Te āhua o Piraeus i riro ai hei Taunga Ipu Matua Tuarima o Ūropi i raro iho i te 15 Tau
Kupu Whakataki
I ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 2000, he tauranga waenga-papa te Tauranga o Piraeus, ko te 93 o ngā tauranga ipu o te ao, ā, ko ngā kamupene kaipuke nui rawa atu o te ao kāore i aro ki tēnei tauranga. E 5 miriona TEU te nui o ngā ipu e whakahaerehia ana i ia tau, ā, koia tētahi o ngā tauranga ipu nui rawa atu e rima i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. Ko tētahi o ngā kōrero angitu hanganga tino whakamiharo i roto i te hītori moana o ēnei rā ko te huringa i puta i roto i te 15 tau pea.
Nā te Kamupene Tuku Iho o COSCO o Haina tēnei i whakatutuki. I tīmata te whakahaere i ngā taunga ipu e rua o Piraeus i te tau 2009–2010, i hokona te nuinga o ngā tūranga i roto i te Mana Tauranga o Piraeus (PPA) i te tau 2016, ā, i te tau 2021, e 67% o te PPA te mana o rātou. Whai muri i tēnā, he nui te haumitanga ki ngā hanganga, te whakahou i ngā mahi, me te whakarerekētanga rautaki i hanga ai a Piraeus hei kuwaha nui rawa atu i te rawhiti o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ā, he wāhanga nui o te kaupapa Belt and Road (BRI) a Haina.
E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i te āhua o tēnei mea i tupu, tae atu ki ngā kōwhiringa haumitanga, ngā tohu nui o te tukunga o ngā kaipuke, ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū, me te tikanga o te aranga ake o Piraeus mō ngā kaipuke, ngā kamupene kawe waka, me te heke mai o te whenua tauranga ipu o Ūropi.
Te Wāhi i Tīmata ai a Piraeus: Te Tūāpapa i mua i te COSCO
I mua i te tau 2010, i pōturi haere te hinganga o Piraeus. Kāore i tino pai te tauranga nā ngā raruraru ōhanga o Kariki, ngā hanganga tawhito o te tauranga, me te korenga o te aronga rautaki. I te huarahi whakawhiti o Ūropi, Āhia, me Āwherika a Piraeus, me te urunga atu ki ngā wai hohonu tūturu me te tata ki te ara o te Awa o Suez. I a ia ngā painga whenua katoa, engari kāore i a ia te moni, te tirohanga whakahaere rānei hei whakamahi i aua mea.
I te tau 2010 pea, ko te maha o ngā TEU i haere mā te tauranga he tata ki te 1.5 miriona. I te tauranga i tū ko te 93 o te ao nā te mea kāore i nui ngā utanga i taea te kawe, ā, kāore hoki i nui ngā hononga waka. He tawhito hoki ōna kerēne, ā, he raruraru ki ngā uniana i uaua ai te taiao mahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā utanga i tukuna e ngā kamupene kaipuke nui mai i Āhia ki Ūropi i haere mā ngā pokapū o te Raki o Ūropi pērā i a Rotterdam, Antwerp, me Hamburg. Kāore rawa rātou i tū ki te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa mō ngā taunga matua.
I muri i te raruraru pūtea o te tau 2008, i pāngia te kāwanatanga o Kariki e te nui o te ahotea pūtea, ā, i rapu huarahi hei whiwhi moni me te whakauru i te haumi mai i tāwāhi ki roto i ōna hanganga. Ko te hokonga o Piraeus te wāhanga nui rawa atu o taua rautaki, ā, ka huri i te huarahi e nekehia ai ngā ipu puta noa i Ūropi i ngā huarahi kāore i tino whakaarohia e te hunga ruarua.
Te Pūtea a COSCO: He Peti Rautaki mō te Whenua o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa
I te tau 2009 ki te 2010, i whakahaerehia te Piraeus Container Terminal SA, he apiti nō COSCO Shipping. I toa te PCT i ngā tono ā-ao e rua hei whakahaere i ngā Terminals II me III i Piraeus. Koinei te taahiraa tuatahi i roto i te tango katoa i ngā mahi tauranga. I tīmata wawe a COSCO ki te whakapai ake i ngā tauranga o nāianei, mā te whakauru i ngā kerēne kaipuke-ki-uta hou, me te hanga i te Tauranga III. Nā tēnei i whakanui ake te kaha me te tere o te mahi i te wā kotahi.
Ko te kaupapa nui rawa atu ko te hoko i te 51% o ngā hea i roto i te Mana Tauranga o Piraeus i te tau 2016. I hokona e COSCO te mana whakahaere tauranga katoa, ehara i te mea ko ngā taunga ipu anake, mō te 368.5 miriona euros. I piki ake te tūranga mana o COSCO ki te 67% i te tau 2021, whai muri i tana whakatutuki i ana herenga haumi, neke atu i te 600 miriona euros te tapeke.
I kitea te whakaaro rautaki. I te mahi a Haina i tana kaupapa Belt and Road, ā, ko Piraeus te whenua i tere rawa te hononga moana mai i te hangahanga Hainamana ki ngā kiritaki Pākehā. E whā ngā rā te roa o te wā me te wahie hei kawe i ngā utanga mai i ngā tauranga Haina ki Piraeus, i tērā hei kawe ki Rotterdam, ki Hamburg rānei. I riro a Piraeus hei "upoko tarakona" mō ngā mahere a Haina ki te whakapai ake i ana mahi kawe i Ūropi.
| taumata | tau | taipitopito |
| I toa a COSCO i te whakaaetanga tuatahi mō te taunga rererangi | 2009-2010 | Ka tīmata te whakahaere i ngā Terminals II me III |
| Kua oti te hanganga o te Tauranga III | 2013 | Tāpiritanga kaha nui |
| Ka riro i a COSCO te 51% o te PPA | 2016 | Mana whakahaere katoa o te mana tauranga |
| Ka eke te nui o te ipu ki te 3.7M TEU | 2018 | He tipu nui mai i te 1.5M i te tau 2010 |
| Ka piki ake te hea o COSCO ki te 67% | 2021 | I muri i te whakatutuki i ngā herenga haumi |
| Kua eke a Piraeus ki te 6.2M TEU te kaha | 2022 | Ka piki te tūranga o te ao ki te 40 o runga |
| Ko te tere o te rere o te waka i Piraeus he ~5.1M TEU | 2023 | Te tuawhā o ngā tūranga i roto i te EU |
| Ko te whiwhinga moni a te PPA he €230.9M te rekoata | 2024 | Ahakoa te pānga o te raruraru o te Moana Whero |
Te Hurihanga Hanganga: Ngā Mea i Hangaia e te €600 Miriona
He uaua ki te whakanui rawa i te rahinga o te whakatinanatanga o te whakapaipai a COSCO ki Piraeus. Mai i ngā tāutanga kerēni ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere mamati ki ngā tauranga hou rawa, tata tonu te hanga anō i te tauranga mai i roto ki waho i roto i te tekau tau me te haurua. I tēnei rā, e toru ngā tauranga ipu o Piraeus, ā, ko te kaha ia tau e neke atu ana i te 7.5 miriona TEU — he pikinga e rima ngā wā mai i te turanga i mua i te COSCO.
Ko te Tauranga Tuatahi, e whakahaerehia ana e te Mana Whakahaere Tauranga o Piraeus, e whakahaere ana i te 1.0–1.3 miriona TEU ia tau. Ko ngā Tauranga Tuarua me te III, e whakahaerehia ana e PCT i raro i te whakahaere a COSCO, ko te kaha katoa kua whakapuakina ko te 5.7 miriona TEU. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā taunga wai hohonu o te tauranga e āhei ana ki te whakauru i ngā waka ipu nui rawa atu (ULCV) me muri i te Panamax, neke atu i te 16,000 TEU, me te roa katoa o te tauranga tata ki te 1,150 mita i ngā taunga ipu anake.
Haunga ngā ipu, kua whanake a Piraeus hei pokapū kawe waka maha-momo. Ka taea e te taunga waka te whakauru i te 12,000 waka i te wā kotahi. Ka taea e te taunga utanga te kawe i te 25 miriona tāne ia tau. I riro hoki te tauranga hei taunga waka nui rawa atu o Ūropi — he tohu e whakaatu ana i tōna hiranga hei tomokanga ki ngā moutere o Kariki — ā, he maha ngā whakaurunga waka tere moana kei roto. Ko ngā kerēni kaipuke-ki-uta, ngā waka ārahi aunoa (AGV), me te pūnaha whakahaere ipu CATOS motuhake e tohu ana i ngā haumitanga i whakanoho i a Piraeus ki te taha o ngā whakaurunga o te Raki o Ūropi.
| Kāwai Hanganga | I mua i te COSCO (~2009) | Te Pūmanawa o Nāianei (2024) |
| Putanga Ipu | ~1.5M TEU/tau | ~4.8–5.1M TEU/tau |
| Te kaha o te tauranga ipu | ~1.5M TEU | 7.5–8.3M TEU |
| Te Whakatauranga Tauranga o te Ao | 93rd | Top 40 puta noa i te ao |
| Te Whakatauranga Tauranga Ipu o te EU | Te tekau o runga o waho | 5 (2024) |
| Te kaha o te taunga waka | Whakamutunga | Ngā waka 12,000 |
| Teihana Utauta | Whakamutunga | 25M tāne/tau |
| Te Pūtea Katoa a COSCO | - | ~€600 miriona |
Te Tipu o te Huarahi Mahi: Mā ngā Tau e Kōrero te Pūrākau
Ko te nui o ngā ipu e tukuna ana te huarahi pai rawa atu ki te whakaatu i te pai o te mahi a te tauranga, ā, he mea whakamiharo te pihi tipu o Piraeus i runga i tētahi inenga. E ai ki ngā raraunga a PortEconomics, i piki ake te nui o ngā ipu mai i te 1.5 miriona TEU i te tau 2010 ki te 3.7 miriona TEU i te tau 2018, ā, i piki tonu ki te 6.2 miriona TEU i te tau 2022, he pikinga 284.7% mai i te tau 2007.
I te tau 2023, tata ki te 5.1 miriona TEU i whakahaerehia e Piraeus, koia te tuawhā o ngā tauranga ipu pukumahi rawa atu i te EU, ko tōna tūranga teitei rawa atu, kei mua i a Valencia me muri tata i a Hamburg. He mea whakamiharo te tere tipu 2% i te tau 2022–2023 nā te mea i puta i te wā i kitea ai e ngā tauranga matua e toru o Ūropi (Rotterdam, Antwerp-Bruges, me Hamburg) ngā hekenga neke atu i te 7%. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te kaha o te whakataetae a Piraeus, inā koa ka tae mai ki te pakihi whakawhiti kaipuke.
He uaua ake te tirohanga mō te tau 2024. I kite a Piraeus i te hekenga 8% o ngā rahinga TEU, ko te nuinga nā te raruraru o te Moana Whero, i whakaiti i te rere o ngā waka i te Awa o Suez, ā, i huri ai te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te mea i kīia e tētahi kaitātari he "pōrearea moana". I te whakarerekētanga o ngā huarahi a ngā kamupene kaipuke huri noa i te Cape of Good Hope, ka heke te nui o ngā kaipuke whakawhiti i Piraeus. I piki a Valencia ki te tuawhā o ngā tūranga i roto i te rarangi EU, ka pana a Piraeus ki raro ki te tuarima. Ko te rarangi PortEconomics anake e whakaaro ana ki ngā Piers II me III e whakahaerehia ana e COSCO, nō reira he uaua ake te āhuatanga katoa. Ina tāpirihia ki te taunga ipu ake a te PPA, he teitei ake te tapeke o ngā waka a Piraeus i a Algeciras, koinei tōna hoa whawhai tata rawa atu i roto i ngā rarangi.
Ahakoa ngā raruraru o te rahinga, i puta ngā hua pūtea pakaru rekoata a te PPA i te tau 2024. I piki ake te tapeke o ngā moni whiwhi a te kamupene mā te 5% mai i te tau 2023 ki te 230.9 miriona euros. I piki ake ngā whiwhinga i mua i te taake mā te 17.4% ki te 112.9 miriona euros. I piki ake ngā hua i muri i te taake mā te 30.8% ki te 87.4 miriona euros. Mō te tau tuawhā karapīpiti, i pai ake ngā pūtea a te kamupene. Nā te nui ake o ngā pakihi e puta mai ana i ngā taunga waka (piki ake mā te 28.2%), ngā kaipuke takutai moana, me ngā mahi tere moana i puta ai tēnei.
Piraeus hei Pūtahi Whakawhiti Utu: Kūaha, Kaua e Haerenga Noa
Ko tētahi mea nui e ngaro pinepine ana i te tangata ina titiro atu ki a Piraeus mai i waho, ehara i te mea he kuwaha kawemai/kaweake noa iho, engari he pokapū whakawhiti kaipuke anō hoki. Ko te nuinga o ngā ipu e haere ana mā roto i ngā Tauranga II me III o COSCO ka whakawhiti kaipukehia. Ko te tikanga ka tae mai ēnei i runga i ngā kaipuke matua nui mai i Āhia, kātahi ka tukuna ki ngā kaipuke iti e haere ana ki ngā tauranga o te Moana Pango, ngā tauranga o Adriatic, ngā mākete o Ūropi ki te Rawhiti, me ngā tauranga o Āwherika ki te Raki.
I te tuatahi, i kukume a COSCO ki Piraeus nā tēnei tauira whakawhiti kaipuke. Ka taea e ngā kaipuke nunui te tū kotahi ki te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ki Piraeus, kaua ki ētahi, ā, ka penapenahia te wahie me te wā i te haerenga. Kātahi ka tere te neke o ngā utanga e ngā whatunga whāngai ki ngā mākete tuarua. Ko Piraeus te tauranga matua mō ngā wāhi pēnei i a Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine (i mua i te pakanga), Ihipa, Iharaira, me te toenga o te rohe o Levant.
Nā ngā hononga tereina maha-ara kua māmā ake te hononga o te tauranga ki ngā mākete o roto o Ūropi. Ko te ara utanga o Balkans me ngā hononga ki Ūropi Waenganui e hanga ana i a Piraeus hei kaiwhakataetae, ehara i te mea hei wāhi whakawhiti kaipuke o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa anake, engari hei huarahi kē atu hoki ki ngā kaihoko o te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti me te Waenganui o Ūropi. He wero tika tēnei ki te mana o ngā tauranga o Ūropi ki te Raki i mua hei whakahaere i taua rerenga utanga.
Ngā Ahurea Ā-Iwi: Ngā Āwangawanga o BRI, NATO, me Washington
Kāore a Piraeus i roto i te koretake o te ao tōrangapū. Nā te whakawhiti i te tauranga e tētahi kamupene kāwanatanga Hainamana i roto i tētahi whenua mema o te NATO kua puta he maha ngā raruraru ki ngā āpiha o te Hauāuru, inā koa i Washington. Ko te āwangawanga matua he māmā noa iho: he hinonga kāwanatanga Haina a COSCO, nō reira kei te Rōpū Kōmiuniti Hainamana te mana whakahaere. Tērā pea ka ngoikore ngā hoa o te NATO i runga i te urunga atu ki ngā mōhiohio, ngā aukati i ngā mahi kawe waka, te mana whakahaere rānei o ngā mahi tōrangapū.
I te tau 2025, nā te āwangawanga mō te haumarutanga ā-motu i whakaurua ai a COSCO e te Hononga o Amerika. Nā tēnei i uaua ake ai ngā whanaungatanga o Amerika-Kariki me Amerika-Haina i te wā kotahi. He tino tupato a Kariki ki tana mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, e whakamahi ana i ōna hononga ki Haina hei kawe mai i ngā mahi me te haumi, me te pupuri tonu i ana kupu whakaari ki ngā mema o NATO me te EU. Kei te pupuri tonu te kāwanatanga o Kariki i te 7.1% o te PPA, ā, ko te utu kore utu he 25%. Kua hokohokohia te PPA i runga i te Athens Stock Exchange mai i te tau 2003.
Ehara i te mea ko te haruru papamuri anake te āhuatanga o te ao tōrangapū mō ngā umanga. Ka kore e tino whakamanahia te urunga ki te tauranga, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā whiu, ā, ka kore e tino mōhiotia te haumarutanga o ngā whakaaetanga mō te wā roa. Ka roa te whakaaetanga a COSCO tae noa ki te tau 2052, ko te tikanga ka taea e ia te mahi mō ngā tau 30. Heoi, ko te whanaungatanga e huri haere ana i waenga i te US me Haina ka huri pea i te tūnga tōrangapū o te tauranga i roto i ngā huarahi e pā ana ki te huarahi e tukuna ai e ngā kaipuke o te ao ā rātou kaipuke.
Te Tikanga o Piraeus mō ngā Kaituku Tuku mai i Haina ki Ūropi
Kua noho a Piraeus hei huarahi whakawhiti nui mō ngā umanga e kawe ana i ngā taonga mai i Haina ki ngā mākete o Ūropi, inā koa i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Ūropi, i ngā Balkans, me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Rawhiti. Ina whakaritea ki ngā tauranga o Ūropi ki te Raki, ko te painga o te wā whakawhiti he whā ki te rima rā. Ko te tikanga he iti ake ngā utu kawe taonga, he tere ake ngā huringa whakakī, ā, he tere ake te urupare o te mekameka tuku.
Kua whakatūria hoki e ngā kamupene ao whānui ngā pokapū tohatoha tata ki te tauranga nā te mea he ngāwari te tae atu ki ngā pokapū hokohoko ipurangi me ngā pokapū tohatoha hokohoko e tipu haere ana i Kariki me te rohe huri noa. Whai muri i te haumi a COSCO, ka whakatuwherahia e HP tētahi whare tohatoha ki Kariki. I te tau 2013, i panuitia e Huawei ngā whakaaro ōrite kāore i tutuki tae noa ki te tau 2024. Nā tēnei i waiho a Piraeus hei wāhanga nui o ngā mekameka tuku o te ao o ngā toa hangarau, ā, nā tēnā i whakakaha ake te hiranga rautaki o te tauranga.
Ehara a Piraeus i te mea he kōwhiringa noa iho mā ngā kamupene kawe waka e mahi ana i te ara whakawhiti i waenganui i a Haina me Ūropi. Kua noho koia te ara pai mō ētahi momo rerenga utanga, inā koa ngā taonga hanga e aro nui ana ki te wā, ngā hikohiko kaihoko, ngā wāhanga motuka, me ngā taonga hokohoko e haere ana ki ngā mākete o Ūropi ki te Tonga me te Rawhiti.
Arotahi: Te Whakatere i te Ratonga Hokohoko Haina-Ūropi me te Topway Shipping
"Ko Topway Shipping, kei Shenzhen, Haina te turanga, he kaiwhakarato ngaio mō ngā otinga whakahaere hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe mai i te tau 2010. I te mea kei te whakarerekē ngā tauranga pēnei i a Piraeus i te huarahi e neke ai ngā utanga i waenga i a Āhia me Ūropi, he mea nui ake i mua te whai hoa whakahaere ratonga me te nui o te wheako."
Nā te putanga mai o Piraeus hei kuwaha matua ki te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, kua māmā ake, kua uaua ake hoki ngā mahi mā ngā kaihokohoko ki Haina. Ko ngā kōwhiringa huarahi i mua ko ngā tauranga o te Raki o Ūropi me arotake ake i ngā wā whakawhiti, ngā hononga whāngai, te tere o te whakakorenga taake, me ngā āheinga tuku whakamutunga i roto i te maha o ngā mākete ūnga.
Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o te hunga i tīmata i a Topway Shipping ki ngā mahi kawe waka o te ao me te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tuku taonga, me te arotahi nui ki Haina me te US Transportation tētahi o ā rātou ratonga, engari e mahi ana hoki rātou ki ngā tauranga nui puta noa i te ao, pērā i a Piraeus me ētahi atu kuwaha nui o Ūropi. Ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā mahi kawe waka katoa mai i te wāhanga tuatahi o te tuku kaipuke mai i ngā wheketere Haina ki ngā whare putunga o tāwāhi, te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tuku taonga, me te tuku whakamutunga. Mō ngā kaipuke e titiro ana ki te huarahi Piraeus, ko tēnei momo āheinga ratonga whakauru, e kapi ana i te mekameka katoa mai i te kuaha wheketere i Shenzhen, i Guangzhou rānei ki te whata whare putunga i Athens, i Belgrade rānei, koinei tonu te mea e hanga ana i te painga rautaki o te tauranga hei whai wāhitanga pakihi tūturu.
Kei a Topway Shipping anō hoki ngā ratonga utanga moana ngāwari mō ngā utanga ipu katoa (FCL) me ngā utanga ipu iti iho i te utanga ipu (LCL). Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka taea e ngā kaituku nui me ngā kaihoko hokohoko ipurangi iti te whiwhi utu pai mō te tuku. I te mea ka tangohia e te huarahi Mediterranean te nuinga o ngā pakihi mai i te ara Haina-Ūropi, mā te mahi tahi me ngā hoa mahi kawe e mōhio ana ki te mahi a te tauranga me te mahi a ngā tikanga i te rohe ka hoatu he painga tūturu ki a koe i runga ake i ō hoa whakataetae.
Whenua Whakataetae: Te Tūnga o Piraeus i Tēnei Rā
I te tau 2024, kei te tihi tonu a Rotterdam me Antwerp-Bruges i te taumata teitei o te tauranga ipu o Ūropi. Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i a rāua he iti iho i te 300,000 TEU, koinei te iti rawa atu. Ko Hamburg te tuarua, ā, i muri mai ko Valencia me Piraeus, i hokohoko i ngā tūranga i runga i te tatau i ngā rahinga. Kua tata a Algeciras ki Piraeus kia tae atu ki reira, inā koa kei te whakarerekē a Tanger Med (nāna i whakahaere te 10.24 miriona TEU i te tau 2024, he pikinga 18.8% mai i te tau o mua) i te rere o ngā taonga i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Hauāuru.
Ko te tūranga whakataetae waenga-wā o Piraeus e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mea e rua: te whakatau i te āhuatanga o te Moana Whero me te whakahokinga mai o ngā pakihi i te ara o Suez Canal, tae atu ki te haumi tonu a COSCO ki te whakatipu i te kaha me te whakarei ake i ngā hononga. Ko te hiahia o te tauranga kia noho ko te tauranga nui rawa atu i Ūropi, ko te tikanga me noho te tipu o te TEU ki ngā mati rua mō ngā tau maha. I nāianei, he moemoeā noa iho taua wawata, engari ko te tūāpapa hanganga a COSCO e hanga ana hei whāinga roa e taea ana te whakatutuki, kaua ko te wawata noa iho.
| Tauranga Ipu o te EU | Te Rōrahi TEU 2024 (tata) | Huringa Tau-a-Tau | Te Whakatauranga (2024) |
| Rotterdam | ~14.8M TEU | + 4.1% | 1st |
| Antwerp-Bruges | ~14.5M TEU | + 8.1% | 2nd |
| Hamburg | ~8.3M TEU | + 4.5% | 3rd |
| Valencia | ~5.8M TEU | +Ngā mati kotahi teitei | 4th |
| Piraeus (Ngā Tauranga II me III) | ~4.8M TEU | -7.8% | 5th |
| Algeciras | ~4.7M TEU | ~Papatahi | 6th |
| Gioia Tauro | ~4.0M TEU | +Mamati-rua | 7th |
Puna: PortEconomics.eu, 2025. Kia mōhio: Ko ngā tatauranga a Piraeus e whakaata ana i ngā Piers II me III e whakahaerehia ana e COSCO anake; he nui ake ngā rahinga tauranga katoa tae atu ki te tauranga PPA.
Te Huarahi kei mua: Ngā Mahere Whanui me ngā Kaupapa Matua Rautaki
Ahakoa i heke te nui o ngā tāngata i te Mana Tauranga o Piraeus i te tau 2024, he nui tonu ā rātou wawata haumi. Kei te anga whakamua te tauranga me ngā mahi hei whakawhānui i ōna taunga rererangi, hei whakapai ake i ana hononga tereina whakawhiti-momo, me te whakatipu i ana mahi kaipuke me ngā taunga waka hei puna moni hou. Kua kī a COSCO i te aroaro o te marea e hiahia ana ia kia waiho a Piraeus hei tauranga ipu nui rawa atu i Ūropi. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, me hinga i a Hamburg, ā, muri iho i a Benelux.
Kei te piki haere te hiranga o te mamati. Kei roto i te rārangi o ngā mea hei mahi māu ko ngā pūnaha hapori tauranga, ngā tikanga tuhi e hangai ana ki te poraka mekameka, me te aroturuki ipu e mahi tahi ana me te Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT). He mea nui ēnei whakapainga, ehara i te mea hei whakahaere pai ake i ngā mahi, engari hei whakapai ake hoki i te tauranga ki ngā raina kaipuke o te ao e titiro ana ki ngā taunga tauranga i runga i te raina matua o Āhia-Ūropi.
Tērā anō te taha taiao e piki haere ana te hiranga. Kei te piki haere te pēhanga ki ngā tauranga o Ūropi kia huri hei taiao mā te whakatū i te hiko takutai, ngā whakaurunga puranga wai LNG, ngā kaupapa whakamātautau hauwai, me ngā ara kaipuke matomato. Mā te kaha o Piraeus ki te kukume mai i te whakatupuranga hou o ngā kaipuke tino iti te tukunga ka āwhina i a ia kia noho whakataetae tonu ina huri te umanga moana i ngā tau 2030.
Opaniraa
I roto i ngā tau 15, i neke atu a Piraeus i te tauranga o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i te 93, ki te pokapū ipu nui rawa atu o Ūropi i te 50 tau. E whakaatu ana tēnei me pēhea te mahi tahi a te moni, te mahere mārama, me te taunga pai ki te whakarerekē i te rere o te hokohoko puta noa i te ao. Ko te kaupapa haumitanga 600 miriona euro a COSCO he peti mō te whenua o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. He nui ngā hua o tēnei peti, ahakoa kua nui ake te koretake o ngā āhuatanga nā ngā taupatupatu whenua me te āhua o te Moana Whero.
Mō ngā kaitū kaipuke, ko te mea nui kia maumahara ko Piraeus he kōwhiringa pono, he pai te pūtea, he nui te kaha mō te whakawhiti taonga i waenga i Āhia me Ūropi ki te Tonga/ki te Rawhiti. He nui ngā penapena mō te whā ki te rima rā i roto i te wā whakawhiti ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu tauranga i Ūropi ki te Raki. Ka hipokina e te whatunga whāngai o te tauranga te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa katoa me te Moana Pango. Ko te hekenga o te tukunga i te tau 2024 i ahu mai i ngā āhuatanga o waho, pērā i te aukati i te Moana Whero, ehara i te mea nā te ngoikore o te hanganga o te tauranga. I te hokinga mai o te ara o te Awa o Suez ki te noa, tera pea ka hurihia tetahi wāhanga o tēnei hekenga.
Ko te kaha o Piraeus ki te whakataetae ki a Rotterdam me Antwerp mō ngā tūranga teitei i roto i ngā rarangi tauranga o Ūropi ka whakawhirinaki ki te haumi tonu, te pumau tōrangapū, me te pai o te tauranga ki te huri i ana rahinga whakawhiti kaipuke hei hononga maha-ara kaha. He mārama kua hurihia e te tauranga te pokapū taumaha o ngā mahi kawe ipu o Ūropi. Ka pā tēnei huringa ki te rautaki mekameka tuku mō ngā tau maha e haere ake nei.
FAQs
P: He aha i whiriwhiria ai e COSCO a Piraeus i runga ake i ētahi atu tauranga o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa?
A: Ko Piraeus te huarahi tere rawa atu mō ngā kaipuke mai i ngā tauranga o Āhia ki te Rawhiti ki te tae atu ki ngā kiritaki o Ūropi mā roto i te Awa o Suez. I whakapotohia te wā whakawhiti mā te whā ki te rima rā ki te whakataurite ki ngā tauranga o Ūropi ki te Raki. Ko ngā mahere whakahaere a COSCO i Ūropi i raro i te kaupapa Belt and Road i tino whai hua nā te tauranga hohonu o Kariki, te kore whanaketanga (ko te tikanga he wāhi hei tipu), me tōna rite ki te hoko i ngā mea motuhake i te wā o te raruraru pūtea.
P: Kei te tū tonu a Piraeus i te tuarima o ngā tūnga i Ūropi i te tau 2025?
A: E ai ki ngā raraunga a PortEconomics mō te tau 2024, ko Piraeus te tuarima o ngā tauranga pukumahi rawa atu i te EU mō ngā waka ipu i runga i ōna tauranga e whakahaerehia ana e COSCO. Ki te tatauhia ngā rahinga katoa o te tauranga, tae atu ki te tauranga ake a te PPA, tera pea he nui ake te tūnga whai hua. Nā te raruraru o te Moana Whero i heke te 7.8% mō te wā poto i te tau 2024, i te mea kei te piki haere tonu te ia o te tauranga mō te wā roa.
P: He aha te pānga o te raruraru o te Moana Whero ki te huarahi utanga mā Piraeus?
A: Nā te take o te Moana Whero, he maha ngā kamupene kaipuke i whakarerekē i ō rātou huarahi ki te haereere i te Cape of Good Hope o Āwherika, kaua ki te whakamahi i te Awa o Suez. Nā tēnei i iti ake ai ngā kaipuke matua o Āhia-Ūropi i tū ki Piraeus ki te whakawhiti taonga, koia te take i heke ai te rahinga i te tau 2024. Mā te whakahoki mai i te huarahi o te Awa o Suez ka āwhina tonu i te nui o ngā kaipuke whakawhiti e haere ana i Piraeus.
P: He aha te hea o COSCO i roto i te Mana Whakahaere Tauranga o Piraeus?
A: E 67% o te Piraeus Port Authority SA (PPA) te mana o COSCO Shipping, ā, i hokona haeretia, mai i te 51% i te tau 2016, ā, i piki haere ki te 67% i te tau 2021 i muri i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga haumi. E 7.1% o te kamupene te mana o te kāwanatanga o Kariki, ā, e 25% kei te hokohokohia i te Athens Stock Exchange.
P: Ka taea e ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi rahi-waenga te uru atu ki te ara tuku a Piraeus mō ngā tuku mai i Haina ki Ūropi?
A: Āe. Mā ngā ratonga whakakotahi LCL me ngā kamupene tuku utanga pēnei i a Topway Shipping ka taea te whakamahi i ngā utanga e ahu atu ana ki Piraeus mō ngā rahinga utanga iti, ahakoa ka taea e ngā kamupene tuku FCL nui te haere tika ki te tauranga. Ka whakakotahihia e ngā ratonga LCL ngā utanga iti ake mai i ngā kaihoko Haina ki ngā utanga ipu katoa. Ka tohatoha tika tēnei i ngā utu, ā, ka taea e ngā kamupene o ngā rahi katoa te uru atu ki ngā painga ā-rohe me te wā o Piraeus.
