Kutumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi Norway: Kodi Kutsatira malamulo a ISPS kumatanthauza chiyani pa katundu

 

Introduction

Kusungitsa chidebe ndikuchiyembekezera kuti chifike si chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimachitika potumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi Norway. Aliyense amene wasuntha katundu panjira imeneyi amadziwa kuti malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi amalamulira gawo lililonse la ulendowo, kuyambira nthawi yomwe chidebecho chimatsekedwa ku fakitale ku Shenzhen kapena Guangzhou mpaka nthawi yomwe chimachotsa katundu ku Port of Oslo kapena Bergen. Mwa malamulo awa, International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri, koma sizimamvetsetseka bwino, pakunyamula katundu panyanja.

Yopangidwa poyankha chitetezo cha pambuyo pa 9/11, ISPS Code idalamulidwa ndi International Maritime Organisation (IMO) pa Julayi 1, 2004 ndipo yakhudza kwambiri momwe sitima ndi malo oimikapo sitima zimathandizira kupewa ngozi. Kwa otumiza ndi kutumiza kunja m'mphepete mwa msewu wa China-Norway, kutsatira ISPS kumaphatikizapo ndalama zambiri, zofunikira pa zikalata ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito, zomwe sizinganyalanyazidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, Norway ndi gawo la EU's Import Control System 2 (ICS2) yomwe - kuyambira Juni 2024 - imagwiranso ntchito pa sitima zapamadzi.

Kutsatira malamulo a ISPS - zomwe zimafunikiradi, momwe zimakhudzira katundu wotumizidwa pakati pa madoko aku China ndi aku Norway, mtengo wake komanso momwe kugwira ntchito ndi mnzanu wodziwa bwino ntchito yogulitsa katundu kungakhalire kusiyana pakati pa kutumiza bwino katundu ndi kuchedwa kokwera mtengo.

 

Kodi Code ya ISPS ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani imagwira ntchito ku China-Norway Cargo?

Code ya ISPS ndi chowonjezera cha Chaputala XI-2 cha Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse wa Chitetezo cha Moyo pa Nyanja (SOLAS). Cholinga chake ndi kupereka njira yokhazikika yapadziko lonse yomwe imalola maboma ndi akuluakulu a madoko kuwunika ndikuyankha zoopsa zachitetezo zomwe zimayendetsedwa motsutsana ndi zombo ndi malo osungira madoko omwe amapita. Codeyi ili ndi magawo awiri. Gawo A limafotokoza malamulo ofunikira omwe makampani otumiza katundu, malo osungira madoko ndi maboma akuyenera kutsatira. Gawo B limapereka malangizo ofunikira amomwe angagwiritsire ntchito maudindo amenewo, ngakhale mayiko ambiri tsopano akuwonanso malamulo a Gawo B ngati ofunikira.

Malamulowa amagwira ntchito pa zombo zonyamula katundu zolemera matani 500 kapena kupitirira apo paulendo wapadziko lonse lapansi, pa zombo zonse zonyamula anthu mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa katundu, komanso pa malo operekera katundu omwe amatumikira zombo zimenezi. Zombo zambiri zamalonda zomwe zimagulitsa pakati pa China ndi Norway zili pamwamba kwambiri pa malire a 500 GT, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutsatira malamulo a ISPS ndi lamulo losakambirana lolowera ku doko lililonse ku Norway.

Norway si membala wa EU koma yavomereza mwalamulo ISPS Code ndikuyiyika mu malamulo ake adziko lonse a zapamadzi. Akuluakulu a madoko aku Norway amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi malangizo a IMO. Chofunika kwambiri, Norway ilinso ndi dongosolo la EU la ICS2 - kotero onyamula sitima zapamadzi omwe amafika pamadoko aku Norway ayenera kupereka Zilengezo Zokhudza Kulowa (ENS) zomwe zili ndi ma code omwewo a Harmonised System okhala ndi manambala asanu ndi limodzi komanso zofunikira za data isanafike yomwe ikugwira ntchito ku EU ndi EEA konse. Kapangidwe kameneka ka magawo awiri - ISPS kumbali yachitetezo ndi ICS2 kumbali yachitetezo cha kasitomu - zikutanthauza kuti sitima iliyonse yofika ku Norway kuchokera ku China iyenera kukonzedwa mbali zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi.

 

Mizati Itatu ya ISPS: Mapulani, Ogwira Ntchito, ndi Milingo Yachitetezo

Mapulani a Chitetezo

Makampani onse otumiza katundu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sitima yonyamula katundu yoposa matani 500, komanso malo onse oyendera madoko apadziko lonse lapansi, akuyenera kupanga, kusamalira ndikukhazikitsa njira yotetezera yolembedwa. Kumbali ya sitima iyi imatchedwa Ship Security Plan (SSP). Kumbali ya doko ndi Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP). Zikalata zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi Flag State yoyenera kapena Recognised Security Organisation (RSO). SSP iyenera kuphatikizapo mikhalidwe yachitetezo ndi njira zoyendetsera sitima iliyonse yonyamula katundu m'madoko aku China, makamaka Shanghai, Ningbo, Qingdao kapena Shenzhen, ndi madoko aku Norway komwe akupita.

Mapulani awa ndi zolemba zakale. Ayenera kufufuzidwa ndi kusinthidwa kutengera kuwunika kwa chitetezo, zochitika ndi kusintha kwa malo ogwirira ntchito. Kuwunika Chitetezo cha Sitima (SSA) ndi njira yovomerezeka yowunikira kuti izindikire zofooka pa ntchito zofunika zomwe zikuchitika m'sitima ndikupititsa patsogolo zosintha ku SSP.

Ogwira Ntchito Zachitetezo

Code ya ISPS imalongosola momveka bwino maudindo achitetezo. Pa mlingo wa kampani, Kapitawo wa Chitetezo cha Kampani (CSO) ali ndi udindo wowunika chitetezo cha sitima, kuyang'anira chitukuko cha ma SSP ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maphunziro oyenera aperekedwa. Sitima iliyonse ili ndi Kapitawo wa Chitetezo cha Sitima (SSO) yemwe ali ndi udindo wogwirizanitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa SSP tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyang'anira ntchito za ogwira ntchito pamlingo wosiyana wa chitetezo. Pa malo aliwonse osungira doko, Kapitawo wa Chitetezo cha Sitima (PFSO) amachita chimodzimodzi, kuchita Kuwunika Chitetezo cha Sitima ya ...

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mu Julayi 2025, Komiti Yaikulu ya IMO Yokhudza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida za IMO inatsimikizira kuti kutsimikizira kwa ISPS Code kungachitike patali pokhapokha ngati pazifukwa zina. Izi zikugogomezera mbali yogwira ntchito, maso ndi maso ya kutsatira malamulo a ISPS, khalidwe lomwe limakhudza mwachindunji ndalama zomwe onyamula ndi otumiza amakumana nazo pamapeto pake.

Miyezo ya Chitetezo

Khodi ya ISPS imapereka magawo atatu a chitetezo chomwe sitima ndi malo osungiramo katundu angagwiritse ntchito modziyimira pawokha kutengera chidziwitso cha ziwopsezo. Otumiza katundu ayenera kudziwa za milingo iyi chifukwa kusintha kwa mulingo wachitetezo kungafunike kuwunika kwina, zofunikira pa zikalata komanso kuchedwa.

 

Mulingo Wachitetezo	Kufotokozera	Zokhudza Ntchito
Gawo 1 - Wamba	Mikhalidwe yokhazikika yogwirira ntchito; njira zodzitetezera zosachepera zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi zonse.	Kufufuza kwachizolowezi; njira zodziwika bwino zolowera pa doko zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Gawo 2 - Kukwezedwa	Chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha ngozi yachitetezo chomwe chadziwika ndi anzeru owopseza.	Kuwunika kwina, kupeza anthu ochepa, kuyang'aniridwa kowonjezereka. Kuchedwa komwe kungachitike kwa maola 12-24.
Gawo 3 - Chiwopsezo Choyandikira	Chiwopsezo chapadera kapena chomwe chikubwera cha ngozi yachitetezo chingakhalepo.	Doko likhoza kuletsa kapena kuyimitsa ntchito. Kulowa kungaletsedwe podikira chilolezo.

 

Panjira ya China-Norway, mulingo wa chitetezo pamadoko oyambira nthawi zambiri umakhala pa Level 1. Komabe, kusintha kwakanthawi kungayambitsidwe ndi chitukuko cha ndale za dziko ndi zochitika zachitetezo cha m'madera, makamaka pamadoko aku China potsatira malamulo achitetezo chamkati, kapena pamadoko aku Norway mogwirizana ndi malangizo achitetezo cha panyanja okhudzana ndi NATO.

 

Ndalama za ISPS: Zimene Otumiza Amalipiradi

Kutsatira malamulo a ISPS kumakhudza mwachindunji phindu la katundu aliyense wotumizidwa. Ndalama zimenezi zimaperekedwa kwa wotumizayo m'njira ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pa ma invoice ndi ma quotes a katundu.

Ndalama Yolipirira Chitetezo cha Onyamula Maboti (CSF) ndi ndalama zomwe kampani yotumiza katundu imalipira posunga maboti ovomerezeka a ISPS. Izi zikuphatikizapo maphunziro a ogwira ntchito, zida zotetezera, Makina Odziwitsa Chitetezo cha Maboti (SSAS), zomangamanga za CCTV ndi udindo woyang'anira kukonza ndikusintha Mapulani a Chitetezo cha Maboti. Ndalama Yolipirira Chitetezo cha Maboti (TSC) imalipidwa payokha ndi malo osungiramo zotengera padoko lonyamulira katundu kapena kutulutsa katundu kuti ipereke ndalama zofanana pamlingo wa malo osungiramo katundu - machitidwe owongolera kulowa, kuyang'anira madera, ma scanner ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja ndi Akuluakulu Odziyimira Pawokha a Chitetezo cha Madoko.

Ndalama zonse ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimalipidwa pa chidebe chilichonse (TEU) ndipo zimaphatikizidwa mu mtengo wonse wa katundu, osati kulipidwa payekhapayekha. Otumiza katundu ayenera kutsimikizira mosamala zomwe zili ndi zomwe sizili mu mtengo womwe watchulidwa. Ndalama za ISPS nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazikika - zimayimira mtengo weniweni wotsatira malamulo ndipo si malire amalonda - koma zimawunikidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi onyamula katundu ndi akuluakulu a doko.

 

Mtundu Wokulipira	Yoperekedwa ndi	Mtundu Wamba (pa TEU)	Kulipiridwa Kwa
Ndalama Zotetezera Katundu (CSF)	Sipping Line	USD 15 - 35	Wotumiza kapena Wotumiza (pa mgwirizano uliwonse)
Ndalama Yotetezera Malo Osungira Zinthu (TSC)	Wogwiritsa Ntchito Malo Osungira Zinthu	USD 20 - 100	Wotumiza kapena Wotumiza (pa mgwirizano uliwonse)
Ndalama Yopitilira Yolembera Chidule (CSR)	Boma la Mbendera / Bungwe Logawa Magulu	USD 10 - 50 paulendo uliwonse	Wonyamula (woperekedwa mwanjira ina)
Kuwunika kwa Satifiketi Yachitetezo cha Sitima Yapadziko Lonse (ISSC)	RSO / Boma la Mbendera	Nthawi ndi nthawi pa chombo chilichonse	chonyamulira

 

Pa njira ya China-Norway, ndalama zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi ISPS pa chidebe chokhazikika cha mamita 20 nthawi zambiri zimakhala USD 35-USD 120 kutengera malo enieni, chonyamulira ndi kuchuluka kwa zoopsa zomwe zilipo. Ngakhale izi zitha kukhala zochepa chabe pa ndalama zonse zonyamula katundu panjira yayitali yakuya, ndalama zosayembekezereka komanso chisokonezo pa zomwe zikuphatikizidwa zitha kusokoneza kuwerengera ndalama zoyendera - makamaka kwa makampani ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amagwira ntchito m'mphepete mwa msewu.

 

ISPS ndi ICS2: Gawo Lotsatira Malamulo Awiri ku Norway

Kulowa kwa Norway mu EU's Import Control System 2 kumawonjezera gawo lofunika kwambiri pakutsata ISPS panjira yogulitsira iyi. Kuyambira pa 3 June 2024, pansi pa ICS2 Release 3, onyamula katundu wa panyanja omwe amatumiza katundu kupita kapena kudzera ku Norway ayenera kupereka Zilengezo Zonse za Chidule cha Entry (ENS) asanafike. Zilengezo zotere ziyenera kukhala ndi HS code ya manambala asanu ndi limodzi pa mzere uliwonse wa katundu, komanso kufotokozera kolondola komanso kokwanira kwa katundu - dongosololi sililola 'mawu oletsa' monga 'zosiyanasiyana' kapena 'zigawo'.

ISPS ikunena za chitetezo cha thupi ndi antchito, ndipo ICS2 ikunena za chitetezo cha unyolo woperekera katundu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sitima yopita ku Bergen kapena Oslo kuchokera ku Shanghai iyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi yovomerezeka ya ISPS komanso kuti yadutsa deta yovomerezeka ya ENS. Zolakwika zomwe zaperekedwa mu ENS zimapanga zizindikiro zolakwika zokha kuchokera ku dongosolo la ICS2, zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa ndikutumizidwanso, zomwe zingalepheretse kutumiza katundu ngati sizinakonzedwe bwino pasadakhale.

Zotsatira zake kwa ogulitsa katundu ochokera ku China ndi anzawo onyamula katundu ndikuti kukonzekera zikalata kuyenera kuyamba msanga kuposa momwe zinalili kale. Pofika mu Seputembala 2025, dongosolo la ICS2 linakulitsidwa kuti liphatikizepo zonyamula katundu za pamsewu ndi sitima zomwe zimapatsa unyolo wopereka katundu wa panyanja, zomwe zinawonjezera zovuta zambiri zotumizira katundu wambiri kuphatikiza katundu wa panyanja ndi katundu wamkati.

 

Momwe Kutsatira Malamulo a ISPS Kumakhudzira Ntchito Zanu Zonyamula Katundu

Asananyamuke: Kulemba Zolemba ndi Kuchotsa Madoko

Pansi pa dongosolo la ISPS, sitimayo iyenera kukhala ndi Satifiketi Yovomerezeka ya Chitetezo cha Sitima Yapadziko Lonse (ISSC) m'sitimayo isananyamuke ku doko la ku China lopita ku Norway. ISSC ndi chikalata chotsimikizira kuti sitimayo yawunikidwa ndipo yapezeka kuti ikutsatira ISPS Code. Imagwira ntchito kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi kuwunika kwapakati. Ku China, akuluakulu a doko adzayang'ana momwe ISSC ilili ngati gawo la chilolezo chonyamuka asananyamuke ndipo sitima iliyonse yopanda satifiketi yomwe ilipo ingaletsedwe chilolezo.

Wotumiza katundu kapena wotumiza katundu ayenera kuonetsetsa nthawi yomweyo kuti tsatanetsatane wofunikira pa kutumiza kwa ICS2 ENS ulipo mu zikalata zonyamula katundu - ma invoice amalonda, mndandanda wolongedza katundu, ndi ma bill of landing. Tsatanetsatane wosamveka bwino udzawonetsedwa ndipo kusintha kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri pakati pa wotumiza katundu ku China ndi gulu lopereka katundu ku Europe.

Pa Nthawi Yoyendera: Kuwunika Chitetezo ndi Kusintha kwa Ma Level

Sitima ziyenera kusunga njira zachitetezo zomwe zafotokozedwa mu SSP yawo zikakhala panyanja. Ogwira ntchito amaphunzitsidwa ndikuphunzitsidwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachitetezo ndipo Sitima Yochenjeza Zachitetezo iyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Ngati sitimayo idutsa m'malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha chitetezo cha panyanja, monga omwe ali mu Nyanja ya Indian, kampani yotumiza sitimayo ikhoza kuyika chindapusa cha zoopsa za nkhondo zosiyana ndi mitengo ya ISPS, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama za inshuwaransi m'malo amenewo.

Kufika kwa Doko ku Norway: Kuyang'anira ndi Kulamulira Boma la Doko

Sitimayo ikafika pa doko la ku Norway, iyenera kufufuzidwa ndi Port State Control (PSC). Akuluakulu a PSC amawunikanso kuti ISSC ndi yolondola, amaonetsetsa kuti zolemba zachitetezo ndi zatsopano, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti SSP ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Zolakwika zowunikira PSC zitha kuchititsa kuti sitimayo isachoke pa doko mpaka zolakwika zitakonzedwa. Ngakhale palibe kutsekeredwa komwe kukuchitika, kuyang'aniridwa kwa PSC komwe kuli ndi zolakwika kumapangitsa kuti mbiri ya sitimayo iwonongeke ndi akuluakulu a doko mtsogolo.

Akuluakulu a doko ku Norway amaona PSC kukhala yofunika kwambiri. Kulephera kukwaniritsa zofooka za ISPS kungapangitse kuti pakhale kufufuza kwakukulu pa mafoni otsatira, kotero kutsatira malamulo sikofunikira kokha pa malamulo komanso ndikofunikira pazamalonda.

 

Chidule cha Njira Yotumizira Magalimoto ku China-Norway

Kumvetsetsa malo oyendetsera zinthu m'njira yogulitsira iyi kumapereka chidziwitso chokwanira pazovuta zotsatizana ndi malamulo. Palibe kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa sabata iliyonse pakati pa madoko aku China ndi aku Norway. Katundu nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa kudzera m'malo akuluakulu otumizira katundu ku Europe monga Hamburg, Rotterdam kapena Bremerhaven, kapena kudzera m'njira zomwe zimadutsa mu Suez Canal ndi North Sea. Nthawi zoyendera zimasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi njira zoyendera ndi njira zotumizira katundu.

 

Njira Yanjira	Nthawi Yake Yoyenda	Madoko Ofunika Kwambiri	Satifiketi ya ISPS Ikufunika Pa
Molunjika kudzera ku Suez / North Sea	Masiku 28 - 35	Shanghai / Ningbo → Oslo / Bergen	Doko lochokera ku China + doko lopita ku Norway
Kudzera pa Hamburg Feeder	Masiku 35 - 42	Shanghai → Hamburg → Oslo	Doko la ku China + Hamburg + Oslo (chombo chodyetsera chakudya chovomerezeka padera)
Kudzera pa Rotterdam Feeder	Masiku 33 - 40	Ningbo → Rotterdam → Bergen	Doko la ku China + Rotterdam + Bergen (chombo chodyetsera chakudya chovomerezeka payokha)
Kudzera pa Bremerhaven Feeder	Masiku 34 - 41	Qingdao → Bremerhaven → Oslo	Port Chinese + Bremerhaven + Oslo

 

Mu netiweki yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, sitima iliyonse, kuphatikizapo sitima zotumizira katundu zomwe zimapita ku madoko aku Norway kuchokera ku malo akuluakulu aku Europe, zimafuna satifiketi yake ya ISPS. Izi zikutanthauza kuti katundu wotsatira malamulo amawonjezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo kulumikizana kulikonse kofooka mu unyolo kungayambitse kuchedwa komwe kumafika kumapeto kwa dziko la Norway.

 

Zosintha za 2025: Chitetezo cha pa Intaneti ndi Kutsatira Malamulo a Digito

Iyi si malo okhazikika otsatira malamulo a ISPS. Mu 2025, bungwe la IMO linabwerezanso malangizo olimbikitsa makampani apamadzi kuti aphatikizepo kasamalidwe ka zoopsa za pa intaneti mkati mwa machitidwe awo a Safety Management Systems, lamulo lomwe linavomerezedwa koyamba mu 2021 ndipo tsopano likutsatira satifiketi ya PSC. Madoko aku Norway ndi madoko ena ku EU akuwonjezera kuwunika, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuwunika kochulukirapo pa njira zolembetsera chitetezo cha pa intaneti, ndipo makampani a inshuwaransi yapamadzi akufuna kutsimikizira mapulani achitetezo cha pa intaneti asanasainire chilolezo chawo.

Pa njira yamalonda ya China-Norway, izi zikukhudza chifukwa kufooka kwa intaneti m'machitidwe ogwirira ntchito m'madoko, nsanja zowunikira katundu ndi mapulogalamu oyang'anira zombo ndi nkhani zenizeni zachitetezo zomwe zili mu mzimu - ndipo makamaka zilembo - za kutsatira malamulo a ISPS. Mu 2025, mabizinesi otumiza katundu omwe akugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi adzayembekezeredwa kukhazikitsa njira zodziwira, kupereka malipoti ndikuyankha mavuto a pa intaneti kuwonjezera pa mapulani awo achitetezo chakuthupi.

Kumbali ina, ukadaulo ukuthandizanso kuti kutsatira malamulo kukhale kogwira mtima kwambiri. Madoko aku Singapore achepetsa zoopsa za kuphwanya chitetezo ndi 40% mu 2025 pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwa ISPS komwe kumagwirizana ndi AI, ndipo madoko otsogola ochokera ku China akugwiritsanso ntchito njira zofanana za digito. Kwa otumiza, izi zikutanthauza kuti kufufuza mwachangu kutsatira malamulo pachipata cha doko, ndipo pamapeto pake, mapepala ochepa - ngakhale kuti zofunikira zoyambira zikalata zimakhalabe zolimba monga kale.

 

Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kutsatira ISPS kwa China-Norway Cargo

Kwa makampani otumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi Norway, kugwira ntchito ndi kampani yopereka chithandizo cha zinthu yomwe imamvetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe njira yogulitsirayi imagwirira ntchito si nkhani yaulere. Ndi chisankho chowongolera zoopsa.

Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha malonda apaintaneti kuyambira mu 2010. Gulu loyambitsa kampaniyo lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yokonza zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja. Gululi lili ndi ukadaulo wozama mu unyolo wonse wazinthu: mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku fakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu, kunja kwa dziko. kuwuza, kuchotsera katundu wa katundu wa pa kasitomu, kutumiza katundu womaliza kwa makasitomala. Kuphatikiza apo, Topway imapereka ntchito zosinthira zonyamula katundu wathunthu (FCL) komanso ntchito zonyamula katundu wa panyanja zochepa kuposa zomwe zimanyamula katundu (LCL) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza zipata za ku Norway.

Kufunika kwa Topway Shipping pakutsata ISPS mu njira ya China-Norway kukuwonetsedwa m'magawo otsatirawa. Choyamba, chidziwitso cha gulu la satifiketi ya ISPS yonyamula katundu chimatanthauza kuti makasitomala adzangotumizidwa ku zombo zokhala ndi Zikalata Zachitetezo cha Zombo Zapadziko Lonse zomwe zilipo, zomwe sizikusowa - zomwe zimachotsa mwayi wopezeka m'chombo chomwe chikuyang'aniridwa ku Norway motsogozedwa ndi Port State Control. Chachiwiri, ukatswiri wa Topway wochotsa katundu m'zombo zapakhomo umatsimikizira kuti Zilengezo za Chidule cha ICS2 Entry zalembedwa ndi tsatanetsatane womwe tsopano ukufunika kuti zilowe m'doko la Norway, ndi ma code oyenera a HS a manambala asanu ndi limodzi ndi mafotokozedwe otsatirawa a katundu omwe aperekedwa nthawi yayitali sitima isanafike.

Chachitatu, Topway imalongosola momveka bwino za ndalama zowonjezera za ISPS pa kutumiza katundu wa LCL (kutumiza katundu wophatikizana kuchokera kwa otumiza angapo) kuti kasitomala aliyense adziwe bwino ndalama zachitetezo zomwe amalipiritsa pa gawo lawo la kutumiza. Kudziwa mtengo wamtunduwu ndikofunikira kwambiri, makamaka kwa makampani ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amatumiza katundu wochepa, omwe amafunika kukhala ndi ziwerengero zolondola za mtengo wofikira.

Mukatumiza zamagetsi kuchokera ku Shenzhen, zida zochokera ku Qingdao, kapena zinthu zamafakitale kuchokera ku Shanghai, Topway Shipping imapereka kasamalidwe ka zinthu kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto komwe kumakhudza kutsatira malamulo ngati ntchito yayikulu yabizinesi, osati kuganizira zamtsogolo. Chidziwitso cha kampaniyo ndi FCL, LCL ndi makonzedwe amitundu yambiri chimaiyika pamalo abwino othana ndi zovuta za malamulo makamaka pakati pa China ndi Norway.

 

Zolakwika Zodziwika Bwino Zokhudza Kutsata Malamulo a ISPS pa Njira ya China-Norway

Popeza kuti njira yogwirira ntchito imeneyi ndi yeniyeni, ndalama zambiri zowonjezera komanso kuchedwa komwe otumiza katundu amakumana nako ndi ISPS kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zingapo zofala.

Cholakwika chachikulu ndi kuganiza kuti ISPS ndi nkhawa ya wonyamula katundu yekha. N'zoona kuti anthu ogwira ntchito zotumiza katundu ndi ogwira ntchito zotumizira katundu ali ndi udindo wopeza ndi kusunga ziphaso zawo, koma anthu otumiza katundu amachita nawo mbali potsatira malamulo kudzera mu ubwino ndi kukwanira kwa zikalata zawo zonyamula katundu. Kufotokozera kulikonse kosadziwika bwino kapena kolakwika kwa katundu, makamaka pambuyo pa ICS2, kungayambitse kuti sitima yonse ichotsedwe, zomwe zimachedwetsa kutuluka kwa sitimayo.

Vuto lachiwiri lofala ndilakuti kutsata malamulo a sitima yotumizira katundu sikuganiziridwa poyendetsa sitimayo. Sitima ina yomwe ikufunika satifiketi yake ya ISPS ndi sitima yotumizira katundu yomwe imalumikiza malo olumikizira sitimayo ku doko la Norway, ngati katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku Norway atumizidwa ku Hamburg kapena Rotterdam. Otumiza katundu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi makampani otumiza katundu omwe sanayang'ane momwe sitimayo ikutsatirira malamulo a sitimayo angakumane ndi kuchedwa kwa mphindi yomaliza ku sitima ya ku Europe.

Pomaliza, anthu ambiri otumiza sitima sazindikira kufunika kwa nthawi yodziwitsa anthu asanafike. Kutumiza sitimayo ku ICS2 ENS kuyenera kumalizidwa sitimayo isanafike ku EU kapena ku Norway. Kuchedwetsa izi mpaka mphindi yomaliza - makamaka pamene pali magulu angapo omwe akuchita nawo ntchito yotumiza sitimayo - kumapangitsa kuti sitimayo ione ngati pali zolakwika zotsimikizira makina komanso kufunika kosintha zinthu mwachangu.

 

Kutsiliza

Mwachitsanzo, tengerani njira yotumizira katundu pakati pa China ndi Norway: iyenera kutsatira ISPS, yomwe ndi ntchito yosiyana siyana yokhala ndi satifiketi ya sitima, maphunziro a ogwira ntchito, zomangamanga zachitetezo, kulondola kwa zikalata komanso miyezo yachitetezo cha pa intaneti. Zotsatira zake kwa otumiza ndi zenizeni. Ndalama zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi ISPS zimawonjezera ndalama zotumizira katundu; zofunikira pa zikalata zawonjezeka motsatira ICS2 ndipo kulephera kulikonse mu unyolo wotsatira malamulo - wonyamula katundu, malo ofikira katundu kapena gulu la zikalata la wotumiza katundu - kungayambitse kuchedwa kwakukulu pamadoko aku Norway.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito yokonza zinthu amamvetsetsa bwino kutsatira malamulo a ISPS ndipo zofunikira zake n'zotheka ndi kukonzekera koyenera komanso ogwirizana nawo oyenera. Dongosolo la ICS2 likusintha kuti lipange makina odziyimira pawokha komanso kutsimikizira kwa digito, zomwe pamapeto pake ziyenera kuchepetsa mkangano kwa otumiza okonzekera bwino, ngakhale kuti ndi zovuta kwambiri. Tsopano popeza chitetezo cha pa intaneti chili mkati mwa malire otsatira malamulo a ISPS, ogwirizana ndi katundu watsopano akupanga kale kuyang'anira zoopsa za digito kukhala gawo la njira zawo zogwirira ntchito nthawi zonse.

Njira yotsimikizika kwambiri kwa makampani omwe amatumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi Norway kuti atsimikizire kuti katunduyo akuyenda bwino, motsatira malamulo komanso mopanda mtengo ndi kugwira ntchito ndi mnzawo wogula katundu ndipo mnzawoyo amamvetsetsa bwino malamulo - omwe amaona kuti kutsatira malamulo ndi nkhani yeniyeni - osati bokosi loti atsatire - koma njira yogwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kwa chidziwitso, kuwonekera poyera komanso kuthekera kopereka chithandizo ndi zomwe otumiza katundu amafunikira panjirayi kuti apikisane bwino pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi.

 

Ibibazo

Q: Kodi kutsatira malamulo a ISPS kumakhudza katundu yense wotumizidwa kuchokera ku China kupita ku Norway?

A: Inde. ISPS imagwira ntchito pa katundu aliyense woyenda m'mabwato amalonda opitirira matani 500 mu malonda apadziko lonse lapansi. ISPS imagwira ntchito pamalonda onsewa chifukwa zombo zonse kupatulapo zochepa zomwe zimanyamula katundu wa panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku Norway zili pamwamba pa mulingo uwu.

 

Q: Ndani amalipira ndalama zowonjezera za ISPS - wotumiza kapena wotumiza katundu?

A: Zimatengera mgwirizano wa katundu ndi incoterms. CIF kapena CFR: Ndalama zotumizira katundu (kuphatikizapo ndalama za ISPS) nthawi zambiri zimalipidwa ndi wotumiza. Pa kutumiza kwa FOB, ndalama zochokera padoko lonyamulira katundu (kuphatikizapo ndalama za ISPS ku terminal yaku Norway) nthawi zambiri zimakhala pa akaunti ya wotumiza katunduyo. Nthawi zonse yang'anani zomwe mtengo wa katundu wanu umaphatikizapo.

 

Q: Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati sitima yapamadzi ifika ku Norway popanda satifiketi yovomerezeka ya ISPS?

Yankho: Sitima yopanda Satifiketi Yachitetezo cha Sitima Yapadziko Lonse ikhoza kuletsedwa kulowa padoko kapena kusungidwa ikafika. Ku Norway, kutsimikizika kwa ISSC kumawunikidwa nthawi zonse ndi mkulu wa Port State Control panthawi yowunikira. Ngati sitimayo yasungidwa chifukwa cha kusatsatira malamulo a ISPS, singathe kuyenda mpaka zolakwikazo zitakonzedwa, zomwe zingayambitse kuchedwa ndi kutayika kwa ndalama kwa eni katundu onse omwe ali m'sitimayo.

 

Q: Kodi ICS2 ikugwirizana bwanji ndi ISPS pa njira ya ku Norway?

A: ISPS imaphimba chitetezo cha pa sitima ndi m'malo opezeka madoko. Norway ndi gawo la dongosolo la EU lodziwitsa za katundu wonyamula katundu lomwe limadziwika kuti ICS2 komwe deta yokhudza katundu wonyamula katundu (Entry Summary Declarations) iyenera kutumizidwa sitima zisanalowe m'dera la kasitomu ku Norway, mwachitsanzo zisanafike. Ndi njira zodziyimira pawokha koma zonse ziwiri zimagwira ntchito pa katundu wa panyanja wa China-Norway ndipo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi imodzi.

 

Q: Kodi kutumiza kwa LCL kungakhudzidwe ndi kuchedwa kokhudzana ndi ISPS?

A: Inde. Mu katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe, katundu yense mu chidebe chimodzi amakhala ndi chitetezo chofanana ndi cha sitimayo komanso malo osungiramo katundu. Ngati pali vuto la kutsata malamulo ndi chombocho kapena malo osungira katundu, katundu yense wa LCL mu chidebecho akhoza kukhudzidwa popanda zikalata za wotumizayo. Chiwopsezochi chingachepetsedwe pogwira ntchito ndi wotumiza katundu yemwe amafufuza bwino zonyamulira ndi malo osungira katundu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza zotumiza za LCL.