichweba elithandwayo lingathandi ukwamukela isigaba esithile sengozi, iHong Kong ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yindawo ehlukile yokuhambisa impahla eqondiswe kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa asezwenikazi. Ukushintsha ukuthunyelwa kusuka ku-LCL kuya kumthwalo ogcwele wesitsha kungathuthukisa namathuba okwamukelwa, njengoba ama-terminal amaningi esebenzisa imikhawulo ekhululekile ezimpahleni eziyingozi ze-FCL kunokuhlanganisa imithwalo ye-LCL ehlanganyela isitsha nokuthunyelwa okungahlobene.
Amabhethri e-Lithium: Isigaba Esiphazamisa Cishe Wonke Umuntu
Amabhethri e-lithium afanele isigaba sawo njengoba ewumthombo omkhulu wezinkinga zokuthunyelwa kwe-DG ezivela eShayina, ngobuningi. IShayina isahamba phambili emhlabeni ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kwamaseli e-lithium, amaphakethe ebhethri namadivayisi asebenza ngamabhethri, futhi indawo yokulawula ezungeze le mikhiqizo ishintshe kakhulu ngaphambi kuka-2026.
Isimo sokushaja sibaluleke kakhulu. Amabhethri alethwa ngomoya ngokuvamile anqunyelwe esimweni sokushaja esingamaphesenti angu-30, futhi noma yini engaphezu kwamahora angu-100 watt ayivunyelwe ngokuphelele ezindizeni zabagibeli, ihamba kuphela ezindizeni ezizinikele zokuthwala impahla. Amachweba amaningi athambile kakhulu esimweni sokushaja esingamaphesenti angu-30. impahla yasolwandle, nokho ezinye iziphetho nazo zikhawulela cishe kumaphesenti angu-30. Ezinye zivumela ububanzi obukhulu kuye ngokuthi iqembu lokupakisha kanye nobuningi obuhilelekile.
Imithetho emibili emisha yasekhaya yaseShayina inikeza ungqimba olusha olukhethekile emthwalweni webhethri: olulodwa luphathelene nokuphepha kwebhethri le-lithium elithwalwa ngemikhumbi, kanti olunye luphathelene nokuhamba kwemikhiqizo yebhethri ngezindlela eziningi, zombili zaqala ukusebenza kusukela ngo-2026. Umphumela oyinhloko wemfuneko yokuhlola ye-UN38.3 yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezigaba zebhethri ze-IMDG ezibuyekeziwe ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwebhethri manje sekuhlolwe kakhulu ekuqaleni kwenqubo, ngokuvamile esigabeni sokubhuka, kunezinkinga ezivela kuphela lapho impahla ifika esigungwini.
Ukukhetha Umthumeli Ongakwazi Ukuhambisa Izimpahla Eziyingozi Ngempela
Ukuhambisa izimpahla eziyingozi kungenye yezibonelo ezicacile lapho ukukhetha ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kushintsha khona imiphumela, hhayi nje izindleko. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abaqinisekiswe yi-DG abakwazi ukusayina ngokusemthethweni isimemezelo se-IMDG. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kobudlelwano obuqinile endaweni ethile ngokuvamile ngeke kuthole impendulo ecacile mayelana nokuthi leyo ndawo izothatha isigaba esithile sengozi kule nyanga, ingasaphathwa eyokuleli sonto.
Izinto ezincane ezinjalo zokusebenza ziyisisekelo somkhuba wokuthutha nge-e-commerce we-Topway Shipping enendlunkulu yaseShenzhen, ebilokhu isebenza kusukela ngo-2010. Ithimba elisungule linolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 kwezokuthutha kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla zangaphandle kanye nobuchwepheshe obujulile emigwaqweni yezokuthutha yaseShayina-US enezinto eziningi zebhethri kanye nezimpahla zikagesi zabathengi. I-Topway Shipping ingamboza lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha kusukela ekuthuthweni kwemayela lokuqala kusuka efektri kanye nokugcinwa kwezimpahla zangaphandle kuya ekususweni kwezimpahla zangaphandle kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi kungalandelwa futhi kulungiswe kuzo zonke izinyathelo, hhayi nje kuphela phakathi kwamaqembu angaxhunyiwe abona umlenze owodwa wohambo.
Kwabathumeli ngaphandle abacabangela i-FCL vs. LCL lapho bebhuka izimpahla eziyingozi, i-Topway Shipping inikeza izinsizakalo zokuthutha olwandle eziguquguqukayo ezithwala umthwalo ogcwele kanye nomthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha kusuka eShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kubalulekile ngemithwalo ye-hazmat ngoba izinqubomgomo zesiteshi zivame ukuthanda ukubhukha kwe-FCL kuneziqukathi ezabiwe. Kukhona futhi inzuzo esebenzayo yokusebenza nomthengisi osuselwe eShenzhen kulabo abathumela ngaphandle kwesisekelo sokukhiqiza sasePearl River Delta - eduze kwezikhumulo ngokwazo kusho izimpendulo ezisheshayo lapho inqubomgomo ye-DG yendawo ethile ishintsha, kunesiqondiso esijwayelekile okungenzeka ukuthi sesiphelelwe yisikhathi kakade.
Amaphutha Avamile Abangela Ukubhukha Kwenqatshwe
Amaphutha ambalwa afanayo angagwenywa abangela inani elimangazayo lokwenqatshwa kwe-DG. Inkinga evame kakhulu mhlawumbe ukuhlukaniswa kabi komkhiqizo njengomthwalo ojwayelekile njengoba kungekho muntu obheke i-SDS eduze ngokwanele, futhi ivame ukuvela ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu, ngemva kokuba isitsha sesigcwele ngokuphelele futhi ukubhukha umkhumbi sekuqediwe.
Ngemuva kukhona ukucushwa kwebhethri okungafani. I-terminal ingayenqaba ukuthunyelwa noma iyibeke uphawu ukuze kuphenywe uma ithi ukucushwa kwephakethe elilodwa futhi ibhokisi linokulungiswa okuhlukile, ngisho nokungafani okuncane ekubalweni kwamaseli noma ezintambo, isibonelo. Imibhalo ekhona ngokwemfundiso kodwa engahambisani—njenge-SDS ebhekisela kuhlelo oludala lwe-IMDG noma isitifiketi sokupakisha esandulela ukugcwaliswa kwangempela—idala ukukhathazeka okufanayo, okubonisa umbuyekezi ukuthi okuthile okusephepheni akuzange kubuyekezwe kahle.
Esinye isici esibangela ukubambezeleka ukucabanga ukuthi umzila wonyaka odlule usasebenza. Inqubomgomo yaseShayina ye-port and terminal hazmat ilandele indlela yokuhamba ngaphandle kwesaziso somphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi iqina ngemuva kwesigameko sokuphepha esingaxhumene noma kuphi ezweni, ngezinye izikhathi iyancipha njengoba umthamo omusha we-DG wokugcina impahla utholakala. Okwasebenza ngokwethembeka ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili ezedlule akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi kuzosebenza namuhla.
Isiphetho
Ukuthumela ngempumelelo izinto eziyingozi ezivela eShayina kumayelana nokusondela ekuhambisaneni nemithetho njengenqubo eqala ezingeni lokuthola impahla, hhayi njengefomu lokugcwalisa ngaphambi nje kokubhukha. Ukuthola inombolo ye-UN kanye negama lokuthumela elifanele lilungile, ukuhlanganisa isethi ephelele nehambisanayo yangaphakathi yamadokhumenti, ukupakisha nokulebula ngokunembile ngokwemithetho ye-IMDG noma ye-IATA, futhi - okubaluleke kakhulu - ukuqinisekisa ichweba elithile kanye netheminali ezothatha impahla kule nyanga, kunokuthembela ekucabangeni okudala, kunquma ndawonye ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kuphuma ngesikhathi noma kuhlala egcekeni elifaka izindleko zokugcina.
Ngenxa yokuthi inqubomgomo yokwamukela emachwebeni aseShayina ingashintsha ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso esiningi, indlela ephephile kakhulu ukusebenzisa umuntu othumela impahla onolwazi lwamanje, olusemhlabathini mayelana nenqubomgomo yezinga lokugcina kunokuba ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokulawula. Lokho kuthunyelwa kungaba inani lamaphakethe ebhethri le-lithium, umkhiqizo we-aerosol noma ikhemikhali okwatholakala ngesonto eledlule kuphela ukuthi idinga inombolo ye-UN nhlobo. Kodwa ukuthola ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhanjiswa ngaphambi kokuba isitsha silayishwe kusashibhile kakhulu kunokusilungisa ngemva kokwenqatshwa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
U: Ngingathumela imikhiqizo yebhethri le-lithium evela eShayina ngaphandle kombiko wokuhlolwa we-UN38.3?
A: Hhayi kuzo zonke izimo. Kusukela ngo-2025, amachweba afana ne-Ningbo abelokhu ecela imibhalo ye-UN38.3 yokubhukha amabhethri e-lithium, futhi iningi lamachweba amakhulu aseShayina manje lilindele ukuthi kube yinto evamile kokubili ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kanye nezindiza.
Q: Ingabe kushibhile ukuthumela izimpahla eziyingozi olwandle noma ngendiza kusuka eShayina?
A: Ngokuvamile, ulwandle lushibhile kakhulu ezintweni eziyingozi - ngokuvamile lushibhile ngokuphindwe kahlanu kuya kweziyishumi kunomoya wempahla efanayo. Kodwa umoya usafaneleka ekuthunyelweni kwamabhethri amancane, aphuthumayo angaba ngu-800kg ahlangabezana nezidingo zesimo esinzima.
Q: Ingabe zonke iziteshi ngaphakathi kwechweba elilodwa laseShayina zamukela izinhlobo ezifanayo zezingozi?
A: Cha, akunjalo nhlobo. Ukwamukelwa kusezingeni lesiphelo, hhayi izinga lechweba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isigaba sengozi esivunyelwe endaweni eyodwa echwebeni njengeShenzhen noma iShanghai singanqunyelwa noma senqatshwe kwesinye isiphelo edolobheni elifanayo lechweba.
U: Kwenzekani uma umkhiqizo wami uphenduka izimpahla eziyingozi ngemva kokuthi sengiwubhukile njengomthwalo ojwayelekile?
A: Ngokuvamile ukubhukha kuzonqatshwa noma kumiswe uma kutholwa ukungafani futhi ukuthunyelwa kufanele kuhlelwe kabusha, kupakishwe kabusha futhi kubhalwe kabusha ngaphambi kokuba kuthuthwe okuvame ukubangela ukubambezeleka kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlukaniswa ngendlela efanele ekuqaleni.
U: Ingabe umthengisi wezimpahla ongenaso isitifiketi se-DG angakwazi ukusingatha ukuthunyelwa kwami okuyingozi?
A: Cha. Izimemezelo zezimpahla eziyingozi ze-IMDG kanye ne-IATA zingasayinwa kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe nabaqinisekisiwe abanokuqeqeshwa kanye nesitifiketi esithile sezimpahla eziyingozi. Umuntu osayinayo ongaqeqeshiwe futhi ongaqinisekisiwe ngezimpahla eziyingozi angase aqede amadokhumenti alokho kuthunyelwa.
