Kungani Iningi Labathumeli Bempahla Bakhokha Ngokweqile Emsebenzini Wezimpahla WaseShayina-Serbia
Isingeniso
Umzila wezohwebo waseShayina naseSerbia umatasa kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Umthamo wokuhweba phakathi kweShayina neSerbia ufinyelele ku-$7.46 billion ngo-2024, okuwukwenyuka ngamaphesenti angu-22.1 kunonyaka odlule, okubangelwa kakhulu yiSivumelwano Sokuhweba Okukhululekile saseShayina neSerbia esaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 1, 2024. Kwabangenisi lokhu kufanele kube yisikhathi esimangalisayo. Amanani entengo ancishisiwe ngaphezu kuka-60% wezigaba zemikhiqizo ngokushesha, ukumbozwa kudlula cishe ku-95% ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokwethiyori izindleko kufanele zehle.
Eqinisweni abathumeli abaningi bayaqhubeka nokukhokha ngokweqile - ngokuvamile kakhulu - ohlangothini lwezimpahla. Izinzuzo ze-FTA zidliwa amaphutha okuthutha angagwenywa: izindlela zokuthumela ezingafanele, izithiyo zamanani e-CIF, izimali ezengeziwe ezinganakwa kanye nokungaqondi kahle ukuthi impahla ye-China-Serbia isebenza kanjani ngempela. Kulesi sihloko ngichaza ngqo ukuthi imali yakho iya kuphi, ukuthi kungani iqhubeka nokuvuza nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uvale imigodi.
Ukwanda Kokuhweba Phakathi KweShayina NeSerbia - kanye Nenkinga Yezindleko Ezifihliwe
Indawo yeSerbia eNtshonalanga yeBalkans kanye nesimo sayo njengomlingani wokuqala wezohwebo olukhululekileyo waseShayina eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu kuholele ekukhuleni kokungeniswa kwempahla emikhakheni eyahlukene, kusukela emishinini nasezintweni zikagesi kuya ezindwangu kanye namamojula elanga. I-Belt and Road Initiative iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwengqalasizinda, kuyilapho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwaseShayina ekukhiqizweni kwaseSerbia kwenze uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla phakathi kwala mazwe amabili lwakhula kakhulu.
Kodwa inani lokuhweba elivuthiwe alisho ukuthi lizokwakha ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezivuthiwe. Iningi labangenisi baseSerbia, ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezincane neziphakathi nendawo, lisathembele kubaphakeli babo baseShayina ukuhlela izimpahla ngesisekelo se-CIF (Izindleko, Umshuwalense kanye Nempahla). Uma ubheka phezulu, leli lungiselelo libonakala lilula, kodwa lingenye yezindlela eziqinisekile zokusebenzisa imali eningi kuzo zonke izinto ezithunyelwayo. Abaphakeli baphawula amanani entengo yempahla, bakhetha izinkampani ezithwala impahla ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo hhayi ezidingweni zomthengi futhi banikeza ukucaca okuncane ngalokho umngenisi akusebenzisayo ngempela kwezokuthutha impahla.
Lobu bunzima buyanda uma abathumeli bezimpahla bengacabangi ngezindleko eziphelele zokufika. Ukuthutha olwandle kuyinto eyodwa kuphela. Ngaphezu kwentengo eyisisekelo yokuthutha, ungangeza izimali zokuphatha ichweba, izindleko zokuya lapho uya khona, izindleko zokuhlanza izimpahla zangaphandle, ezokuthutha zangaphakathi ezivela ePort of Bar eMontenegro noma eThessaloniki eGrisi (izindawo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zokuthutha izimpahla zasolwandle eziya eSerbia), kanye nezinye izindleko ezengeziwe ezingafinyelela ku-40-60% sezizonke. Abathumeli bezimpahla ababheka kuphela amanani aphezulu cishe bahlala benza izinqumo ngokusekelwe olwazini olunganele.
Izinketho Zokuthumela Ukusuka eShayina Kuya eSerbia — Izindleko Nezikhathi Zokuhamba
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekulawuleni izindleko ukwazi ezinye izindlela zokulethwa kwezimpahla. Umzila we-China-Serbia unezindlela ezintathu ezinkulu zokuhamba, ukuthutha impahla olwandle, umzila wesitimela futhi umthwalo wezindizaNgayinye inephrofayili yezindleko ezahlukene, ifasitela lokuhamba, kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza. Asikho isisombululo esisodwa esifanele futhi indlela efanele incike kumthamo wempahla, inani lempahla, ukuphuthuma kanye nezinkinga zokuhamba kwemali.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eziningi kusaphathwa kangcono ngempahla yolwandle. Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ngokusebenzisa amachweba amakhulu aseShayina (eShanghai, eNingbo, eGuangzhou) kuya emachwebeni aseduze akhonza iSerbia - ngokuvamile iBar (eMontenegro), eThessaloniki (eGrisi) noma eKoper (eSlovenia) - kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-30-45 ngokwesilinganiso, kanti ukulethwa okuphelele endlini ngendlu kufaka phakathi ezokuthutha zangaphakathi ezweni kungaba cishe izinsuku ezingama-45-55. Umnotho ngeyunithi ngayinye kunzima ukuwudlula ngempahla engeyona eyesikhathi.
Ukuthutha ngesitimela nge-China-Europe Railway Express sekuyindlela ephakathi nendawo: esheshayo kunolwandle (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-18-25 ukuya eBalkans), eshibhile kunomoya futhi ethembeke kakhulu njengoba ukwakhiwa komzila weBelt and Road kuqhubeka. Ngokuthunyelwa okuphuthumayo okuphakathi nendawo ebangeni le-CBM eli-1 kuya kwele-10, isitimela singaba yindlela ekhangayo iningi labangenisi elingakayicabangi kahle.
Ukuthunyelwa ngendiza kuyashesha (izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7) kodwa kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela ezimweni zenani eliphezulu, imithwalo enesisindo esincane noma izimo zokugcwalisa kabusha eziphuthumayo. Ku-$3.50-$6.00 ngekhilogramu kuye ngokuthi umzila uhanjiswa kanjani kanye nesizini, izibalo azivamile ukusebenza ezintweni ezivamile zezentengiselwano.
Ithebula 1: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwendlela Yokuthumela yaseShayina-Serbia (Inkomba ka-2025-2026)
| Imodi Yokuhambisa | Isikhathi Sokuthutha | Izindleko ezilinganiselwa (FCL/FEU) | Okuhle kakhulu |
| I-Ocean Freight (FCL) | Izinsuku ezingu-30–45 (ulwandle) + ngaphakathi nezwe | $2,500–$3,500 / FEU kuya ku-Medical. | Ukuthunyelwa ngobuningi, impahla engaphuthumi |
| I-Ocean Freight (LCL) | Izinsuku eziyi-40-55 (ukungena endlini ngendlu) | $35–$65 / CBM (isilinganiso sesisekelo) | Amavolumu amancane angaphansi kuka-12–15 CBM |
| Izimpahla Zesitimela (China-Europe) | Izinsuku eziyi-18-25 | $1,200–$2,200 / i-CBM equiv. | Ukuphuthuma okumaphakathi, ivolumu emaphakathi |
| I-Air Freight | Izinsuku eziyi-3-7 | $3.50–$6.00/kg | Inani eliphakeme, isisindo esiphansi, esiphuthumayo |
Izizathu Eziyisithupha Zokuthi Abathumeli Bakhokhe Kakhulu - Nokuthi Yini Okufanele Bayenze Ngayinye
Ukuthenga Ngemigomo ye-CIF Ngaphandle Kokungabaza Impahla
Mhlawumbe leli yiphutha elivame kakhulu futhi elibiza kakhulu ekuhwebeni kweShayina neSerbia. Uma nivumelana ngentengo ye-CIF, umhlinzeki waseShayina uzohlela izimpahla. Umhlinzeki ubhuka umuntu othumela impahla abanobudlelwano naye (futhi ngokuvamile uthola isaphulelo noma isaphulelo ezindleleni zokuthutha) futhi umthengi akanalo ulwazi lokuthi iyini intengo yangempela yemakethe. Ngokwephethini ebhalwe kahle, amanani okuthutha impahla angu-15-30% ngaphezu kwamanani emakethe asakazeke kakhulu kulo mkhakha. I-CIF Uma uthuthela emigomeni ye-FOB (Free On Board) futhi usebenzisa owakho uthumela impahla, ungathatha ukulawula lo mugqa wezindleko bese unqamula inani lokuthumela impahla.
Ukukhetha i-FCL Uma i-LCL Ilungile — noma Ngokuphambene nalokho
Iphuzu lapho i-LCL ishibhile khona kune-FCL ngezindleko eziphelele licishe libe yi-13–15 CBM. Ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo cishe kushibhile njalo ukwabelana ngendawo yesitsha nabanye abathumeli kunokubhukha isitsha esigcwele. Ngokwesisekelo se-CBM ngayinye, i-FCL ishibhile futhi inikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe kwempahla ngaphezu kwayo. Abathumeli abaningi basebenzisa imodeli eyodwa kuphela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthwalo mkhulu kangakanani. Umthengi ohlala ethumela ama-CBM angu-8 esitsheni esingamamitha angu-20 ukhokhela ama-CBM angu-14 esikhala esingenalutho. Okwamanje, umthengi othumela ama-CBM angu-18 nge-LCL ulahlekelwa yimali yokuyisebenzisa ngezinga le-FCL kuleli nani.
Ukungazinaki Izindleko Ezifihliwe Nezindleko Zokuya Endaweni
Izilinganiso zezimpahla zasolwandle ngokuvamile azizona amanani aphelele. Izinga eliyisisekelo lingelaselwandle kodwa ukuthunyelwa okuvamile okuvela eShayina kuya eSerbia kuzobiza: i-Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) noma i-fuel surcharge, i-Terminal Handling Charge (THC) lapho iqala khona, i-Destination Delivery Charge (DDC) echwebeni lokwamukela, imali yokuphatha i-Container Freight Station (CFS) yempahla ye-LCL, izimali zokususwa kwempahla yendawo kanye nokuthutha amaloli angaphakathi ezweni kusukela echwebeni kuya ekhelini lokugcina lokulethwa eSerbia. Isilinganiso esiyisisekelo se-LCL esingu-$45/CBM empeleni singagcina singu-$90-130/CBM uma zonke izindleko sezihlanganisiwe. Abangenisi abenza izinqumo zemodi ngokusekelwe emananini ayisisekelo baqhathanisa ama-apula nama-orenji.
Ithebula 2: Ukwahlukaniswa Kwezindleko Ezijwayelekile ze-LCL — iShayina kuya eSerbia (Ngokulinganiselwa kwe-CBM)
| I-Cost Component | Ibanga Elijwayelekile (nge-CBM ngayinye) | amanothi |
| Izimpahla zasolwandle eziyisisekelo | $ 35- $ 65 | Iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngenkampani yenethiwekhi nangesizini |
| Izimali ze-THC kanye ne-CFS zomsuka | $ 8- $ 15 | Ikhokhiswa echwebeni laseShayina |
| Inkokhelo eyengeziwe kaphethiloli / ye-BAF | $ 5- $ 12 | Iyashintshashintsha amanani kawoyela |
| Izindleko ze-DDC/port zokuya lapho uya khona | $ 10- $ 20 | Ichweba leBar / Thessaloniki / Koper |
| Ukuvunyelwa kwentela (iSerbia) | $80–$200 ifulethi ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye | Kunconywa umthengisi ochwepheshe |
| Amaloli aphakathi nezwe ukuya endaweni oya kuyo | ifulethi elibiza u-$100–$300+ | Ibanga ukusuka echwebeni kuya edolobheni lokulethwa |
| Izindleko ezilinganiselwayo zokufika | $90–$130 / CBM + izimali ezilinganiselwe | Iguquguquka kakhulu; hlala uthola izingcaphuno eziphelele |
Ukungasebenzisi Isitifiketi Sokuqala Se-FTA SaseShayina-Serbia
Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 kuJulayi 2024, iSivumelwano Sokuhweba Okukhululekile saseShayina neSerbia sisuse intela engaphezu kuka-60% yezigaba zomkhiqizo, sihlose ukufeza ukumbozwa kwentela engu-95%. Ngaphambi kwe-FTA, abathumeli baseSerbia bakhokha intela yokungenisa engu-5-20% ezimpahleni zaseShayina. I-CIF engu-$50,000 ebiza u-$50,000 ifaka intela engu-10% engu-$5,000 emsebenzini - konke kuhambe namaphepha afanele e-FTA. Kodwa kunenani elikhulu labathumeli abangayazi i-FTA noma ukuthi bangayithola kanjani iSitifiketi Sokuqala Esifanele (Ifomu le-FTA yaseShayina neSerbia) noma abathembele kubaphakeli abangasikhiphi ngenkuthalo. Lokhu kuyindleko emsulwa futhi engagwenywa ngokuphelele ngemibhalo emincane.
Ukungafaki Isikhathi Ukuthunyelwa Okuzungeze Izilinganiso Zemijikelezo
"Azikho izimpahla ezihleliwe ezivela eShayina ziya eYurophu. Zilandela izitayela ezijikelezayo ezibikezelwayo - amanani avame ukukhuphuka cishe ngoNyaka Omusha waseShayina (ekupheleni kukaJanuwari/ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari) futhi futhi esicongweni sika-Agasti-Septhemba ngaphambi kweholide njengoba abathengisi baseNtshonalanga bakha isitoko sekota yesi-4. Ngokuvamile, amanani aphansi kakhulu abonakala emafasiteleni kaMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kanye nasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Sekukonke, izitayela zomthamo zibe zinhle kubangenisi ngo-2025-2026. Ukwanda kwemikhumbi kanye nomthamo oweqile kugcine amazinga ezitsha ngaphansi kakhulu kwamazinga enhlekelele ka-2021-2022. Indlela evamile emigwaqweni yase-Asia-Europe ingcindezi eyehlayo kumanani. Abangenisi abakwaziyo ukulinganisa imijikelezo yabo yokuthenga ukuze basebenzise amafasitela okuthumela angaphandle kwesikhathi esiphezulu bangagcina imali enkulu ngenkathi bengashintshanga okunye okuguquguqukayo.
Ukusebenza Nabahlinzeki Bezinto Zokuthutha Abangenalwazi Noma Abahlukene
Abathumeli abaningi bahlanganisa izinto zabo zokuthutha ezivela kubaphakeli abaningana - i-ejenti eShayina yokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, umthengisi wezimpahla ezahlukene eSerbia, kanye nenkampani yamaloli yasendaweni. Ukudluliselwa ngakunye kuyindawo yokwehluleka okungenzeka kanye nethuba lokuthola imali Izinkampani zokuthutha ezihlanganisiwe ezimboza uchungechunge oluphelele - ukuthathwa kwempahla okuvela kuyo, amasiko okuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, ukuthutha olwandle, amasiko okungenisa impahla eSerbia, kanye nokulethwa kwempahla ngaphakathi ezweni - ngokuvamile zinamanani ashibhile ngenxa yenani labathwali, impendulo esheshayo yenkinga kanye nokuziphendulela okuhlanzekile. Njengoba kungasindi lutho, inqubo yokusabalalisa impahla kancane kancane imane isakaze inani phakathi kwama-invoyisi amaningana, okwenza kube nzima ukulibona lonke.
Ithuba le-FTA: Ingabe Uthola Imali Yakho Yokonga Engenayo I-Zero-Tariff?
I-FTA ye-China neSerbia ifanelwe ingxenye yayo ngenxa yokonga okukhulu okungenzeka okungasetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, esasayinwa ngo-Okthoba 2023 futhi esiqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 1, 2024, iSerbia ithembise ukususa intela yempahla yaseShayina, okuhlanganisa izimoto, amamojula e-photovoltaic, amabhethri e-lithium, imishini yokuxhumana, imishini nezinto ezingasebenzi kahle - izigaba ezazikhokhiswa intela kusukela ku-5% kuya ku-20%. Ngenxa yalokho, iShayina yasusa intela yemikhiqizo yezolimo yaseSerbia kanye nokunye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuze bafanelekele amazinga entela akhethekile, abangenisi kumele bafake isitifiketi sokuqala esisemthethweni esikhishwe ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-FTA lwaseShayina-Serbia kanye nokuthunyelwa kwabo. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zivelaphi eShayina nokuthi ziyafaneleka ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Umthumeli waseShayina ufaka isicelo egunyeni laseShayina elifanele (ngokuvamile i-China Council for the Promotion of International Trade noma igunya eligunyaziwe lamasiko) ukuze athole isitifiketi. Kungumthwalo womthumeli wangaphandle ukuhlola nomthombo wakhe ukuthi amaphepha anikezwe kahle futhi awalethe emasikweni aseSerbia ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla.
Ingozi ukungazinaki. Akubona bonke abahlinzeki baseShayina abaphatha amadokhumenti e-FTA ngendlela efanele. Uma umhlinzeki wakho engakhulumanga ngeSitifiketi Sokuqala ezingxoxweni zakho zokuthenga, buza ngakho. Umehluko phakathi kokukhokha intela engu-10-15% nokungakhokhi lutho umehluko phakathi kokungenisa okunenzuzo nokungenzi nzuzo ezinhlotsheni eziningana zezimpahla.
Ithebula 3: Isampula Yokonga Kwe-FTA Tariff Ekuthunyelweni kwe-CIF okungu-$100,000
| Isigaba somkhiqizo | Izinga Lomsebenzi Wangaphambi Kwe-FTA | Izinga Lomsebenzi Ngemva Kwe-FTA | Ukonga ku-$100K CIF |
| Amamojula we-Photovoltaic | 10% | 0% | $10,000 |
| Amabhethri e-lithium | 15% | 0% | $15,000 |
| imishini yezokuxhumana | 8% | 0% | $8,000 |
| Imishini nemishini | I-5-12% | 0% | $ 5,000- $ 12,000 |
| Izindwangu (amakhodi e-HS akhethiwe) | 12% | 0% | $12,000 |
Ukukhetha Uzakwethu Olungile Wezinto Zokusebenza
Ungaba nokuqonda konke okunecebo emhlabeni kodwa akubalulekile kangako ngaphandle komlingani wezokuthutha okwaziyo ukwenza lokho. Abangenisi kudingeka bahlole abalingani ngezindlela eziningana ngaphandle kwentengo, ikakhulukazi emhubheni waseShayina-Serbia: ulwazi ngezinqubo zamasiko eBalkans, ikhono lokusingatha izinketho eziningi (ulwandle, isitimela, umoya), ukujula kobudlelwano bezinkampani ezithwala impahla emigwaqweni yaseShayina-Yurophu, kanye nokucaca kwangempela emananini - okusho izingcaphuno eziphelele ezimboza zonke izindleko ezibikezelwayo.
Yilapho iTopway Shipping yenza khona umehluko omkhulu kubathumeli abasebenzisa lo mzila. I-Topway Shipping yasungulwa eShenzhen ngo-2010, futhi ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni kuzo zonke izici zezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe. Ithimba elisungule linolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-15 lwezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye namakhono aqinile okusebenza ekuthuthweni kokuqala, ekugcinweni kwezimpahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ekuhlanzweni kwezimpahla zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokulethwa kwezimpahla zokugcina.
I-Topway Shipping inikeza izinsizakalo zokuthutha zaselwandle ze-FCL kanye ne-LCL eziguquguqukayo zabathumeli bezimpahla besuka eShayina beya eSerbia beya kuzo zonke izikhumulo ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa amasango aseMedithera nase-Adriatic akhonza imakethe yaseSerbia. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuthutha iphalethi elilodwa lezinto zikagesi noma isitsha esigcwele semishini yezimboni, imodeli ye-logistics ehlanganisiwe ye-Topway ixazulula inkinga yokuhlukana - umlingani oyedwa, iphuzu elilodwa lokuziphendulela, kanye nesakhiwo samanani esisekelwe ekukhanyeni, hhayi ekukhanyeni.
Uma umusha emzileni waseShayina kuya eSerbia noma ucabanga ukuhlela kabusha uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka olukhona, indlela yokubonisana yeTopway Shipping isho ukuthi ingxoxo iqala ngezidingo zebhizinisi lakho, hhayi ikhadi lentengo elijwayelekile. Lowo mehluko ubalulekile uma uthuthukisa uchungechunge lwezokuthutha oluyinkimbinkimbi, hhayi nje ukubhukha ibhokisi.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokunciphisa Izindleko Olusebenzayo Lokuthunyelwa Okuya ESerbia
Uma ungumthengisi wezimpahla futhi ufuna ukuthatha isinyathelo manje, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zizokunikeza ukonga okunenjongo ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu zesakhiwo ku-supply chain yakho.
Bese ushintshela okunye kokuthenga kwakho kumigomo ye-FOB, bese uhlela izimpahla nge-forwarder yakho. Ngisho noma wenza umthwalo owodwa kuphela ekuhlolweni, ungase ubone ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho ubegcwalisa yini izimpahla ngokuqhathanisa isamba sakho se-FOB kanye nezindleko zokuthutha nezindleko zakho zakudala ze-CIF.
Buza umhlinzeki wakho waseShayina ukuthi unikeza iSitifiketi Sokuqala ngaphansi kwe-FTA yaseShayina-Serbia ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye okufanelekile. Uma bengazi ngale nqubo, bazise ngalokhu futhi usize umthengisi wakho wezimpahla eSerbia uma kudingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadokhumenti afanele alethwa ekukhishweni kwempahla.
Thola izingcaphuno eziphelele ezivela kumthengisi wezimpahla zakho, hhayi nje kuphela amanani ayisisekelo olwandle. Ingcaphuno kufanele ihlanganise zonke izindleko kusukela emnyango wefektri waseShayina kuya emnyango wakho eSerbia: ukuthutha, intela yokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, imithwalo yolwandle, zonke izindleko ezengeziwe, intela yechweba lokuya kulo, ukuvunyelwa kwentela yokungenisa impahla kanye nokulethwa kwempahla ngaphakathi ezweni. Noma iyiphi enye indlela akuyona ukuqhathanisa izindleko kwangempela.
Hlola umlando wosayizi wempahla yakho. Uma uthumela njalo ngaphansi kwe-12 CBM, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-LCL. Uma uthumela ngaphezu kwe-15 CBM, intengo ye-FCL. Uma uphakathi nendawo gijima izinombolo kuzo zombili izinketho zomzila wakho othize.
Okokugcina, thutha ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuJanuwari, Agasti kanye noSepthemba lapho ukuhamba kwemali kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla kuvumela. Ngisho nokuguquguquka okuncane ekhalendeni lakho lokuthenga kungakongela izimpahla ngo-10-20% ngokugwema ukwanda kwezindleko zesizini ephezulu.
Isiphetho
Umzila wezimpahla waseShayina-Serbia ubulokhu uthuthuka isikhathi eside, futhi isimo sesakhiwo - i-FTA, ekhulisa inani lokuhweba kanye nemikhuba emihle yamandla ka-2025-2026 - ilungele kakhulu ukwehlisa izindleko zokufika kwabangenisi. Kodwa imakethe ngeke inikeze ukonga okunjalo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kudingeka kube ngenhloso. Ukubukeza ama-incoterms, ukubandakanya umlingani wezokuthutha ofanelekayo, ukuqopha imibhalo ye-FTA ngendlela efanele nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nendlela yokuthumela ngokusekelwe ekuboneni kwezindleko ezigcwele.
Iningi labangenisi abachitha imali eningi kakhulu eShayina – izimpahla zaseSerbia azenzi kanjalo ngoba azikho izinketho, bakwenza ngenxa yokudinwa, ulwazi olubi kanye namalungiselelo okuthutha angahlangani. Ubunzima ngabunye bungaxazululwa. Abangenisi abazinika isikhathi sokubhekana nabo ngendlela ehlelekile bazothola ukuthi isimo sabo sokuncintisana siyathuthuka hhayi ngoba intengo yabaphakeli babo yehlile, kodwa ngoba izindleko zabo zokuthutha zehlile.
Ukubambisana nomlingani onolwazi olufana neTopway Shipping kungasheshisa leyo nqubo kakhulu, kulethe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yobuchwepheshe bezokuthutha, ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwezinkampani ezithwala impahla, kanye nokucaca kwangempela endaweni lapho lezo zinto zingatholakali khona kakhulu kunalokho okufanele zibe yikho. Kukhona ukonga. Umbuzo uwukuthi, ingabe usukulungele ukuzibamba.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Ingabe i-FTA yaseShayina-Serbia iyasebenza kuyo yonke imikhiqizo?
A: Ingabe intela ye-zero kuzo zonke imikhiqizo iyatholakala ngokushesha? A: Cha, nokho kukhona ukumbozwa okubanzi. Ukususwa kwentela kokuqala kwakuhlanganisa okungaphezu kuka-60% wemigqa yemikhiqizo ngoJulayi 1, 2024, futhi kuzoqhubekela phambili kuntela ye-zero ku-95% yemikhiqizo kuyo yonke inkathi yokungena. Xhumana nomthengisi wakho wezimpahla ukuze uqinisekise ikhodi ye-HS efanele yezimpahla zakho ohlelweni lwentela ye-FTA.
Q: Yisiphi isikhathi sokuthumela esisheshayo esingokoqobo sisuka eShayina siya eSerbia ngolwandle?
A: Ngokweqiniso, isikhathi esisheshayo sokuthutha imithwalo yolwandle ukusuka emnyango kuya emnyango kungaba cishe izinsuku ezingama-40-45; salokho, isikhathi sokuthutha olwandle ukuya echwebeni laseMedithera/i-Adriatic siyizinsuku ezingama-30-35, kanye nokususwa kwempahla yentela kanye nokuthutha amaloli angaphakathi ezweni ukuya endaweni yokugcina. Ngemithwalo yesitimela ingancishiswa ibe yizinsuku ezingaba ngu-25 kuya ku-30 ukusuka emnyango kuya komunye.
U: Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise i-LCL noma i-FCL ekuthumeleni kwami eSerbia?
A: Umthetho oyinhloko uthi i-LCL yempahla engaphansi kuka-12-13 CBM kanye ne-FCL yanoma yini engaphezu kuka-15 CBM. Qhathanisa amanani aphelele kuzo zombili izinketho ngaphakathi kwezindlela ezithile njengoba ezomnotho zingashintsha noma yikuphi ngokusekelwe endleleni nesikhathi.
U: Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi umhlinzeki wami ubhala phansi izindleko zokuthutha ze-CIF?
A: Ukuhlolwa okulula kakhulu ukuthola umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi akunike intengo ye-FOB eqhathaniswayo, bese uthola intengo yezimpahla ezivela kumthengisi ofana ne-Topway Shipping yomzila ofanayo. Uma i-CIF yakho iyonke iphakeme ngo-1-2% kune-FOB kanye nempahla, cishe ukhokha i-markup.
Q: Yiziphi izimbobo ezivame ukusetshenziselwa zona impahla yasolwandle kusuka eShayina kuya eSerbia?
A: Amasango amathathu echweba athandwa kakhulu okuthuthwa kwempahla eya eSerbia yiPort of Koper (Slovenia), Port of Thessaloniki (Greece) kanye nePort of Bar (Montenegro). “Inketho engcono kakhulu incike edolobheni lakho lokugcina lokulethwa eSerbia kanye namashejuli amanje enkampani yokuthutha emzileni ngamunye.
