Xa khoom ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees: Tus lej EORI, Nws Yog Dab Tsi thiab Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Tau Ib Qho
When you are importing goods from Tuam Tshoj mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, one document will make or break your customs clearance before your container even reaches the port: the EORI naj npawb. Without it, your declaration cannot be processed by German kev lis kev cai, your goods will remain in a bonded warehouse, incurring demurrage, and ultimately your buyer or your own business will be paying charges that could have been avoided by a five minute registration. In this article, we’ll explain what an EORI number is, why it is important for China – Germany trade channels, how this number is made up, who legally needs to have one, and the exact processes to apply through German customs in 2026. We will also discuss where a freight forwarder like Topway Shipping fits into the process along the way, as the paperwork side of importing is rarely the hard part once you get your head around the system.
Tus lej EORI yog dab tsi?
EORI yog dab tsi? EORI yog luv rau Tus lej Sau Npe thiab Qhia Txog Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm Kev Lag Luam. Nws yog tus lej tshwj xeeb uas tau muab rau txhua lub tuam txhab lossis tus neeg uas ua haujlwm kev lis kev cai hauv European Union, suav nrog kev xa khoom tuaj, xa tawm lossis thauj khoom ntawm ciam teb sab nraud ntawm EU. Lub kaw lus tau dov tawm thoob plaws EU hauv xyoo 2009, hloov cov lej sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov lej lis kev cai hauv tebchaws nrog ib qho cim uas txhua lub tebchaws koom tes lees paub.
Qhov tseeb, tus lej EORI ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li tus lej VAT rau lub hom phiaj them se, tab sis tsuas yog siv rau kev tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai, cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg thiab taug qab cov khoom xa tuaj thaum lawv hla mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm thaj chaw EU. Yog tias ib lub tuam txhab thov tus lej EORI hauv ib lub tebchaws EU nws siv tau rau tag nrho pawg, yog li tus lej EORI uas tau muab tawm hauv lub tebchaws Yelemees kuj tseem siv tau rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom hauv Rotterdam, Hamburg lossis lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj EU.
Yog tias koj tau tsim tsa hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lis Kev Cai, lub koom haum kev lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, yuav sau npe koj rau EORI. Yog tias koj tau tsim tsa sab nraum EU, koj yuav tsum sau npe nrog Lub Xeev Tswv Cuab uas koj ua koj daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai thawj zaug lossis thov kev txiav txim siab txog kev lis kev cai.
Vim li cas tus lej EORI tseem ceeb rau kev xa khoom ntawm Tuam Tshoj-Lub Tebchaws Yelemees
Lub teb chaws Yelemes tseem yog ib lub rooj vag tseem ceeb rau cov khoom lag luam Suav nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam European, ua tsaug rau nws qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv Hamburg thiab Bremerhaven thiab nws qhov chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab rau kev faib khoom thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Txhua qhov kev xa khoom lag luam hla ciam teb ntawd, txawm tias los ntawm hiav txwv, huab cua lossis tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Tuam Tshoj - Tebchaws Europe txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai txuas nrog nws thiab tsis muaj daim ntawv tshaj tawm tuaj yeem xa tsis muaj tus lej EORI raug cai txuas nrog nws.
Qhov no muaj tseeb txawm tias tus nqi xa khoom li cas los xij. Tsis muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev xa khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws, hauv qab no tus lej EORI yog xaiv tau. Ib lub pallet ntawm cov qauv thiab lub thawv tiav 40-foot ntawm cov khoom tiav lawm raug kho tib yam ntawm lub txee kev lis kev cai: tsis muaj EORI, tsis muaj kev tshem tawm. Nws kuj txhais tau tias rau cov neeg muag khoom e-commerce siv cov kev pabcuam FBA lossis xa khoom los ntawm lawv lub tsev rau khoom txawv teb chaws, tus lej yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua ntej thawj qhov kev xa khoom tuaj txog, tsis yog tom qab cov khoom thauj twb tuaj txog ntawm chaw nres nkoj lawm.
Muaj ib qho kev zam me me rau cov neeg ntiag tug uas tsis koom nrog kev ua lag luam thiab cov uas ua ntawv tshaj tawm tsawg dua 10 daim ntawv pov thawj kev lis kev cai txhua xyoo. Tab sis yuav luag txhua tus neeg muag khoom uas tau txais khoom los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom Suav tsis suav nrog qhov kev zam ntawd thaum lub sijhawm ua lag luam hloov mus ua lag luam.
Hom Ntawv thiab Cov Qauv ntawm EORI
Tus lej EORI ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj tus qauv txheem: tus lej teb chaws ob tsab ntawv DE, ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv sau se ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm tus lej VAT ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nov yog cov qauv ntawm tus lej uas tau teeb tsa kom raug hauv daim ntawv qhia hauv qab no.
| caij | Hauj lwm | Piv txwv li |
| Lub teb chaws code | Ob tsab ntawv qhia txog lub xeev uas yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm EU | DE |
| Tus neeg teb xov tooj qhia | Feem ntau yog los ntawm tus lej VAT/se ntawm German | 123456789 |
| Tus lej EORI tag nrho | Tus lej teb chaws ntxiv rau tus cim qhia, tsis muaj qhov chaw lossis hyphens | DE123456789 |
| Kev siv tau | Siv tau thoob plaws tag nrho 27 lub tebchaws EU thaum twg muab tawm | EU thoob plaws |
Rau cov tuam txhab uas tsis yog EU uas sau npe ncaj qha rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, vim tias lub teb chaws Yelemees yog lawv thawj qhov chaw nkag mus rau hauv EU, lawv tau txais tus lej hauv tib hom ntawv DE prefix, tsis hais seb lub lag luam tiag tiag nyob hauv Shenzhen, Guangzhou lossis lwm qhov chaw hauv Suav teb.
Leej twg tiag tiag yuav tsum tau sau npe
Txhua lub lag luam uas tau tsim tsa hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees uas xa khoom tuaj lossis xa tawm sab nraud EU xav tau tus lej EORI. Xaus ntawm zaj dab neeg. Qhov no suav nrog cov tub luam ib leeg, GmbHs thiab cov ceg sau npe ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws.
Also, Chinese exporters and factories selling on a DDP (delivered duty paid) basis, where the seller in China is the importer ntawm cov ntaub ntawv into Germany, will need their own EORI number as customs will not transfer the consignment to an entity that is not registered. Many Chinese manufacturers overlook this requirement, thinking that they can use their freight forwarder’s EORI number instead, which is not the case – the number has to be assigned to whoever is the legally recognised importer or exporter on the customs declaration.
Cov neeg xa khoom German uas yuav los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom Suav teb raws li FOB lossis CIF, nrog tus neeg yuav khoom German ua tus neeg xa khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kuj xav tau tus lej. Yog tias koj tab tom khiav lag luam Amazon FBA hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, lub khw Shopify xa khoom los ntawm lub tsev rau khoom hauv Tebchaws Europe, lossis kev lag luam wholesale, koj tus lej EORI yuav nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm koj daim ntawv teev npe ua raws li kev cai - tom qab koj sau npe VAT.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Tau Tus lej EORI hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, Kauj Ruam Yog Kauj Ruam
Kev sau npe tsuas yog ua los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lis Kev Cai (Generaldirektion Zoll) thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, yog pub dawb xwb. Koj tsis tas yuav them tus neeg thib peb los xa daim ntawv thov rau koj, txawm hais tias ntau lub tuam txhab logistics thiab kev cai lij choj muab kev pab them nqi rau cov tuam txhab uas tsis xav cuam tshuam nrog German bureaucracy lawv tus kheej.
Txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam sau npe hauv tebchaws Yelemes yog Customs Citizen and Business Customer Portal, uas xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj ELSTER, tib daim ntawv pov thawj digital uas cov lag luam German twb siv rau kev sau se. Thaum koj nkag mus rau hauv koj tus account lawm, koj yuav mus rau nplooj ntawv rau kev tswj hwm cov lej EORI, sau koj cov ntaub ntawv tuam txhab thiab tus lej VAT thiab xa daim ntawv thov online.
Los yog, cov neeg thov uas tsis xav siv lub portal online lossis cov uas tseem tsis tau muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ELSTER tuaj yeem rub tawm daim ntawv thov los ntawm lub vev xaib kev lis kev cai, ua kom tiav los ntawm tes thiab xa nws los ntawm kev xa ntawv, email lossis fax mus rau chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Cai Lij Choj. Txoj kev ntev dua li txoj kev digital.
| Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Siv | Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm Zoo | Sau ntawv |
| Hauv online ntawm Customs Portal (ELSTER nkag mus) | Feem ntau tsis pub dhau ib lub lim tiam | Txoj kev ceev tshaj plaws; xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj ELSTER |
| Daim ntawv thov xa ntawv los yog email (raws li daim ntawv) | Kwv yees li ob mus rau peb lub lis piam | Tsis tas yuav muaj daim ntawv pov thawj digital |
| Thov los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev kev lis kev cai lossis tus neeg xa khoom | Nws txawv ntawm tus kws kho mob | Pab tau thaum xav tau kev pab txog kev sau ntaub ntawv lossis kev txhais lus |
Lub Chaw Haujlwm yuav kuaj xyuas koj daim ntawv xa tuaj thiab koj yuav tau txais koj tus lej EORI los ntawm kev xa ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug xa mus rau lub hauv paus ntaub ntawv EORI ntawm European Commission qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas tus lej online txhua lub sijhawm.
Cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav xav tau
Cov ntaub ntawv tseeb uas yuav tsum tau muaj yuav nyob ntawm seb koj puas tab tom sau npe ua tus neeg ib leeg, tus neeg ua lag luam ib leeg lossis lub tuam txhab muaj tsawg, tab sis feem ntau cov ntawv thov thov cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tib yam.
| Daim Ntawv / Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv | lub hom phiaj |
| Tus lej VAT German (Umsatzsteuer-ID) | Siv los tsim cov feem ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj ntawm tus lej EORI |
| Lag luam sau npe Extract (Handelsregisterauszug) | lees paub qhov raug cai ntawm lub tuam txhab |
| Company address and contact details | Sau npe ua tus neeg teb xov tooj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb |
| Daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm tus neeg sawv cev raug cai | Paub meej tias leej twg tau tso cai ua haujlwm rau lub tuam txhab |
| Kev piav qhia txog kev npaj ua haujlwm ntshuam/xa tawm | Pab cov neeg lis kev cai faib cov hom lag luam |
Cov Yuam Kev Feem Ntau Uas Ua Rau Kev Xa Khoom Mus Rau Tuam Tshoj-Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Ncua Sijhawm
Qhov yuam kev feem ntau yog tos kom txog thaum cov khoom twb nyob hauv dej ua ntej pib ua daim ntawv thov EORI. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj feem ntau tsis xav txog cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai kom txog thaum lawv cov khoom thauj nyob ntawm chaw nres nkoj tsis muaj qhov chaw mus, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv paub qhov sib txawv. Kev thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv los ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau Hamburg feem ntau siv sijhawm ntau lub lis piam, uas yog ntau dua li lub sijhawm txaus los ua kom tiav kev sau npe.
Lwm qhov teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau yog qhov tsis paub meej tias yuav siv tus lej EORI twg rau ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Rau kev xa khoom DDP nws yog tus lej ntawm tus neeg xa khoom Suav teb. Rau kev xa khoom FOB lossis EXW nws yog tus lej ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom German uas muaj nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv. Ua yuam kev thiab daim ntawv tshaj tawm raug tsis lees txais thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas tsis xav tau.
Ib qho yuam kev uas tsis pom tseeb yog xav tias tus lej EORI los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws EU yuav suav nrog ib lub koom haum lag luam tshiab. Tus lej EORI ntawm lub tuam txhab niam txiv tsis tuaj yeem siv dua rau lub tuam txhab German tshiab. Txhua lub koom haum raug cai, txawm tias nyob hauv tib pawg tuam txhab, yuav tsum tau sau npe sib cais.
Qhov twg tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem
Koj tsis tas yuav muaj tus neeg xa khoom mus rau lwm qhov chaw kom tau tus lej EORI, qhov no yog kev sau npe ncaj qha nrog lub chaw lis kev cai German. Tus neeg xa khoom khwv tau nws txoj cai hauv txhua yam uas tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig tus lej ntawd: xyuas kom tseeb tias cov lej HS raug tshaj tawm, tias cov se thiab VAT raug suav kom raug, tias daim ntawv them nqi thiab daim ntawv them nqi lag luam phim qhov kev lis kev cai xav tau, thiab tias cov khoom xa tuaj tsis nres ntawm chaw nres nkoj vim muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis sib xws qhov twg hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
That is where Topway Shipping comes in. “Founded in 2010, Shenzhen-based Topway Shipping is a cross-border e-commerce logistics provider with rich experience in shipping cargo from Chinese factories to destination markets including Germany and the broader EU. The founding team has more than 15 years of combined experience in international logistics and customs clearance. While the company earned its initial reputation in China-U.S. lanes, its service model – first-leg trucking, ocean freight, overseas warehousing, customs clearance and last-mile delivery – is equally applicable to cargo headed for Europe.
Topway Shipping muab kev pabcuam thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv uas muaj puv thawv thiab tsawg dua thawv rau cov tuam txhab xa khoom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tso cai rau cov neeg xa khoom me me los sib sau ua ke lawv cov khoom nrog lwm tus neeg xa khoom es tsis txhob them rau tag nrho cov thawv uas lawv tsis xav tau. Lawv pab xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv ua tau raws li qhov kev lis kev cai German xav tau ua ntej lub thawv tawm hauv chaw nres nkoj Suav teb, feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev xa khoom uas tshem tawm hauv ib hnub thiab ib qho uas zaum tos daim ntawv kho dua tshiab.
Nrog tus lej EORI uas tau muab tawm zoo thiab tus neeg xa khoom uas nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem xa khoom tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, feem ntau ntawm kev kwv yees raug coj tawm ntawm thawj zaug xa khoom thiab rau cov neeg xa khoom rov qab, kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai dhau los ua ib kauj ruam niaj hnub es tsis yog qhov ua rau ncua sijhawm.
xaus
Tus lej EORI yog ib daim ntawv me me uas tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv loj rau qhov koj tau txais koj cov khoom los ntawm lub Hoobkas hauv Suav teb mus rau lub tsev rau khoom (lossis lub khw muag khoom) hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws yog pub dawb, daim ntawv thov online feem ntau raug ua tiav hauv ib lub lis piam ntawm German Customs Portal thiab daim ntawv tso cai tau muab siv tau hauv tag nrho EU. Qhov kev pheej hmoo tiag tiag tsis yog kev sau npe nws tus kheej, tab sis lub sijhawm. Tso nws kom txog thaum cov khoom thauj twb tau mus txog lossis txuas tus lej ntawm tus neeg tsis raug rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm yog ob qho kev ua yuam kev feem ntau uas ua rau kev xa khoom ib txwm mus rau hauv kev ncua sijhawm kim. Ua ke tus lej EORI raug sau npe nrog tus khub logistics uas twb nkag siab txog cov cai German kev lis kev cai, xws li Topway Shipping, thiab txoj kev taug kev los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom Suav mus rau tus neeg siv khoom German dhau los ua qhov kwv yees tau zoo dua.
FAQ
Q: Kuv puas xav tau tus lej EORI yog tias kuv tsuas xa ob peb lub pob khoom me me hauv ib xyoos los ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees?
A: Yog, yog tias cov khoom xa tuaj yog khoom lag luam, tsis muaj qhov txwv tus nqi. Tsuas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov tib neeg uas ua tsawg dua kaum daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai hauv ib xyoos rau cov haujlwm tsis yog lag luam.
Q: Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj tau txais tus lej EORI hauv lub tebchaws Yelemees?
A: Cov ntawv thov online uas xa los ntawm Customs Citizen thiab Business Customer Portal feem ntau yuav siv sijhawm li ib lub lim tiam, tab sis cov ntawv thov uas xa los ntawm kev xa ntawv lossis email yuav siv sijhawm ob mus rau peb lub lim tiam.
Q: Puas muaj tus nqi thov tus lej German EORI?
A: Tsis yog, kev sau npe nrog German kev lis kev cai yog pub dawb. Qee lub tuam txhab sab nraud yuav them nqi los pab koj nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Tsoomfwv tsis them nqi rau koj los muab tus lej.
Q: Kuv puas siv tau kuv tus lej EORI hauv lwm lub tebchaws EU dua li lub tebchaws Yelemes?
A: Kuv puas siv tau tus lej EORI uas muab tawm hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees los tshem tawm cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj hauv Netherlands lossis Belgium? A: Yog, tus lej EORI uas muab tawm nyob rau txhua qhov chaw hauv EU siv tau rau txhua lub teb chaws uas yog tswv cuab, yog li tus lej uas muab tawm los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees siv tau thaum tshem tawm cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj hauv Netherlands, Belgium lossis lwm qhov chaw hauv pawg.
Q: Tus lej EORI ntawm leej twg siv rau ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai rau kev xa khoom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees?
A: Qhov ntawd nyob ntawm cov nqe lus xa khoom. Ntawm kev xa khoom DDP tus neeg xa khoom Suav feem ntau yog tus neeg xa khoom tuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab xav tau tus lej. Ntawm cov nqe lus FOB lossis EXW feem ntau nws yog tus lej neeg yuav khoom German uas nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm.