Impahla Yokuthutha Ulwandle Eya eQiang kuya eKribi: Umhlahlandlela we-DDP/DAP Wokungenisa Izinto Eziningi
Isingeniso
Ukuze uthumele izimpahla eziningi ezivela eQingdao, enye yamachweba amakhulu eShayina, eKribi, ichweba elikhula emanzini ajulile ogwini lwase-Atlantic eCameroon, udinga ukuhlela kusenesikhathi, uqonde imithetho yokuthumela izimpahla kwamanye amazwe, futhi uqonde ukuthi izwe ngalinye liphatha kanjani ukungeniswa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe. Njengoba ukuhweba phakathi kweShayina namazwe ase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi iCameroon, kukhula, amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa imithwalo yolwandle ukuletha inani elikhulu lezimpahla ngentengo ephansi. Lesi sihloko sichaza kabanzi mayelana nokuthuthwa kwezimpahla ngamanzi kusuka eQingdao kuya eKribi, sigxile emigomeni yokulethwa ye-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) kanye ne-DAP (Delivered at Place). Sinikeza abathumeli umhlahlandlela owusizo wokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ngobuningi.
Ichweba laseQingdao liseLwandle Oluphuzi futhi lingenye yezindawo zokungenisa izitsha ezimatasa kakhulu emhlabeni. Linengqalasizinda enhle kanye nokuxhumana kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ichweba laseKribi Deepwater, eliseGulf of Guinea, seliba yindawo ethandwayo yokuthutha izimpahla zasolwandle eziya eCentral naseNtshonalanga Afrika. Ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwemibandela yokulethwa njenge-DDP kanye ne-DAP kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu endleleni ophatha ngayo izindleko zakho nokuthi ubani ophethe imisebenzi kanye nempahla.
Iyini i-DDP ne-DAP, nokuthi kungani zibalulekile
Uma uthumela izimpahla phesheya kwezilwandle, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) kanye ne-DAP (Delivered at Place) kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kokubili kwezezimali zakho kanye ne-logistics yakho.
Ezivumelwaneni ze-DDP, umthengisi unesibopho sayo yonke into, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokuthumela, intela yokungenisa impahla, intela, kanye nokuletha into kumthengi. ikhaya noma indawo okuvunyelwene ngayo. Umthengisi unakekela intela kanye nokuvunyelwa kwempahla, okwenza izinto zibe lula kumngenisi. Ngaphansi kwe-DAP, umhlinzeki uletha imikhiqizo endaweni ethile, kodwa umthengi unesibopho sokukhokha intela yokungenisa impahla kanye nentela. Lolu shintsho ezindleleni nasengcupheni luvame ukuba nomthelela ekungeneni kwemali kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlela.
Uma ukhetha phakathi kwale migomo, kufanele uthole ibhalansi phakathi kokulawula kanye nokulula kokusebenzisa. I-DDP yehlisa ubungozi kubangenisi bokuqala noma amabhizinisi angenalo ulwazi oluningi lwezentela zendawo, kodwa ibiza kakhulu. I-DAP ikunika ukulawula okwengeziwe futhi inganciphisa izindleko zokuthumela, kodwa idinga ulwazi olwengeziwe lokuphatha indawo.
I-Qingdao ne-Kribi: Ukubuka Konke Kwechweba
I-Qingdao: Indlu Enamandla Yasemanzini YaseShayina
Ichweba laseQingdao linezindawo eziningi zokugcina impahla kanye nezindawo zokuthutha impahla futhi liphatha izigidi zama-TEU (amayunithi alingana namamitha angamashumi amabili) ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenza kube yindawo enhle yokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezifakwe emabhokisini kanye nezimpahla eziningi. Indawo yalo oLwandle Oluphuzi iyinika izixhumanisi eziqondile noma zokudluliselwa kwezimpahla emizileni ebalulekile yezentengiselwano yomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwezimpahla okuhamba ibanga elide okuya e-Afrika.
Amachweba asemanzini ajulile aseQingdao angathatha okungaphezu nje kwezitsha. Angaphatha nokuthunyelwa okukhulu kakhulu kanye nemithwalo ekhethekile, njengemishini esindayo, izinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nemithwalo emikhulu kakhulu.
Ichweba laseKribi Deepwater: Isango Elikhulayo lase-Afrika
Ichweba laseKribi elisemanzini ajulile lisegwini oluseningizimu yeCameroon futhi lingaphatha imikhumbi emikhulu, njengezithwali zamanzi ajulile ezinhle kakhulu zokuthwala imithwalo emikhulu kanye nemithwalo yama-container. Ngenxa yokuthi liseGulf of Guinea, liyindawo enhle yokungena eCameroon nakwezinye izimakethe zaseCentral Africa eziseduze. IKribi isiba yindawo ethandwayo yabangenisi abangenayo imali njengoba ingqalasizinda ikhula, njengezixhumanisi zesitimela eziya ngaphakathi.
Ukuhlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwakho Kwezimpahla Zolwandle eQiang kuya eKribi
Ukukhetha Uhlobo Lwesitsha kanye Nendlela Yokuthutha
Uma ungenisa izimpahla eziningi, imithwalo egcwele yama-container (i-FCL) ivame ukuba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise isitsha kuphela, inciphise umonakalo obangelwa ukuphathwa, futhi ivame ukubiza kancane ngeyunithi ngayinye kunezinketho zomthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL). Uma umkhiqizo wakho ungagcwalisi isitsha, noma kunjalo, i-LCL iseyindlela engcono kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinyathelo eziningi zokuphatha zingenza isikhathi sokuthutha sibe side futhi zikhulise ingozi.
Nasi isibonelo sokuthi kungabiza malini ukuthumela izimpahla ngomkhumbi zisuka eShayina ziye eCameroon. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubeke isabelomali esilinganiselwe:
| Uhlobo Lwesitsha | Izindleko Ezilinganiselwe (USD) | Ikesi elijwayelekile lokusetshenziswa |
|---|---|---|
| 20ft Isitsha | $ 1,200 - $ 3,500 | Ukuthunyelwa kwenqwaba emaphakathi |
| 40ft Isitsha | $ 2,800 - $ 5,800 | Izimpahla ezinkulu noma ezisindayo |
| I-LCL | $60 - $120 i-CBM ngayinye | Imithwalo emincane engaphansi komthamo wesitsha |
Leli thebula libonisa ububanzi obujwayelekile, nokho izindleko eziqondile zincike kumphathi wemoto, umzila, izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli, kanye nesikhathi sonyaka.
Isikhathi Sokuthutha kanye Nomzila Wokuthumela
Isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze imithwalo yasolwandle isuke eQingdao iye eKribi singahluka kakhulu. Lindela izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-50 ngokwesilinganiso, uma ucabangela izinqubo zechweba, ukudluliselwa okungenzeka, kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhipha izimpahla zamasiko. Njengoba iMpumalanga Asia neNtshonalanga Afrika ziqhelelene kakhulu, ukulungiselela okufanele kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuthunyelweni okukhulu okuhlobene nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza noma izigaba zephrojekthi.
Ukucatshangelwa Kokukhokhwa Kwentela kanye Nokungeniswa Kwempahla ECameroon
I-Customs ingenye yezingxenye ezinzima kakhulu zezivumelwano ze-DAP vs. DDP. I-Cameroon idinga amaphepha afanele, njengama-invoyisi ezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, kanye namakhodi afanele e-Harmonized System (HS). Ukuhlukanisa noma yini noma ukungagcwalisi wonke amadokhumenti ngendlela engafanele kungabangela ukubambezeleka okubizayo kanye nezinhlawulo.
Nge-DDP, umthengisi (noma i-ejenti yakhe) unakekela intela yempahla, i-VAT, kanye nokususwa kwempahla ngaphambi kokubamba izimpahla ukuze zilethwe. Lokhu kwenza ukungenisa kube lula, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi umthengisi udinga ukwazi ngemithetho yendawo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla okunezibopho. Abangenisi kufanele baqashe umthengisi wempahla noma umlingani wempahla eCameroon ukuze abasize ngokuthunyelwa kwe-DAP. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ziphuma ngokushesha lapho zifika echwebeni laseKribi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha umlingani wendawo owazi okuningi ngamasiko aseCameroon, ikakhulukazi ezimpahleni ezinkulu lapho intela kanye nentela kungaba nkulu khona futhi ukubambezeleka kungaba kubi kakhulu.
Amathiphu Awusizo Okunciphisa Izindleko Nengozi
Ukuthutha ngemikhumbi kuseyindlela eshibhile yokuthutha inani elikhulu lezimpahla lisuka eShayina liye e-Afrika, kodwa udinga ukuhlela kusengaphambili ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola isivumelwano esingcono kakhulu.
Uma uxoxisana ngezindleko zokuthutha impahla, khumbula ukuthi amanani angase akhuphuke futhi ehle kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka. Isibonelo, amanani angakhuphuka ngesikhathi samaholide omhlaba wonke noma imikhosi yesifunda, okungenza isikhala singatholakali. Ukubhukha kusenesikhathi kuvame ukukunikeza amanani angcono futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi kunendawo yama-container amakhulu.
Uma ukwazi, ukuhlanganisa izimpahla kungukongela imali. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi izimpahla ezinkulu zingasho umsebenzi omningi kuwe wokulayisha, ukulandelela, nokugcina amaphepha afanele.
Okokugcina, hlala ubuza ngomshuwalense wohambo lwakho. Ngisho noma imithwalo yasolwandle ithembekile, ingafika sekwephuzile noma yonakale. Umshuwalense ukunika ukuthula kwengqondo, ikakhulukazi uma unemishini eminingi ebizayo noma izinto zokusetshenziswa.
Kungani Umlingani Ofanele Wezokuthutha Ebalulekile
Uma uthutha okuthile usuka eQingdao uye eKribi, kufanele ubhekane nokungaphezu nje kweziqukathi zokuthumela. Kufanele futhi ubhekane nokuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke, izinqubo zamasiko, kanye nokuphathwa kwezingozi. Uma uletha izinto zokwakha, imishini yezimboni, noma izinto ezithengiswa ngobuningi, ukusebenza nenkampani yezokuthutha eyaziyo ukuthi yenzani kungongela isikhathi, imali, futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ulandela imithetho.
I-Topway Shipping ingenye yezinkampani ongase ufune ukuzihlola. Kusukela ngo-2010, i-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo zezokuthutha ze-e-commerce ewela imingcele. Abantu abaqala inkampani baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni kwezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla, begxile kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla phakathi kweShayina ne-US. I-Topway iphatha yonke inqubo yezokuthutha, kusukela ekuthuthweni kokuqala kuya ekugcinweni kwamanye amazwe kuya ekususweni kwezimpahla kuya ekulethweni kwezimpahla okuhamba ibanga elide. Baphinde banikeze izinsizakalo zokuthutha olwandle eziguquguqukayo (FCL) kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthutha ezingaphansi kwesitsha (LCL) ezivela eShayina kuya emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zinsizakalo zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze zilethwe ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-DAP noma ye-DDP.
Uma ukhetha umlingani wezokuthutha onaleli zinga lolwazi, kungenza ukuthutha ngolwandle kwamanye amazwe kube lula futhi kuvikele uchungechunge lwakho lokulethwa kusukela endaweni okuvela kuyo kuze kube yilapho ukulethwa.
Isiphetho
Ukuthumela izinto eziningi kusuka eQingdao kuya eKribi ngolwandle kuyindlela eshibhile yokuzihambisa kusuka kwelinye izwekazi ukuya kwelinye. Ukuze uthole ukuthi ubani ophethe imisebenzi kanye nokuthutha ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka, udinga ukwazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-DDP kanye ne-DAP. Uma uhlela impahla yakho, udinga ukucabanga ngokucophelela ngemithwalo yamakhonteyina, amanani okuthumela, ubude besikhathi sokuthutha, imithetho yamasiko, kanye nendlela yokunciphisa ubungozi. Uma usebenza nezinkampani ezinolwazi lokuthutha ezifana ne-Topway Shipping, ungaqiniseka ukuthi izimpahla zakho zizohamba ziye endaweni yazo yokugcina ngesikhathi futhi ngaphakathi kwesabelomali.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
U: Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-DDP ne-DAP yokuthutha ngolwandle?
A: I-DDP (Delivered Duty Payed) ihlanganisa zonke izindleko kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo kuze kufike ekulethweni kwemikhiqizo endaweni ekhethiwe yomthengi, njengezindleko zentela ye ...
U: Imithwalo yolwandle esuka eQingdao iya eKribi ivame ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?
A: Kuye ngomzila wokuthumela, amashejuli enkampani, kanye nendlela izinto ezisingathwa ngayo emachwebeni okusuka kuwo kanye nalapho uya khona, izikhathi zokuhamba zivame ukuba phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30 kuya kwezingu-50.
Q: Ingabe imithwalo yolwandle esuka eQingdao iya eKribi ishibhile kakhulu kuneyase-UK umthwalo wezindiza?
A: Yebo. Uma kuthunyelwa izimpahla eziningi, izimpahla zasolwandle zivame ukushibhile kakhulu ngeyunithi ngayinye kunezimpahla zasemoyeni, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Q: Yimaphi amadokhumenti abalulekile ekukhishweni kwentela eCameroon?
A: Kuye ngohlobo lwempahla, amadokhumenti abalulekile afaka i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, amakhodi e-HS afanele, i-bill of lading, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimvume noma izitifiketi ezidingekayo.
U: Ngingathumela kokubili i-FCL kanye ne-LCL kusuka eQingdao kuya eKribi?
A: Yebo. Uma uthumela izinto eziningi, ungakhetha i-FCL. Uma uthumela izinto ezimbalwa, ungakhetha i-LCL, okushibhile ngoba nihlanganyela isikhala sesitsha.
