Kei te pāngia te utu tuku ki Haina e te Taake Waro o Itari i te EU
Kupu Whakataki
Ki te tuku taonga koe mai i Haina ki Itari, ki tētahi atu wāhi rānei o te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, kua kite pea koe i tētahi utu hou i runga i ō nama tuku: ko te utu tāpiri a te EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). I te tīmatanga o te tau 2024, i piki ake ngā utu tuku mā te 1% noa iho, engari kua huri tēnei panonitanga iti hei tētahi o ngā panonitanga utu hanganga nui rawa atu i roto i ngā mahi kawe taonga o te ao i roto i te wā roa. Inaianei kei waenganui i te 6% me te 12% o te utu katoa o te tuku taonga i waenganui i a Haina me Ūropi, ā, e kore e ngaro.
He tino whakamīharo te tūranga o Itari i roto i tēnei kōrero. Ko Itari tētahi o ngā hoa mahi arumoni nui rawa atu a te EU me Haina. He maha ngā wāhanga mīhini, ngā hikohiko kaihoko, ngā kakahu, me ngā rauemi mata e whiwhi ana i Haina. Nā tēnei, ko ngā kaihoko kawemai o Itari kei te mamae nui atu i te nuinga. Kua tono tūwhera te Minita Ahumahi o Itari, a Adolfo Urso, kia whakaroahia te EU ETS, me te kī he "pānga kino" ki te whakataetae a Ūropi. Engari kei te haere tonu te tukanga. Kāore ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga a te EU e tatari kia whakaae te katoa ki aua ture.
Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te anga taake waro o te EU i roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho, e whakaatu ana i te pānga ki te utu o te tuku ki Haina, te mahi a ngā tatauranga, ngā mea me mahi e ngā kaikawemai kia tutuki ai ā rātou whakaritenga, me pēhea te whakahaere atamai i tō pānga ki te toenga o te tau 2026 me tua atu.
Te Mārama ki te EU ETS: Te Tikanga kei Muri i te Utu Tāpiri
Kua roa te Pūnaha Hokohoko Tukunga a te EU e tū ana mai i te tau 2005. I te tīmatanga, ko ngā tipu hiko anake, ngā ahumahi taumaha, me ngā kamupene rererangi i whakaurua. Ko te whanaketanga nui rawa atu mō te hokohoko o te ao i te marama o Tīhema 2022, i te wā i pōti ai te Paremata o Ūropi kia whakaurua te kawe waka moana ki roto i te ETS. I whakaaetia mana tēnei i te marama o Mei 2023, ā, i whai mana i te 1 o Hānuere 2024.
E mahi ana te pūnaha i runga i te ariā o te here-me-te-tauhokohoko. Ka whakatakoto te EU i tētahi rohe mō te nui o ngā hau kati kōtuhi ka taea te tuku e ngā rāngai katoa e hipokina ana. Me hoko e ngā kamupene kaipuke ngā Tahua a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi (EUA), arā, ko ngā whiwhinga waro, mō ia tana o te CO₂ ka tukuna e rātou i ngā haerenga ki ngā tauranga o te EU. I ia tau, ka whakawhāitihia te here, ko te tikanga he iti ake ngā tahua e wātea ana. Ka piki ake ngā utu i roto i te wā. E ai ki a BloombergNEF, ka piki pea ngā utu o te EUA mai i te awhe €65–€90 e matapaetia ana i te tau 2024 me te 2025 ki te €122 mō ia tana i te tau 2030.
He mea tino nui ngā ture mō te kapinga mō te hokohoko i waenga i a Haina me Itari. Mō ngā haerenga i waenga i te tauranga o te EU me te tauranga ehara i te EU, arā, ko te tuku kaipuke mai i Haina ki Itari, e 50% o te tapeke o ngā tukunga kaipuke ka pāngia e te EU ETS. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ehara i te mea ko ngā tukunga waro i roto i ngā wai o Ūropi anake te kawenga mō te kaipuke e rere ana mai i Shanghai ki Genoa; me tuku hoki e ia ngā tahua mō te haurua o ia tana o te CO₂ i tukuna i roto i te haerenga katoa o te 11,000 maero moana. He nui rawa tēnā.
I whakatakoto te EU i tētahi mahere whakauru-ā-wā kia whai wā ai te umanga kaipuke ki te taunga ki ngā huringa. Engari kua mutu kē taua wā atawhai. E whakaatu ana te ripanga i raro nei i te āhua o ngā huringa:
| tau | % Kapinga | Ngā Hau kua Taupokina | Awhe Utu o te EUA (€/tana) |
| 2024 | 40 orau | CO₂ anake | €65– €90 |
| 2025 | 70 orau | CO₂ anake | €60– €75 |
| 2026 | 100 orau | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O | €60– €150 |
| 2030 (whakataunga) | 100 orau | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O | Tae atu ki te €122+ |
Ripanga 1: Te Rārangi Wāhanga Whakauru a te EU ETS mō te Tukunga mā te Moana
He panonitanga nui te neke atu i te 70% te kapinga i te tau 2025 ki te 100% te kapinga i te tau 2026. Tata ki te rua te utu o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ina whakaritea ki ngā taumata o te tau 2024. I kī a Hapag-Lloyd, tētahi o ngā kaikawe ipu nui rawa atu o te ao, i te aroaro o te marea ka piki ake tā rātou utu tāpiri EU ETS mā te 45% nā tēnei panonitanga o ngā ture. Ko taua pikinga kei runga i ngā pakihiwi o ngā kaituku kaipuke.
Te Putanga o te Utu Tāpiri Waro i runga i tō Nama — me tōna Utu Tuturu
He mea nui kia mārama ki ngā taipitopito me pēhea te tuku a ngā kaikawe i ngā utu EU ETS nā te mea ehara te utu tāpiri i te utu papatahi. Ka rerekē i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga, pērā i te utu mākete o nāianei o ngā EUA (ko te nuinga o ngā kaikawe e whakahou ana i tēnei i ia toru marama), te whakatauranga whai huatanga pūngao o te kaipuke motuhake, te momo wahie e whakamahia ana, me te huarahi o te haerenga.
I te nuinga o te wā ka whakarerekē ngā kaikawe i ā rātou ripanga tāpiri i ia toru marama, mā te whakamahi i te toharite utu ā-wāhi EUA mō ngā marama e toru mai i ngā taupū pēnei i te ICE DEU3. Hei tauira, i hokohokohia ngā EUA i te utu toharite o te €76.75 mō ia tana mai i te 16 o Ākuhata ki te 15 o Noema, 2025. I whakamahia e Maersk tēnei tau hei tatau i ana tāpiri mō te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2026. Ko te pānga mahi mō te kaituku kaipuke ko te pikinga, te hekenga rānei o te utu kaipuke mā te 20–30% i runga i te raina ETS anake, ahakoa ka noho tonu ngā utu turanga.
Ko te taake waro mō te tau 2026 he $150 ki te $300 mō ia TEU mō te huarahi noa mai i Shanghai ki Rotterdam, i runga i te momo kaipuke. Mō ngā tauranga Itari pērā i a Genoa, i a La Spezia rānei, he tawhiti ake, ā, me whakawhiti kaipuke, ko ngā tau kei te pito teitei ake o taua awhe. Kāore hoki ngā kaipuke LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) i te haumaru. Ko te utu mō ngā tāpiringa ETS mō ia CBM mō te tau 2026 e matapaetia ana kei waenga i te $5 me te $8, ka piki mai i te $3 ki te $5 i te tau 2025.
| Ara | Utu Tāpiri ETS/TEU 2024 | Utu Tāpiri ETS/TEU 2025 | Utu Tāpiri ETS/TEU 2026 |
| Shanghai → Rotterdam | $ 80- $ 120 | $ 120- $ 180 | $ 150- $ 300 |
| Shanghai → Genoa/La Spezia (Itāria) | $ 90- $ 130 | $ 130- $ 200 | $ 170- $ 320 |
| Shenzhen → Hamburg | $ 75- $ 115 | $ 115- $ 175 | $ 145- $ 290 |
| Guangzhou → Barcelona | $ 85- $ 125 | $ 125- $ 185 | $ 155- $ 305 |
Ripanga 2: Te utu tāpiri a te EU ETS mō ia TEU mai i Haina ki ngā Tauranga o Ūropi (ngā tatauranga me ngā matapae mō te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2026)
Me utu e ngā kaituku kaipuke tētahi utu hou tuarua i te tau 2026, hei tāpiri atu ki te utu tāpiri taketake ETS: te utu tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a FuelEU Maritime. I whai mana tēnei ture i te marama o Hānuere 2025, ā, e mea ana me whakaiti haere ngā kaituku kaipuke i te nui o ngā hau kati kōtuhi i roto i ā rātou wahie moana. Me tīmata rātou me te whakahekenga 2% mai i te turanga o te tau 2020, ā, me eke ki te 6% i te tau 2030, me te 80% i te tau 2050. Nā te mea he nui ake te utu o ngā wahie koiora me ētahi atu momo rauemi matomato i ngā puranga noa, kei te tukuna e ngā kaituku kaipuke ētahi o ēnei utu hei rārangi tutuki motuhake, kei te whakauru rānei i a rātou ki te tauwehenga whakatikatika puranga. Mō ngā kaituku kaipuke e kawe mai ana i ngā taonga mai i Haina ki Itari, mā te EU ETS me te FuelEU Maritime e piki ake ngā utu utanga i tētahi ara e kore e taea te wareware i te whakamahere tahua.
Te Papa CBAM: Te Tikanga mō ō Kaiwhakarato Hainamana
He tikanga rerekē engari he rite te Waro Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) e mahi tahi ana me te EU ETS shipping adjustment. Ka aro te EU ETS ki te utu waro o te neke hua, ko te CBAM ia ka aro ki te utu waro o te hanga i ētahi taonga. Me mōhio te tangata e whakahaere ana i te hokohoko i waenga i a Haina me Itari ki ēnei mea e rua.
I te 1 o Oketopa, 2023, ka tīmata te wāhanga whakawhiti a te CBAM. Ko te tikanga me tuku e ngā kaikawe mai ngā pūrongo ā-hauwhā mō ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi tika me te kore tika e puta mai ana i ētahi momo kawemai. Me tīmata ngā kaikawe mai ki te hoko tiwhikete CBAM hei kapi i ngā tukunga kua whakamanahia i te 1 o Hānuere, 2026, ina tīmata te kawenga pūtea katoa. Ko te Tari Tikanga me te Manatoko Manapori Itari (Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli) te kawenga mō tēnei i Itari. Me whai mana ngā kaikawe mai i te mana whakapuakitanga CBAM hei kawe ture i ngā taonga kua hipokina.
| Kāwai hua | Tūnga | Ngā Kaihoko Hainamana e Pāngia ana |
| Rino me te Rino | Kaha (2026 kī tonu) | Teitei — te rāngai kaweake nui |
| konumohe | Kaha (2026 kī tonu) | Teitei — EV me ngā taonga kaihoko |
| sima | Kaha (2026 kī tonu) | He āhua |
| Ngooho | Kaha (2026 kī tonu) | He āhua |
| Te waihanga | Kaha (2026 kī tonu) | He iti i tēnei wā |
| hiko | Kaha (2026 kī tonu) | Autaki anake |
| Ngā kāwai whānui (whai muri i te tau 2026) | I raro i te arotake | TBD — whānui pea |
Ripanga 3: Ngā Rōpū Hua CBAM me Ō rātou Pānga ki ngā Kaihoko Hainamana
Ehara tēnei i te rautaki matapōkere mō ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana i roto i ngā ahumahi maitai, konumohe, me ērā atu ahumahi e pā ana. Ko te CBAM a te EU he whakarite i te papa tākaro i waenga i ngā kaihanga Hainamana me Ūropi mā te whakauaua ake i ngā kamupene Hainamana ki te hanga taonga me ngā ture taiao iti ake te kaha. He ETS ā-motu tō Haina, engari e pā ana ki tētahi rohe iti ake, ā, he iti ake ngā utu waro whai hua. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ina tae mai te maitai, te konumohe rānei o Haina ki ngā tauranga Itari, ka whai whakatikatika utu waro ka whakakore i te painga utu o ngā paerewa whakaputa Hainamana iti iho.
Mō ngā kai kawemai Itari, he taumahatanga uaua ake te pānga o te hekenga iho. Me whai tuhinga waro koe mai i ō kaiwhakarato Hainamana, inā koa ngā raraunga mō ā rātou tukunga mō ia waeine o te putanga. Heoi, he maha ngā kamupene Haina kāore e taea te tuku pono i ēnei mōhiohio i tēnei wā. He mea mōrearea te whakamahi i ngā tatauranga tukunga taunoa (teitei ake), e homai ana e te EU ina kāore he raraunga kua manatokohia, nā te mea ko te tikanga me nui ake te utu a ngā kai kawemai mō ngā tiwhikete CBAM i tā rātou e kī ana. Kāore he kōwhiringa ki te whakarite i ngā raraunga waro o tō mekameka tuku.
Te Urupare Tōrangapū o Itari me tōna Tikanga i roto i te Mahi
He mea nui kia mōhio ki te tūnga o Itari mō ngā ETS a te EU nā te mea ka puta he āhuarangi tōrangapū e pohehe ai ngā kaipuke he tohu pea ka whakarerekētia, ka whakaroahia rānei te kaupapa here. I te tīmatanga o te tau 2026, i tono tūmatanui a Adolfo Urso, te Minita Ahumahi o Itari, ki te EU kia mutu rawa te ETS. I kī ia he "taake noa iho" e "whakahē ana i ngā kamupene Pākehā kei whakataetae." I kī ia ko te tikanga kei te whakaiti i te whakataetae o ngā ahumahi matū me te kaha o te Pākehā.
He kōrero tōrangapū nui ēnei, ā, ehara i te mea ko Itari anake te whenua kua whakapuaki i ēnei. Nā te Pūrongo Draghi mō te whakataetae a Ūropi, i puta i te mutunga o te tau 2024, i kaha ake ai te tautohetohe whakataetae a te EU. Nā tēnei i nui ai te pēhanga ki Brussels kia huri i te tere me te āhua o te kaupapa here āhuarangi. Engari he rerekē te whakamutu i te EU ETS i te mahi tūturu. Ko te ETS he wāhanga o te ture a te EU, ā, e hono ana ki ngā kupu whakaari ture a te poraka ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Ahakoa ngā whenua mema e tautoko ana, kāore e taea e rātou te whakakore i ā rātou kawemai i a rātou anō.
Mena kei a koe tētahi pakihi e tuku taonga ana i waenga i a Haina me Itari, ko te mea nui kia maumahara koe kia kaua e whakatakoto i tō tahua whakahaere ki runga i tētahi whakatau tōrangapū kāore pea e tutuki. Whakamaherehia tō tahua i runga i ngā utu o nāianei, ā, whakaarohia ngā huringa kaupapa here ā muri ake nei hei painga, ehara i te mea noa. He nui ake te tūponotanga ka ohorere koe i ngā utu katoa o te whakatutuki i te ETS i te mea ka nui rawa atu tō tahua mena he iti noa ngā huringa e mahia ana.
Ngā Rautaki Whakahaere Utu mō ngā Kaituku Hokonga o Haina-Itari
I te mea kua noho te utu tāpiri a te EU ETS hei wāhanga tuturu o te taiao utu utanga, kua neke te arotahi mai i te mea kei te noho tonu ēnei whakapaunga ki te pehea e whakatau ai i aua whakapaunga me te mohio. Tērā pea ka whakamahia e ngā kaikawemai me ā rātou hoa mahi kawe uta he maha ngā rautaki motuhake.
Whiriwhiria anō ngā kirimana a ngā kaiwhakarato me te whai whakaaro ki te māramatanga waro
Ko te mea tuatahi, ko te mea nui rawa atu, kei te taumata kaiwhakarato. Mena ka tono koe kia homai e ngā kaihanga Hainamana ngā raraunga tukunga kua manatokohia mō ā rātou tukanga whakaputa, ka taea e koe te karo i te utu i ngā uara taunoa teitei, me te whakaiti i ō utu tiwhikete CBAM. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i ngā puna rauemi atamai. I raro i te tauira CBAM, ko ngā kaiwhakarato e haumi ana ki te whakaputanga ma, e whakaatu ana rānei i te waro whakauru iti iho, ka iti ake te utu, ahakoa he paku teitei ake te utu o ā rātou mahi tawhito. Ka pā tēnei ki te huarahi e tatau ai ngā kaihoko kawemai o Ūropi i te utu taunga katoa i ngā huarahi kāore anō kia tino whakaarohia e ngā tīma hoko noa.
Arotakehia ngā Huarahi Kōwhiringa - Engari kia Tūturu
Kua tirohia e ētahi kaipuke te whakawhiti utanga mā roto i ngā pokapū whakawhiti kaipuke ehara i te EU pērā i a Tanger Med i Morocco, i Port Said rānei i Ihipa hei whakaiti i ngā taunga tauranga o te EU, ā, nā reira, ka puta te mōrearea ETS. He tika te whakaaro: kāore e hiahiatia kia utua e ngā haerenga i waenga i ngā tauranga e rua kāore i roto i te EU te ETS. Heoi, he iti noa iho ngā penapena i te nuinga o te wā ina whakaritea ki te wā me te moni tāpiri e pau ana ki te whakahaere. Waihoki, he ture ārai-ārai kei ngā ture a te EU, ā, kei te aroturuki tonuhia te huarahi e tukuna ai ngā kaipuke. Mena ko te ūnga whakamutunga he tauranga Itari, ka pā te takoha ETS ki tētahi wāhanga nui o te haerenga, ahakoa he aha ngā tūnga i te ara.
Maukati i ngā Hanganga Kirimana Pai
He mea nui ake i ngā wā katoa i roto i te hītori kaipuke te whiriwhiri i waenga i ngā utu whakauru katoa me ngā pūnaha utu tāpiri-wāhi. Mā ngā utu whakauru katoa koe e mōhio ai ki ō utu, engari kāore pea e taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā utu iti o te EUA. Mā ngā whakaritenga utu tāpiri taupua koe e āhei ai ki te tango i ngā mōrearea i te taha raro engari ka tiakina koe i te taha ki runga mena ka heke ngā utu waro. Mena he maha āu kirimana wā roa, he pai te whakapaunga ture ki te whakauru i ngā rarangi utu tiritiri ETS, ngā rarangi here rānei ki roto i ngā kirimana kaikawe. He mea nui rawa tēnei mō ngā pakihi Itari e kawemai ana i ngā rauemi mata mai i Haina. He huarahi ā Hapag-Lloyd me Maersk ki te mahi i tēnei, pērā i ngā utu whakaheke mō ngā taonga tono utanga matomato.
Te Whakatakoto Pūtea Matatika mō te Tau 2026 me tua atu
I te wā e whakarite ana i ngā mahere mō te tau, me whakamahi ngā kaiwhakatauira tahua i ngā whakatau tata mō ngā utu o te EUA i waenga i te €80 me te €100 mō ia tana, me te tumanako ka piki ake te tapeke o ngā utu tāpiri e pā ana ki te ETS mā te 45–50% ki ngā taumata o te tau 2025. Hei tīmatanga, me tumanako ngā kaituku kaipuke LCL ki te utu i te $5 ki te $8 mō ia CBM i roto i ngā tāpiringa ETS. Ehara ēnei tau i te mea kino rawa atu; koinei te whakaaro o Deutsche Bank me ētahi atu kaimatapae mō te mākete i tēnei wā tonu. Kei te mahi anō te IMO i tētahi pūnaha utu waro ā-ao mō ngā kaipuke e whakaritea ana kia whai mana i te tau 2027. Mā tēnei ka tāpirihia he paparanga pēhanga utu ki ngā haerenga ki tāwāhi e haere ana ki waho o te EU.
| Momo Tukunga | Tāpiri ETS 2025 | Tāpiri ETS 2026 |
| FCL (mō ia TEU) | $ 115- $ 175 | $ 150- $ 300 |
| LCL (ia CBM) | $ 3- $ 5 | $ 5- $ 8 |
| % o te utu utanga katoa | ~4–6% | 6 - 12% |
Ripanga 4: Te Pānga o te Utu ETS a te EU mā te Momo Tukunga — Haina ki Ūropi
Me pēhea te āwhina a Topway Shipping i a koe ki te whakatere i te taiao utu waro hou
Kei Shenzhen, Haina te turanga o Topway Shipping, ā, he kaiwhakarato ngaio ia mō ngā otinga whakahaere hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe mai i te tau 2010. He tino pai rātou ki te tuku kaipuke i waenga i a Haina me Ūropi me Haina me ngā ara hokohoko o Amerika. Neke atu i te 15 tau te tohungatanga o te tīma whakatū ki te mahi tika me ngā whakahaere ratonga o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga. Kua hurihia hoki e te kamupene tana tauira ratonga kia tutuki ai ngā ture hou i whakatakotoria e te EU ETS me te CBAM.
Mā Topway Shipping ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka kawe taonga, mai i te kawe mai i ngā taonga mai i ngā wheketere Haina ki ngā tauranga tae atu ki te penapena i aua taonga ki Ūropi, te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tuku taonga (tae atu ki te āwhina i ngā whakaritenga CBAM), me te tuku atu ki Itari me ētahi atu wāhi o te EU. He kōwhiringa pai a Topway mō ngā kaituku taonga e hiahia ana ki te tuku taonga ki Itari nā te mea e mōhio ana rātou ki te whakahaere i ngā tikanga tuku taonga a Itari me ngā whakaritenga whakapuakitanga CBAM i whakatakotoria e te Tari Tikanga me te Monopoly a Itari. Ko te tikanga he hoa mahi tā ngā kiritaki e mōhio ana ki te taha kaweake Hainamana me te taha kawemai a Itari o te whārite whakaritenga.
He rerekē ngā huarahi ngāwari a Topway ki te FCL (Utaina Ipu Katoa) me te LCL (Utaina Ipu Iti iho) mō ngā utanga moana mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga matua o Ūropi pērā i a Genoa, La Spezia, Naples, me Trieste. Mā ngā ratonga whakakotahi LCL a Topway ka taea e ngā kaikawemai iti ake kāore e taea te whakakī i tētahi ipu katoa te uru atu ki ngā kōwhiringa tuku utu iti. Kātahi ka mahi te tīma ki te arotau i te huarahi me te kōwhiringa kaikawe hei whakaiti i te pānga koretake ki ngā utu waro.
He tino painga whakataetae te whai hoa mahi kawe taonga hei whakamārama i te tikanga o ia rārangi taonga, me te aroturuki i ngā whakahoutanga tāpiritanga ā-hauwhā o te kaikawe taonga i roto i te mākete e uaua haere ana te nama utanga me ngā tāpiritanga ETS, ngā utu hanganga ture a FuelEU, ngā whakatikatika BAF, me ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete CBAM. Ko te kaupapa matua a Topway Shipping ehara i te mea ko te kawe tere i ngā taonga anake, engari ko te āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia mārama ki te utu katoa o ā rātou mekameka tuku kia taea ai e rātou te whakatau pai ake mō te wāhi hei hoko, me pēhea te tuku, me pēhea te hainatanga kirimana i tēnei wā hou o te hokohoko o te ao e utuhia ana te waro.
Opaniraa
Kāore te EU ETS e waiho hei mea hei āwangawanga mō ngā rā kei te heke mai. He whakapaunga tēnei me whakahaere i tēnei wā tonu. Ki te hiahia koe ki te tuku taonga mai i Haina ki Itari, ki hea atu rānei i roto i te EU i te tau 2026, me utu e koe he pire waro mō ngā utanga moana. He rite tonu tēnei ki ngā utu whakahaere tauranga, ki ngā whakapaunga tuku uta rānei. Ko te whakatinanatanga ā-wāhanga i tīmata i te tau 2024 kua tutuki katoa inaianei me te kapinga CO₂ 100%. I tēnei tau, i tāpirihia te methane me te hauota waikura ki te anga, ā, ka nui ake te pēhanga ki ngā utu.
I taua wā anō, kei te whakarerekē te CBAM i te huarahi e whakataetae ai ngā kamupene i te taumata whakaputa. Ki ngā kawemai Pākehā, ko te māramatanga waro i roto i ngā mekameka tuku Hainamana he mea nui inaianei mō te pakihi, ehara i te mea he mea pai noa iho mō te ESG. Ko te koretake o Itari ki te ETS, e whakaatuhia ana e ngā karanga a ngā minita kia whakaroahia, he tohu o te mamae ōhanga tūturu, engari kāore e pā ki ngā herenga me whai e ngā pakihi i ēnei rā.
Ko ngā kamupene e whakaaro ana ki te utu waro hei mea tino nui i roto i te hoahoa mekameka tuku ka mahi i te mea pai i roto i tēnei taiao. Ka mahi rātou i tēnei mā te whiriwhiri anō i ngā tikanga a ngā kaiwhakarato kia uru atu ai ngā tukunga kua whakauruhia, tae atu ki ngā matapae utu ETS tūturu ki roto i ā rātou tauira pūtea, me te mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe waka he mōhiotanga whakahaere me te ture. Kua uru te umanga kaipuke ki te wā waro. Ko te pātai inaianei ehara i te mea me whai wāhi atu, engari me pēhea te pai.
FAQs
P: Ka pā te utu tāpiri EU ETS ki ngā taonga katoa i tukuna mai i Haina ki Itari?
A: Ko te utu tāpiri a te EU ETS mō te haerenga moana katoa, ehara i te mea ko ētahi taonga anake. Ka pā te utu tāpiri ki ngā uta ipu katoa i runga i te kaipuke e tū ana ki te tauranga Itari, ahakoa he aha kei roto. Ka utua e te kaikawe ngā tahua, kātahi ka tāpirihia te utu ki te nama utanga hei tūemi raina.
P: He rite tonu te CBAM ki te utu tāpiri kaipuke EU ETS?
A: Kāo, he pūnaha rerekē ēnei e rua. Kei roto i te utu tuku mō te EU ETS te utu waro o te haerenga, arā, te penehīni i tahuna ki te moana. Kei roto i te CBAM te waro e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ētahi hua, pērā i te maitai, te konumohe, te sima, ngā maniua, te hauwai, me te hiko. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mea e rua mō te tuku kotahi mai i Haina ki Itari kei roto ngā kāwai hua kua hipokina, engari ka tatauhia, ka utua motuhaketia.
P: Kia pēhea te auau o te panonitanga o ngā utu tāpiri ETS i runga i aku nama utanga?
A: Ko te nuinga o ngā kaikawe nui ka whakarerekē i ā rātou utu tāpiri EU ETS i ia toru marama, i runga i te toharite hurihuri o te utu ā-wāhi o te EUA. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka taea e te utu waro mō ia TEU, mō ia CBM rānei te whakarerekē nui mai i tētahi hauwhā ki tētahi hauwhā. Engari i te whakaaro he utu papatahi mō te tau katoa, me whai whakaaro koe ki tēnei piki me te heke ina whakatau tata ana i ō utu taunga.
P: Ka taea e au te karo i ngā utu ETS a te EU mā te tuku i ngā tauranga ehara i te EU?
A: He wāhanga, engari kāore i te maha kia tika ai. Nā te mea me tae te uta ki tētahi tauranga EU i Itari, ka utua tonutia e te EU ETS te nuinga o te haerenga me ngā tukunga e haere tahi ana me taua mea. Ko te wā me te moni tāpiri e pau ana ki te whakahaere me te kawe i ngā pokapū whakawhiti kaipuke ehara i te EU ka whakakore i ngā penapena utu waro.
P: He aha ngā mea me pātai atu ki taku kaituku utanga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te EU ETS?
A: Pātai atu mō tētahi whakamārama taipitopito mō te whakatau tata i ngā utu tāpiri ETS mō ō huarahi motuhake, te utu kaikawe e hoatu ana ki a koe mō ngā utu EUA, me te mea kei roto, kei waho rānei i te whakatau tata ngā utu hanganga ture a FuelEU Maritime. Me taea e tētahi hoa mahi kawe waka pēnei i a Topway Shipping e mōhio ana ki tā rātou mahi te whakarato i tēnei taumata māramatanga ki a koe, me te āwhina i a koe ki te whakataurite i ngā utu tāpiri ki ngā pepa utu kaikawe kua whakaputaina.
