Izindleko Ezifihliwe Zokuthunyelwa Ukusuka EShayina Kuya EFrance: I-THC, Izindleko Zokuya Ekhaya kanye Nezimali Zokugcina Zinqunyiwe
Isingeniso
Uthole intengo enhle kakhulu yokuthutha impahla olwandle. Uhlole ubukhulu bempahla, wabhukha isitsha futhi waneliseka ngezindleko zokufika. Kwabe sekufika i-invoyisi - futhi yayingeyona into obuyilindele.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso lansuku zonke kubathengisi nabangenisi abavela kwamanye amazwe abathumela izinto ezisindayo noma ezinkulu ezivela eShayina ziya eFrance. Impahla yomugqa wezimpahla zasolwandle iyisiqalo. Ngaphansi kwayo kukhona imali yokuphatha impahla, izimali zechweba lokuya kulo, izindleko zokukhokha intela, izibopho ze-VAT, izimali ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli kanye nezindleko zokulethwa kwempahla enkulu eFrance eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ezinkampanini ezithumela amasofa, ama-treadmill, amafriji, imishini yezimboni noma yini ewela esigabeni "sempahla enkulu kakhulu," lezi zindleko ezengeziwe zingangeza kalula u-30 - 50% esilinganisweni sempahla eyisisekelo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza zonke izindleko ongase ubhekane nazo lapho uthumela usuka eShayina uye eFrance ngo-2025 nangale kwalokho, sigxile kakhulu emithwalweni emikhulu nesindayo — ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-超大件 embonini yezokuthutha yaseShayina, okusho izinto ezinesisindo esingafika kuma-metric tonnes angu-8 ngengcezu ngayinye enobude obude obungafika kumamitha angu-8 ohlangothini. Sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini inkokhelo ngayinye, kungani ikhona, ibalwa kanjani nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuyilawula.
Ukuqonda Izindleko Zokuphatha I-Terminal (THC)
Izindleko Zokuphatha I-Terminal, noma i-THC ngamafuphi, yizindleko ezikhokhiswa yi-port terminals ngokuphatha izitsha ngokomzimba kusukela ngesikhathi zingena ku-terminal kuze kube yilapho ziphuma. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imisebenzi ye-crane yokulayisha nokukhipha imikhumbi, ukubeka kabusha izitsha egcekeni, ukucubungula kokuphatha, kanye nokugcina isikhashana ezindaweni ezithile zokubeka izinto. Futhi i-THC iyiqoqo lezinsizakalo ezigcina yonke indawo ye-port ishintsha, noma ngabe kuyintengo eyodwa ku-invoyisi yakho.
Uma uthumela usuka eShayina uya eFrance, uzohlangana ne-THC kabili emzileni: Echwebeni lokusuka eShayina kanye nechwebeni lokuya eFrance. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-Origin THC (OTHC) kanye ne-Destination THC (DTHC) ngokufanayo. Uma umthwalo udlula echwebeni elikhulu (isib. iSingapore, iRotterdam) emzileni, ungase uhlangane ne-transshipment THC. Ngokuvamile lokhu kumuncwa yinkampani yokuthutha ulwandle futhi kungadluliselwa ngqo kumthumeli.
Imvelaphi ye-THC eShayina
I-OTHC ikhokhiswa echwebeni laseShayina lapho ulayisha khona ukuthunyelwa kwakho. Izindawo ezinkulu zokuthumela ngaphandle ezifana neShenzhen, Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou kanye neQingdao ngayinye inamazinga ayo okuphatha i-terminal, angase ahluke kuye ngokuthi umqhubi we-terminal, uhlobo lwesitsha kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla. Kusukela ngo-2025, amanani ajwayelekile e-OTHC emachwebeni amakhulu aseShayina angaba ngu-USD 80 kuya ku-USD 140 esitsheni esingamamitha angu-20 kanye no-USD 140 kuya ku-USD 230 esitsheni esingamamitha angu-40 noma angu-40 ubude. Ukuphathwa okukhethekile kwezitsha ezinkulu zempahla, ezibekwe ngendlela eyisicaba noma izitsha ezivulekile kuzobiza iprimiyamu ngaphezu kwalezi zinombolo zokuqala.
Indawo oya kuyo i-THC eFrench Ports
I-DTHC ikhokhiswa intela emthwalweni wakho uma ifika echwebeni laseFrance - ngokuvamile iLe Havre, ephatha iningi lethrafikhi yama-container evela e-Asia, noma iMarseille-Fos yokuhambisa iMedithera. ILe Havre, ichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke lama-container eFrance, iphatha cishe ama-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-2.5 minyaka yonke, futhi iyisango eliyinhloko lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yiShayina neFrance. I-THC yendawo ngokuvamile inkulu emachwebeni aseFrance kunasemachwebeni avela eShayina, okubonisa izindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi basemachwebeni aseYurophu kanye nengqalasizinda.
Ngokomlando, i-DTHC eLe Havre yezitsha ezivamile ibiphakathi kwe-EUR 200 ne-EUR 350 nge-TEU njengesilinganiso esijwayelekile, nezitsha ezingama-cube aphezulu ezingamafidi angu-40 ekugcineni. Izimali ezengeziwe ziyasebenza uma umthwalo ukhuluphele noma ungaphezu kwesilinganiso udinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile kwe-terminal, ngaphezu kwezindleko ezivamile ze-DTHC.
| Uhlobo lokushaja | Ibanga Elijwayelekile (2025) | Okhokhayo | Lapho Ishajwa |
| I-THC Yomsuka (20ft) | USD 80-140 | Umthumbi | Echwebeni lokulayisha eShayina |
| I-THC Yomsuka (40ft/HC) | USD 140-230 | Umthumbi | Echwebeni lokulayisha eShayina |
| Indawo okuyiwa kuyo iTHC (Le Havre, 20ft) | EUR 150–250 | Umphathi | Lapho ufika eFrance |
| Indawo oya kuyo i-THC (Le Havre, 40ft/HC) | EUR 220–350 | Umphathi | Lapho ufika eFrance |
| Inkokhelo eyengeziwe enkulu/ye-OOG | I-USD/EUR 100–400+ | Umthumeli/Umthengi | Imvelaphi kanye/noma indawo oya kuyo |
Izindleko Zokuya Kuyo Ngaphandle Kwe-THC
Abathumeli abaningi benza iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi i-DTHC iyona kuphela imali okufanele bayikhokhele ohlangothini lwezindawo abadinga ukuzibekela isabelomali. Eqinisweni, ngemva kokufika kokuthunyelwa eLe Havre noma eMarseille-Fos, kuhilela uchungechunge lwezindleko ezengeziwe kuze kube yilapho impahla ifika elolini eliya ekhelini lomthengi.
Imibhalo kanye Nezimali Zokukhululwa Kwebhili Lomthwalo
Inkampani yokuthutha izimpahla olwandle kumele ikhiphe i-oda lokulethwa ukuze uhambise impahla yakho. Lokhu kunezindleko zayo. Izindleko zamadokhumenti, ezivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi izimali ze-D/O (delivery order) noma izimali zokukhululwa kwe-telex, ziphakathi kwe-EUR 50 ne-EUR 150 ngebhili lomthwalo. Lokhu kungahlanganiswa kube yinto enkulu yomugqa "wokuphatha indawo" ngabathumeli bempahla, kodwa kufanelekile ukucela ukuhlukaniswa kwemininingwane.
Customs Clearance kanye Brokerage
Uma ungenalo igunya lokwenza lokhu ngokwakho uzodinga umthengisi wezimpahla ofanelekayo ukuze athole noma yimiphi imikhiqizo evela eShayina ngezimpahla zaseFrance. Izimali zokuthengisa impahla eFrance zivame ukuba phakathi kwe-EUR 100 ne-EUR 300 ngokuthunyelwa okuvamile, yize izimpahla ezinkulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi zingabiza imali ephezulu njengoba kuzodingeka umsebenzi wokubhala owengeziwe kanye nokuhlukanisa. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusho ukuthi, kusukela ngoJanuwari 2022, amabhizinisi angewona awe-EU aletha izimpahla eFrance kumele athole inombolo ye-VAT yaseFrance futhi asungule i-ejenti yezimali - lolu shintsho lomthetho lunezela umthwalo owengeziwe wokuphatha kubathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina abathumela i-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid).
Izindleko Zokungenisa kanye ne-VAT yaseFrance
EFrance, i-EU Common External Tariff isebenza ekungenisweni okuvela eShayina, ngakho-ke amazinga entela asekelwe kukhodi ye-HS yomkhiqizo wakho. Izigaba zempahla ezinkulu kakhulu ezivela eShayina, njengefenisha, imishini yokuzivocavoca kanye nezinto zasekhaya, zivame ukukhokhiswa amazinga entela phakathi kuka-0% no-6.5% wenani le-CIF (izindleko, umshwalense kanye nempahla). Kodwa iFrance iphinde isebenzise i-VAT yayo evamile engu-20% cishe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo engeniswayo ngokusekelwe enanini le-CIF kanye nanoma iyiphi intela yentela ekhokhwayo.
Nasi isibonelo sangempela: ukuthunyelwa kwakho kubiza u-EUR 10,000, impahla kanye nomshwalense kubiza u-EUR 1,500 (ngakho i-cif yakho ingu-EUR 11,500), kanti intela yakho ingu-5%. Intela yakho izoba ngu-EUR 575. I-VAT izobe isibalwa ku-EUR 12,075 (CIF + Duty) okuzonikeza i-VAT engu-£2,415. Umthwalo wakho wentela uphelele u-EUR 2,990 - inani elifanele ukungezwa kumodeli yakho yamanani.
Udaba olulodwa olubalulekile lomthetho okufanele luqashelwe: IFrance izobeka inkokhelo yamasiko ye-EUR 2 ekuthunyelweni kwenani eliphansi (ngaphansi kwe-EUR 150) ethunyelwe ngqo kubathengi baseFrance abavela emazweni angewona awe-EU, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2026. I-EU iphinde ibheke ekuguqulweni okukhulu kwamasiko, kanye nemali yentela ye-EUR 3 ekuthunyelweni kwenani eliphansi eyamukelwa ezingeni le-EU kusukela ngoJulayi 2025. Lokhu kumayelana kakhulu nokuhweba nge-inthanethi okuncane kunempahla enkulu, kodwa kusho ukuqiniswa okubanzi kwendawo yokulawula okufanele abathumeli bayiqaphele ngokucophelela.
Izindleko Zokungezelelwa Kukaphethiloli kanye ne-BAF
Isici Sokulungisa I-Bunker (i-BAF): I-premium ekhokhiswa yizinkampani zasolwandle ukuze zimboze amanani kaphethiloli ashintshashintshayo. I-BAF ingaba phezulu ngamaphesenti angama-20-30 enkokhelo yokuthutha olwandle eyisisekelo yemizila yokuhweba yase-Asia-Europe. Iyashintsha ngomjikelezo wokuvuselela wenkampani ngayinye njalo ngekota noma ngenyanga. I-BAF ivame ukuba yintengo yesitsha ngasinye sezimpahla ezinkulu ezithwalwa olwandle zisuka eShayina ziya eFrance futhi iyinto ebalulekile eshintshashintsha kakhulu ngokuya ngezimo zemakethe kanye nenkampani oyiqashayo.
| Isigaba Senkokhelo | Izindleko Ezilinganiselwe (EUR) | amanothi |
| Indawo oya kuyo i-THC (40ft HC) | 220-350 | Ishajwa yi-terminal eLe Havre/Marseille |
| Imali yemibhalo/ye-DO | 50-150 | Ngokwe-bill of lading |
| I-Customs brokerage | 100-300 | Kuphezulu kakhulu ngemithwalo emikhulu/eyinkimbinkimbi |
| Intela yokungenisa (isilinganiso esingu-3–5% CIF) | 300-700 | Iyahluka ngekhodi ye-HS |
| I-VAT yaseFrance (20% ku-CIF+duty) | 2,000-4,000 + | Ngokusekelwe kunani lokuthunyelwa |
| Inkokhelo eyengeziwe ye-BAF | 200-500 | Ngesitsha ngasinye, kuncike emakethe |
| Imali yokuhlolwa kwentela (uma iqalwa) | 150-400 | Akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi |
Inselele Yamamayela Okugcina Yemithwalo Emikhulu EFrance
Indawo eyodwa lapho ukungabi nolwazi kwabathumeli kubonakala khona njalo ezindlekweni zabo yimayela lokugcina lokulethwa kwemithwalo emikhulu eFrance. Ukuthumela isihlalo sokuhlikihla esingu-200kg noma umshini wokulinganisa ongu-400kg kusuka esiteshini setheku noma endaweni yokugcina impahla yaphesheya kwezilwandle ukuya ekhaya lekhasimende kuyisiphakamiso esihlukile kakhulu ekulethweni kwamaphasela okuvamile - futhi amanani abonisa lobo bunzima.
Yini Efaneleka Njengomthwalo Omkhulu Kakhulu?
Esimweni sezokuthutha emngceleni waseShayina, imithwalo ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine: amaphasela amancane (ngaphansi kwama-2 kg), amaphasela ajwayelekile (ngaphansi kwama-30 kg enobubanzi obungaphansi kwamamitha ama-3), izinto ezinkulu (ngaphansi kwama-150 kg enohlangothi olude kakhulu olungaphansi kwamamitha ama-4) kanye nezimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu — izinto ezinesisindo esingafika kuma-metric tonnes angu-8 nohlangothi olulodwa olungafika kumamitha ayi-8 kanye nomkhawulo wokuphakama wamamitha angu-2.57. Isigaba sokugcina siqukethe zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-e-commerce efana nosofa, omatilasi, amatafula okudlela, iziqandisi, imishini yokuwasha, imishini yokuwasha izitsha, amabhayisikili kagesi, kanye nemishini yezimboni efana nokukhanyisa emgwaqweni, abenzi be-ayisikhilimu bezentengiselwano njll.
EFrance, izimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu zidinga izimoto ezikhethekile zokulethwa kwempahla ngemayela lokugcina, ngokuvamile amaloli ayisicaba noma izimoto ezinamathuluzi okuphakamisa izimpahla ngemuva. Ngezinye izikhathi uzodinga nosizo lwekhreyini noma izinsizakalo ezithile zokufaka ezingaba nomthelela ezindleleni zokulethwa kwempahla.
Ukulethwa Okusekelwe Ku-aphoyintimenti kanye Nesevisi Yamagilavu Amhlophe
Abathengi bokugcina eFrance abathenga izinto ezinkulu ngamapulatifomu afana ne-Amazon.fr noma amawebhusayithi azimele e-commerce bafuna kakhulu ukulethwa okusekelwe ekuqokweni ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ezintweni ezisindayo, indawo yokuzikhethela kanye nokususwa kokupakisha. Lelo zinga lenkonzo "elimhlophe" liza ngentengo ephezulu kunokulethwa eceleni komgwaqo. EFrance, isibonelo, intengo yokulethwa ngamagilavu amhlophe entweni eyodwa enkulu njengesofa noma umshini wokuzivocavoca ingasukela ku-EUR 80 kuya ku-EUR 200 noma ngaphezulu kuye ngesifunda sokulethwa, izinga lephansi nokuthi ngabe ukuhlanganiswa kufakiwe yini.
Ukulethwa eParis nakwamanye amadolobha aminyene kakhulu kukhokhiswa imali eyengeziwe ngenxa yemikhawulo yethrafikhi, izindawo zokukhishwa kwegesi okuphansi (iZones à Faibles Emissions, noma i-ZFE) kanye nobunzima bokuqondisa amaloli amakhulu emigwaqweni yedolobha. Imali eyengeziwe esuselwe ebangeni ingasebenza nasekulethweni ezindaweni zasemakhaya kulo lonke ubude nobubanzi beFrance, okungavamile ukubonakala ezilinganisweni zezimpahla zokuqala.
Ukulethwa kwe-B2B vs. B2C Last-Mile
Intengo yemayela lokugcina incike kakhulu ohlotsheni lomthumeli. Ngokuthunyelwa kwe-B2B - endaweni yokugcina impahla yomthengisi, ehhotela noma endaweni yebhizinisi - inqubo ivame ukuba lula futhi ingabizi kakhulu ngeyunithi ngayinye njengoba imikhiqizo eminingana ingalethwa endaweni eyodwa futhi umamukeli usethelwe ukwamukela izimpahla. Ukulethwa ezindlini ezizimele (B2C), ikakhulukazi ngezimpahla ezinkulu noma ezinkulu, kudinga kakhulu ukusebenza - futhi kubiza ngokufanele. Kubathengisi be-e-commerce be-Amazon noma bezitolo ezizimele, kubalulekile ukuqonda isakhiwo sezindleko zemayela lokugcina se-B2C eFrance samanani kanye nokuphathwa kwe-margin.
Izinketho Zesiteshi Sokuthutha kanye Namaphrofayili Azo Ezindleko
Ukukhetha isiteshi sokuthutha esingcono kakhulu sokuthunyelwa kwakho kusuka eShayina kuya eFrance kuyindaba yokulinganisela phakathi kwesivinini, izindleko, ukuthembeka kanye nohlobo lwempahla oyithuthayo. Uma wazi iphrofayili yezindleko zesiteshi ngasinye, usesimweni sokwenza ukukhetha okunolwazi.
| Isiteshi | Isikhathi Sokuthutha | Izinga lezindleko | Okuhle kakhulu | Izindleko ezengeziwe |
| I-Ocean Freight (Ulwandle) | Izinsuku eziyi-45-50 | Phansi kakhulu | Izimpahla ezithwala kakhulu, ezisindayo/ezinkulu | I-BAF, i-DTHC, imibhalo |
| I-Air Freight | Izinsuku eziyi-12-15 | Ephakeme kakhulu | Izimpahla ezinenani eliphezulu, ezizwela isikhathi | Inhlawulo eyengeziwe kaphethiloli, imali yokuphepha |
| Isitimela saseShayina-Europe | Izinsuku eziyi-30-45 | Medium | I-LCL enenani eliphakathi, ezwela isikhathi | Ukuphathwa kwesitimela, intela |
| Umgwaqo (Amaloli) | Izinsuku eziyi-30-45 | Medium | Imikhiqizo kagesi eyingozi | Uphethiloli, izimali ezengeziwe zomshayeli |
| Indlu Yokugcina Yaphesheya + Imayela Lokugcina | Iyahluka | Flexible | Ukuhweba nge-inthanethi, ukuthunyelwa okuphindaphindiwe | Isitoreji, ukukhetha nokupakisha |
Imikhawulo yobukhulu nesisindo ivimbela ukuhamba ngezindiza kanye nesitimela, ngakho-ke ulwandle luhlala luyindlela eyinhloko yezimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu. Into eyodwa engamathani ama-5 ayikwazi ukundiza emoyeni ngezindleko eziqhubekayo. Ezigabeni eziningi ezinkulu zezimpahla - ifenisha, izinto zikagesi, imishini yokuzivocavoca, imishini - imithwalo yasolwandle esekelwa ukulethwa okuphumelelayo kwemayela lokugcina eFrance kuyinto evamile.
Izimpahla zikaloliwe Ezitimeleni ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu phakathi kweShayina neYurophu zinikeza ikhambi eliphakathi lezimpahla ezithinta isikhathi ezinganele ukudinga ukuphathwa ngokugcwele kwezitsha. Zisebenza ngesheduli yamasonto onke kusukela emadolobheni amakhulu aseShayina okuhlanganisa iChengdu, iZhengzhou, iYiwu kanye neChongqing kuya ezindaweni eziseYurophu, ngezikhathi zokuhamba ezingaba yizinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-45. Inethiwekhi yezitimela zaseShayina neYurophu ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, inikeza umncintiswano wezimpahla zasolwandle lapho kugcwele khona amachweba noma kunezindleko ezengeziwe ze-BAF.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP: Isixazululo Esiphelele kanye Nezinzuzo Zaso
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) kuthola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathengisi be-e-commerce abavela emingceleni abafuna ukunikeza abathengi babo intengo ecacile, yokufika ngaphandle kwezindleko ezingalindelekile lapho kulethwa. Ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-DDP, umhlinzeki wezimpahla noma wezokuthutha uphatha zonke izici, okuhlanganisa ukuthutha kokuqala okuvela eShayina, ukuvunyelwa kwezimpahla lapho kufika eFrance, ukukhokhwa kwentela yokungenisa kanye ne-VAT, kanye nokulethwa kokugcina ekhelini elishiwo. Umthengi uthola izinto ngaphandle kokubhekana namakhasi entela yaseFrance noma okukhokha abathwali.
I-DDP ingcono ngokombono wokuhlangenwe nakho kwamakhasimende. Kodwa-ke, idinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngokombono wezindleko nokucaca. Abanye abahlinzeki be-DDP bacaphuna amanani akhangayo kakhulu kodwa bafaka phakathi imingcele emikhulu entelweni yamasiko kanye nengxenye ye-VAT noma basebenzise izindleko zokuphatha ezingacacile esigabeni sokugcina impahla kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphambi kokuthi ubhalisele ilungiselelo le-DDP lokuthunyelwa kwakho eFrance, kunengqondo ukucela ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko okuningiliziwe okubala imithwalo yolwandle, izindleko zokuqala, i-THC yendawo oya kuyo, ukuthengiswa kwempahla yamasiko, intela, i-VAT kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina - noma ngabe ekugcineni zihlanganiswe ngenani elilodwa lokukhokha.
Ikakhulukazi, izinkontileka ze-DDP zezimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu zidinga ukusho ngokucacile ukuthi insizakalo yokugcina ihlanganisani: eceleni komgwaqo kuphela, indawo yokuzikhethela, ngokususwa kwephakheji noma ngaphandle kwayo, ngokuhlanganiswa noma ngaphandle kwayo. Umehluko onjalo ungaba phakathi kwe-EUR 50-150 ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye okungeke kuboniswe esilinganisweni se-DDP esiyinhloko.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwezimpahla E-Topway Okusondela Ngayo E-China Kuya E-France Ngemithwalo Emikhulu Kakhulu
Isekelwe eShenzhen, iTopway Shipping ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics ezivela emingceleni kusukela ngo-2010, igxile ezimpahleni ezinkulu nezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ithimba labasunguli bale nkampani lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni kwezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla zangaphandle, kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhulu ekuphathweni okuphelele kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo okuhlanganisa ifenisha, izinto zasekhaya, imishini yokuzivocavoca, izimoto zikagesi, imishini yezentengiselwano nokuningi.
Ukwakheka kwesevisi ye-Topway kuhlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha. Ngasohlangothini lokuqala, lokhu kusho ukulandwa endlini ngendlu kubakhiqizi nabaphakeli kulo lonke elaseShayina, ukuhlanganiswa endaweni yabo yokugcina impahla yaseShenzhen, kanye nokupakisha imithwalo okunekhono okuhlanganisa izinketho zamakethi okhuni afanele ngqo izinto ezinkulu ezibuthakathaka noma ezinenani eliphezulu. Le nkampani inikeza izinsizakalo zokuthutha olwandle ze-FCL (umthwalo we-container ogcwele) kanye ne-LCL (umthwalo we-container ongaphansi kwesitsha) eziguquguqukayo ezivela emachwebeni amakhulu okuthumela ngaphandle eShayina kuya ezindaweni ezibalulekile zaseYurophu, kanye nohambo oluningi lokuhamba ngesikebhe masonto onke oluya eLe Havre naseMarseille.
Emaphethelweni okuya kuwo, isevisi ye-DDP ye-Topway eya eFrance ifaka phakathi ukuvunyelwa kwempahla ngabathengisi abangochwepheshe basekhaya abajwayelene nezinqubo zempahla zaseFrance kanye nobuqili bomthetho okhulayo wokungenisa impahla e-EU. Bathutha emazweni angama-25 angamalungu e-EU ngenethiwekhi yabo yokulethwa kwempahla yaseYurophu, kanti iFrance ingenye yezimakethe zabo ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Ipulatifomu yokulandelela egcwele yenkampani inikeza ukubonakala kusukela ngesikhathi impahla isuka endaweni yomhlinzeki eShayina kuya ekusayinweni kwesiqinisekiso sokulethwa ekhelini lomamukeli waseFrance.
Umthamo we-Topway ogwini lolwandle eYurophu unikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokwenza ngcono izindleko kubathengisi be-e-commerce ku-Amazon.fr noma i-Cdiscount noma emabhizinisini azimele ase-Shopify. Ukubeka izimpahla kusengaphambili esikhungweni sokugcwalisa saseYurophu nokuphatha ukulethwa kwe-B2C kwemayela lokugcina kusukela kuleli phuzu kungabangela ukonga okukhulu ezindlekweni zemayela lokugcina ngeyunithi ngayinye kanye nokulethwa okusheshayo kumthengi wokugcina kubathengisi. Le nkampani iphinde inikeze izinsizakalo zokulungiselela i-FBA kubathengisi abasebenzisa inethiwekhi yokugcwalisa ye-Amazon eFrance naseJalimane.
Ikhono le-Topway lokuthwala imithwalo emikhulu liyinto ebalulekile ehlukanisayo, kufaka phakathi izimpahla ezifika kumathani angu-8 ngengxenye ngayinye kanye namamitha angu-8 ohlangothini olulodwa - ubukhulu abahlinzeki abaningi bezokuthutha bendabuko abangathandi noma abakwazi ukubuphatha. Imikhumbi yamaloli azinikele, ukufinyelela imishini ye-crane kanye nokuxhumana okuqinile nabahlinzeki baseYurophu abanolwazi ngemithwalo emikhulu kakhulu kusekela lokhu. Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sabo sokuhamba ngemithwalo yolwandle i-DDP isuka eShayina iya eFrance, ngokwezibalo zabo zangaphakathi, bakwazile ukufeza izinga lokusayina elingu-91% zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-45-55.
Amasu Asebenzayo Okulawula Izindleko Zakho Zonke Zokufika
Uma abathumeli kanye nabathengisi bemingcele beqaphela ngokugcwele izindleko ababhekene nazo, bangathatha izinyathelo ezibonakalayo zokunciphisa izindleko zokuthutha izinto ezinkulu zisuka eShayina ziye eFrance.
Okokuqala, isivumelwano sezimpahla. Xoxani ngamanani afaka konke lapho izindleko ze-OTHC, DTHC kanye ne-BAF zifakiwe esilinganisweni sokuthutha olwandle futhi zingafakwa njengezinto ezengeziwe ezingahlanganisiwe. Inkokhelo yokuthutha ephezulu kancane enezibambiso ezicacile ivame ukushibhile kunentengo ephansi enezingezo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emakethe lapho izinkokhelo ezengeziwe ze-BAF zodwa zingaguquguquka ngamakhulu amadola ngesitsha ngasinye kwikota eyodwa.
Enye inkinga enemiphumela emikhulu yezezimali ukuhlukaniswa okufanele kwamakhodi e-HS. Abathumeli abaningi basebenzisa amakhodi abanzi noma acishe afane ukumemezela izimpahla zabo, okungaholela ekukhokheni izindleko zokungenisa eziningi kunokudingekile noma, okubi nakakhulu, ukubambezeleka kanye nemibuzo yentela. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza nomthengisi wentela ochwepheshe eFrance ozoqinisekisa inombolo eqondile ye-TARIC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, kuzokongela imali nesikhathi. Isizindalwazi se-EU TARIC sisesidlangalaleni futhi kufanele sihlolwe ngaphambi kokuqedela ukubala kwakho izindleko zokufika.
Kwabathumeli ngobuningi obukhulu, ukuthunyelwa kwezitsha ezinama-SKU amaningana kunciphisa izindleko ze-THC kanye nemibhalo ngeyunithi ngayinye. Uma unevolumu ephezulu ngokwanele yanyanga zonke, ukusuka ekuthunyelweni kwe-LCL kuya ku-FCL kuzosusa izindleko ezengeziwe zokuphatha ngeyunithi ngayinye ezisetshenziswa ezingeni lesiteshi sezimpahla zezitsha (i-CFS), okungaba yi-USD 30-80 nge-cubic meter ngayinye.
Okokugcina kodwa okungabalulekile, kufanele ucabangele izindleko zomshuwalense owanele wempahla yakho enkulu, ngezinye izikhathi ezingafakwa ekubalweni kwezindleko ezifike phansi. umshwalense wezimpahla Imikhiqizo emikhulu ivame ukubiza u-0.3 kuya ku-0.8% wenani lempahla elishiwo. Ihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kanye nomonakalo ohambweni — okuyingozi enkulu yezinto ezinkulu ezidinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile kanye nemishini ezindaweni eziningana endleleni.
Isiphetho
Ukuthumela imikhiqizo emikhulu kusuka eShayina kuya eFrance kungaphezu kakhulu kwesilinganiso sempahla yasolwandle oyitholile ngombuzo wakho wokuqala. Izindleko zokuphatha izimpahla, intela yentela yaseFrance, isibopho se-VAT esingu-20%, izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli, izimali zokubhala kanye nezindleko zokulethwa kwezimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu konke kuhlanganisa izindleko eziphelele zokufika ezingaba phezulu kakhulu kunezilinganiso zakuqala uma kungalindelekile kahle, kokubili lapho zivela khona nalapho ziya khona.
Imfihlo yokulawula lezi zindleko ukucaca – ukucela ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko okuningiliziwe kumhlinzeki wakho wezokuthutha, ukuqonda uhlaka lokulawula eFrance, kanye nokusebenza nochwepheshe wezimpahla njengathi onolwazi lwangempela ekuphatheni imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha. Njengoba ibhizinisi le-e-commerce laseShayina eliwela imingcele likhula, futhi ukuncintisana emakethe yaseYurophu kukhula, ukukwazi ukuhlola ngokunembile nokwenza ngcono izindleko zakho ezifikayo kuba umehluko wokuncintisana, hhayi nje imininingwane yokusebenza.
Ezinkampanini ezizimisele ngomzila osuka eShayina uye eFrance, ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe wezimpahla ezinkulu onolwazi njengeTopway Shipping - enengqalasizinda yayo ezinikele yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu, amanani e-DDP asobala kanye nekhono lokulandelela ukuthunyelwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni - kuyindlela ethembekile kakhulu yokufeza ukuqiniseka ngezindleko kanye nokusebenza kokulethwa kulesi sigaba sezokuthutha esidinga kakhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Origin THC kanye ne-Destination THC?
A: I-Origin THC (OTHC) ikhokhiswa echwebeni lokulayisha laseShayina futhi ihlanganisa ukuphathwa kusuka esangweni lechweba kuya kwelinye. Indawo oya kuyo i-THC (DTHC) - Ikhokhiswa echwebeni lokufika eFrance, ihlanganisa ukuphathwa kwezimpahla kusuka esikebheni kuya esangweni lechweba. Zombili lezi zindleko zihlukile, futhi zombili zivela ku-invoyisi yakho yezimpahla. Kuye nge-Incoterms okuvunyelwene ngayo enkontilekeni yokuthumela, zombili zikhokhwa ngumnikazi wempahla ekugcineni.
Q: Ibalwa kanjani i-VAT yaseFrance ezimpahleni ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe ezivela eShayina?
A: IFrance ikhokhisa i-VAT engu-20% enanini le-CIF (izindleko zezimpahla + umshwalense + imikhiqizo) kanye nanoma iyiphi intela yentela. Uma, isibonelo, unenani le-CIF elingu-EUR 11,500 kanye nentela ye-EUR 575, uzokhokha i-VAT ku-EUR 12,075 okuyi-EUR 2,415. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2022, abangenisi abangebona abe-EU kuzodingeka babhalisele i-VAT yaseFrance, noma baqoke ummeleli wezezimali, ukuze bangenise imikhiqizo eFrance.
Q: Yini ebalwa njengempahla enkulu kakhulu noma enkulu kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphesheya kwemingcele yaseShayina?
A: Izimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu zivame ukuchazwa njenganoma iyiphi into eyodwa yezimpahla enesisindo esingafika kuma-metric tonnes angu-8, kanti noma yiluphi uhlangothi olulodwa lufinyelela kumamitha angu-8, kanye nokuphakama okungaphansi kwamamitha angu-2.57. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile imishini yokuzivocavoca yezentengiselwano, imishini yezimboni, amasethi amakhulu efenisha, izimoto zikagesi kanye nezinto eziningi zasekhaya. Lesi sigaba sidinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile lapho kuvela khona nalapho uya khona.
Q: Ingabe ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP kuhlale kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthunyelwa kusuka eShayina kuya eFrance?
A: I-DDP yenza impilo ibe lula kumthengi ngokwenza inqubo yokungenisa ibe lula futhi isuse izinto ezingalindelekile lapho kulethwa. Lokho kuhle kumabhizinisi e-e-commerce. Kodwa akuyona njalo inketho eshibhile futhi udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuze ubone ukuthi yini efakiwe. Kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukucela ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwe-DDP ngaphambi kokuyiqhathanisa nenye indlela ye-DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) noma i-DAP (Delivered at Place).
Q: Ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthumela imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu esuka eShayina iye eFrance ngomkhumbi?
A: Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhamba ngemithwalo ejwayelekile yolwandle esuka emachwebeni amakhulu aseShayina eya eLe Havre noma eMarseille cishe izinsuku ezingama-45-50. Kubandakanya ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yasekhaya kanye nokulethwa kwempahla yasekhaya eFrance, ukuhamba kwempahla yasekhaya neyasekhaya kuvame ukuhluka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-50 nezingama-65 ngokusekelwe endaweni eqondile kanye nezindawo lapho uya khona, isikhathi sokucubungula impahla yasekhaya kanye nesheduli yokulethwa yenkampani yasekhaya yasekhaya.
