Zvinokanganiswa Nevanotenga Zvinhu Kubva kuFrance Nezvekubvumidzwa Kwemitero Yekutengeswa Kwezvinhu Kubva kuChina
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France ndiyo kambani huru yekutengeserana yeChina muEurope kana zvasvika pakutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye hukama hwacho huri kuramba huchikura. Hurumende yeFrance yakaita zviziviso zvemapakeji madiki zvinosvika mamiriyoni 189 muna 2024 chete, zvinova zvakapetwa katatu kupfuura zvavakaita makore maviri apfuura. 97% yezvinotumirwa izvi zvaibva kuChina. Mugwagwa wakazara vanhu kupfuura kare. Asi kuva nemabasa akawanda hazvirevi kuti zvinhu zvinofamba zvakanaka. Vhiki rega rega, zvinhu zvinotumirwa zvinonamira paLe Havre kana Marseille-Fos, zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuongororwazve, uye vanopinza zvinhu vanowana mabhiri emitero asingatarisirwi anovaderedza purofiti yavo. Izvi hazviitike nekuti mitemo yacho yakaoma, asi nekuti mabhizinesi ese anoramba achiita zvikanganiso zvakafanana zvaigona kudzivirirwa.
Kana zvasvika pakutengeswa kwezvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance, mitemo iyi inobatanidza mitemo yeEU yemitero, mitemo yemitero yenyika yeFrance, uye shanduko dzakawanda dzemitemo dzakaitika nekukurumidza kubva muna 2024. Muna 2024, France yakapasisa mutemo unonzi Finance Act waifanirwa kumisa kubiridzira kwemitero neVAT. Mutero mutsva weTaxe petit colis (TPC), mutero mutsva weparcel, wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Kurume, 2026. EU pachayo yakabvumirana muna Zvita 2025 kuwedzera muripo wekubata we€3 kune zvese zvinotumirwa neB2C zvine mutengo wakaderera kutanga musi wa1 Chikunguru, 2026. Kana mutengesi asina kutarisa modhi yavo yekutevedzera mitemo mugore rapfuura, pane mukana wakanaka wekuti wavari kushandisa hausi kutevedzera mitemo.
Peji rino harisi gwara rekutumira zvinhu kubva kuChina. Rinopa ruzivo rwakananga uye runobatsira pamusoro pezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa nevanotenga zvinhu kubva kuFrance pavanoburitsa zvinhu kuburikidza netsika dzemuFrance. Rinokuudza dambudziko racho, kuti sei richiramba richiitika, uye zvekuita. Ruzivo rwuri pazasi runobatsira bhizinesi rako, kungave uri kutumira zvinhu zvemaindasitiri, zvinhu zvevatengi, kana kuita bhizinesi rekutengesa zvinhu zvemagetsi rinoyambuka miganhu.
Mamiriro Ekutonga: Chii Chakachinja uye Nei Chichikosha
Zvinobatsira kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu ari kukonzera zvikanganiso usati waedza kuona kuti zvikanganiso zvacho ndezvipi. France inotevera mitemo yetsika dzemu EU, kunyanya Union Customs Code (UCC), asi inewo mitemo yayo inoita kuti zvinhu zviomere vagari vemuFrance. Brussels ndiyo inoisa mitemo, uye Paris inozadzisa zvinodiwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hurongwa uhwu hune vakuru vaviri.
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa shanduko dzakakosha dzichangoburwa. Kubva muna 2022, mabhizinesi akanyoreswa muFrance (EURL, SARL, SAS structures) akakwanisa kunonoka kubhadhara VAT yemunyika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti havafanirwe kubhadhara VAT pamuganhu uye vanogona kuidzosa gare gare. Pane kudaro, mitero yemunyika inoshandiswa kuzivisa nekubhadhara VAT mwedzi wega wega. Vazhinji vanopinza zvinhu munyika havazivi nezvekuwedzera kwemari iyi, kana kuti havasati vagadzirira zvakanaka neakaunti yavo. Kune rumwe rutivi, mabhizinesi ega ega haakwanise kudzosa chero VAT yemunyika.
Mutemo weMari wegore ra2024 muFrance wakabvumidza zviri pamutemo kuburitswa kweVAT mukutengeserana kwepamhepo, kunyanya kana zvinhu zvichitumirwa kubva kuChina. Mutemo wakachinja kuti ndiani anofanira kubhadhara VAT kana kukosha kwemitero yemutero nemutengo wekutengesa zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinowanzo gara zvichiitika nekutumira zvinhu muzvitoro. Mutengesi (kwete mutengi) anofanira kubhadhara VAT yemuno neVAT yemuno kana zvinodiwa kuti mitero yemuno iendeswe isina kuzadzikiswa. Danho iri rakachinja nzira iyo zviuru zvemabhizinesi anotengesa zvinhu zveChina muFrance asina kunyoreswa kweIOSS zviri pamutemo anofanirwa kufunga nezvekutevedzera mitemo.
Tevere kwakauya TPC. Kutanga musi wa1 Kurume, 2026, France yakabhadharisa mutero wekutonga we€2 pamutengo wepakeji dzese dzekutengeserana dzisingasviki €150 dzakabva kunze kweEU. Mari iyi haisi mutero wemutero wemitero uye haitsivi VAT; inowedzera pane zvaunenge watokwereta. Pakeji ine mhando nhatu dzezvigadzirwa (nemusoro weHS wenhamba 4) inodhura €6 TPC. Mutero we€3 pachinhu chimwe nechimwe unoshanda kunyika dzese dzeEU, wakasarudzwa musi wa12 Zvita, 2025, uye unotanga kushanda musi wa1 Chikunguru, 2026, unowedzera rimwe danho. Kune makambani akavakirwa pamutengo wavo pahurongwa hwekare hwe de minimis, mari idzi dzakaunganidzwa kuwedzera kwemitengo kunoda kutarisirwa nesimba, kwete kungogadziriswa chete.
Kushanda Kwakaita Kuverenga Mutero Chaizvo
Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika pakubhadhara zvinhu zvinopinzwa muFrance ndechekusaziva kuti mitero neVAT zvinogadziriswa sei. Nzira yeCIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) inoshandiswa neFrance kuona huwandu hwemitero inobhadharwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuverenga hakungotangi nekukosha kwezvigadzirwa chete; kunosanganisirawo mutengo wekutakura zvinhu neinishuwarenzi yepasi rose kusvika pakupinda muEU. Unofanira kubhadhara mitero paeuro yega yega yaunoshandisa pakutumira zvinhu neinishuwarenzi.
Mari yemutero inobva paTARIC yezvigadzirwa, inova ndiyo EU's 10-digit tariff code system inotora HS code yepasi rose uye inoita kuti ive yakasarudzika kuEurope. Avhareji yemutero weFrance muna 2025 inenge 4.2%, asi zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nerudzi rwechigadzirwa. Mamwe maelectronic haafanire kubhadhara mutero, nepo mamwe machira nezvinhu zvevatengi zvinofanirwa kubhadhara 12% kana kupfuura. Kana mutero wangowanikwa, VAT pamutengo weFrench we20% inowedzerwa kuCIF value nemutero. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza izvi nemuenzaniso wakagadzirwa.
| chikamu | Fomura / Mwero | Muenzaniso: Mutengo wezvinhu €5,000 + Mutengo wekutakura zvinhu €300 |
| Mutengo weCIF | Zvinhu + Kutakura Zvinhu + Inishuwarenzi | €5,300 |
| Customs Duty | CIF × mutero wemutero (avhareji 4.2%, inosiyana zvichienderana neHS) | €5,300 × 4.2% = €222.60 |
| VAT Base | CIF + Mutero wemutero | €5,300 + €222.60 = €5,522.60 |
| VAT (Yakajairika) | VAT Base × 20% | €5,522.60 × 20% = €1,104.52 |
| TPC (kubva munaKurume 2026) | €2 muripo wemutengo pamutengo wega wega (pasi pe€150 mapasuru) | €2 pachikamu cheHS chine manhamba mana chiri mupasuru |
| EU Levy (kubva muna Chikunguru 2026) | €3 muripo wechinhu chimwe nechimwe (zvese zvine mutengo wakaderera B2C) | €3 pachinhu chimwe nechimwe pamusoro peTPC |
| Mutero Wese Wemutero | Mutero + VAT (+ mari yemitero kana zvichibvira) | €1,327.12 (kusasanganisira mari yemitero yemuenzaniso uyu) |
Chinhu chinoshanda ndechekuti vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanoshandisa mari ye invoice yezvigadzirwa kuti vaone kuti mari yavanoshandisa yasvika panzvimbo yavo vanogara vasina bhajeti yakakwana yekubhadhara mari yemitero yemutero. Kutumira zvinhu uko zvinodhura €5,000 asi zvinhu zvinotakura zvinhu zvinowedzera €300 uye mutero wemutero wakakura kupfuura zvaitarisirwa zvinogona kukonzera bhiri remitero yemutero rakawedzera €200 kusvika €400 kupfuura zvaitarisirwa neanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Kana ukaita izvi nekutumira zvinhu zvakawanda mwedzi wega wega, mhedzisiro yacho yese inova yakakura chaizvo.
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika - uye Maitiro Ekuzvigadzirisa
| Common Mistake | Zvinofungidzirwa Nevanopinza Zvinhu Munyika | Chokwadi Chakaitika muFrance |
| Kuderedza kukosha kwezvinhu pa invoice | Kukosha kwakaderera kwakaziviswa = mabasa akaderera | Zvinhu zvemuFrance zvakatora €2.5B muzvinhu zvisina kukosha zvakanyanya muna 2024; zvirango + kubatwa kwemidziyo |
| Wrong HS code classification | Kuenzanisa kwechikamu chisina kunaka kwakanaka | Kodhi yeTARIC ine manhamba gumi ndiyo inosarudza mwero chaiwo wemutero; kusarongeka zvakanaka kunoita kuti kuongororwazve kuitwe |
| Hapana nhamba yeEORI yakagadzirira | Unogona kunyoresa gare gare kana kushandisa nhamba yemutengesi | EORI inosungirwa isati yasvika chero kutengeserana kwemutero; inononoka kuburitswa kwekutumira nekukasika |
| Kusiya IOSS kuti utenge e-commerce | Danho rekusarudza kutevedzera mitemo | Pasina IOSS: mutengesi ane chikwereti cheVAT yekupinda munyika uye VAT yemuno; kunyoreswa kweVAT yeFrance kunodiwa |
| Kufunga kuti CIF = kukosha kwezvinhu chete | Mutengo wechigadzirwa chete ndiwo unokosha | CIF inosanganisira inishuwarenzi yekutakura zvinhu; zvese zviri zviviri zvikamu zvinobhadhariswa mutero |
| Kuregeredza CE marking / standards | Chitupa cheChina chakakwana | Mitemo yezvigadzirwa zveEU/France inosungirwa; zvinhu zvisingatevedzeri mitemo zvinovharirwa pamitero |
| Kubata TPC sechisarudzo (2026) | Mapasuru madiki ari pasi pe€150 haabhadhariswe mutero | TPC €2/musoro unoshanda kubva munaKurume 1, 2026; mutero we€3 weEU yose unotevera munaChikunguru 1, 2026 |
| Havasi kugadza mumiriri wezvemari (asiri weEU) | Kushanda pasina kuvapo kwenzvimbo kwakanaka | Vatengesi vasiri vemuEU vane mutoro wekubhadhara VAT yeFrance vanofanira kusarudza mumiriri wezvemari |
Chikanganiso 1: Kusakoshesa Zvinhu Zviri Painivhoyisi Yekutengeserana
Tsika dzemuFrance dzakaita kuti chikanganiso ichi chive chinangwa chikuru chekumanikidza vanhu kuti vasashandise mutemo. Muna 2024, Direction Générale des Douanes et Droits Indirects (DGDDI) yakatora zvinhu zvinokosha €2.5 bhiriyoni zvainge zvisina kukosha pane zvainge zvakakosha. Mari iyi inoratidza kuti dambudziko rakakura sei uye kuti chiito chekumanikidza vanhu chakura sei. Zvine musoro kuderedza kukosha kwezvinhu nekuti kukosha kwakaderera kunoreva VAT shoma nemutero. Dambudziko nderekuti tsika dzemuFrance dzinoziva pfungwa iyi zvakanaka uye dzinoongorora kukosha kunonzi kwakaitwa zvichienderana nedatabases yemusika, zvinyorwa zvekunze zvekare, uye mitengo kubva kune vatengesi.
Kana zvikaonekwa, mhedzisiro yacho yakaipa zvikuru. Vatengi vemitero vanogona kusarudza kuti mutengo wakakodzera ndewei zvakare vobhadharisa mutero wese neVAT zvichibva pazviri, kwete zvinotaurwa neanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Zvinhu zvinotorwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanogona kubhadhariswa faindi uye, kana vakatyora mutemo zvakare, vanoendeswa kujeri. Invoice yekutengeserana inofanira kuratidza kukosha kwechokwadi kwekutengeserana, kusanganisira chero zvidzikiso, makomisheni, mari yekushandisa, kana rubatsiro rwunopiwa kumutengesi wekuChina runochinja mutengo chaiwo wezvinhu.
Chikanganiso chechipiri: Kubata HS Code Classification seFormality
Kuti ubudirire mutsika dzemuFrance, unoda kodhi yeTARIC ine manhamba gumi. Haugone kushandisa tsananguro yezvigadzirwa, kodhi yeHS ine manhamba matanhatu, kana kodhi kubva kune chimwe chigadzirwa chakafanana. Mutengo wemutero, matanho ekutengeserana anoshanda, uye kana chero quota kana mitemo yekudzivirira dumping inoshanda zvese zvinoenderana nekupatsanurwa kwenhamba gumi chaiyo. Kune zvinhu zvinobva kuChina, mitengo yekudzivirira dumping injodzi chaiyo uye inowanzo regeredzwa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi, solar panels, e-bikes, uye ceramics zvese zvine nzira dzazvo dzekudzivirira dumping dzinogona kuwedzera zvakawanda kumutero wekutanga.
Pane nzira mbiri huru dzinoita kuti kusarongeka kwezvikamu zvisizvo kuitike. Mupi wezvinhu anowanzopa tsananguro isina kujeka uye orega mutengesi wezvinhu achifungidzira, kana kuti vanosarudza kurongeka kwezvikamu zvine mutoro wakaderera nemaune uye vanotarisira kuti tsika hadzizonyatsoongorora. Nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzine njodzi. Mutongo weruzivo rwemitero (BTI) kubva kutsika dzeFrance, unogona kukumbirwa pachine nguva, unokupa kujeka kwepamutemo nezvekurongeka uye ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuwana kuti ndeipi kodhi yekushandisa kune chigadzirwa kana zvisiri pachena kuti chii.
Chikanganiso 3: Kusava neNhamba yeEORI Usati Watumirwa
Bhizinesi rega rega rinoita bhizimisi rezvemitero muEU rinofanira kuva nenhamba yeEORI (Economic Operator Registration and Identification). Nhamba yeEORI yevanopinza zvinhu muFrance inotanga ne "FR" uye inoteverwa nenhamba yeSIRET yekambani. Chiziviso chemitero chisati chaiswa, chinofanira kunyoreswa uchishandisa sevhisi yepamhepo yeSOPRANO EORI. Hazvigone kuitwa mushure mekunge zvinhu zvasvika pachiteshi.
Chikanganiso hachisi chekuti vanhu havazivi nezveEORI; ndechekuti vanofunga kuti vanogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri gare gare. Kana zvinhu zvatumirwa uye kuzivisa kwemitengo kusingagone kupedzwa nekuti munhu anotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika haana EORI, zvinhu zvacho zvinogara munzvimbo inodzorwa nemitero yemitengo uye zvinobhadhara mari yekuchengetera zvinhu panguva yekunyoresa. Kugadzirisa nhamba yeEORI usati waita odha yekutanga yekutenga ibasa remaminitsi gumi rinochengetedza nguva nemari.
Chikanganiso chechina: Kuregeredza IOSS pakutumira zvinhu muE-Commerce
Sisitimu yeImport One Stop Shop (IOSS), iyo yakatanga muna Chikunguru 2021, inobvumira vatengesi kuti vatore VAT kubva kune vatengi panguva yekubhadhara voitumira kuvakuru vemitero veEU mwedzi wega wega. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvinogona kuyambuka muganhu pasina kuunganidzwa kweVAT. Kune makambani e-commerce anotenga zvinhu kubva kuChina uye anozvitengesa kune vatengi vekuFrance mumapakeji asingasviki €150, kunyoresa kweIOSS kwakasarudzika asi kwakakosha kune bhizinesi.
Pasina IOSS, maitiro ekutumira zvinhu pakutumira kwega kwega anoshanduka kuita chiitiko chekuunganidza VAT chinokonzera matambudziko, kutadza kutumira zvinhu, uye vatengi vasingafare. Zvakatoipa ndezvekuti, Mutemo weMari we2024 muFrance unoti vatengesi vanotumira zvinhu vasina IOSS uye vane kukosha kwemitengo kwakaderera pane mutengo wekutengesa wekutengesa (izvo zvinowanzoitika nguva dzose) vanofanirwa kubhadhara VAT yekupinda neVAT yemuno pamutengo wepakati. Mari yese inokweretwa yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wekunyoresa kuIOSS. Pakupera kwa2024, mabhizinesi anopfuura 170,000 muEU akange anyoresa kuOSS/IOSS frameworks. Zvivakwa zvacho zvakasimba, uye mutengo wekusatevedzera mitemo hauna kumbokwira.
Chikanganiso 5: Kusava Nezvinodiwa Zvinoenderana Nezvinodiwa Nechigadzirwa
MuFrance, kubvumidzwa kwemitero hakungori kungobhadhara mitero nekuzadza mapepa. Iyi inzirawo yekuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvakachengeteka uye zvinosangana nezvinodiwa. Zvinhu zvekuChina zvinopinda muFrance zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zveEU. Semuenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, matoyi, michina, uye zvishandiso zvekurapa zvinofanirwa kunge zvine label yeCE; zvinhu zvemakemikari zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yeREACH; michina yemagetsi neyemagetsi zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yeRoHS; uye kune mimwe mitemo inoshanda kune mamwe masevhisi. Kuenderana kweEU hakushande otomatiki kune zvitupa zvinobva kuvagadziri vekuChina.
Kutengeserana kwemitengo kunomisa zvinhu zvisingaenderane nemitemo uye kunodzosera kune anotumira kunze kwenyika kana kuzviparadza nemutengo weanopinza zvinhu. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, vanopinza zvinhu vanogara vachiunza zvinhu zvisingaenderane nemitemo vachatariswa zvakanyanya nezvekutumira kwavo mune ramangwana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange zvinhu zvinosangana nemitemo zvichafanirwa kuongororwa kakawanda uye zvinotora nguva. Zvinodhura zvishoma kutarisa kuti zvinotevedzera mitemo here usati waisa odha kumutengesi wekuChina pane kuona nezvedambudziko riri muLe Havre.
Mari Itsva: TPC neEU Levy Iri Kuuya
Taxe petit colis muFrance, iyo inotanga kushanda musi wa1 Kurume, 2026, ndiyo shanduko huru pamutengo wekutumira zvinhu zvine mutengo wakaderera kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance kwenguva yakareba. TPC inoshanda kune chero mapakeji ekutengeserana ane mutengo uri pasi pe €150 anouya muFrance (kusanganisira matunhu ekune dzimwe nyika neMonaco) kubva kunze kweEU. Mutengo wacho i €2 pamusoro wega wega wemitero ine manhamba mana mupakeji. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pakeji ine mhando dzinopfuura imwe ichave nemari inopfuura imwe yeTPC.
Semuenzaniso, mutengi muLyon anoraira zvinhu zvinotumirwa kubva kune imwe saiti yekuChina ine maT-shirts matatu (ari muchikamu chimwe chete), bhurugwa, uye chifukidziro chefoni. TPC i€6, iyo inoumbwa nemitero mitatu yakasiyana. Wedzera 20% VAT pamutengo wezvinhu, uye mutero wemutengo we€30 wakakura zvakakwana kuita mutsauko wekuti mutengi angadai akaisa odha here kana kuti kwete dai vaiziva mutengo wese wekutumira. Vatengesi vari kutoshanda nemari shoma havakwanise kubhadhara mari iyi. Kupfuudza izvi kunoita kuti zvive pachena kuti unogona kurasikirwa nekutengesa.
EU Council yakabvumirana musi wa12 Zvita 2025, kuti mutero we€3 pachinhu chimwe nechimwe utange kushanda musi wa1 Chikunguru 2026. Izvi zvinowedzera rimwe danho. Mutengo uyu ndewechinhu chimwe nechimwe, kwete pasuru imwe neimwe, uye unofanirwa kukanganisa modhi yebhizinesi yemapuratifomu efashoni anokurumidza. Kutanga muna Mbudzi 2026, pachava neMubhadharo weUnion Handling weinenge €2 pakutumira kwega kwega. Mabhizinesi anotumira zvinhu zvakawanda zvine mutengo wakaderera kuFrance achafanirwa kuchinja mitengo yawo, kutamisa maSKU avo ane mutengo wakakwira kuenda kumatura eEU, kana kubvuma kuti modhi yekutumira zvakananga kune vatengi yezvinhu zvine mutengo wakaderera yave kudhura zvakanyanya kuishandisa.
Rondedzero Yese Yekutevedzera Mutemo: Zvaunoda Chaizvoizvo
| Gwaro / Chinodiwa | Inoshanda Kunaani | Pazvinenge Zvadiwa | Mugumisiro kana Isipo |
| Nhamba yeEORI | Vese vanopinza zvinhu zveB2B (EU nevasiri vemuEU) | Usati watanga kutengeserana kwecustoms | Kutumirwa hakugone kubvisa mitero |
| Invoice yebhizinesi (CIF) | Vese vanounza kunze kwenyika | Kutumirwa kwese kwese | Tsika hadzigone kuverenga mitero |
| Packing List | Vese vanounza kunze kwenyika | Kutumirwa kwese kwese | Kunonoka; kuongororwa kunogona kuitika |
| Kodhi yeTARIC / HS ine manhamba gumi | Vese vanounza kunze kwenyika | Kutumirwa kwese kwese | Kusarongeka zvakanaka = mwero wemutero usina kururama, kuongororwa patsva |
| Chitupa Chekutanga | Vese vanounza kunze kwenyika | Zvinodiwa pakukumbira mabasa ekusarudza | Hapana muripo wepamusoro unogoneka pazvinhu zvinobva kuChina |
| Kucherechedza CE / Kutevedzera Kutevedzera Chigadzirwa cheEU | Mapoka ezvigadzirwa akarongwa | Usati wasunungurwa pamitero yemutero | Zvinhu zvakatorwa kana kudzoserwa |
| Kunyoresa kweIOSS | Vatengesi vasiri vemuEU; B2C < €150 | Pamberi pekutumira | Mutoro weVAT mbiri; kunyoreswa kweVAT yeFrance kunodiwa |
| SAD (Imwe Yekushandisa Gwaro) | Vese vanounza kunze kwenyika | Pakuzivisa kwemitero | Haikwanise kuendesa chiziviso chemitero |
| ISPM 15 (Kurongedza Huni) | Kutumirwa kwezvinhu uchishandisa mapallet/makero emapuranga | Kutumirwa kwese kwese nehuni kurongedza | Zvinodiwa kuti munhu afurwe kana kuti zvinhu zvinodzoserwa |
Kune makambani ari kunze kweEU, chimwe chinhu pane runyorwa urwu chinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya: kuve nechokwadi chekuti kurongedza huni kunosangana nezvinodiwa zveISPM 15. Mitemo Yepasi Pose Yezviyero Zvekuchengetedza Zvipfuyo Nhamba 15 inoti pallet yega yega yehuni, crate, kana dunnage inoshandiswa mukutumira zvinhu kubva kuChina inofanira kurapwa nekupisa kana kufurwa nemhepo uye kuzivikanwa kuti ndiyo. Vakuru vezvemitero vekuFrance vanotsvaga chiratidzo ichi pamabhokisi ehuni. Kana chisipo, kutumira kunofanirwa kufurwa nemhepo nemutengo wemutengesi usati waburitswa kana kudzoserwa. Ichi chinhu chidiki chinochengetedza zvinhu zvakawanda kwenguva yakareba.
Mubvunzo weMaumbirwo: Rudzi rweKambani Ndirwo Runosarudza Chinzvimbo Chako cheVAT
Vazhinji vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika havafungi nezvekuti chimiro chemakambani ekuFrance chinokanganisa sei manejimendi yeVAT kusvika zvavatorera mari. Kubva muna Ndira 2022, mabhizinesi akanyoreswa seEURL, SARL, kana SAS anogona kunonoka kubhadhara VAT yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Mabhizinesi anotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika zvakawanda kana kazhinji achava nemari iri nani nekuti haafanire kubhadhara VAT yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika pamuganhu. Pane kudaro, vanoizivisa pakudzoka kwavo kweVAT pamwedzi.
Iyi haisi sarudzo yevanotenga zvinhu (avo vane mabhizinesi madiki). Vanofanira kubhadhara VAT pavanounza zvinhu munyika uye vasingakwanise kuzvidzosera. Kana uri muzvitenga zvinhu uye uchiuya nezvinhu zvakawanda kubva kuChina, VAT yakaipa yenzvimbo iyoyo inogona kunge yakakura kupfuura chero rusununguko rwekutonga rwunounza. Iyi ihurukuro yekukurukurirana nemuongorori wemabhuku usati watanga basa rekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kwete mushure mekunge zvinhu zvakawanda zvatumirwa uye bhizinesi rabhadhara VAT yarakanga risingatarisiri.
Zvinodiwa zvakamanikana kune makambani ari kunze kweEU anotengesa kune vatengi vekuFrance vasina sangano repamutemo rekuFrance. Kana uchitengesa zvinhu kubva kunze kweEU uye uine mutoro wekubhadhara French VAT—semuenzaniso, kana usingashandise IOSS uye kukosha kwemitengo yako kwakasiyana nemutengo wako wekutengesa—unowanzo fanirwa kuhaya mumiriri wezvemari muFrance. Iri ibhizinesi rinobvumirwa kushanda semutsigiri wemitero kwauri. Mari yavo inodhura zvishoma izvo vatengesi vari kunze kweEU vanowanzo kanganwa kuronga kusvika vachifanira kudaro.
Kutumira kweTopway Kunotsigira Sei Vatengesi Vanobva KuChina Kuenda KuFrance
Kubva mugore ra2010, Topway Shipping, iri muShenzhen, China, yave iri kambani yehunyanzvi mukupa mhinduro dzezvekufambisa zve e-commerce kuburikidza nemakambani akasiyana. Chikwata chekutanga chine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu mumabasa ekufambisa nekubvisa zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika, neruzivo rwakawanda rwakawanikwa kubva mukushanda muChina nemuUS. kutakura zvinhu zvisati zvapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi. Mabasa anosanganisira zvese zvekutakura zvinhu, kubva pakutakura zvinhu kusvika kune dzimwe nyika. warehousing, kubviswa kwemitero, uye kutumirwa kwemotokari kwapera. Vanopawo mabasa ekutakura zvinhu mugungwa eFCL neLCL kubva kuChina kuenda kumachiteshi akakosha pasi rese, akadai seLe Havre, Marseille-Fos, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekupinda muFrance.
Panyaya dzemitero, musiyano uripo pakati pevanoshanda navo vane hunyanzvi nevekutanga vekutakura zvinhu uri pachena munzira yekubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance. Kubva muna 2024, kwave nekuchinja kwemitemo, senge kunonoka kwekuverenga VAT, mitemo ye e-commerce yeFinance Act, TPC, uye mitero mitsva yeEU. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unoda mumwe wevanoshanda navo vari kutarisa mamiriro ekutevedzera mitemo kwete kungobhuka nzvimbo yekutakura zvinhu chete. Sechikamu chebasa, kwete sekufunga kwekupedzisira, timu yeTopway yekubvisa zvinhu yekutakura inotarisira kupatsanurwa kweHS, kuverenga kweCIF, kusimbiswa kweEORI, kurongeka kweIOSS, uye magwaro ekutevedzera mitemo yechigadzirwa.
Chakanakira Topway kune vanotenga zvinhu kubva kuChina vachiendesa zvinhu zvavo kuFrance ndechekuti zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kumativi ese erwendo. Inoita kuti zvinhu zvibve kuChina nemagwaro akakodzera uye zvisvike kuFrance zvakagadzirira kubhadhara zvinhu zvemutero pasina matambudziko. Vanotenga zvinhu kubva kuChina vakambomira kutumira zvinhu zvavo kuLe Havre kare nekuda kwematambudziko emagwaro vanogara vachiratidza zvikonzero zvakafanana: makodhi eHS asina kururama, zvitupa zvisipo, uye ma invoice ekutengeserana asina kukwana. Aya matambudziko anogona kudzivirirwa nekuronga zvakanaka kutumirwa kwezvinhu. Topway inoisa zvese zvinoshandiswa pakushanda kwayo mukubatanidza ikoko.
Zviri Kuuya: Kugadziriswa kweCustoms muEU uye Zvazvinoreva
Vatengesi vekuFrance vanoita zvikanganiso zvakafanana kakawanda pavanobvisa zvinhu kubva kuChina. Zvikanganiso izvi zvinosanganisira kusanzwisisa maverengero emitero zvichienderana neCIF, kusakoshesa zvinhu pamainvoice, kusanyoresa EORI kusvika zvanonoka, kuona IOSS sesarudzo, uye kusatevedzera shanduko dziri mumutemo. Hapana nzira yekudzivisa kuita chero chimwe chezvikanganiso izvi. Kazhinji, zvinoitika nekuti vanhu vakanga vasina kugadzirira kana kuti havana kuwana rubatsiro rwakakwana rwenyanzvi.
Mitemo yekupinza zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance nhasi yave yakaoma, yakanyatsotevedzwa, uye yakakosha kupfuura yayaive iri mumakore gumi apfuura. TPC yakatanga munaKurume 2026, mutero weEU unotanga munaChikunguru 2026, uye shanduko iri kuuya yesangano rezvemitero zvese zvinoreva kuti kutengeserana pakati peChina neFrance kuchashanda nenzira yakasiyana. Vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanofunga nezvekubviswa kwemitero sekufunga kwekupedzisira vachaona mari yepfungwa iyoyo ichikwira zvakanyanya. Vanhu vanoisa mari muzvikamu zvakakodzera, kuongorora kwakatendeka, kunyoresa zvakanaka, uye mubatsiri wezvekutakura zvinhu ane ruzivo vachaona kuti nzira iyi ichiri kubatsira, kunyangwe isingashiviriri zvikanganiso sezvayaive kare.
mhedziso
Zvikanganiso zvinoitwa nevanotenga zvinhu kubva kuFrance pavanobvisa zvinhu kubva kuChina hazvisi zvechinguvana - zvinoungana pamisoro yakafanana: kusanzwisisa kuverenga kwemitero kwakavakirwa paCIF, kusakoshesa zvinhu zviri mumainvoice, kuregeredza kunyoreswa kweEORI kusvika zvanonoka, kuona IOSS sesarudzo, uye kutadza kuramba uchitevera mitemo inochinja nekukurumidza. Hapana chimwe chezvikanganiso izvi chisingadzivisike. Izvi, pasina musiyano, zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirira kusina kukwana uye nhungamiro isina kukwana yehunyanzvi.
Mamiriro ekutonga zvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance ave akaoma, ari kusimbiswa zvakanyanya, uye ane kukosha kupfuura chero nguva ipi zvayo mumakore gumi apfuura. TPC yakatangwa munaKurume 2026, mutero weEU-wide levy unouya munaChikunguru 2026, uye shanduko iri kuuya yesangano rezvemitero pamwe chete zvinomiririra shanduko yemaitiro ekutengeserana pakati peChina neFrance. Vatengesi vekunze vanotora kubvumidzwa kwemitero senzira yekutonga vachawana mutengo wemaitiro iwayo uchikwira zvakanyanya. Avo vanoisa mari mukuisa muzvikamu zvakakodzera, kukoshesa kwakatendeka, kunyoresa kwakarurama, uye kubatana kwezvekutakura zvinhu vane ruzivo vachaona kuti nzira iyi ichiri kushanda zvakanaka - kungoregeredza kusaita basa sezvayaive kare.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Ndeipi VAT yakajairika inobhadharwa pazvinhu zvinopinzwa muFrance kubva kuChina?
A: Mutengo weVAT weFrance unowanzo shandiswa i20% yemutengo weCIF wezvinhu pamwe chete nemutero wemutero wemutero unogona kushanda. Mabhizinesi akanyoreswa seEURL, SARL, kana SAS anogona kushandisa accounting yakanonoka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anogona kuzivisa nekubhadhara VAT mwedzi wega wega pane kubhadhara pamuganhu. Mabhizinesi ega ega anofanirwa kubhadhara VAT yekupinza zvinhu nekukasika uye haakwanise kuidzoserwa.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi Taxe petit colis (TPC) uye chinokanganisa here zvinhu zvandinotakura?
A: TPC mutero wakaganhurirwa we€2 pamusoro wega wega wemitero ine manhamba mana unoshanda kune chero mapakeji ekutengeserana ane mutengo uri pasi pe€150 anouya muFrance achibva kunze kweEU. Izvi zvichatanga musi waKurume 1, 2026. Kana pakeji yako iine zvinhu zviri muchikamu chemitero inopfuura imwe chete, muripo unokwira pachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Musi waChikunguru 1, 2026, pachava nemutero we€3 pachinhu chimwe nechimwe chinotengeswa muEU.
Mubvunzo: Ndinoda nhamba yeEORI here kuti nditengese zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance?
A: Ehe. MuFrance, munofanira kunyoresa kuti muwane nhamba yeEORI musati maisa chiziviso chemitero. Nhamba yeEORI yemabhizinesi ekuFrance inoumbwa nemabhii ekuti FR nenhamba yeSIRET. Inofanira kunyoreswa kuburikidza neSOPRANO EORI online service. Pasina EORI chaiyo pachiziviso, zvinhu zvinotumirwa hazvigone kupfuura nemutero wemitero.
Mubvunzo: Kunyoreswa kweIOSS kunodiwa here pakutengesa zvinhu kubva kuChina kune vatengi vekuFrance?
A: IOSS haidiwi nemutemo, zvisinei inodiwa kune vatengesi vazhinji veB2C vanotumira mapakeji ane mutengo uri pasi pe€150. Kana pasina IOSS, vatengesi vachafanirwa kubhadhara VAT yekupinda neVAT yemuno pasi pemutemo weFrance we2024 Finance Act kana mutengo wecustoms wakasiyana nemutengo wekutengesa, izvo zvinoitika nguva dzose. Mutoro wese unowanzo kuve wakakwira kupfuura mitengo yekutevera IOSS.
Mubvunzo: Ndingadzivirira sei kuti zvinhu zvangu zvisachengetedzwe pamitero yeFrance?
A: Zvikonzero zvinonyanya kukonzera kuti zvinhu zvisabhadharwe mutero wemu ...
