Kutumirwa kweDAP kubva kuChina kuenda kuUK: Maitiro eKubvisa Mari uye Mari
ziviso
Kana ukatumira zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuUnited Kingdom uchishandisa DAP, pamwe wakanzwa mutongo mumwe chete kubva kumativi ese echibvumirano: "Wati zvauya, saka invoice iyi ndeyei?" Kuvhiringidzika uku kunonzwisisika. DAP, muchidimbu Delivered at Place, inonzwika sevimbiso yekuenda pasuo nesuo, asi nemaune inosiya basa guru kumutengi. Basa iroro nderekubvumidza kupinda kwezvinhu muUK, pamwe chete nemutero neVAT zvinouya nazvo. Kana mutengi asingatarisiri bhiri iroro, zvinhu zvinogara pachiteshi, nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu nekuderedza mutengo zvinotanga kushanda, uye hukama hwakanaka hwekutengeserana hunokanganiswa nekuda kwedambudziko raifungidzirwa zvachose.
Nyaya iyi iri kufamba nekukurumidzawo. Hurumende yeUK yakasimbisa mubhajeti remwaka weAutumn ra2025 kuti kuderedzwa kwemutero wemitero yemitero pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvine mutengo wakaderera zvinokosha £135 kana pasi kuchabviswa, uye zuva rekumiswa kwenguva refu raKurume 2029 richamiswa. Kuburitswa kwenhau mushure mekuziviswa kwehurumende muna Chikunguru 2026 kunoratidza kuganhurirwa kwekutanga kwaGumiguru 2028. Panguva iyi European Union yakaisa mutero wenguva pfupi we €3 pazvitoro zvine mutengo wakaderera kubva musi wa1 Chikunguru 2026, uye United States yakagumisa kusunungurwa kwayo kwe de minimis muna 2025. Vatengesi vakavaka mari yavo yekupinda mumisika yekumadokero vasina mutero ikozvino vanofanira kuratidza ramangwana rakasiyana zvikuru.
Gwaro iri rinotsanangura mashandiro anoita DAP munzira dzinobva kuChina kuenda kuUK, mashandiro anoita nzira dzekubvisa ngarava kubva kuUK kubva panguva yakasarudzwa ngarava kusvika panguva yadzikiswa rori, mari dzipi dzinoonekwa munzira, uye kuti ndiani anowanzobhadhara imwe neimwe. Rakanyorwa kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika, vatengesi vanoyambuka miganhu nevanopinza zvinhu muUK vanoda ruzivo rwakakosha kwete dzidziso. Nhamba dzese dzemari dzinoratidza kuronga, uye unofanirwa kugara uchizvisimbisa uchishandisa quotation yakanyorwa usati wazvipira kutumira.
Zvinorehwa neDAP pakutumira zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuUK
Tsanangudzo yeIncoterms 2020 mumutauro wakajeka
Pasi peDAP, mutengesi anoronga uye anobhadhara kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yaanofanira kuenda kuUK. Nzvimbo iyoyo inogona kunge iri imba yekuchengetera zvinhu yemutengi muBirmingham, nzvimbo yekuzadzisa zvinhu muDaventry kana nzvimbo yekugovera zvinhu muManchester. Zvinhu zvinoverengwa sezvinenge zvaunzwa kana zvaiswa pamutengi panzira yekufambisa inosvika, zvagadzirira kuburutswa. Njodzi inoenda kumutengi panguva iyoyo. Mutengesi asati aita izvozvo, anotakura gwaro rekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika muChina, muripo wekubva, mutoro mukuru uye njodzi yekurasikirwa kana kukuvara pakufamba.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinofanira kutariswa kupfuura zvavanowanzo gamuchira. Chekutanga ndechekuti nzvimbo yakanyorwa inofanira kunge yakanyatsojeka. Chibvumirano chinoti "DAP London" chinoita kuti pave nenharo pamusoro pekuti mutengesi anofanira kuendesa zvinhu kuchiteshi cheTilbury here kana kuchitoro cheEnfield, nepo "DAP Unit 4, Trafford Park, Manchester" chisingasiyi mukana wekusava nechokwadi. Chechipiri ndechekuti DAP haisanganisiri kuburutsa zvinhu panzvimbo yaunoda. Kana rori ikasvika uye pasina munhu ane forklift kana kubhuka dhoki yekurodha zvinhu, gakava harisisiri re invoice, rave renguva yekumirira uye kuti ndiani anoribhadhara.
DAP kana ichienzaniswa neEXW neDDP
Nzira yakachena yekunzwisisa DAP ndeyekuisa pakati pemashoko maviri ayo vatengesi vanowanzoivhiringidza nawo. EXW inosundira zvinhu zvese kumutengi, kusanganisira kubvumidzwa kwekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika muChina. DDP inodzosera zvinhu zvese kumutengesi, kusanganisira mutero weUK neVAT. DAP iri pakati: mutengesi anotamisa zvinhu kusvika kukero yeUK, asi mutengi ndiye ane chiziviso chekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika nemitero.
Tafura 1: Kupatsanurwa kwemabasa pasi peEXW, DAP neDDP yekutumira zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuUK
| basa | EXW | DAP | DDP |
| Export clearance muChina | mutengi | mutengesi | mutengesi |
| Ngoro huru inoenda kuUK | mutengi | mutengesi | mutengesi |
| Kuendeswa kunzvimbo inonzi UK | mutengi | mutengesi | mutengesi |
| Kuziviswa kwemitengo yekunze kweUK | mutengi | mutengi | mutengesi |
| UK customs duty | mutengi | mutengi | mutengesi |
| UK import VAT | mutengi | mutengi | mutengesi |
| Kuburutsa panzvimbo | mutengi | mutengi | mutengi |
Mafekitori ekuChina anowanzo sarudza DAP nekuti inovadzivirira pakunyoresa VAT yeUK kana kugadza mumiriri wezvemitero, zvese izvi zvichifanirwa kumhanyisa kutumira kwechokwadi kweDDP. Vatengesi vekunze vekuUK vakagara vachiifarira nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero. Bhizinesi rakanyoreswa VAT rinogona kushandisa accounting yeVAT yakanonoka, kusarudza broker yaro yezvemitero uye kuchengetedza kutonga kwakasimba pakupatsanura nekuyera mitengo, izvo zvakaoma kuita kana mutengesi achibata zvese kubva kune imwe kondinendi.
Yambiro kune vanotenga kekutanga muUK
Dambudziko reDAP nderemutengi asati ambotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Kuti anyorese kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika muUK, munhu anotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika anoda nhamba yeGB EORI, iyo isingabhadharwe asi inofanira kunyorerwa kuburikidza neHMRC, uye inodawo broker kana munhu anokwanisa kuisa zvinhu mukati mekambani kuti anyorese. Bhizinesi diki rinowana zvinodiwa izvi kana ngarava yava kutosvika kuFelixstowe harina nguva yakawanda yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Dambudziko iri rakatonyanya kuoma mukutengeserana kwebhizinesi nevatengi. Kana mutengesi akatumira pasi peDAP uye mutengi wekupedzisira akakumbirwa kubhadhara VAT kana mutero pamusuwo, zvichemo, kurambidzwa kwekutumira uye kudzoserwa kwemari zvinowanzo tevera. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei vatengesi vazhinji vepaindaneti vanoshandisa nzira yeDAP yekutakura zvinhu panzvimbo huru vobva vabhadhara mitero kare kuburikidza nemupi webasa, kuitira kuti ruzivo rwevatengi rurambe rwuri seDDP.
Chii Chachinja muMitemo yeKupinza Zvinhu muUK Munguva Pfupi Yapfuura
Kwemakore mashanu apfuura, vatengesi vemapasuru muUK vakashanda nemutemo uri nyore: zvinhu zvinokosha pa £135 kana pasi zvaigona kupinda pasina mutero wemutero, kunyangwe VAT yaifanira kutorwa panguva yekutengeswa kubva muna Ndira 2021. Mutemo iwoyo ikozvino wava nenguva yekukwereta. Bhajeti reMatsutso ra2025 rakasimbisa kuti mutero wemutero uchabviswa pasati pasvika Kurume 2029, uye kubvunzana kwakabatana kwakakurudzira kuti vatengesi, pamwe nemisika yepamhepo inoita kuti kutengesa kwavo kuve nyore, vanofanira kuva nemutoro wekubhadhara mutero. Kune vatengesi vekunze vasina UK, kubvunzana kwakaratidzawo kushandiswa kwemumiriri wezvemari weUK.
Kukura kwenyaya iyi kunotsanangura chikonzero chekukurumidzira. HMRC yakafungidzira kuti zvinhu zvinosvika mamiriyoni mazana matanhatu zvine mutengo wakaderera zvakapinda muUK muna 2024. Pfungwa dziri kukurukurwa dzinosanganisira mutero wakareruka wezvinhu zvine mutengo wakaderera, zvinodiwa nedata rakawanda pakutumira kwega kwega uye muripo wekutonga wekubhadhara mari yekutarisa miganhu. Masangano eindasitiri akadai seICAEW akati Kurume 2029 kwanonoka, uye mishumo ichangobva kuitika pamusoro penguva yekupedzisira yaGumiguru 2028 inoratidza kuti hurumende yanga ichiteerera. Nekuti rugwaro rwemutemo chairwo ruchiri kupedzwa, unofanirwa kuongorora zuva razvino paGOV.UK usati wariisa mumuenzaniso wemitengo.
Zviitiko zviri kunze kweUK zvine basawo. EU yakaunza mutero we €3 pachinhu chimwe nechimwe pamidziyo ye e-commerce ine mutengo wakaderera musi wa1 Chikunguru 2026 uye inoronga kubvisa muganho wayo we €150 muna 2028, ukuwo US yakamisa kusabvumirwa kwayo ne $800 muna Nyamavhuvhu 2025. Humbowo hwekutanga kubva kuEurope hunoshamisa, neFinland ichiti yakaderera neanopfuura 75 muzana muzvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvine mutengo wakaderera mumwedzi wekutanga. Vaongorori vemaindasitiri vanonetseka kuti mapasuru akabviswa kuEU anogona kuendeswa kuUK panguva ino, chinova chimwe chikonzero chiri kuwedzera kutarisisa kwekushandiswa kwemari pakusakosha kwezvinhu uye kusazivisa zvinhu zvisiri izvo.
Tafura 2: Mazuva akakosha ekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvine mutengo wakaderera zvinokanganisa vatengesi vanobva kuChina kuenda kuUK
| zuva | budiriro | Zvinoreva zvinoshanda |
| January 2021 | VAT yeUK inounganidzwa panzvimbo yekutengeswa pamutengo we £135 kana pasi | Vatengesi vekunze kwenyika vanofanirwa kunyoresa kuUK VAT; mutero wemutero uchiri kuderedzwa |
| August 2025 | US yamisa kusunungurwa kwayo kwe$800 de minimis | Vatengesi vachinja huwandu hwezvinhu vachienda kuUK neEU, zvichikonzera kuferefetwa |
| 26 November 2025 | Bhajeti reUK reMumatsutso rinosimbisa kubviswa kwemutero we £135 | Kutanga kwekuchinja kwemakore akawanda uye kubvunzana nezvemitemo |
| 1 July 2026 | EU yatanga mutero wenguva pfupi we€3 pamhando yechinhu chimwe nechimwe pazvitoro zvine mutengo wakaderera | Mitengo yemapasuru anotumirwa kuburikidza kana mumisika yeEU iri kukwira |
| Kusvika musi wa31 Zvita 2026 | Rubatsiro rwemari yeUK £135 rwuchiripo parizvino | Nguva yekuronga kuti vatengesi vagadzirire data nemitengo |
| Pakazosvika Gumiguru 2028 (yakataurwa) uye Kurume 2029 panguva yekupedzisira | UK yabvisa rubatsiro rwemutero we £135 | Mutero wemitengo unoshanda kune zvinhu zvine mutengo wakaderera |
Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti chii chisina kuchinja. Chero chinhu chinotengeswa chinodarika £135 chatobhadhara mutero wemutero wemutero kana zvichibvira uye VAT inopinzwa inotorwa kana yasvika, uye ichi ndicho chokwadi chezuva nezuva chezvinhu zvakaiswa mupallet uye zviri mumakontena zvinosanganisirwa neDAP. Kugadziriswa kuri kuuya kunonyanya kuchinja kutengeserana kwemapasuru madiki, asi mafambiro ekufamba, neruzivo rwakawanda, mutoro wakawanda uye nzira shoma dzekukurumidza dzisina kurongeka, zvichakanganisa zvese zvinotumirwa zvinoyambuka muganhu weUK.
Maitiro ekubvisa DAP kubva kuChina kuenda kuUK, Danho nedanho
Kutumirwa kweDAP kune zviitiko zviviri zvekubviswa kwezvinhu, chimwe chiri kumagumo ega ega, uye zvinobatwa nemapoka akasiyana. Rutivi rweChina ndiro basa remutengesi uye rinowanzoitwa nguva dzose. Rutivi rweUK nderwemutengi, uye apa ndipo panowanikwa kunonoka. Kurongeka kuri pazasi kunotevera kutumirwa kwemidziyo yemugungwa , kunyangwe mafambiro emumhepo nekufamba kwemhepo zvichitevera pfungwa imwechete nekufamba kwenguva pfupi.
Danho 1: Kugadzirira kutumira zvinhu kuChina
Kubviswa zvakanaka kwechinhu kunotanga usati watakura zvinhu. Mutengesi anopedzisa kuzivisa nezvekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika muChina uye anoburitsa invoice yekutengeserana nerondedzero yekurongedza zvinhu zvinoenderana nemutsetse, nekuti vakuru vezvemitero vekuUK, nemainjini avo enjodzi, vanotanga vatarisa kusawirirana mumutengo, huremu, huwandu uye tsananguro. Tsananguro isina kujeka yakaita se "zvishongedzo" kana "zvikamu zvekuchengetedza" ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvinowanzo kukonzera mibvunzo nemibvunzo.
Panguva imwe chete, mutengi nemutengesi vanofanira kubvumirana nekodhi yezvinhu zveUK zvine manhamba gumi yechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe, nyika yakabva uye kukosha kwayo kwakaziviswa. Zvinhu zvekuChina hazvibatsirike nechibvumirano chekutengeserana neUK, saka mutero wepasi rose unoshanda kunze kwekunge chigadzirwa chacho chakafukidzwa nekumiswa kana chiyero chekugadzirisa kutengeserana. Kusarudza chokwadi ichi nekukurumidza kunoita kuti broker aongorore mitengo yemutero uye aratidze chero chigadzirwa chinoda rezenisi, mushumo wekuyedza kana kunyora label.
Danho rechipiri: Ruzivo rwezvinhu zvinotakura uye kusvika kwechikepe
Ngarava isati yasvika kuUK, mutakuri kana mumiririri wayo vanotumira ruzivo rwekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza, rwunozivikanwa seEntry Summary Declaration, zvichibva padata rakapihwa nemufambisi wengarava. Kana mutoro ukafambiswa kana kufamba nemumachiteshi eEU uri munzira, zvinodiwa neEU zveruzivo rwepamberi zvinogona kushandawo, saka ruzivo rwekubhuka runofanira kunge rwakarurama kubva pazuva rekutanga. Zvikanganiso padanho iri zvinogona kutungamira kune meseji yekuti "usarodha" kana kunonoka pakufambiswa kwengarava, uye mutengo unowanzo bhadharwa nemunhu akapa ruzivo rwakakanganisika.
Zuva rekusvika parinosvika, munhu anotumira zvinhu anozivisa kuti zvinhu zvichasvika riini uye kuti zvichasvika riini. Mutengi anofanira kuudza mutengesi wezvemitero wekuUK panguva ino, opa gwaro remutemo rezvemitero rakasainwa uye osimbisa kuti nhamba yeEORI iri kushanda. Bhiri rekutanga rekutakura zvinhu, kana kuti telex kana sea waybill release, rinofanirawo kugadziriswa, sezvo ngarava isingazobudisi gwaro rekutumira zvinhu isina.
Danho rechitatu: Kuisa chiziviso chekupinza zvinhu kuburikidza neCDS
Zvikumbiro zvekupinza zvinhu muUK zvava kuendeswa kuburikidza neCustoms Declaration Service, iyo yakatsiva sisitimu yekare yeCHIEF. Mutengesi anotumira chiziviso chacho nemagetsi pamwe chete neruzivo rwemutengesi, makodhi ezvigadzirwa, kukosha kwemutero, kwakabva, huremu, Incoterm uye mareferensi emagwaro ekufambisa. Incoterm inokosha nekuti inoudza vatengi kuti ndeapi mari yekutakura zvinhu neinishuwarenzi iri mumutengo weinishuwarenzi uye kuti ndeapi anofanira kuwedzerwa kuti asvike kukosha kwemutero.
Kukosha kwemutero kunoverengerwa zvichienderana neCIF, zvichireva mutengo wezvinhu pamwe nekutakura zvinhu neinishuwarenzi kusvika pakupinda muUK. Kana invoice iri maererano neDAP, mutengo wakapihwa unosanganisirawo mutoro, asi unogona kusanganisirawo mari yekutumira zvinhu mukati meUK isiri chikamu chemutengo wemutero, saka vatengesi vanowanzoda kuongororwa kwemutengo kuti vasawedzere kana kuderedza nhamba yacho. Vatengesi vanotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanowanzo vhura account yekunonoka kwemutero kuitira kuti mutero ubhadharwe pamwedzi pane kutumira zvinhu nekutumira.
Danho rechina: Kubhadhara mutero neVAT uye kuwana kusunungurwa
Kana chiziviso chagamuchirwa, CDS inoverenga mutero neVAT zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa. Mutengesi anobhadhara izvi kubva kuaccount yekunonoka yemutengesi, otora mari kubva kumutengesi pachine nguva kana kubhadhara mari yacho oidzosera zvakare nemari yekubata. Mutoro unoburitswa kana chiziviso chagamuchirwa uye mutero wacho wakachengetedzwa, uye mutengesi anotumira ruzivo rwekusunungurwa kuchiteshi kana mudura kuitira kuti mudziyo ubve.
Vatengesi vezvinhu vakanyoreswa neVAT vanowanzo shandisa accounting yeVAT yakanonoka. Pasi pehurongwa uhu, VAT yekupinza zvinhu inoziviswa uye inodzoserwa paVAT imwe chete, iyo inobvisa mari inobuda pakubhadhara bhiri guru reVAT pamuganhu. Mutero haugone kunonoka nenzira imwecheteyo, saka unofanirwa kubhadharwa kana kunonotswa. Kune bhizinesi rinopinza zvinhu zvine mutengo wemakumi ezviuru zvemapaunzi, musiyano uyu une simba guru pamari yekushanda.
Tafura 3: Muenzaniso wemutero wakashanda uye VAT pamutengo weDAP (mutero we4% unofungidzirwa)
| chinhu | Mari (GBP) |
| Kukosha kwezvinhu, FOB China | 12,000.00 |
| Kutakura zvinhu pasi rose neinishuwarenzi kumuganhu weUK | 900.00 |
| Kukosha kwetsika (CIF) | 12,900.00 |
| Mutero wemutero we4% wemutengo wemutero wemutero | 516.00 |
| Huwandu hweVAT (mutengo wemutero pamwe nemutero) | 13,416.00 |
| Kupinza VAT pa20% | 2,683.20 |
| Mutero wose neVAT zvinobhadharwa kuHMRC | 3,199.20 |
Tafura inoratidza kuti sei mutengi aitarisira kubhadhara zvinhu chete angashamisika. Pamutengo wezvinhu zvinokosha £12,000, bhiri remutero pamuganhu rinodarika £3,000 usati wawedzerwa chero muripo webroker kana port. Kana mutengi akanyoreswa muVAT uye achishandisa accounting yakanonoka, £516 yemutero chete ndiyo inofanira kubhadharwa nemari, uye VAT inodzoserwa pakudzoka kumwe chete. Kuverengwa kwacho kunogona kusiyana zvishoma kana mimwe mari, yakadai sekutumira mukati meUK, ichifanira kuwedzerwa paVAT.
Danho rechishanu: Kuongorora, kuita uye kuongorora
Hazvisi zvese zvinotumirwa zvinoongororwa, asi chero chipi zvacho chinogona kuongororwa. Mitemo inoshandisa nzira yakavakirwa panjodzi, uye zvinowanzo kukonzera magwaro asina kuenderana, kukosha kwakaderera kusingawanzo ziviswa, zvinhu zvine nhoroondo yekusaiswa muzvikamu, uye zvigadzirwa zviri pasi pekuchengetedzwa kana kudzorwa kwekugadzirisa. Kuongorora magwaro ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa uye inowanzo tora maawa mashoma kusvika pazuva. Kuongorora muviri kana kuskena hazviwanzoitiki, asi kana zvikaitika kuti mudziyo unogona kutamiswa kunzvimbo yekuongorora, uye mutengo wekutakura, kuvhura nekuvhara zvakare unowira kune anoupinza.
Chikafu, zvirimwa nezvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvinowira pasi pehutsanana uye hutsanana hwemhuka kuburikidza neUK Border Target Operating Model, uye mamwe makemikari, mabhatiri nezvinhu zvemagetsi zvinoda humbowo hunotsigira kutevedzera mitemo. Kana bhuroka akaudzwa nekukurumidza nezvezvikamu izvi, mapepa anogona kugadzirwa usati wasvika pane mushure mekunge zvinhu zvatotanga kuchengetwa.
Danho rechitanhatu: Kutumirwa kwekupedzisira uye humbowo hwekutumira
Mushure mekusunungurwa, mutyairi wekutakura zvinhu anotora mudziyo, kana kuti mutoro weLCL unoendeswa kunzvimbo yekutakura zvinhu, wouendesa kunzvimbo yakatarwa. Nekuti DAP inogumira pamotokari inosvika, mutengi anofanira kunge aine nzvimbo yekutakura zvinhu, vashandi nemidziyo yakagadzirira. Kusvika pakunonoka kunoita kuti pave nemari yekumirira, uye kutadza kuunzwa kunogona kureva muripo wekutumira zvinhu zvakare. Mutengesi anowanzo chengeta humbowo hwakasainwa hwekutumira zvinhu sehumbowo hwekuti njodzi yapfuura, izvo zvakakosha kune zvikumbiro uye kune mitemo yekubhadhara yakabvumiranwa muchibvumirano chekutengesa.
Magwaro anodiwa pakarepo
Kunonoka kukuru kwemitero kunokonzerwa nemagwaro, kwete nemitero. Tafura inotevera inoratidza mapepa akajairika uye kuti ndiani ane basa rekuwaendesa pakutumira kweDAP.
Tafura 4: Magwaro makuru ekutumira DAP kubva kuChina kuenda kuUK
| Document | chinangwa | Kazhinji zvinopihwa ne |
| Invoice yekutengesa | Inoratidza kukosha, tsananguro yechigadzirwa, Incoterm uye mapato | mutengesi |
| Packing runyorwa | Inoratidza huwandu, huremu, saizi uye kurongedza | mutengesi |
| Bhiri rekutakura kana bhiri rekufambisa ndege | Chibvumirano chekutakura zvinhu nengarava, uye gwaro reumboo rekutakura zvinhu nechikepe | Mutakuri kana kuendesa mberi |
| GB EORI nhamba | Inozivisa munhu anotengesa zvinhu kuUK | mutengi |
| Simba remumiriri wezvemitero | Anopa mvumo kune mutengesi kuti anyore zvinyorwa panzvimbo yemutengi | mutengi |
| Chitupa chekubva | Inotsigira zvichemo zvepakutanga uye kuongorora nzira dzekugadzirisa nadzo kana zvakakodzera | mutengesi |
| Mafaira ekutevedzera zvinodiwa nezvigadzirwa | Uchapupu hweUKCA kana CE, mishumo yebvunzo, mapepa edata rekuchengetedza | Mutengesi nemutengi |
| Marezenisi nemvumo | Inodiwa pazvinhu zvinorambidzwa kana kudzorwa | mutengi |
Nguva dzekufambisa uye kuti nzira yacho inokanganisa sei kuburitswa kwenzvimbo
Kutakurwa kunochinja kumhanya kwerwendo pamwe nekufamba kwenguva. Kutakurwa kwemugungwa kunosiya mupi wezvinhu mavhiki akati wandei kuti agadzirire kupinda, ukuwo kutakurwa kwemudenga kunomanikidza zvese kuita mazuva uye kunoda kuti mutengesi agare akamirira.
Tafura 5: Nguva dzinoratidza kufamba kubva kuChina kuenda kuUK nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana
| fashoni | Kufamba kunoratidza | Zvakanyanya kufanira | Chiziviso chekubvisa |
| Gungwa FCL | Mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu ekuenda kuchiteshi | Full mudziyo mitoro | Kupinda kunowanzoitwa usati wasvika |
| Gungwa LCL | Mazuva mashanu kusvika mapfumbamwe pasuo nesuo | Mavhoriyamu madiki | Danho rekuwedzera rekubata nekubvisa CFS |
| Mhepo kutakura | Mazuva mashanu kusvika mapfumbamwe pasuo nesuo | Urgent or high-value cargo | Kubviswa kwemari pazuva rimwe chete kwakajairika |
| Chitima chekutakura | Mazuva mashanu kusvika mapfumbamwe pasuo nesuo | Mitoro yepakati nepakati, inoenderana nenguva | Kufambiswa kwemutero kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzemutero |
| express courier | Mazuva mashanu kusvika mapfumbamwe pasuo nesuo | Mienzaniso nemapasuru | Kazhinji imhando yeDDP ine mitero yeprepaid |
Mari dzeUK pasi peDAP: Ndiani Anobhadhara Chii
Mari dzekubhadhara ndidzo dzinowanzo kanganisa ma quotation eDAP, nekuti mutengo wemutengesi unovhara rwendo rwekuenda kukero yeUK asi kwete mari dzinowanikwa panguva yekubvumidzwa kweUK. Munhu anotumira mashoko eDAP pachokwadi achaparadzanisa mapoka maviri emari dziri pa quotation, uye mutengi anoverenga gwaro iroro nokungwarira haazoshamisiki.
Tafura 6: Mari dzinoshandiswa kuUK pakutumira zvinhu neDAP (dzinoratidza kuronga)
| murandu | Kazhinji inobhadharwa na | Rudzi kana hwaro hunoratidza |
| Kubvumidzwa kwemitero (mari yekupinda mubroker) | mutengi | £35 kusvika £80 pakupinda, zvichienderana nekuoma kwenyaya |
| Mitsetse yezvimwe zvinhu | mutengi | £5 kusvika £15 pamutsetse wekuwedzera wemitero |
| Mutero wemutero neVAT kana muripo wekutarisira | mutengi | Kazhinji 1% kusvika 2% yemari yakabhadharwa, nemutengo uri pasi |
| Kubata kwenzvimbo yekuenda (FCL) | mutengi | £150 kusvika £300 pamudziyo mumwe chete |
| Mari yekutumira odha kana yekuburitsa | mutengi | £40 kusvika £100 pabhiri rekutakura zvinhu |
| Kubata nekubvisa CFS (LCL) | mutengi | £10 kusvika £30 pa cbm, nemari shoma |
| Kutakura kubva pachiteshi kuenda kunzvimbo yakatumidzwa zita | Mutengesi (akabatanidzwa mumutengo weDAP) | Kubva pa£250 kusvika £900 kana kupfuura, zvichienderana nedaro uye rudzi rwechirongo |
| Bvunzo yetsika kana kuskena | mutengi | £100 kusvika £400 kana kupfuura, pamwe chete nekutakura nekubata |
| Demurrage uye kuvharirwa | Munhu anokonzeresa kunonoka, kazhinji mutengi mushure mekusvika | Kazhinji £50 kusvika £150 pamudziyo wega wega pazuva mushure menguva yekuzorora |
| Mutero weCustoms | mutengi | Zvinoenderana nekodhi yemitero, kazhinji 0% kusvika 12% yezvinhu zvakajairika |
| VAT kunze kwenyika | Mutengi (anogona kudzoserwa kana akanyoreswa muVAT) | 20% yemari yemutero pamwe chete nemutero |
Mutero unoverengerwa sechikamu chemutengo wemutero, uye chikamu chacho chinoenderana nekodhi yezvinhu. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvevatengi nemaindasitiri zvinowira pakati pe zero kusvika gumi nemaviri muzana pasi peUK Global Tariff, nepo zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita seshangu, mbatya nemotokari zvinogona kunge zvakakwira. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinobva kuChina zvinotarisirwawo kudzorwa, kusanganisira mutero wekudzivirira marara pazvinhu zvakasarudzwa zvesimbi, aluminium neceramic, uye izvi zvinowedzerwa pamusoro pemutengo wakajairika. UK Trade Remedies Authority inoburitsa runyorwa rwazvino, uye zvakakosha kutarisa usati wataura.
Mhosva dzinoonekwa mushure mekusvika
Kubviswa kwechinhu nekuchengetedzwa kwechinhu ndicho chinhu chinodhura zvikuru mukutengeserana kweDAP. Kubviswa kwechinhu nekuchengetedzwa kwechinhu nengarava kunobhadhariswa nechiteshi kana chiteshi chengarava kana mudziyo ukagara mukati mechiteshi kupfuura nguva yekusununguka, uye kuchengetwa kwechinhu nechikepe kunobhadhariswa kana mudziyo uri kunze kwechiteshi kwenguva yakareba usati wadzorerwa usina chinhu. Nguva yekusununguka inowanzova mazuva mashoma chete. Nekuti DAP inoisa mvumo mumaoko emutengi, broker anononoka, bhiri remutero risina kubhadharwa kana munhu asingapindure anogona kushandura kusvika kwechikepe zvakanaka kuita vhiki yekubhadhara zuva nezuva.
Kuchengeta zvinhu imhando yechipiri yemutengo. Kana zvinhu zvikachengetwa kuti zviongororwe, kana kuti imba yekuchengetera zvinhu ikasakwanisa kuzvigamuchira pazuva rakarongwa, chiteshi chengarava kana CFS inobhadharisa mari yekuchengetedza pamitengo inokwira zvakanyanya mushure memazuva mashoma ekutanga. Mari yekutumira zvinhu zvakare inopedzisa mufananidzo. Hapana kana imwe yemitengo iyi yakakura kana yaparadzaniswa, asi pamwe chete inogona kudarika muripo wemutengesi kakawanda.
Saka chibvumirano chine musoro chinotaura kuti ndiani anobhadhara mari dzine chekuita nekunonoka uye kuti ndeapi mamiriro ezvinhu. Chibvumirano chinowanzoitwa ndechekuti mutengesi ndiye anobhadhara mari yacho kusvika mota yasvika panzvimbo yakatarwa, nepo mutengi achibhadhara chero chinhu chinokonzerwa nekunonoka kubviswa kana nzvimbo yekuburutsa zvinhu isina kugadzirira.
Mari dzinobhadharwa nemutengesi pakutanga
Pasi peDAP, mutengesi anotumira zvinhu anosanganisira kuzivisa kwekutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kweChina, kutakura zvinhu kubva kumotokari kuenda kuchiteshi, kutakura zvinhu mugungwa kana mundege, uye kana zvabvumiranwa, inishuwarenzi yekutakura zvinhu . Mari yekuwedzera yeBunker neyemwaka wepamusoro, pamwe nemari yekuchengetedza nemagwaro, inofanirawo kuva pano. Mari idzi dzinochinja nemusika vhiki nevhiki, saka quotation yeDAP inongoreva chete kana paine nguva yekushanda uye runyorwa rwakajeka rwezvinhu zvisingabatanidzwe.
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika Zvinowedzera Mutengo uye Kunonoka
Kuderedza kukosha kweinvoice
Vamwe vatengesi vanoratidza kukosha kwakaderera painvoice kuti vabatsire mutengi kubhadhara mutero mudiki uye VAT. Iyi itsika ine njodzi, nekuti tsika dzinoshandisa data rekuenzanisa kuratidza kukosha kwakaderera uye dzinogona kuongororazve mutero, kuwedzera zvirango uye kubata mutoro panguva iyo ichiferefeta. Mari yakachengetwa pakuzivisa kwekutanga haiwanzokosha kuratidzwa, uye maitiro ekusakoshesa mutengo anogona kukanganisa zvese zvinotumirwa neanopinza zvinhu gare gare.
Kodhi yezvinhu zvisirizvo kana kwazvakatangira
Kusarudza kodhi yezvinhu nekuti ine mutengo wakaderera idambudziko rinowanzoitika. Kodhi inofanira kutsanangura chigadzirwa chaicho, zvinhu zvacho uye mashandiro acho, uye broker anoda ruzivo rwakakwana kuti asarudze nemazvo. Kodhi isiriyo inogona kureva mutero usingabhadharwe zvakakwana, uye mune dzimwe nguva inovanza chigadzirwa chinoda rezenisi kana kuti chiri pasi pekugadzirisa kwekutengeserana. Kwakatangira kunofanirawo kuva kwakarurama. Mazita ekuti "Made in China" uye chitupa chekunobva kuChina zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yemitero, nepo zvinhu zvakangopedzwa mune imwe nyika zvingasakodzera imwe yakabva.
Hapana EORI, hapana broker, hapana chirongwa
Mutengi asina nhamba yeEORI kana hukama hwemutengesi haakwanise kutumira tsamba yekupinda, uye zvinhu zviri muchitoro hazvigone kuita chimwe chinhu kunze kwekumirira. Gadziriso yacho iri nyore, izvo zvinoita kuti chikanganiso chiwedzere kunetsa. Kumbira mutengi kuti asimbise nhamba yeEORI uye kuti asarudze mutengesi usati wabhuka, uye kumbira kuti mutengesi wake ataure naye kuitira kuti anotumira agone kutumira magwaro zvakananga.
Kero yekutumira isina kujeka
Chibvumirano cheDAP chinongopa zita reguta panzvimbo pekero chaiyo yekutumira zvinhu chinokonzera kusawirirana pamusoro pemutengo wekutakura zvinhu, zvinodiwa pakubata mapareti uye mutoro wekuburitsa zvinhu. Mutengi anofanira kupa kero yakazara, maawa ekuvhura, maitiro ekugadzwa kwezvinhu pamwe nemidziyo iripo panzvimbo yacho.
Kutarisa kutevedzera mitemo yezvigadzirwa
Kubviswa kwemitero muzvitoro chikamu chimwe chete chenyaya iyi. Zvinhu zvinoiswa pamusika weUK zvinofanirwa kuzadzisa mitemo yekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, iyo inowanzoreva kunyorwa kweUKCA kana, kune akawanda mapoka, kunyorwa kweCE kunoramba kuchigamuchirwa muGreat Britain. Zvinhu zvemagetsi, matoyi, zvizoro, mabhatiri uye zvigadzirwa zvine mamodules asina waya chimwe nechimwe chine mitemo yazvo yekuyedzwa, kunyora mazita uye magwaro. Kana mapepa asipo pamuganhu, mutoro unogona kubatwa, kuparadzwa kana kudzoserwa, uye mutengo uyu wakakura kupfuura chero kuchengetedza kwekutakura.
Maitiro Ekuchengetedza Mari Yekutenga Zvinhu Zvisina Kurongwa
Tsika yekutanga ndeyekuverenga mutengo wekutenga zvinhu usati wapedza mutengo, kwete mushure mekunge zvinhu zvasvika. Spreadsheet iri nyore inotanga nemutengo wezvinhu, inowedzera kutakura zvinhu neinishuwarenzi kuti isvike pamutengo wecustoms, inoshandisa mutero wemutero wobva wawedzera VAT inoratidza mari chaiyo inodiwa pamuganhu. Wedzera mari yebroker, terminal uye yekutakura zvinhu, uye enzanisa nhamba yekupedzisira nemutengo wako wekutengesa. Kana mari yacho yapera, zviri nani kudzidza izvozvo usati wasimbisa odha.
Tsika yechipiri ndeyekusarudza nzira chaiyo yekutumira zvinhu. Mutengi anogara achitumira mapallet mana kusvika matanhatu anogona kuona kuti LCL inononoka asi yakachipa pane mudziyo usina chinhu, nepo mutengesi ane mutoro wakazara wemidziyo mwedzi wega wega anogona kutaurirana mitengo iri nani uye nguva yemahara. Kana kumhanya kuchikosha kupfuura mutengo weyuniti, senge pakuburitswa kwezvinhu zvitsva kana stock yekushambadzira, kutakura zvinhu nendege kunogona kudzivirira kutengesa kunyangwe mutengo wekutakura zvinhu pakirogiramu wakakwira.
Tsika yechitatu ndeyekugadzirira mapepa pachine nguva uye kuita kuti arambe akafanana. Chengetedza faira rezvigadzirwa rine makodhi ezvigadzirwa, tsananguro, zvinhu, huremu uye magwaro ekutevedzera mitemo, uye shandisa pane imwe neimwe inotumirwa. Kana invoice, runyorwa rwekurongedza uye gwaro rekutakura zvese zvichitaura nyaya imwe chete, mibvunzo yemutero inova mishoma uye vatengesi vanogona kushandura zvirevo nekukurumidza.
Chekupedzisira, funga nezvekuchinja uku ikozvino. Sezvo rubatsiro rwemutengo wakaderera rwuchipera, vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vane data rakanaka, kunyoreswa kweVAT yeUK kana mumiriri wezvemari uye nhoroondo yakachena yemitero vachachinja zviri nyore. Vatengesi vanombomira basa iri kusvika nguva yakatarwa vachange vachikwikwidzana kuti vawane mukana wekutengesa zvinhu uye vachidzidza mitemo mitsva panguva imwe chete nevamwe vese.
Kutumirwa kweTopway Kunotsigira Sei Kutumirwa kweDAP kuUK
Kubva muna 2010, Topway Shipping, ine muzinda wayo muShenzhen, China, yave iri kambani yehunyanzvi mukupa mhinduro dzezvinhu zvinotengeswa paindaneti. Chikwata chedu chekutanga chine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu mukutakura zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvisa zvinhu kubva mumitero, uye kunyangwe ruzivo rwedu rwakawanda rwuri mukutakura zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuUS, nzira imwecheteyo yekururama kwedata, kudzora magwaro uye kugoverwa kwemari kwakajeka kunoshanda kune nzira dzese dzatinofamba nadzo, kusanganisira zvinhu zvinotumirwa kuenda kuUK ports.
Mabasa edu anofukidza zvese zvinoitwa nekutakura zvinhu, kubva pakutakura zvinhu muChina nekuchengetera zvinhu kunze kwenyika kusvika pakubviswa kwezvinhu nekutumira zvinhu mumigwagwa yekupedzisira. Kune zvinhu zvinotumirwa neDAP, izvi zvinoreva kuti mumwe chete anogona kuronga rwendo rwese, kubva pakutorwa kwefekitori nekuburitswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kusvika pakuziviswa kwekusvika, kupihwa kwekubvisa zvinhu uye kutumirwa kwekupedzisira kunzvimbo yakatarwa. Isu tinopawo masevhisi ekutakura zvinhu mugungwa eFCL neLCL kubva kuChina kuenda kumachiteshi makuru pasi rese, saka munhu anotumira zvinhu anogona kufananidza sarudzo yekontena nehuwandu hwezvinhu panzvimbo pekubhadhara nzvimbo isina chinhu.
Mukuita, tinobatsira vatengi nenzira nhatu. Tinogadzirira magwaro nedata zvichienderana nechiyero chinoita kuti kuburitswa kwemari kuve nyore, tinotora mitengo yeDAP nekupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pemari yemutengesi neyemutengi, uye tinoronga kuendeswa kwemutengesi wemutengesi kuitira kuti zvinhu zvisamire zvisina basa pachiteshi. Kana usina chokwadi kana DAP, DDP kana imwe Incoterm ndiyo yakakodzera bhizinesi rako, timu yeTopway Shipping inogona kuongorora chigadzirwa chako, mutengi wako uye huwandu hwako uye kupa chimiro chinodzivirira mari yako uye hukama hwako nevatengi.
mhedziso
DAP izwi rinoshanda uye rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya rekutumira zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuUK, asi rinoshanda zvakanaka chete kana mativi ese anzwisisa kuti basa remutengesi rinogumira papi uye remutengi rinotangira papi. Mutengesi anotakura zvinhu kunzvimbo yakatarwa, uye mutengi anozvibvisa kuburikidza nemitero yeUK, anobhadhara mutero neVAT uye anoburitsa zvinhu mumotokari. Kana chikamu ichocho chakanyorwa zvakajeka muchibvumirano uye chinoratidzwa mukotesheni, DAP inopa vatengesi mutoro unogoneka uye inopa vatengi simba rekutonga kutevedzera mitemo yavo yekupinda.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ari kutenderedza maitiro aya ari kuchinja. Kupera kwekurerutsirwa kwemutero we £135, mutero mutsva we EU wemutengo wakaderera uye kutarisisa kuri kukura kwemhando yedata zvese zvinonongedzera kune sisitimu yemitero umo kururama kunokosha kupfuura kare. Mabhizinesi anogadzirira magwaro avo, anosimbisa makodhi avo ezvigadzirwa, anonyoresa kuEORI, anoverenga mutengo wepasi pevhu pachine nguva uye anoshanda nemutengesi anonzwisisa magumo ese enzira achabvisa zvinhu nekukurumidza uye anobhadhara mari shoma dzisingatarisirwi. Topway Shipping yakagadzirira kutsigira basa iroro, kubva pamakiromita ekutanga muChina kusvika pakutumira kwekupedzisira muUK.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Ndiani anobhadhara mutero wekupinza zvinhu muUK neVAT pasi peDAP?
A: Mutengi anobhadhara. Pasi peDAP, mutengesi ndiye ane basa rekutakura zvinhu kuenda kunzvimbo yataurwa, asi kubvumidzwa kwekutenga zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika, mutero wemu ...
Mubvunzo: Ndinoda nhamba yeEORI here kuti nditore zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuUK?
A: Ehe, bhizinesi rinopinza zvinhu muGreat Britain rinoda nhamba yeGB EORI kuti riite chiziviso chemitero. Kunyorera kuburikidza neHMRC hakubhadharwi, uye chikumbiro chinofanira kuitwa pamberi pengarava dzekutakura zvinhu.
Mubvunzo: Ko mwero we £135 wekubhadhara mutero uchiripo here?
A: Panguva yekunyora nyaya iyi ichiripo, asi hurumende yakasimbisa kuti ichabviswa, zuva razvino rakapihwa saKurume 2029 uye mamwe mashoko achangoburwa achinongedzera kuna Gumiguru 2028. Tarisa GOV.UK kuti uone chinzvimbo chazvino usati waronga mitengo yenguva refu.
Mubvunzo: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peDAP neDDP yekutumira zvinhu muUK?
A: NeDAP mutengi anobhadhara mutero wemutero neVAT. NeDDP mutengesi anoita zvese izvozvo uye anoendesa zvinhu nemitero yakatogadziriswa, izvo zviri nyore kumutengi asi zvinoisa mutoro mukuru wekutevera mitemo pamutengesi.
Mubvunzo: Ndingadzivirira sei kuderedza mari yekutenga zvinhu uye muripo wekuchengetedza zvinhu pazviteshi zveUK?
A: Sarudza mutengesi wezvemitero usati wasvika, iva nechokwadi chekuti EORI nemvumo yekupa gwaro zvagadzirira, tumira magwaro akarurama nekukurumidza, uye bhuka nzvimbo yekutumira zvinhu pachine nguva. Kugadzirira nekukurumidza uye kwakakwana ndiyo dziviriro yakanakisisa kubva pamari yezuva nezuva.
