Izinselele Zentela ZasePeru Ngesikhathi Se-CNY: Okudingeka Abathumeli Bempahla Bakwazi
Isingeniso
Njalo ngonyaka, uNyaka Omusha WaseShayina (i-CNY) ushintsha indlela ukuhweba okuhamba ngayo emhlabeni wonke. Amafektri ancipha noma avalwa, amachweba asebenza ngesikhala esincane, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kwempahla ephuma eShayina ngaphambi nangemva kweholide. Lesi sikhathi samaholide singazizwa singesona esokugubha kodwa sibe njengesivivinyo sokucindezeleka ezindleleni zabo zokunikezela zabangenisi basePeru, ikakhulukazi labo abathola izimpahla eziningi ezivela eShayina.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukuhwebelana kwePeru neShayina kukhuphuke ngokushesha, ngenxa yemizila emisha yokuthumela impahla kanye namaphrojekthi amakhulu engqalasizinda njengechweba laseChancay. Lezi zinguquko zenze izikhathi zokuhamba zaba zifushane futhi zadala izinketho ezintsha, kodwa azivimbeli izinkinga zesizini ezilethwa yi-CNY. Eqinisweni, imizila esheshayo ngezinye izikhathi ingenza ingozi ibe yimbi kakhulu ngokuletha imithwalo eminingi emafasiteleni amafushane nokubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe emithethweni yamasiko, ezikhumulweni zechweba, kanye nasezindaweni zokuthutha zangaphakathi.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abathumeli kudingeka baqaphele izinto ezimbili ezenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukushaqeka kokusebenza eShayina kanye nemithetho elawula amasiko asePeru. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi i-CNY ithinta kanjani ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ePeru, lapho kwenzeka khona ukubambezeleka okubi kakhulu kwamasiko, nokuthi ukulungiselela okuhlakaniphile ngosizo lwabahlinzeki bezokuthutha abanolwazi kungagcina imikhiqizo iqhubeka ngisho nalapho wonke umuntu ebhajwe emgqeni.
Indlela Ukuphazamiseka Kwe-CNY eShayina Okusakazeka Ngayo EPeru
UNyaka Omusha WaseShayina awuwona nje umzuzu wokuphumula. Umjikelezo wokuncipha kwejubane, ukuvalwa, kanye nokululama ohlala amasonto amaningi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokukhiqiza nezokuthutha zase-Asia. Ngaphambi kweholide elisemthethweni, amafektri avame ukuncipha, amachweba nezindawo zokugcina impahla zinezisebenzi ezimbalwa, futhi izisebenzi eziningi zokuthutha zithatha amaholide amade. Ngaphambi kweholide, kuba nemithwalo eminingi, bese kuba nekhefu, bese kuba nokunyuka okunye ngemva kwalokho.
Kwabathumeli abathumela izimpahla ePeru, le mijikelezo isho ukuthi izinsuku zokuhamba zivame ukungacaci, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kuvame ukubhukwa ngokweqile, futhi amashejuli ashintsha njalo. Abathwali bangase bagibele izitsha emikhunjini yakamuva, balungise ukuhleleka kwemikhumbi, noma bayeke ngokuphelele ukuma kwemikhumbi. Lokhu kungase kwengeze amasonto okungaqinisekile emazingeni aphezulu kakade okuminyana emachwebeni amakhulu ase-Asia.
Igagasi lisaqhubeka phezu kwePacific. Ngemva kwe-CNY, amachweba asePeru, ikakhulukazi iCallao neChancay, athola imithwalo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa njengoba ukuthunyelwa okubambezelekile ekugcineni kuhamba futhi kufika ngamaqembu. Abasebenzi be-terminal kufanele babhekane nezikhathi lapho igceke ligcwele khona, kanti izikhulu zentela kufanele zibhekane nokwanda okungazelelwe kwezimemezelo nokuhlolwa. Akuyona nje isikhathi esithathayo ukufika lapho; kodwa futhi nendlela okubikezelwa ngayo. Ngisho nenqubo elula yentela ingaba nzima kakhulu uma izinto zifika ngesikhathi esifushane.
Lapho benza amapulani, abangenisi kufanele bacabange ngezigaba esikhundleni sezinsuku. Kungcono ukubona ukuphazamiseka njengokuthi kuqala cishe amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ngaphambi kweholide futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube okungenani amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokuvulwa kwamafektri futhi, kunokumane ucabange “ngesonto le-CNY.” Ithebula elingezansi libonisa lo mjikelezo ngokombono womngenisi oya ePeru.
| Isigaba se-CNY | Isikhathi Esilinganiselwe (uma siqhathaniswa neholide) | Isimo e-China | Umthelela Ojwayelekile Ekuthunyelweni Okuya ePeru |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukushesha Kwasekuqaleni | -4 kuya ku-2 amasonto | Amafektri asheshisa ukukhiqiza futhi akhipha ama-oda okugcina; amachweba aqala ukuminyana. | Amanani aphezulu emithwalo, indawo encane, ingozi yokubhukha idluliselwe emikhunjini yakamuva. |
| Isikhathi Sokuvala | -Isonto eli-1 kuya ku-+isonto eli-1 | Amafektri amaningi kanye nabahlinzeki bezokuthutha bavale noma basebenza kancane; intela kanye namachweba ngenxa yokuncipha kwabasebenzi. | Ukushelela okumbalwa okusha, amashejuli angazinzile, ingozi eyengeziwe yokukhanselwa noma ukubambezeleka ngomzuzu wokugcina. |
| Umlando Wokungemuva Kweholide | +1 kuya ku-+3 amasonto | Amafektri aqala kabusha kancane kancane; avala amabhokisi aqongelelwe; abasebenzi basalokhu bengaphansi kwesilinganiso kweminye imikhakha. | Ukuqoqwa kwemikhumbi efika ePeru, ukubambezeleka kokuhamba, amathuba amakhulu okuthutha impahla kanye nokuminyana egcekeni. |
Indawo Yamasiko YasePeru Yokungenisa Izimpahla Ezivela EShayina
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izimpahla ezilethwa ePeru zilandela imithetho kazwelonke, imithethonqubo, kanye nemithetho, kumele zidlule ezinqubweni ezisemthethweni zokukhishwa kwempahla. I-SUNAT (Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria) iyi-ejensi enkulu ephethe le nqubo. Iphethe intela kanye nempahla yasekhaya. I-SUNAT isebenzisana neziphathimandla zamachweba kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezibhekene nezempilo, izitshalo, kanye nemikhiqizo ethile.
Isivinini sokukhishwa kweziqukathi zokuthunyelwa kusuka eShayina kuya ePeru sincike endleleni lezi zinhlangano ezisebenzisana ngayo. Abathengisi bentela noma ama-ejenti bavame ukufaka isimemezelo, bahlele ukuhlolwa, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi wonke amaphepha ahambisana nezindinganiso zasePeru. Abangenisi abanezakwethu abangasebenzi ndawonye noma amaphepha angahlelekile bavame ukuthola imithwalo yabo ibambeke enkingeni yemibuzo, ukuhlolwa kabusha, kanye nemali yokugcina.
Ikhwalithi yamadokhumenti ibaluleke kakhulu. Amasiko asePeru avame ukucela iSimemezelo Sempahla Yamasiko (esibizwa nangokuthi i-DAM/DUA), i-invoyisi yebhizinisi enezincazelo ezithile zomkhiqizo, uhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading, kanye, uma kudingeka, nezitifiketi zemvelaphi kanye nokuhambisana. Ungadinga izimvume ezengeziwe zezinto ezibucayi okuhlanganisa ukudla, izimonyo, izinto zikagesi, kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha.
Ngokombono we-CNY, inkinga akukhona ukuthi iPeru ishintsha amazinga ayo; ukuthi abahlinzeki baseShayina kanye nabathengisi bangaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yesikhathi. Abantu bavame ukulinda kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina ukuze babhale phansi ulwazi, okuholela emaphutheni amaningi. Ngezikhathi zokuthula, izikhulu zamasiko zingakwazi ukunganaki iphutha lekhodi ye-HS, incazelo yomkhiqizo engacacile, noma izinsimbi ezingahambisani phakathi kohlu lokupakisha kanye ne-bill of lading. Kodwa ngesikhathi seziqongo zangemva kwe-CNY, lapho izikhulu zamasiko zibhekene nomsebenzi omningi, lolu hlobo lwamaphutha lungase luholele ekuhlolweni noma ekubuyekezweni kwenani.
Lapho Izithiyo Zentela Zivame Ukuvela Ngesikhathi Se-CNY
Abangenisi ngokuvamile akudingeki babhekane nesenzakalo esisodwa esikhulu esibangela ukubambezeleka okukhulu. Kunalokho, kwenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga eziningi ezincane eziba khona. Ngesikhathi se-CNY, lezi zinkinga zivame ukuvela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo ilungile, ukuthola ukuthi kunobungozi obungakanani, nokuthi kungenziwa ukuhlolwa okungaki.
Ngaphambi kokuba impahla ifike ePeru, enye yezinkinga zokuqala iqala ukuvela. Uma abahlinzeki benikeza amakhodi e-HS angamanga noma amanani aphansi ukuze bazame ukugcina intela iphansi, izinjini zezingozi ze-SUNAT cishe zizomaka ukuthunyelwa lapho kufika. Uma lokho kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwanda kwevolumu okubangelwa yi-CNY, ifayela lingahlala emgqeni izinsuku eziningi ngenkathi iziphathimandla zicela ulwazi olwengeziwe, amaphepha, noma ngisho nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Izimali zokugcina kanye nezimali zokunciphisa izindleko zingadla ngokushesha noma yikuphi "ukonga" okutholayo ngokwenza izimemezelo ezinolaka.
Enye inkinga ukungenisa okudinga ukulawulwa okwengeziwe, njengokudla, iziphuzo, kanye nezinto zezolimo okumele ziphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezempilo noma kwezempilo. Ngaphambi kokuthi uthenge lezi zinto, kungadingeka ubhalise, wenze ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, noma uthole isitifiketi esithile. Uma noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungekho noma kungekho ngendlela efanele, i-ejensi enesibopho ingagcina ama-container kuze kube yilapho ehlolwa. Uma kunezinhlangano eziningi ezihilelekile, ukuthola imvume yokusebenzisana kungaba nzima kakhulu ngezikhathi ezimatasa.
I-Peru ikhokhisa i-18% IGV (Impuesto General a las Ventas, efana ne-VAT) ekuthunyelweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kusekelwe enanini le-CIF kanye nanoma yiziphi izintela ezisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi se-CNY ephezulu, noma yimiphi imibuzo ephathelene nenani, izaphulelo, noma indlela yokuhlukanisa imithwalo ingabangela izingxabano ngesisekelo se-IGV. Ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zikhululwe, lezo zingxabano kumele zixazululwe. Abathumeli bempahla abangakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi bafike kanjani nenani elithile elibikiwe ngokushesha kungadingeka balinde ukuthunyelwa kwabo kuze kube yilapho kuvunyelwana ngokuhlolwa okusha.
Okokugcina, nansi ichweba uqobo. Ngemva kwe-CNY, lapho iqembu lemikhumbi elibazisekile lifika eCallao noma eChancay, kuba nobuningi obukhulu begceke, futhi abaphathi bezindawo zokugcina impahla kufanele babhekane nendawo encane. Kungathatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukuthola, ukudlulisa, nokukhipha izitsha, noma ngabe intela iqeda ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzwakala njengokulinda okuphindwe kabili kwabangenisi: okokuqala entela bese kuba sesikhumulweni. Ukuze uvimbele ukuchitha izinsuku ezengeziwe phansi, kubalulekile ukuhlela kahle amaphepha, ukuxhumanisa abadayisi, kanye namalungiselelo amaloli.
Ukubhala Nokuthobela Imithetho: Ukuthola Okufanele Okokuqala
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukubambezeleka kwentela ngesikhathi se-CNY nayo ayijabulisi kakhulu: ukwenza amaphepha akho ngokucophelela. Esikhathini lapho wonke umuntu ochungechungeni eshesha khona, umngenisi othatha isikhathi sokuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kucacile futhi kuyahambisana nemithetho ngaphambi kokuba iholide livelele.
Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yimaphi ama-oda okuthenga, kungumqondo omuhle ukubheka amakhodi e-HS. Izinto eziningi ezivela eShayina, ikakhulukazi izinto zikagesi, izingxenye ezisele, kanye nezimpahla ezihlanganisiwe, zingangena ezigabeni ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ngasinye sinemithetho yaso kanye namazinga entela. Uma uvumelana ngekhodi ye-HS efanele nomthengisi wakho wezimpahla zamakhasimende ePeru kusenesikhathi, uzoqinisekisa ukuthi ama-invoyisi ebhizinisi lakho, uhlu lokupakisha, kanye nezimemezelo zamakhasimende konke kuyavumelana kusukela ekuqaleni.
Inani lemininingwane ku-invoyisi yezentengiselwano nalo libaluleke kakhulu. Amagama anjengokuthi “idivayisi kagesi” noma “into yepulasitiki” ajwayelekile kakhulu ayisibonakaliso sesixwayiso. Ukucaciswa kuhamba kahle kakhulu futhi izinga lengozi elibonwayo liyehla uma kunemininingwane eningiliziwe, izinombolo zemodeli, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. I-invoyisi ehlelwe kahle ingasho umehluko phakathi kokuthola isibani esiluhlaza esizenzakalelayo kanye nokukhokhela ukuhlolwa lapho i-CNY ifika futhi abahloli bamasiko bengenaso isikhathi.
Imithetho yasePeru kufanele isebenze nasezitifiketini zomsuka kanye nokuthobela imithetho. Uma izimpahla zakho zithola ukuvikelwa kwentela ekhethekile ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuhweba, amaphutha emaphepheni omsuka angase akubize imali eningi. Amasiko angase enqabe ukukhetha futhi akhokhise amasiko aphelele, noma angase agcine izimpahla kuze kube yilapho kunikezwa isitifiketi esibuyekeziwe. Awufuni ukuba nale mpikiswano lapho imikhumbi eminingi ifika ilandela i-CNY.
Ithebula elingezansi libala amaphepha abalulekile kanye nezingozi ezihlukile eziba zimbi kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi se-CNY.
| Idokhumenti | Inhloso Eyinhloko | Ingozi Yesizini Ye-CNY Uma Ingalungiselelwanga Kahle |
|---|---|---|
| Isimemezelo Sempahla Yamasiko (i-DAM/DUA) | Ukufaka okuyinhloko ne-SUNAT, okumemezela uhlobo, inani, kanye nemvelaphi yezimpahla. | Ukungahlelwa kahle noma amasimu angaphelele kubangela ukubuyekezwa, okubambezela ukususwa ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu. |
| I-invoyisi yezentengiso | Imininingwane yemikhiqizo, amanani, imigomo yokuthengisa. | Izincazelo ezingacacile noma amanani angalingani aholela ezingxabanweni zokulinganisa kanye namathuba aphezulu okuhlola. |
| Uhlu lokupakisha | Icacisa inani, isisindo, kanye nemininingwane yokupakisha. | Umehluko nge-bill of lading noma i-physical cargo uholela ekuhlolweni okwengeziwe noma ekulinganisweni kabusha kwesisindo. |
| I-Bill of Lading / AWB | Ubufakazi bokuthi imoto ithuthwa kanye nobunikazi bayo. | Ukukhishwa noma izichibiyelo sekwephuzile kwenza kube nzima ukufaka amafomu entela, ikakhulukazi uma amashejuli emikhumbi eshintsha cishe nge-CNY. |
| Izitifiketi (Imvelaphi, Ukuhambisana, Impilo, njll.) | Bonisa ukuhambisana nezintandokazi zentela noma imithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe. | Izitifiketi ezingekho noma ezingalungile zivimba ukukhishwa kwezimpahla ezibucayi futhi zingase zingasebenzi ngamanani akhethekile. |
Impahla Ezwela Isikhathi: Imikhiqizo Emisha, Izinto Zogesi, kanye Nezohwebo Nge-E
Akuzona zonke izimpahla ezithintwa yizinkinga zentela ezihlobene ne-CNY ngendlela efanayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo cishe zingonakala ngenxa yokuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi zishintsha kangaki, noma ukuthi amakhasimende afunani.
Izithako zokudla kanye nezinto zokulima ezidinga ukugcinwa zintsha futhi zisezingeni lokushisa elifanele azikwazi ukuhlala echwebeni isikhathi eside. I-Peru yaziwa ngokuthumela izithelo ezifana nama-blueberry nama-avokhado eShayina, kodwa amanye amabhizinisi asePeru nawo athenga izimpahla zokudla, amakhemikhali, kanye nokupakishwa okuvela e-Asia. Usuku ngalunye olwengeziwe oluchithwa yile mpahla egcekeni eligcwele abantu noma ngaphansi kwemingcele yentela kwenza ingozi yokonakala, izikhalazo zekhwalithi, kanye nezingxabano zomshuwalense ibe phezulu. Ichweba elisha laseChancay lenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi imikhumbi ihambe phakathi kweShayina nePeru ngokushesha nangokuqondile. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi esithathwa yimikhumbi ukufika lapho iya khona, kodwa kwenza kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi ukuvunyelwa kwentela kulungele ukuhamba ngokushesha nje lapho umkhumbi ufika.
Izinto zikagesi, izingubo, neminye imikhiqizo ethandwayo njengamanje isengozini ehlukile. Lapho izinkathi zonyaka noma imijikelezo yamamodeli ishintsha, inani lazo liyehla ngokushesha. Ukuthunyelwa kwamagajethi abathengi okuphuzile ngamasonto amathathu ngenxa yezinkinga zamasiko kanye nethrafikhi ngesikhathi soNyaka Omusha WaseShayina kungase kuphuthelwe izikhathi zokuthengisa eziphakeme noma kudlulwe yizinguqulo ezintsha. Ezimweni eziningi, noma ngabe amanani entela kanye nezintela ekugcineni zikhokhwa kahle, ithuba lebhizinisi selidlulile kakade.
Amaphakheji e-e-commerce awela imingcele angaba yinkimbinkimbi ngoba avame ukumenyezelwa ngaphansi kwemithetho elula noma ahlanganiswe ekuthunyelweni ngobuningi. Lapho ama-oda enyuka cishe ngoNyaka Omusha WaseShayina, kungaba ngenxa yama-oda angaphambi kweholide noma ukuphinda kufakwe impahla ngemva kweholide, abahlanganisi kanye nabaqhubi be-last-mile kufanele babhekane nokuthunyelwa okuncane okuningi. Amasiko anganciphisa ijubane noma amise ukuthunyelwa okuphelele uma idatha ingalungile, njengokungathi ubunikazi bomamukeli abukho noma izincazelo zomkhiqizo zivamile kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathengisi banezikhalazo mayelana nensizakalo kanye nengcindezi yokubuyisela imali, ikakhulukazi lapho amakhasimende ejwayele ukulethwa ngokushesha.
Ukuhlela Okuhlelekile: Ukwakha Ikhalenda Lokungenisa Elingenazo I-CNY
Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga, abanye abathumeli bacabanga ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokubhekana nazo “ukugwema i-CNY ngokuphelele.” Kodwa emabhizinisini amaningi athembele kubaphakeli baseShayina, lokhu akunakwenzeka. Ukwakha ikhalenda elingavimbeli i-CNY elilindele izinkinga futhi elinezela ama-buffers esigabeni ngasinye kuyindlela ehlakaniphile yokuhamba.
Indlela enhle yokuhlela ukuqala ngosuku okudingeka ube sesitolo sokugcina impahla ePeru bese usebenza indlela yakho yokubuyela emuva. Okokuqala, thola ukuthi izinto zidinga ukutholakala nini ukuze zithengiswe noma zikhiqizwe. Bese, engeza isikhathi esingokoqobo sokuthutha amaloli ngaphakathi, ukususwa kwezimpahla zasekhaya, ukuphathwa kwetheku, kanye nokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Uma leso sisekelo sesimisiwe, engeza izigaba ze-CNY phezu kwaso bese ushintsha izinsuku kuma-oda akho okuthenga njengoba kudingeka. Ezintweni ezibalulekile, kuvame ukuba nomqondo ukwenyusa izinsuku zokuthunyelwa ngamasonto ambalwa, noma ngabe kusho ukuthwala isitokwe esengeziwe okwesikhashana.
Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuxhumana nabathengisi. Abakhiqizi abaningi batshela amakhasimende abo ngezinhlelo zabo zokuvala i-CNY kusasele izinyanga. Lezi zinhlelo zifaka phakathi izinsuku zokugcina zoku-oda kanye nezinsuku zokuqedwa kokuthunyelwa. Abangenisi ababandakanyeka kusenesikhathi bangaba phambili ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza noma emafasiteleni okulayisha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Abantu abalinda kuze kube uJanuwari ukuze babuze ukuthi bangakanani ngokuvamile kufanele balinde kuze kube ngemva kwamaholide ukuze bathole ama-oda abo.
Ngaphambi kwe-CNY, kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nomthengisi wakho wezimpahla zasekhaya kanye nomthengisi wezimpahla ePeru ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu usesimeni esifanayo. Ukubazisa ngenani olilindele nokuthi ufuna bafike nini kubenza bahlelele abasebenzi, ukwabiwa kwezimoto, kanye nokugeleza kwemali yentela kanye nezimali. Lapho wonke umuntu ochungechungeni eyazi ama-SKU akho abaluleke kakhulu kanye nezinsuku zokugcina, bangaqiniseka ukuthi bayawaqeda lapho kufika ukushesha.
Ukusebenzisa i-FCL, i-LCL, kanye nezinketho zomzila ngesikhathi se-CNY
Ngesikhathi soNyaka Omusha WaseShayina, imikhawulo yomthamo ayinqumi nje kuphela ukuthi impahla yakho iyahamba yini, kodwa nokuthi ihamba kanjani. Ungakhetha phakathi komthwalo ogcwele isitsha (i-FCL) kanye nomthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL), noma phakathi kwemizila eqondile kanye neyokuthutha. Lezi zinketho zingathinta kokubili ubungozi bamasiko kanye nokuthembeka kweshejuli yakho.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuvame ukukunikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe. Ngenxa yokuthi isitsha singesomthumeli oyedwa kuphela, kulula ukuphatha impahla nokugcwalisa amaphepha. Amasiko ePeru angabheka isimemezelo esicacile, seqembu elilodwa, esivame ukusheshisa inqubo yokubuyisa izinto. Ngesikhathi se-CNY ephezulu, abathwali bavame ukunikeza ukubhukha kwe-FCL kuqala ngoba kulula ukuphatha futhi kwenza imali eningi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-LCL kushibhile ngenani elincane lezimpahla, kodwa kunezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo. Uma amaphepha omunye wabathumeli engalungile, lonke isitsha lingabanjwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi impahla evela kubathumeli abahlukene ifakwa ebhokisini elilodwa. Izinyathelo zokuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa nazo zengeza isikhathi ngaphambi nangemva kokuhamba. Lapho izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla zigcwele noma zingenabasebenzi ngesikhathi se-CNY, lezi zinyathelo zingaba izinkinga ngokwazo.
Njengoba ichweba lasePeru iChancay likhula njengesixhumanisi esisha esiqondile esivela e-Asia, ukukhetha indlela efanele sekuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngokweqhinga. Izinsizakalo eziqondile phakathi kweShayina nePeru ngeChancay kanye neminye imizila elungiselelwe kahle ziye zanciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba olwandle kakhulu kanye nezindleko zokuhamba ngezimoto ezingaphezu kuka-20% kwezinye izimo. Lokhu kwenze iPeru yaba yindawo eqinile ePacific. Kodwa ukuhamba ngemikhumbi okusheshayo nakho kufinyeza izikhathi zamasiko: uma ufuna ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela ezingcono, izimemezelo, izimvume, kanye nemiyalelo yomthengisi kumele itholakale ngokushesha.
Ukubonakala Kwedijithali kanye Nokulungiswa Kwezinkambiso Eziqhutshwa Yidatha
Idatha enhle ibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi se-CNY njengoba izinto ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Abathumeli abasasebenzisa amaspredishithi nemizila ye-imeyili ehlakazekile bangase babe nesikhathi esinzima sokuphendula lapho imikhumbi ihlelwa kabusha, amaphepha kudingeka alungiswe, noma imibuzo yentela ivele ingalindelekile.
Abangenisi kanye nabathengisi bangakwazi ukubeka phambili kangcono ukuthi yimaphi amafayela okufanele bawathumele kuqala ngokusebenzisa izixazululo zokubonakala kokuthunyelwa ezigcina umkhondo wezinyathelo ezibalulekile kusukela esangweni lefektri kuya echwebeni, ukuhamba komkhumbi, ukudluliselwa kwawo, kanye nokufika. Lapho abathwali bememezela i-ETA entsha ecabangela ukubambezeleka kwe-CNY, ithimba lezentela lingashintsha ngokushesha ukulandelana abafaka futhi bakhokhe intela ngakho.
Idatha ehlelekile yamamephu e-HS kanye namakhathalogi emikhiqizo nayo iyasiza. Kuba lula kakhulu ukwenza izikweletu zebhizinisi nezimemezelo ezihambisanayo uma amakhodi omkhiqizo, izincazelo, kanye nezindawo zentela zonke zifana ohlelweni oluphakathi. Abangenisi bangasebenzisa amathempulethi aqinisekiswe kusengaphambili ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zamasiko asePeru esikhundleni sokufaka konke futhi bese befaka engcupheni yokwenza amaphutha ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesikhathi.
Abanye abangenisi badlulela phambili ngokuphindaphinda izimo zabo zezindleko zomhlaba ngaphambi kwe-CNY. Basebenzisa amamodeli ukubona ukuthi izinguquko emananini empahla, izinketho zemizila, kanye namanani entela zizothinta kanjani inzuzo. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi bakhethe ukuthi bazosheshisa yini ukuthunyelwa okuthile, bayeke okunye kuze kube yilapho i-CNY ikhuphuke kakhulu, noma bahlukanise impahla ngezindlela eziningi (isibonelo, ingxenye ethile). umthwalo wezindiza ngama-SKU anenani eliphezulu kanye impahla yasolwandle okunye). Lezi izinqumo zebhizinisi, kodwa zihlobene kakhulu nentela ngoba ukubalwa kwentela kanye ne-IGV kusekelwe enanini lempahla kanye nomshwalense elidalulwe ekungenisweni kwempahla.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okukusiza Ngayo Ukuhamba Nge-CNY kanye Ne-Peru Customs
Uma unomlingani wezokuthutha owazi iShayina kanye nemakethe yezindawo oya kuzo futhi ojwayele ukusiza amakhasimende ukuba adlule esiphithiphithini soNyaka Omusha WaseShayina, wonke lawa masu aba lula. Yilapho i-Topway Shipping ingenza khona umehluko omkhulu.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics ezivela emingceleni kusukela ngo-2010. Ithimba elisungule lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni ekuthuthweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokususwa kwempahla yamasiko, ligxile kakhulu ezintweni ezinyakazayo eShayina nase-United States. Lolo lwazi, oluhlanganisa ukubhekana neziteshi zokuhweba eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinsuku zokugcina zokulethwa eziqinile, kanye nezilungiselelo zokuthobela imithetho ezidingayo, luwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezintsha ezifana neShayina-Peru kanye nayo yonke iLatin America.
Izinsizakalo zeTopway zifaka konke kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sezokuthutha eShayina—ukuthathwa kwezimpahla efektri, ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokubhukha isikhala ngesikhathi seziqongo ze-CNY—kuya ogwini lolwandle. kugcinwa, ukuvunyelwa kwempahla ngamakhasimende ohlangothini lokuya khona, kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga lokugcina. Lo mbono kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni uwusizo kakhulu kubathumeli bempahla basePeru ababezodingeka bahlanganise izinsizakalo ezivela ezinkampanini eziningana futhi bathembe ukuthi ulwazi luhamba kahle phakathi kwabo.
I-Topway inezinketho eziguquguqukayo zomthwalo ogcwele (i-FCL) kanye nomthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL) wemithwalo yasolwandle esuka eShayina iye emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni jikelele. Eduze kwe-CNY, lokho kuguquguquka kubaluleke kakhulu. Kungadingeka ushintshe ngokushesha phakathi kwe-FCL ne-LCL ukuze uthole isikhala, noma ushintshe umzila wakho ukuze usebenzise amachweba amasha njengeChancay ngenkathi usakwazi ukufinyelela emasangweni amakhulu njengeCallao. I-Topway ingakusiza ukuthi usungule uhlelo lokungenisa oluhlanganisa izindleko, isivinini, kanye nokuphepha okulawulayo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi isu lakho lesitsha lihambisana nemigomo yakho yengozi yamasiko kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba.
I-Topway inolwazi oluningi ngezimo zamasiko eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke iyazi ukuthi ingasebenzisana kanjani eduze nabathengisi bendawo, iqaphele izinguquko emthethweni, futhi ibukeze amadokhumenti ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kuhambe. Uma i-SUNAT imatasa kakhulu, lokhu kungasho izimemezelo ezilungiselelwe kangcono, ukumangala okuncane komzuzu wokugcina, kanye nenqubo ebushelelezi yempahla eya ePeru. Abangenisi bangabeka kusengaphambili isitokwe ezindaweni ezibalulekile ukuze balinganise ukunyuka okubangelwa yi-CNY nezinye izinkathi zonyaka eziphakeme, kanye nezinye izindlela zokubeka impahla zakwamanye amazwe.
Isiphetho
Abathumeli abathembele eShayina njengemakethe enkulu yomthombo bazohlala benezinkinga ngesikhathi soNyaka Omusha WaseShayina. IPeru isengozini enkulu ngoba ukuhwebelana neShayina kusakhula futhi ingqalasizinda entsha njengechweba laseChancay ishintsha indlela ukuhweba okusebenza ngayo ePacific. Imizila emifushane yolwandle, imikhumbi emikhulu, kanye nezinsizakalo eziqondile kakhulu kuyizinto ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa zingandisa ingozi uma amasiko engakakulungeli umsebenzi owengeziwe.
Abantu abahlela i-CNY esikhundleni sokuzama "ukuyishiya" yibona abawina kakhulu kulesi simo. Bayazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi ngasinye seholide nokuthi kuthinta kanjani ithrafikhi emachwebeni kanye noshintsho kumashejuli. Balungiselela ngokucophelela amaphepha, bahlole amakhodi e-HS, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi amaphepha abo ebhizinisi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-SUNAT. Bafika nezinhlelo ezithile zomkhiqizo wezimpahla ezibucayi ezicabangela izindleko zokugcina amasheya kanye nengozi yokuphelelwa amasheya noma ukuwa kwawo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, abazami ukusingatha konke lokhu bodwa. Abangenisi bangahlanganisa imisebenzi yokuqala eShayina nokulungiselela okuqinile kwezentela ePeru, basebenzise amasu aguquguqukayo e-FCL/LCL, futhi balandelele ukuthunyelwa kwabo kusukela ekukhiqizweni kuya ekulethweni kokugcina ngokusebenzisana nezinkampani zochwepheshe zezokuthutha ezifana ne-Topway Shipping. Ezweni lapho iholide elilodwa e-Asia lingathinta khona amachweba ePeru, lolo hlobo lokuxhumana alusekho ukunethezeka; luyinto ebalulekile yokuhweba engasinda futhi ichume.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Ingabe uNyaka Omusha WaseShayina uyayishintsha imithetho yamasiko yasePeru yokungenisa impahla evela eShayina?
A: Imithetho yamasiko ePeru ayishintshi ngesikhathi soNyaka Omusha WaseShayina. Kuwo wonke unyaka, i-SUNAT isebenzisa umthetho ofanayo, amashejuli entela, kanye nemithetho yamaphepha. Ngesikhathi se-CNY, inani nesikhathi kuyashintsha: imikhumbi eminingi ifika ngezikhathi ezimfushane, futhi amafayela amaningi athinta izinhlelo zobungozi bamasiko ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kwenza noma yimaphi amaphutha kumakhodi e-HS, amanani, noma amaphepha abe nomthelela omkhulu. Isakhiwo sezomthetho sifana noma ngabe amaphepha akho ahlanzekile futhi alungile ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma cha; kodwa, uma ebuthakathaka, kunethuba elikhulu lokubambezeleka ngesikhathi nangemva kwe-CNY.
Q: Kufanele ngihlele kusengaphambili kangakanani ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla okuya ePeru ukuze ngigweme ukuminyana kwe-CNY?
A: Umthetho omuhle ukuhlela kusenesikhathi okungenani izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Lokho kuvame ukuhilela ukubeka ama-oda ezinto ezidinga ukufika ePeru ngaphambi noma ngokushesha ngemva kwe-CNY ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba. Ukuze unciphise amathuba okugudluzwa kwezimpahla kanye nokuguqulwa kwesheduli, kufanele uzame ukuthumela impahla ebalulekile okungenani amasonto amane ngaphambi kweholide. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ushiya isikhathi esengeziwe ohlangothini lwasePeru ngezinqubo zamasiko kanye nezamachweba uma kwenzeka imikhumbi ilibaziseka.
Q: Yimaphi amadokhumenti abaluleke kakhulu ekususweni kwentela okushelelayo ePeru ngesikhathi se-CNY?
A: Zonke izincwadi ezidingekayo zibalulekile, kodwa ezintathu zibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi se-CNY esimatasa: i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano efanele enamakhodi e-HS afanele kanye nezincazelo zomkhiqizo ezinemininingwane; uhlu lokupakisha oluhambisana ne-bill of lading kanye nempahla yangempela; kanye ne-Customs Merchandise Declaration (DAM/DUA) efakwe kahle ngumthengisi wakho. Izitifiketi zomsuka kanye nanoma yiziphi izimvume ezithile zomkhiqizo (zokudla, amakhemikhali, izinto zokwelapha, njll.) zibaluleke ngendlela efanayo, njengoba izitifiketi ezingekho noma ezingalungile cishe njalo ziholela ekubanjweni.
Q: Ingabe ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuphephile ngempela kune-LCL ngesikhathi se-CNY?
A: Igama elithi “Safer” lisho ukuthi “Safer”, kodwa ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuvame ukuba nezingxenye ezincane ezihambayo. Amasiko nama-terminal kufanele abhekane nesimemezelo esisodwa kanye neqembu elilodwa kuphela lapho umthwalo ogcwele wesitsha uhlobene nomthumeli oyedwa. Lokhu kwenza izinto zihambe kahle kakhulu isikhathi esiningi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-LCL kushibhile ngenani elincane lezimpahla, kodwa futhi kukuveza ekuziphatheni kwabathumeli abahambisanayo. Uma omunye umthumeli esitsheni esifanayo enenkinga ngamaphepha akhe noma ukuhambisana nomthetho, ibhokisi lonke lingabambezeleka. Lokho kuncika okwengeziwe kungaba yinto ekhathazayo ngesikhathi se-CNY, lapho kokubili amachweba namasiko kumatasa.
Q: Ingabe ichweba elisha laseChancay liyashintsha indlela okufanele ngicabange ngayo ngengozi yentela?
A: IChancay ithinta kakhulu indlela imikhumbi engahamba ngayo ngokushesha nangokuqondile phakathi kweShayina nePeru. Lokhu kwenza eminye imizila isheshe kakhulu futhi ibe nezindleko eziphansi. Yona ngokwayo, ayishintshi imithetho noma amaphepha adingwa yinkambiso. Kodwa ukuwela okusheshayo kusho ukuthi kunesikhathi esincane "sokuhamba" phakathi kokuhamba nokufika ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga zamaphepha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeda izimemezelo, izimvume, kanye nezitifiketi ngaphambi kokuba umkhumbi uhambe uma uhlela ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo eziqondile zaseChancay. Lokhu kuzosheshisa ukucutshungulwa kwenkambiso lapho impahla ifika.
Q: Umlingani wezokuthutha ofana neTopway Shipping angangisiza kanjani ngesikhathi se-CNY?
A: Umlingani ofana neTopway Shipping unolwazi oluphelele ngeShayina kanye nekhono lokubona nokuxhumanisa uchungechunge oluphelele lwezinto zokuhamba kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. Lokhu kungadinga ukuthola isikhala emikhunjini uma kungekho okuningi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthathwa kwemikhumbi kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezikhathi zokuhamba ngomkhumbi, kanye nokubukeza amadokhumenti kusenesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukumangala emasimini ePeru. Izixazululo zabo ze-FCL/LCL eziguquguqukayo kanye nezinketho zokugcina impahla zakwamanye amazwe zikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe isu lakho usohambeni, kusheshiswe ukuthunyelwa kwezinye izinto, kuhlanganiswe ezinye, futhi kulungiswe isidingo semisebenzi yakho yasePeru ngisho nalapho inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ingaphansi kwengcindezi yesizini.
