Te Tohu CE me te Kaweake i Haina ki Potukara: Ngā Mea e Hiahiatia ana
Kupu Whakataki
Mena he kaihoko Hainamana koe, he kaihoko hokohoko ipurangi rānei e hiahia ana ki te hoko ki Potukara, me mōhio koe ki te tikanga o te tohu CE. Koinei te huarahi ki te whakauru atu. He mema katoa a Potukara o te Kotahitanga o Ūropi me te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi (EEA), nō reira he rite tonu ngā ture tutuki hua ki ērā atu o te EU. Ko te tikanga o tēnei me whai tohu CE whai mana ngā taonga ka tukuna mai i Haina i mua i te hoko ture i Potukara, i runga ipurangi, i roto rānei i ngā hongere ā-rohe.
He tino ōrite te tohu Conformite Europeenne (CE) a te EU me te tohu e kiia nei ko "China Export", ā, nā tēnei ka uaua ake tēnei kaupapa i te āhua. Kua whakamārama te Komihana Pākehā kāore he tohu "China Export" mana hei paerewa ture, engari he nui tonu te pōhēhētanga i roto i te hokohoko o te ao. Kua aukatia, kua whiua, kua tangohia rānei e te Tari Taake ngā hua he hē ngā ōwehenga, ngā tohu CE rānei kāore i tika te whakairi. Mō ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana, ko te mōhio ki te rerekētanga me te ara tutuki ture katoa ehara i te mea ko te mahi pai anake, engari he mea tika hoki kia whakahaerehia he pakihi i Potukara me te toenga o te EU.
E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā taipitopito he aha te tohu CE, ko ēhea ngā hua e hiahiatia ana, me pēhea te kawe i ngā taonga ki Potukara, me pēhea hoki e taea ai e ngā hoa mahi kawe taonga tohunga pēnei i a Topway Shipping te whakahaere pai ake i te mekameka tuku katoa mai i Shenzhen ki Lisbon.
He aha te Tohu CE — me ngā mea ehara i te mea
Ko te tikanga o te tohu CE ko te Conformite Europeenne, arā, ko te "European Conformity" i te reo Wīwī. I mua i te hokonga o ētahi momo hua ki ngā wāhi katoa o te EEA, tae atu ki ngā whenua mema 27 o te EU (tae atu ki a Potukara), me whai tohu whakaae ture rātou. Ehara te tohu i te tohu mai i te kāwanatanga e kī ana he pai ngā taonga, he tohu hiranga rānei. Engari, he tauākī a te kaihanga, he whakaū whaiaro e tutuki ana te hua i ngā paerewa hauora, haumaru, me te taiao katoa o te EU.
Ko te tapanga CE e tohu ana kua oti i te kaiwhakahaere, ahakoa ko te kaihanga taketake o Haina, ko te kaikawe mai o te EU, ko te māngai whai mana rānei, te aromatawai i te hanganga e tika ana, te kohikohi i tētahi kōnae hangarau, me te haina i tētahi Whakapuakitanga Hangarite a te EU (DoC). Kia oti tika taua tukanga, ka taea te tāpiri i te tohu CE ki te hua, ā, ka taea te neke haere noa i waenga i ngā whenua mema katoa o te EEA me te kore e hiahiatia kia whakamanahia anō i te taumata ā-motu.
Ko te nuinga o ngā whakapoauautanga mō te "China Export" i ahu mai i ngā hapa o te tohu tonu. He iti te mokowā i waenganui i ngā reta C me E i roto i te tohu CE mana. Ina tata rawa ngā reta tetahi ki tetahi, ka rite te hua ki tētahi tohu rerekē e horapa ana i runga ipurangi e kiia nei ko "China Export." Kua tirotirohia e te Komihana o Ūropi te take, ā, kāore i kitea he tohu mō tētahi tohu Hainamana Kaweake mana; ko te raruraru ko te momotuhi kino, ehara i te tinihanga kua whakaritea. Heoi, he rite tonu te pānga ki ngā kaihoko kaweake: ki te kore tō tohu CE e tutuki i ngā rahi me ngā ōwehenga e hiahiatia ana, ka aukatia pea e te tari taake, ka hakihia rānei, ka whakakahoretia rānei ō taonga.
Ko ēhea Hua e hiahiatia ana he Tohu CE i te wā e kaweake ana ki Potukara
Kāore e hiahiatia ana kia whai tapanga CE ngā momo hua katoa. Ko ngā Ture me ngā Tikanga Huarahi Hou a te EU, e kapi ana i ētahi momo hua, te take i hiahiatia ai te whakaritenga. Neke atu i te toru tekau ngā ture me ngā tikanga tohu CE e whai mana ana i roto i te EU i tēnei wā. Mō ngā kamupene Haina e hiahia ana ki te hoko ki Potukara, ko ngā wāhanga tino nui ko:
| Kāwai hua | Te Aratohu/Ture e Pā Ana | Whakaritenga Matua |
| Electronics kiritaki | Ture Whakatakotoranga Ngaohiko Iti (2014/35/EU), Ture Whakatakotoranga EMC (2014/30/EU) | Te haumaru hiko, te hototahi hikohiko |
| Ngā Pūrere Ahokore/Reo Irirangi | Arataki Taputapu Irirangi (RED) 2014/53 / EU | WiFi, Nihokikorangi, LTE, ngā taputapu 5G |
| Toys | Aratohu Haumaru Takaroi (2009/48/EC) | Haumaru ā-tinana, ā-mīhini, ā-matū |
| mīhini | Arataki Miihini (2006/42/EC) | Aromatawai mōrearea, tuhinga hangarau |
| Pūrere Medical | MDR (EU) 2017/745 | Me whai wāhi te Rōpū Whakamōhiotia |
| Te Taputapu Tiaki Whaiaro | Ture PPE (EU) 2016/425 | Me whai tiwhikete tuatoru |
| Ngā Hua Hanga | Te Ture mō ngā Hua Hanga (EU) 305/2011 | Me whai Whakapuakitanga Mahi |
| Taputapu Matū/Hiko | Aronga RoHS (2011/65 / EU) | Te aukati i nga matū morearea |
He mea nui kia maumahara ko te tohu CE e hiahiatia ana mō ngā hua e taka ana i raro i te iti rawa i te kotahi aratohu e tika ana. E kī ana hoki te ture o te EU kāore e taea te tāpiri i te tohu CE ki tētahi hua kāore e hiahiatia ana. Me āta tirotiro e ngā kaihoko Haina ngā ture e pā ana ki ā rātou hua takitahi. I roto i ngā āhuatanga maha, neke atu i te kotahi te ture e pā ana i te wā kotahi. Hei tauira, me whai pea tētahi taonga takaro hiko i te RoHS Directive, te Low Voltage Directive, me te Toy Safety Directive i te wā kotahi.
Te Tukanga Whakatutukitanga o te Tohu CE: Hipanga i te Hipanga
E whakaahua ana te Komihana o Ūropi i te tohu CE hei tukanga e ono ngā wāhanga, ā, mō ngā kaihoko Hainamana, he tino taumaha te mana ture o ia taahiraa. Mēnā ka hē koe i tētahi wā, ka kore noa iho te mana o te tiwhikete katoa, ā, ka taea e te mākete te whakakore i te tiwhikete me te utu nui.
Hipanga 1: Tāutuhia ngā Aratohu e tika ana
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakarite kia mōhio koe ki ngā ture me ngā aratohu a te EU e pā ana ki ō taonga. Ehara tēnei i te mea ngāwari i ngā wā katoa nā te mea kāore he pātengi raraunga kotahi a te EU e hono ana i ngā momo hua ki ngā ture e pā ana ki a rātou. Me tirotiro ngā kaihoko ki te Aratohu Kahurangi a te EU, tirohia te pātengi raraunga TARIC, me utu rānei i tētahi tohunga ture hei whakatau i te anga ture e uru ana ā rātou hua.
Hipanga 2: Tirohia ngā Whakaritenga Motuhake o ia Aratohu
He ture nui kei roto i ia aratohu mō te hoahoa, te mahi, te haumaru, me te pānga o te hua ki te taiao. Me mōhio pū ngā kaihanga ki ngā whakaritenga o ia aratohu. Ka whakaputa te Official Journal of the EU i ngā paerewa Pākehā kua whakatauritea (ngā paerewa EN). Ko te whakatutuki i ēnei paerewa te huarahi pai ki te whakarite kei te tutuki koe i ngā whakaritenga.
Hipanga 3: Aromatawai mēnā e hiahiatia ana he Tinana Whakamōhiotia
Ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakamana i a rātou anō i ngā hua iti te mōrearea mā te whakamahi i te Module A (mana whakaputa ā-roto). Ko te tikanga ka whakahaerehia e rātou ā rātou ake whakamātautau, ka hangaia he kōnae hangarau, ka tukuna he Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga. Mō ngā mea morearea ake, pērā i ngā taputapu hauora, ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro, me ētahi momo mīhini, e hiahiatia ana e te ture kia whai wāhi mai tētahi Rōpū Whakamōhio kua whakaaetia e te EU (he rōpū whakamātautau me te tiwhikete tuatoru). I mua i te whakairinga o te tohu CE, me mahi ngā Rōpū Whakamōhio i ngā Whakamātautau Momo-EU me te tuku Tiwhikete Whakatutukitanga.
Hipanga 4: Whakamātauria te Hua me te Hanga i te Kōnae Hangarau
Me whakaatu e te whakamātautau kua tutukihia ngā whakaritenga nui katoa. Me whakauru ēnei mōhiohio ki te kōnae hangarau, pērā i ngā whakaahuatanga hua, ngā tuhi hoahoa, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā aromatawai mōrearea, ngā paerewa kua whakatauritea i whakamahia, me ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tukanga aromatawai hanganga ture. Me pupuri e koe tēnei kōnae mō te iti rawa tekau tau i muri i te hokonga o te hua whakamutunga, ā, me hoatu e koe ki ngā mana whakahaere ina tonoa mai.
Hipanga 5: Tukuna te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga a te EU
Ko te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga a te EU (DoC) he tuhinga ture e hainatia ana e te kaihanga, e tā rātou māngai whai mana rānei o te EU. E mea ana kei te tutuki i te hua ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga katoa a te EU e pā ana ki a ia. Me whai mōhiohio te DoC e hiahiatia ana, pēnei i te ingoa o te kaihanga, he whakaahuatanga o te hua, he rārangi o ngā tohutohu e tika ana, ngā tohutoro ki ngā paerewa kua whakatauritea e whakamahia ana, me te waitohu e whai mana ture ana.
Hipanga 6: Tāpirihia te Tohu CE
Ka taea te tāpiri i te tohu CE ki te hua i muri i te otinga o ngā wāhanga katoa o runga ake nei. Me mārama te tohu, me ngāwari ki te pānui, ā, me pumau. Me 5mm te teitei, me te nui o te mokowā i waenganui i ngā reta C me E. Koinei te wāhi e puta ai ngā raruraru mēnā kāore i te tika te rahi o ngā waitohu. Ki te kore e taea te tāpiri tika i te tohu CE ki runga i ngā taonga, me tāpiri ki te takai, ki ngā pepa rānei e haere tahi mai ana.
Ngā Whakaritenga Kawemai Motuhake mō ngā Taonga Haina i Potukara
Haunga te whai i ngā ture tohu CE, me tutuki i ngā kaihoko Hainamana e tuku taonga ana ki Potukara tētahi huinga tika o ngā herenga tikanga, taake, me ngā mahi pepa i te rohe. E whai ana a Potukara i ngā paerewa tikanga o te EU, engari he ture anō āna e whakatinanahia ana e te Mana Whakahaere Taake me te Tikanga o Potukara (Autoridade Tributaria e Aduaneira, AT rānei).
Te Whakarōpūtanga Tikanga me te TARIC
Ko te Whakaingoa Whakakotahi (CN) a te EU he kaupapa waehere taripa e waru ngā mati e tika ana kia whakamahia e ngā taonga katoa e haere mai ana ki Potukara mai i Haina. Ko te waehere TARIC, ko te tikanga "Taripa Whakauru", he mea tito mai i ētahi atu mati e rua. Kei roto ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā taripa, ngā tikanga ārai-tuku, ngā rohenga, me ētahi atu taputapu kaupapa here hokohoko. Tērā pea me utu e ngā taonga mai i Haina ngā utu whenua tuatoru noa, ā, i ētahi wā, ngā takoha ārai-tuku e nui ake ai te utu kawemai. I mua i te tukunga atu i ā rātou taonga, me rapu e ngā kaihokohoko ā rātou waehere hua i roto i te pātengi raraunga TARIC.
Te Aromatawai Tikanga me te Tatau Taake
Ko te huarahi CIF (Utu, Inihuarangatia, Uta) e whakamahia ana e Potukara hei whakatau i te nui o te takoha tāke hei utu. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te turanga taake kei roto ko te uara o ngā hua, te utu kaipuke, me te utu inihua ki te rohe o Potukara. Me mōhio pai ngā kaihoko whenua Hainamana ki tēnei nā te mea ko te nui ake o ngā utu kaipuke ka piki ake te turanga mō te takoha tāke, ā, nō reira, ko te tatau GST anō hoki.
| Momo Taake/Utu | auau | Tuhinga | Notes |
| Tiute Tiute | Rerekē (0–12%+) | uara CIF | I runga i te waehere HS me te TARIC; tera pea ka pāngia te aukati-tukunga |
| VAT (IVA) — Paerewa | 23 orau | CIF + Taake Tikanga | E pā ana ki te nuinga o ngā taonga; ka taea te whakahoki mai e ngā pakihi kua rēhita ki te GST |
| VAT (IVA) — Waenga | 13 orau | CIF + Taake Tikanga | Ētahi kai, hua ahuwhenua, ratonga hōtēra |
| VAT (IVA) — Kua Whakaitihia | 6% | CIF + Taake Tikanga | Ngā taonga nui, ngā pukapuka, ētahi rongoā |
| Taake Taonga Mamati | 3% | Uara tauwhitinga | He mea hou mai i Hānuere 2025 mō ngā ratonga matihiko/taonga-e |
| De Minimis Paepae | Tuhinga 175 | Kua whakapuakihia te uara | Ko ngā tuku i raro iho i tēnei ka āhei pea ki te whakahaere māmā ake. |
Ko te tere ake o te pana a Potukara ki te mamati o ngā tikanga tuku taonga tētahi o ngā mea nui ka tupu i te tau 2025. Me tino oti te whakatuwheratanga o te tomokanga eAduana i te hauwhā tuatoru o te tau 2025. Mā tēnei ka tere ake te tukanga whakawātea mō ngā tuku e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga me ngā tuku mamati. Ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kamupene kawe taonga e huri ana ki tēnei huarahi mamati-tuatahi te tukatuka tere ake i ngā mea. I roto i te maha o ngā āhuatanga, kua heke kē ngā wā whakawātea mō ngā tukunga whakaritenga ki te 24 ki te 48 hāora.
Tau EORI me ngā Kaiwhakahaere Ōhanga Whakamanatia
Hei whakawhiti i ngā tikanga tāke i Potukara, me whai nama EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) ngā kaihoko kaweake mai i waho o te EU me ō rātou māngai kei roto i te EU. Mena kāore anō kia whai mana tētahi kamupene Haina ki roto i te EU, ko te huarahi noa ki te mahi pakihi ko te mahi tahi me tētahi kaihoko kawemai Potukara, kei te EU rānei kua rēhitatia, he nama EORI tōna. Mō ngā kaihoko kaipuke nui, ko te whiwhi i te mana Kaiwhakahaere Ōhanga Whakamana (AEO) tētahi atu huarahi ka taea te tere ake i te tukatuka tikanga tāke.
Te Whakaritenga Māngai o te EU
I raro i ngā ture haumaru hua o te EU, inā koa te Ture Haumaru Hua Whānui i whai mana katoa i te tau 2024, me whakaingoa e ngā kaihanga kei waho o te EU he Tangata Kawenga, he Kaiwhakahaere Ōhanga rānei kei te EU mō te nuinga o ngā kāwai hua kua tohua ki te CE. Ko tēnei tangata, ko tēnei rōpū rānei te kawenga ture mō te whakarite kei te wātea ngā pepa whakaritenga, te mahi tahi me ngā mana aroturuki mākete, me te mahi i ngā mahi whakatika ina hiahiatia. Mō ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana, ko te tikanga ko te utu i tētahi kaihoko whakaritenga, i tētahi kaituku rānei kei Potukara, kei tētahi atu whenua EU rānei te tari matua hei mahi i tēnei.
Ngā hapa noa e mahia ana e ngā kaihoko Hainamana
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mō te hokohoko i waenga i te EU me ōna whenua mema, pērā i a Potukara, i roto i ngā tau maha, kei te takahi tonu ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana i ngā ture. Mā te mōhio ki ēnei raruraru i mua i te wā ka taea te penapena i te nui o te wā me te moni.
He maha ngā wā ka hē te whakaaro o te tangata ka pā tonu te tohu CE mai i tētahi hua tawhito, mai i tētahi tauira rite rānei ki tētahi hua hou. He rerekē te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga CE mō ia hua. Mena ka rerekē te hoahoa, ngā wāhanga, ngā pūmanawa, ngā whakamahinga rānei, me arotake anō pea he tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. He maha ngā kaihoko ki tāwāhi e whakaranu ana i ngā paerewa ā-motu o Haina (pēnei i te tiwhikete CCC) me ngā paerewa kua whakaōritehia e te EU. Kāore ēnei i te rite, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi hei whakakapi i a rātou anō.
He raruraru whānui whakaharahara te momotuhi hē o te tohu CE. E ai ki tā tātou i kōrero ai i mua, he mea nui te mokowā e hiahiatia ana mō te tohu CE. Kua whakaroahia e ngā Tari Tāke ngā tukunga nā te mea he iti rawa ngā tohu (iti iho i te 5mm), he tata rawa tetahi ki tetahi, he wāhi rānei e kore e kitea, e pānuihia rānei. He hapa tēnei ka taea te whakatika, engari me mahi i mua i te wehenga atu o ngā taonga i te wheketere.
Ko tētahi atu raruraru noa ko ngā kōnae hangarau kāore i oti. I ētahi wā, ka hanga noa ngā kaihanga Hainamana i ngā pepa ina tonoa, kaua i mua. Engari e kī ana te ture o te EU me rite te kōnae hangarau i mua i te whakairinga o te tohu CE ki te taputapu, i mua hoki i te hokohoko i roto i te EU. Mena ka tono ngā tikanga Potukara, ngā āpiha tirotiro mākete rānei mō ngā tuhinga, ā, kāore e kitea, ka taea te hopu, te whakahoki rānei i te hua.
Hei whakamutunga, he maha ngā kaihoko ki tāwāhi kāore e whakaaro he tuhinga tino nui te Whakapuakitanga o te Whakaaetanga. He tauākī ture tēnei me whakauru ētahi mōhiohio. Kāore ngā ture o te EU e whakaae ki tētahi DoC whānui, kāore hoki i te whaimana, ki tētahi rānei i hainatia e te tangata hē. Nā te mea he tino pakari te whakatinanatanga o ngā tikanga tuku iho a Potukara, ā, he pūnaha tā te EU hei aroturuki i te mākete, ka pā kino pea ēnei hapa pepa ki ngā ture me ngā pānga pūtea.
Te Tohu CE me te Kaweake i Haina: Te Whakamārama i te Pōhēhētanga
I te mea he maha ngā wā ka puta te raruraru o te CE/Haina Kaweake i roto i ngā maheni hokohoko, pāpāho pāpori, tae noa ki ngā kōrerorero pāremata, he mea nui kia kōrerohia tika atu. I te tau 2024, i whakaarahia te take e te Paremata o Ūropi, me te kī he rite tonu ngā tohu e rua, ā, ka whakapoauau i ngā kaihoko me ngā āpiha kawemai. I roto i te pātai a te Paremata, i kitea kāore he mea nui e taea te mahi ture hei aukati i te tangata ki te whakamahi hē i te tohu CE nā te mea ehara i te tohu hokohoko a te EU.
I Potukara me te toenga o te EEA, ko te tohu ture anake mō ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana ko te tohu Conformite Europeenne a te EU. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi tohu kāore e whai i te whakatakotoranga tohu CE, ahakoa he mea āta whakaarohia, he mea hē rānei, ka tūpono te kaihokohoko me te kaihokohoko kawemai o te EU ki te whiua. Ko te huarahi pai ki te noho haumaru ko te whakamahi i ngā kōnae tohu CE mana mai i te paetukutuku a te Komihana Pākehā i roto i ngā rahi tika, me te tirotiro kei te tutuki i te tānga, i te tapanga rānei i runga i ia puranga hua ngā whakaritenga.
| Āhuahira | CE (He rite ki te Pākehā) | CE (Hē te Whakahua / Hē te Hōputu) |
| Tūnga Ture i roto i te EU/Pōtukara | E tino mōhiotia ana, ā, e hiahiatia ana e te ture | Kāore he tūnga ture; he pūtake mō ngā mahi whakamana ture |
| He aha te tohu | Te haumaru, te hauora, me te hanganga ture taiao o te EU | Kāore he mea — ehara i te tohu ture kua whakamanahia |
| Na wai e tuku | Kaihanga/kaihomai i muri i te aromatawai tika o te hanganga ture | Kāore he tinana whakaputa — ehara i te tohu mana |
| Te Mokowā Tirohanga | Te āputa ōwehenga kua whakaritea i waenga i a C me E | He tino tata rawa ngā reta tetahi ki tetahi; he hē ngā ōwehenga |
| Teitei Teitei | 5mm e hiahiatia ana | N / He |
| Tuhinga Tuhi | Kōnae hangarau, DoC, pūrongo whakamātautau | Kāore (kāore he ara tutuki i te ture) |
| Te Whakaaetanga Tikanga | Āe, me ngā tuhinga whaimana mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga | Kāo — ka taea te aukati, te whakakore rānei |
Me pēhea te tautoko a Topway Shipping i ngā mahi kawe taonga mai i Haina ki Potukara
Ko te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te tohu CE ko te whai i ngā ture mō te tuku taonga mai i Haina ki Potukara, engari he rite tonu te uaua o ngā mahi whakahaere. Me whakamahere me te whakahaere pai i ia wāhanga o te mekameka tuku, mai i te papa hanga i Guangdong, i Zhejiang rānei ki tētahi whare putunga i Lisbon, i Porto rānei, kia kore ai he whakaroa, he kino, he whakapaunga tāpiri rānei.
Kei Shenzhen, Haina a Topway Shipping, ā, he kaiwhakarato ngaio mō ngā otinga whakahaere tauhokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe mai i te tau 2010. He nui ngā wheako o Topway i roto i te ara whakawhiti i waenganui i a Haina me Ūropi nā te mea kua neke atu i te 15 tau te roa o tana tīma whakatū i roto i ngā whakahaere whakahaere o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga. He tino arotahi te kamupene ki te kawe waka i Haina me te US, kei roto i āna ratonga ngā tauranga nui puta noa i te ao, tae atu ki a Leixoes (Porto) me Lisbon, ko ngā taunga ipu matua e rua o Potukara.
Ka hipokina e ngā ratonga a Topway te mekameka whakahaere katoa, nō reira he wāhi kotahi tēnei mō ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana e hiahia ana ki te tuku taonga kua tohua ki te CE ki Potukara. Ka tiaki te kamupene i te kawe tuatahi mai i tētahi wheketere, whare putunga rānei i Haina, te whare putunga ki tāwāhi (he mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā kaihoko hokohoko ipurangi e hiahia ana ki te whakatutuki i ngā tumanakohanga tuku a ngā kiritaki o Potukara me te EU whānui), te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tuku iho mā roto i ngā pūnaha tikanga tuku iho o Potukara me te EU, me te tuku whakamutunga ki ngā kiritaki, ki ngā wāhi tohatoha rānei i Potukara.
Ka tukuna e Topway ngā ratonga utanga moana ngāwari mō ngā ipu katoa (FCL) me ngā utanga iti iho i te ipu (LCL) mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga matua o te ao mō ngā pakihi e tuku ana i te maha o ngā taonga. Mā ngā ratonga whakakotahi LCL ka taea e ngā kaihoko hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe te tohu i roto i te mākete Pōtikī mā te tuku utanga iti ake ka taea te whakanui ake i te whānui haere o te kamupene. Mā ngā huarahi kē atu o te FCL ka hoatu he wāhi ipu motuhake ki ngā kaihokohoko nui me ngā wā kawe me ngā utu pono.
He mea tino nui te mōhiotanga o Topway ki te whakawātea tikanga ki te ao o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tohu CE. E mōhio ana ngā kaihokohoko tikanga whai wheako ki ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana e ngā tikanga Potukara, pērā i te Whakapuakitanga Whakaaetanga a te EU, ngā kōnae hangarau, me te tūnga tika o te tohu CE. Tērā pea ka kitea e rātou ngā raruraru i mua i te whakaroa i ngā utu nui. Mō ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana kāore pea i te taunga ki te whai i ngā ture a te EU, he painga nui te mahi tahi me tētahi hoa mahi kawe e mōhio ana ki te tukanga kaweake Hainamana me ngā ture kawemai Potukara.
Te Hanga i tētahi Pakihi Kaweake Tauwhiro i waenganui i a Haina me Potukara
Kua piki haere te rongonui o Potukara hei huarahi mō ngā taonga Haina ki te uru atu ki te mākete o te EU. Nā te mea he whenua tauranga Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Hauāuru o Ūropi me ngā hanganga arumoni pai me te urunga atu ki te mākete o te EU, he huarahi pai tēnei. Mō ngā kaihoko Hainamana e mahi pakihi ana i ngā rohe, ko te piki haere o te maha o ngā kaihoko ipurangi i Potukara, me ngā whatunga whakatutuki puta noa i te EU e whakangāwari ake ana i te kawe taonga, he huarahi tūturu mō te wā roa.
Hei pupuri i taua whai wāhitanga, me kite koe i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tohu CE hei kaupapa haere tonu, kaua ko te pāwhiri kotahi noa iho. Ka rerekē ngā ture o te EU i roto i te wā. Hei tauira, ko te Ture Haumaru Hua Whānui, ngā whakarerekētanga ki te Ture Ecodesign for Sustainable Products, me ngā huringa e tumanakohia ana ki ētahi atu aratohu, ko te tikanga ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā ture mō ētahi momo hua. Ko ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana e whakatū ana i ngā tukanga arotake tutuki ā-roto, e pupuri ana i ā rātou kōnae hangarau kia hou tonu, ā, e whakawhanake ana i ngā whanaungatanga kaha ki ngā kaihoko me ngā tohunga tutuki i te EU, ka pai ake te rite ki te urutau.
He mea nui anō hoki te hanga hononga pono mō te tuku utanga me te tuku tikanga mō te angitu roa i te taha whakahaere. Mā te whai i ngā huarahi tuku kaipuke ōrite, ngā whakaritenga pepa, me ngā hoapā kaihoko tikanga ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā whakaroa, ngā raruraru rānei e puta ake ana i te kore e hiahiatia. I te tīmatanga o te tomokanga tikanga eAduana o Potukara, ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko me ā rātou hoa whakahaere kua rite ki te ipurangi te tuku i ā rātou taonga i te tere me te tino mārama.
Opaniraa
He pūmanawa pakihi nui te kaweake mai i Haina ki Potukara, engari he ture pakari me whai. Ko te tohu CE te whakaritenga iti rawa. Kāore e taea e ngā hua e hiahia ana ki tēnei tohu te uru ture ki te mākete Potukara, ki te mākete EU rānei me te kore tēnei tohu. Kei roto i te tukanga ko te kimi i ngā tohutohu tika, te mahi i ngā aromatawai tika mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, te hanga i tētahi kōnae hangarau tika, te tuhi i tētahi Whakapuakitanga Tika Ture, me te whakatakoto i tētahi tohu CE he tika te rahi.
Haunga te tohu CE, kei roto i ngā ture kawemai Pōtikī ētahi atu mahi, pērā i te whakarōpūtanga TARIC tika, te aromatawai tikanga i runga i te CIF, te VAT i te reiti 23% noa mō te nuinga o ngā taonga, me te hiahia hou mō tētahi Tangata Kawenga kei te EU mō ētahi kāwai hua. Kei te neke a Pōtikī ki te tukatuka tikanga mamati, ko te tikanga ko ngā kaihokohoko e whakarite ana i ā rātou pepa me te mahi tahi me ngā hoa mahi kawe taonga mohio ka tere ake te tiki i ā rātou taonga mā te tikanga me te iti ake o te raruraru.
Ko ngā kaihoko Hainamana e hiahia ana ki te tomo ki tēnei mākete i roto i te huarahi pumau, me mōhio rātou ki te whai i ngā ture me te mahi pai ki ngā mahi kawe. Ko te whānuitanga katoa o ngā ratonga kawe a Topway Shipping, tae atu ki te kawe waka tuatahi, te utanga moana, te whakakore tikanga, me te tuku whakamutunga, ka hoatu ki ngā kaihoko Hainamana e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga CE te hanganga mekameka tuku e hiahiatia ana e rātou hei mahi pono me te whai hua ki te mākete Pōtikī. Ko te whiwhi i te tika o te kawe waka me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka huri i te tuku kotahi-wā hei pakihi kaweake angitu, tipu haere.
FAQs
P: Me whai tohu CE ngā hua katoa e kaweake ana mai i Haina ki Potukara?
A: Kāo. Ko ētahi momo hua anake e kapi ana i ngā tohutohu me ngā ture a te EU me whiwhi i te tohu CE. Engari neke atu i te 30 o ēnei ture e kapi ana i ngā hikohiko, ngā taonga takaro, ngā mīhini, ngā taputapu hauora, ngā PPE, me te maha atu. Me whai tohu CE e te ture i mua i te hokonga o tō hua ki Potukara mēnā e uru ana ki tētahi kāwai e kapi ana.
P: Ka taea e te kaihanga Hainamana te whakamana i a ia anō mō te tohu CE, me whai rānei he Rōpū Whakamōhiotanga tuatoru i ngā wā katoa?
A: Kei te mōrearea o te hua me te ture e pā ana. Mā te whakamahi i te Module A (mana whakaputa ā-roto), he maha ngā hua iti-morearea ka taea te whakamana-ā-whaiaro e te kaihanga. Engari mō te whakamātautau me te whakamana, me whai mana ture te Rōpū Whakamōhio kua whakaaetia e te EU mō ngā hua nui-morearea pērā i ngā taputapu hauora me ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro.
P: He aha te tohu CE 'China Export', ā, he mana ture tōna i Potukara?
A: Kei te mōrearea o te hua me te ture e pā ana. Mā te whakamahi i te Module A (mana whakaputa ā-roto), he maha ngā hua iti-morearea ka taea te whakamana-ā-whaiaro e te kaihanga. Engari mō te whakamātautau me te whakamana, me whai mana ture te Rōpū Whakamōhio kua whakaaetia e te EU mō ngā hua nui-morearea pērā i ngā taputapu hauora me ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro.
P: He aha te reiti VAT e pā ana ki ngā taonga i kawemai mai i Haina ki Potukara?
A: Ko te reiti VAT (IVA) i Potukara he 23%, ā, e pā ana ki te nuinga o ngā taonga e kawea mai ana ki te whenua. Ko ētahi momo taonga, pērā i ētahi kai me ngā taonga taketake, he iti ake te utu, arā, 13% me te 6%. Ko te uara CIF (te utu o ngā hua me te utu kaipuke me te inihua) me tetahi utu tikanga ka whakamahia hei tatau i te VAT. Ko ngā pakihi kua rēhita mō te VAT ka taea te whakahoki mai i te VAT kawemai i utua e rātou mā roto i ā rātou whakahoki VAT auau.
Q: Ka whakahaerehia e Topway Shipping te whakakorenga tikanga mō ngā tuku ki roto i a Potukara?
Āe. Hei wāhanga o āna ratonga whakahaere katoa, ka whakaratohia e Topway Shipping ngā ratonga whakawātea tikanga katoa. Neke atu i te 15 tau a Topway i roto i te pakihi whakahaere o te ao. Ka taea e ā rātou tohunga te āwhina i ngā tuhinga tikanga Pōtikī me te EU, me te whakarite kia tere te tae atu o ngā taonga Haina e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga CE i roto i ngā tikanga taake, me te kore he whakaroa koretake.
P: Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e tukuna ai ngā taonga mai i Haina ki te tari tāke i Potukara?
A: I a Potukara e haere tonu ana ki te whakamāori i ana tukanga tikanga mā te tomokanga eAduana, kei te poto haere te wā e pau ana ki te whakawātea i ngā tukunga matihiko e tutuki ana, e 24 ki te 48 hāora noa iho. Engari ko ngā uta kāore i te whai i ngā pepa tika katoa, kāore i te tika te tohu CE, kāore rānei i te tohua ngā waehere TARIC, me roa ake pea te tatari mō tā rātou aromatawai. Ko te tikanga pai hei whakarite kia tere te whakawātea o tētahi uta ko te whakarite i ngā pepa ture katoa e tika ana i mua i te wehenga atu i Haina.