Kutumiza Sitima ku China ndi Spain: Masiku 18 a Yiwu kupita ku Madrid, Kodi Ndikoyenera?
Introduction
Sitima yonyamula katundu inachoka ku Yiwu, m'chigawo cha Zhejiang, mu Novembala 2014. Inayenda mwakachetechete m'maiko asanu ndi atatu komanso makilomita opitilira 13,000 asanakafike ku Madrid patatha masiku 21. Unali chiyambi cha njira yayitali kwambiri yonyamula katundu padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri sanasamale panthawiyo. Njira yomweyo yakula kukhala imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zamalonda pakati pa China ndi Europe patatha zaka khumi.
Pofika chaka cha 2024, sitima zonyamula katundu za Yiwu-China-Europe zinali kutuluka maulendo opitilira 1,100 pachaka, kuchokera pa maulendo 23 pachaka m'chaka chawo choyamba. Zinkanyamula katundu wamtengo wapatali wa $2.62 biliyoni pachaka pamitundu pafupifupi 50,000 yazinthu. Gawo la Yiwu-Madrid lokha layenda maulendo 1,800 obwerera, kusuntha makontena 145,500 amtengo wapatali woposa $8 biliyoni. Nthawi yoyendera yatsikanso kuchokera pa masiku 21 oyambirira kufika pa masiku 18-20 opikisana kwambiri okhala ndi nthawi zabwino.
Ngati ndinu wotumiza kapena wogulitsa kunja amene akudzifunsa ngati njira iyi ndi yothandiza pa bizinesi mu 2025 ndi kupitirira apo, yankho ndi lakuti: imasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yosiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za njira, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mapepala ofunikira, kusinthana kwa zinthu zenizeni, komanso momwe otumiza katundu odziwa bwino ntchito monga Topway Shipping angakuthandizireni kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri.
Njira: Makilomita 13,000 Kudutsa Mayiko Asanu ndi Atatu
Sitima yapamtunda ya Yiwu-Madrid, yomwe imadziwika kuti sitima yonyamula katundu ya Yixin'ou China-Europe, imayambira pa Yiwu West Railway Station ku Zhejiang Province, komwe kuli msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wa katundu. Pambuyo pake, sitimayo imapita kumadzulo kudzera m'malire a Xinjiang a Alashankou kupita ku Kazakhstan. Kenako imadutsa ku Russia ndi Belarus isanalowe ku Poland ndi netiweki ya sitima yapamtunda ya ku Europe. Imadutsa ku Germany ndi France isanatsike ku Spain ndipo imathera pa terminal ya Abroñigal ku Madrid.
Kuvuta kwa kusintha kwa geji ndiko kupangitsa njira iyi kukhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo kumasiyanitsa akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito ndi omwe sadziwa zambiri. Njira yodziwika bwino yoyezera (1,435 mm) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China, Poland, ndi Western Europe. Kazakhstan, Russia, ndi Belarus onse amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera ya ku Russia (1,520 mm). Spain imagwiritsanso ntchito njira yake ya Iberian gauge, yomwe ndi 1,668 mm. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makontena ayenera kuzimitsidwa kapena kusamutsidwa osachepera kawiri paulendo: kamodzi akalowa ku Central Asia ndi kamodzi akalowa ku Spain. Njirazi zimatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo zimafunika kukonzedwa mwapadera kumalo oimika magalimoto.
Sitima zimachoka ku Yiwu pa nthawi yake, nthawi zambiri Lolemba, Lachinayi, ndi Lachisanu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonzekera pasadakhale kuposa ndi katundu wapanyanja, zomwe sizingadaliridwe nthawi zonse, makamaka pamene madoko ali otanganidwa. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa njira pa dziko lililonse, pamodzi ndi malo ofufuzira akuluakulu ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo pa gawo lililonse.
| Dziko / Dera | Mphepete mwa Kiyi / Malo Olumikizirana | Vuto Lofunika | zolemba |
| China | Yiwu / Alashankou | Kutumiza katundu chilolezo | Standard gauge; maulendo okhazikika Lolemba/Lachinayi/Lachisanu |
| Kazakhstan | Dostyk / Altynkol | Kusintha kwa geji (muyezo kukhala Chirasha) | Kusinthana kwa Bogie pa malo oimikapo magalimoto |
| Russia / Belarus | Brest (malire a Poland) | Kusintha kwa geji kubwerera ku muyezo | Kuwunika kwa misonkho ya mayendedwe kumagwira ntchito |
| Poland / Germany / France | Malaszewicze / Frankfurt | Zolemba zolowera ku EU (ICS2) | ENS iyenera kuperekedwa maola 24 musanayike |
| Spain | Madrid Abroñigal | Kusintha kwa gauge ya Iberian pamalire | Kuchotsera ndi kugawa komaliza kwa misonkho |
Nthawi Yoyendera ndi Mtengo: Momwe Sitima Imakhalira
Nkhawa yaikulu ya wotumiza aliyense ndi yosavuta: Kodi izi zidzawononga ndalama zingati ndipo zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Katundu wa sitima ali pakati pa nyanja ndi katundu wonyamuliraNdi yachangu kuposa katundu wa panyanja, yotsika mtengo kuposa katundu wa pandege, ndipo ikukhala yopikisana kwambiri m'mbali zonse ziwiri pamene khonde likukula.
Nthawi zonse, zimatenga masiku 18 mpaka 21 kuti katundu afike kuchokera ku Yiwu kupita ku Madrid. Komabe, izi zingatenge masiku 22 ngati kasitomu akuyang'anira kuti zinthu ziyende pang'onopang'ono pamalire a Brest kapena Malaszewicze. Izi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri kuposa kutumiza ndi madzi kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China kupita ku Valencia kapena Barcelona, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatenga masiku 30 mpaka 40 kuchokera kudoko lina kupita lina, kapena kutumiza ndi ndege, komwe kumatenga masiku atatu mpaka 7 ndipo kumawononga ndalama zambiri.
Katundu wa sitima kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe nthawi zambiri amawononga pakati pa $3,500 ndi $7,200 pa katundu wonse wa chidebe (FCL). Mu 2025, gawo la Yiwu-Madrid lidzawononga pakati pa $4,000 ndi $6,500 pa chidebe chilichonse cha mamita 20. Bokosi lomweli limawononga $1,500 mpaka $2,800 potumiza panyanja. Mtengo wake ndi waukulu, koma pazinthu zomwe ndalama zonyamulira, kufunikira kwa bizinesi, kapena zosowa zake nthawi yomweyo zimapangitsa kuti masiku ena 15-20 akhale okwera mtengo kwambiri, sitima ikhoza kukhala yankho labwino kwambiri.
| Njira Yotumiza | Nthawi Yoyenda | Mtengo woyerekeza (20ft FCL) | Zabwino Kwambiri |
| Maulendo Anyanja | Masiku 30-40 | $ 1,500- $ 2,800 | Zinthu zambiri, zosafunikira |
| Katundu wa Sitima (Yiwu–Madrid) | Masiku 18-21 | $ 4,000- $ 6,500 | Katundu wapakatikati, wotengera nthawi |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 3-7 | $ 8- $ 15 pa kg | Katundu wachangu kapena wamtengo wapatali |
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe otumiza katundu nthawi zonse samaganizira za kukhazikika kwa mitengo. Mitengo ya katundu wa panyanja imadziwika kuti ndi yosakhazikika. Imatha kukwera kwambiri nthawi ya kusokonekera kwa Nyanja Yofiira, kuchulukana kwa anthu m'madoko, komanso kukwera kwa nyengo. Mitengo ya katundu wa sitima nthawi zambiri imakhalabe yofanana chaka chonse. Izi zimathandiza otumiza katundu kunja kukonzekera bwino bajeti yawo ndikuchepetsa mwayi woti mitengo ikwere mosayembekezereka panthawi yotumiza katundu yomwe yakonzedwa.
Zimene Mungathe Kuyenda Ndi Sitima
Katundu wa sitima pa msewu wa Yiwu–Madrid amagwira ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma si njira yabwino kwambiri pa chilichonse. Zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa m'mabokosi olamulidwa ndi kutentha ndi monga zamagetsi ndi zida zina, zida zamagalimoto, nsalu, zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku, makina, ndi mankhwala. Zinthuzi zimakhala ndi zofanana zambiri: ndizofunika ndalama zambiri pa mita imodzi, sizofunika kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kutumizidwa m'mabokosi wamba.
Mwachidule, zinthu zotha kuwonongeka zimatha kutumizidwa m'mabotolo a reefer, koma njira zazitali zowolokera malire zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kolimba komanso kosadalirika kuposa njira zozizira kapena zapamadzi. Katundu wolemera wotsika kwambiri nthawi zambiri samapangitsa kuti ndalama zowonjezera zotumizira ndi sitima zikhale zoyenera. Katundu woopsa ali ndi malamulo enieni okhudza momwe angatumizidwire, ndipo chilichonse chiyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi wonyamula katundu. Gome ili pansipa ndi lothandiza podziwa ngati katunduyo ndi woyenera.
| Yoyenera Sitima Yapamtunda | Kuyenerera kwa M'mphepete | Osati Ovomerezeka |
| Zamagetsi & zigawo | Makina opangira mafakitale | Zowonongeka (zopanda reefer) |
| Mbali zamagalimoto | Katundu wokulirapo | Katundu amafunika kutumizidwa pasanathe masiku 10 |
| Zovala ndi zovala | Zinthu zambiri | Mtengo wotsika kwambiri (mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kwambiri) |
| Katundu wogula / zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku | Maphukusi ang'onoang'ono a LCL | Katundu woletsedwa wa HAZMAT |
| Mankhwala (zidebe zotenthetsera kutentha) | Mipando ndi zinthu zazikulu zapakhomo | Katundu wofunikira kuyendetsedwa ndi mpweya wolumikizidwa |
Mungathenso kupeza mautumiki a LCL (Loss-than-Container-Load) panjira iyi. Otumiza katundu amaphatikiza katundu kuchokera kwa otumiza angapo kukhala chidebe chimodzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti katundu wa sitima apezeke kwa ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono popanda mtengo wa bokosi lonse. Nthawi yoyendera ya LCL ingakhale yayitali pang'ono chifukwa chophatikizana ndi kusagwirizana pamalo oyambira ndi komwe akupita, koma ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi zambiri zimakwaniritsa izi.
Miyambo ndi Zikalata: Tsatanetsatane Womwe Umatsimikizira Kuthamanga
Kulemba mapepala ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe katundu wa sitima amachedwera, osati kusintha kwa gauge kapena nthawi ya sitima. Njira ya Yiwu-Madrid imadutsa m'malo oposa amodzi a kasitomu, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi malamulo omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa sitima isananyamuke.
Chikalata cha 3 cha EU chokhudza Import Control System 2 (ICS2) Release 3 chakhala chikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2024. Chimafuna kuti chilengezo cha Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) chiperekedwe pa intaneti osachepera maola 24 musanakweze katundu. Izi ndi zoona pa sitima zomwe zikubwera ku EU. Dongosololi likufunika manambala athunthu a HS okhala ndi manambala 6 pa chinthu chilichonse, osati kuyerekezera kwa manambala 4 komwe ogulitsa ambiri aku China amapereka mwachisawawa. Khodi yolakwika kapena yosowa ya HS ingasunge katunduyo kumalire a dziko la Poland kwa masiku ambiri.
Mu 2025, njira yosinthira malire a mpweya wa Carbon Border (CBAM) ya EU inakhalanso yokhazikika. Ogulitsa zitsulo, aluminiyamu, simenti, feteleza, magetsi, ndi haidrojeni ochokera ku EU omwe amaphimbidwa ndi CBAM ayenera kulembetsa ngati zolengeza za CBAM zovomerezeka ndikutumiza zikalata zapachaka zokhala ndi deta yotsimikizika ya utsi woipa. Zinthu zambiri zomwe ogula amanyamula kuchokera ku Yiwu pakadali pano siziphimbidwa, koma mabizinesi omwe amatumiza zinthu zilizonse zamafakitale ku Spain ayenera kuyang'ana ngati akutsatira malamulo asanatumize.
| Ndemanga | Chofunika Kwambiri |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Iyenera kufanana ndi mndandanda wa zonyamula; mtengo wolengezedwa mu USD kapena EUR |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Kulemera kwatsatanetsatane, miyeso, ndi ma HS code pa chinthu chilichonse |
| Chikalata Chokwerera Njanji (CIM) | Yoperekedwa ndi wonyamula sitima; imagwira ntchito ngati chikalata choyimira katundu |
| Satifiketi Yoyambira | Zofunikira pa nkhani za msonkho wa EU |
| Chilengezo cha Chidule cha Kulowa mu EU ICS2 (ENS) | Iyenera kuperekedwa maola 24 musanayike; ma HS code onse okhala ndi manambala 6 ndi ofunikira. |
| Nambala ya EORI (Wotumiza ku EU) | Kulembetsa kwa Ogwira Ntchito Zachuma ku EU; ndikofunikira kuti msonkho wa msonkho uperekedwe ku Spain |
Kuwonjezera pa malamulo omwe amagwira ntchito ku EU kokha, katundu ayenera kulengezedwa bwino akamadutsa ku Kazakhstan, Russia, ndi Belarus. Kampani yonyamula sitima ndi othandizira ake nthawi zambiri imayang'anira njira zoyendera zakunja pazigawo izi. Komabe, zolakwika pa invoice yamalonda kapena mndandanda wolongedza katundu zingayambitse kuchedwa pa malo aliwonse otsikira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kunena molondola kuyambira pachiyambi cha njira yotumizira katundu kusiyana ndi kukonza zolakwika panjira.
Zinthu Zofunika Kuziganizira: Zimene Otumiza Nthawi Zambiri Amalakwitsa
Mukayang'ana tebulo loyerekeza, njira ya Yiwu-Madrid imawoneka bwino. Zochitika zogwira ntchito zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo anthu omwe akugwiritsa ntchito koyamba nthawi zambiri samaganizira za zinthu zonse.
Kusungitsa Nthawi Yotsogolera
Ulendo wa sitima wakonzedwa, ndipo malo osungiramo zinthu amadzaza mwachangu, makamaka pa Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China, Sabata la Golden, komanso nthawi yotanganidwa kwambiri pachaka yotumizira katundu ku Europe. Otumiza katundu omwe akhala akuchita izi kwa nthawi yayitali amasungitsa osachepera milungu iwiri pasadakhale. Nthawi yotanganidwa, milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi ndi yabwino. Ngati mwaphonya ulendo, mungafunike kudikira sabata imodzi kuti ulendo wina uchitike, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri nthawi yotumizira katundu.
Mitengo Yochokera Pakhomo Kupita Pakhomo Mosiyana ndi Mitengo Yochokera Pamalo Olowera Kupita Pamalo Olowera
Nthawi zambiri, katundu wa sitima amagulitsidwa kuchokera pa siteshoni ina kupita ku ina. Pali magalimoto ena owonjezera omwe amawonjezera nthawi komanso ndalama zogulira katundu kuchokera kwa wopanga Yiwu kupita ku siteshoni yonyamukira, kenako kuchokera ku siteshoni ya Abroñigal ku Madrid kupita ku malo omaliza ku Spain kapena kwina ku Europe. Poyerekeza mitengo ya bizinesi, mtengo wokwanira wa wotumiza katundu khomo ndi khomo nthawi zambiri umakhala wothandiza kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa sitima yayikulu.
Chiwopsezo cha Njira Zoyendetsera Dziko
Utumiki waukulu wa Yiwu–Madrid umadutsa ku Kazakhstan pa Central Corridor, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sudutsa ku Russia nthawi zambiri. Komabe, otumiza katundu ayenera kufunsa wotumiza katundu wawo kuti atsimikizire kuti akudziwa bwino njira yeniyeni komanso choti achite ngati njirayo yatsekedwa. Utumiki wina umadutsa ku Russia kapena ku Belarus, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa momwe analili musanafike chaka cha 2022.
Kutsata ndi Kuwoneka
Sitima zamakono zonyamula katundu pakati pa China ndi Europe zimakhala ndi GPS tracking ndi digital border check updates, zomwe zimathandiza otumiza kuti aone komwe katundu wawo ali nthawi yeniyeni. Koma ubwino wa deta yotsata katundu umasiyana kuchokera kwa opereka chithandizo kupita kwa wina. Ma forwarders okhazikika omwe ali ndi ma contact olunjika nthawi zambiri amakupatsani mwayi wowoneka bwino kuposa ma brokers omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi woyendetsa sitima weniweni.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kutumiza Njanji ku China-Spain
Topway Shipping yakhala ikupereka ntchito zaukadaulo zoyendera anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kuyambira mu 2010. Ofesi yake yayikulu ili ku Shenzhen, China. Anthu omwe adayambitsa kampaniyo ali ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo zenizeni pa ntchito zoyendera anthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso zochotsera misonkho. Ndi akatswiri panjira zoyendera anthu pakati pa China ndi Europe, monga China-Europe Railway Express.
Topway Shipping imangosunga malo a sitima. Ntchito zake zimakhudza unyolo wonse wa zinthu, kuyambira gawo loyamba la mayendedwe kuchokera ku fakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu kupita ku siteshoni ya sitima ku Yiwu kapena malo ena onyamukira, mpaka kuchotsera kwathunthu katundu wa misonkho ndi mapepala olembedwa, mpaka kusungitsa ndi kuyang'anira kutumiza katundu ku Spain, kutumiza chithandizo cha misonkho ku siteshoni ya sitima ku Madrid, ndipo potsiriza mpaka kutumiza katundu womaliza mkati mwa Spain kapena ku malo ogawa katundu ku Europe.
Topway ili ndi njira zina za FCL ndi LCL panjira ya China-Spain, kotero mabizinesi amitundu yonse komanso kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumizidwa akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zake. Mphamvu za Topway zoyendera maulendo ambiri, zomwe zikuphatikizapo kutumiza katundu wa panyanja kupita kumadoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kutumiza katundu wachangu kuchokera pandege, ndi sitima yapakati, zikutanthauza kuti otumiza katundu amatha kugwira ntchito ndi mnzake wodziwa bwino ntchito kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo zonse za mayendedwe m'malo mochita zinthu ndi opereka chithandizo angapo.
Njira ya Yiwu-Madrid ili ndi mapepala ambiri oti agwire ntchito, monga mafayilo a ICS2 ENS, kutsimikizira ma code a HS, kulumikiza manambala a EORI, ndi miyambo ya mayendedwe m'maiko asanu kapena kuposerapo. Chifukwa cha izi, si chinthu chapadera kukhala ndi wotumiza katundu amene amadziwa chilichonse kuyambira komwe adachokera mpaka komwe adatumizidwa. Zimatenga masiku 18 kuti ukafike ku Madrid, koma masiku 28 kuti udutse malire.
Nkhani ya 2025: Kukula, Zomangamanga, ndi Zomwe Zikubwera Pambuyo pake
Njira ya Yiwu-Madrid inakwanitsa zaka 10 mu Novembala 2024. Kuyambira mu 2014, sitima zonyamula katundu pafupifupi 6,700 zayenda munjira imeneyi, zomwe zabweretsa makontena 670,000 a zinthu. Chiwerengero cha sitima zomwe zinkayenda pachaka chinachoka pa 23 mu 2014 kufika pa zoposa 1,100 mu 2024. Mtengo wa katundu womwe unkasamutsidwa chaka chilichonse unachoka pa $92 miliyoni kufika pa $2.62 biliyoni, ndipo chiwerengero cha mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zinasamutsidwa chinachoka pa 10,000 kufika pafupifupi 50,000.
Gulu la Sitima zapamtunda la China State linati chiwerengero cha sitima zonyamula katundu pakati pa China ndi Europe chawonjezeka ndi 9% kuyambira 2024 mpaka 2025. Tsopano, mizinda 17 yaku China ili ndi maulumikizidwe a sitima mwachindunji ku mizinda yaku Europe. Pali njira 93 mu netiweki zomwe zimalumikiza mizinda 125 yaku China ndi mizinda 227 yaku Europe m'maiko 25 osiyanasiyana. Iyi si njira yoyesera; ndi zomangamanga zokhwima komanso zomwe zikukula.
Chaka cha 2025 ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa ubale wautumiki wa China ndi Spain chifukwa chidzakhala chikumbutso cha zaka 50 cha ubale wawo wautumiki wautumiki komanso chikumbutso cha zaka 20 cha mgwirizano wawo waukadaulo. Zochitika zazikuluzikuluzi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuthandizira malonda ndi mgwirizano wa zomangamanga, zomwe zakhala zikuthandiza ogwiritsa ntchito katundu wamalonda mwa kupangitsa malo akuluakulu komanso njira zoyendetsera katundu kukhala zosavuta.
Bungwe la Belt and Road Initiative likukulirakulirabe, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri mu zomangamanga za sitima m'mphepete mwa msewu wa ku Eurasian. Ogwira ntchito akuyika ndalama m'malo atsopano osungiramo zinthu, njira zotsatirira za digito, ndikupanga njira zoyendetsera zinthu kukhala zofanana kwa aliyense. Mabizinesi omwe akukonzekera njira yawo yogulira zinthu za 2026 ndi kupitirira apo ayenera kudziwa kuti msewu wa Yiwu-Madrid udzakhala wachangu, wodalirika, komanso wopikisana kwambiri.
Chigamulo: Kodi Ulendo wa Sitima wa Masiku 18 Ndi Wofunika?
Inde, njanji ya Yiwu-Madrid ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa otumiza katundu omwe amafunika kusuntha zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pa nthawi yonyamula katundu wa panyanja wa masiku 35 koma sizofunika kwambiri kuti alipire mitengo ya katundu wa pandege. Ulendo wa masiku 18-21 ndi wachangu kuposa wa m'madzi, wodalirika kwambiri, komanso wothandizidwa kwambiri ndi zomangamanga zokhazikika komanso ogwirizana nawo odziwa bwino ntchito yokonza zinthu.
Pali kusinthana kwenikweni: sitima imadula kwambiri pa chidebe chilichonse kuposa katundu wa panyanja, ndipo kufunika kosintha ma gauge, kuwoloka malire, ndikudzaza mapepala kumapangitsa zinthu kukhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafuna kasamalidwe ka akatswiri. Koma kwa ogulitsa zamagetsi, ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto, opanga zovala, ndi makampani ogulitsa zinthu omwe amagulitsa kumsika waku Spain kapena ku Europe, kusinthana kumeneko ndikololedwa, makamaka ngati wogulitsa zinthu zonse wodziwa bwino ntchito yake akuyang'anira ntchito yonseyi.
Funso lofunika kwambiri silakuti kodi katundu wa sitima wochokera ku Yiwu kupita ku Madrid ukugwira ntchito. Umboni umasonyeza kuti ukugwira ntchito, ndipo ukukhala wodalirika pakapita nthawi. Funso lenileni ndilakuti ngati ukugwira ntchito pa katundu wanu wapadera, ndondomeko yanu ya bizinesi, ndi bajeti yanu. Werengani ndalama zonse zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito popita kunyumba ndi nyumba, kuphatikizapo magawo onse awiri oyendera, ndikuyerekeza ndi nthawi yanu yeniyeni yoyendera panyanja, yomwe imaphatikizapo nthawi yogona padoko. Kenako werengani kuchuluka kwa ndalama zonyamulira katundu. Yankho likhoza kukhala losangalatsa kuposa momwe mtengo wa katundu umasonyezera.
Kutsiliza
Njira yonyamula katundu ya sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid yasintha kuchoka pa ntchito yoyesa ndale kupita ku bizinesi yokhazikika. Zimatenga masiku 18 mpaka 21 kuti ikafike kumeneko, mitengo ikupitirira pakati pa $4,000 ndi $6,500 FCL, ndipo netiwekiyo imayenda maulendo opitilira 1,100 pachaka. Ndi njira ina yeniyeni m'malo moyenda pang'onopang'ono kwa katundu wa panyanja popanda mtengo wa ndege.
Muyenera kuchita zambiri osati kungosungitsa chidebe kuti mupambane panjira iyi. Imafunika mapepala osamala, kugawa bwino ma code a HS, malamulo okhwima osungitsa malo msanga, komanso mnzanu wodziwa bwino za momwe zimakhalira zovuta kusuntha katundu m'maiko asanu ndi atatu ndi ma gauge atatu a sitima. Topway Shipping ndi mnzake wabwino kwambiri wamakampani omwe akufuna kukonza unyolo wawo wogulira katundu ku China-Spain. Akhala m'gawo la zogulitsa katundu m'malire kwa zaka 15 ndipo amapereka njira yotumizira katundu kuchokera ku Shenzhen.
Ulendo wa sitima kuchokera ku Yiwu kupita ku Madrid umatenga masiku 18, koma si lingaliro labwino lokha. Kwa katundu woyenera, mabizinesi oyenera, ndi ogwirizana nawo oyenera, ukukhala chisankho chanzeru cha bizinesi.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi katundu wa sitima kuchokera ku Yiwu kupita ku Madrid amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
A: Pansi pa maulendo abwino kwambiri a 2025, zimatenga masiku 18 mpaka 21 kuti mufike kuchokera ku malo ena kupita ku ena. Nthawi yopita khomo ndi khomo, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutenga phukusi mu mtunda woyamba ndikulitumiza mu mtunda womaliza mkati mwa Spain, nthawi zambiri imawonjezera masiku awiri mpaka anayi, kutengera komwe kuli fakitale komanso komwe phukusi likupita.
Q: Kodi mtengo wake ukufanana bwanji ndi katundu wa panyanja woyenda panjira yomweyo?
A: Pakadali pano, sitima ya FCL ya mamita 20 imadula pakati pa $4,000 ndi $6,500, pomwe chidebe chofanana cha sitima yonyamula katundu chimadula pafupifupi $1,500 mpaka $2,800. Ndalama zowonjezera ndi zoona, koma kusunga nthawi kwa masiku 15 mpaka 20 kungathandize kuti zinthu zisungidwe bwino komanso kuti unyolo wopereka katundu ukhale wogwirizana.
Q: Kodi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono angagwiritse ntchito sitimayi popanda kudzaza chidebe chonse?
A: Inde. Khonde ili lili ndi ntchito za LCL (Zosakwana-Zotengera-Zonyamula). Otumiza katundu amaphatikiza katundu wochokera kwa otumiza osiyanasiyana kuti makampani ang'onoang'ono athe kugwiritsa ntchito sitima yonyamula katundu pamtengo wotsika popanda kutenga chidebe chonse.
Q: Ndi zikalata ziti zofunika ponyamula sitima kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain?
A: Zikalata zofunika kwambiri ndi invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, bilu ya sitima (CIM), ndi satifiketi yochokera. Khodi yonse ya HS yokhala ndi manambala 6 iyenera kuphatikizidwa mu ICS2 Entry Summary Declaration yomwe imaperekedwa maola 24 musanayike katundu kuti alowe mu EU. Kuti katundu alowe mu EU, wotumiza katundu ku EU akufunika nambala yovomerezeka ya EORI.
Q: Kodi njira iyi yakhudzidwa ndi mkangano wa Russia ndi Ukraine?
Yankho: Utumiki waukulu wa Yiwu-Madrid umadutsa mu Central Corridor ya ku Kazakhstan, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isadutse kwambiri m'dziko la Russia. Otumiza katundu ayenera kufunsa wotumiza katundu wawo kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi njira yoyenera, chifukwa opereka chithandizo osiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala ndi tsatanetsatane wosiyana wa njira ndi mbiri ya zoopsa.
Q: Kodi ndingayambitse bwanji Topway Shipping panjira iyi?
A: Lumikizanani ndi Topway Shipping mwachindunji ku likulu lawo la Shenzhen kuti mukambirane za tsatanetsatane wa katundu wanu, kuchuluka kwa katundu wanu, komanso nthawi yomwe mukufuna kuti abweretsedwe. Adzakupatsani mtengo wonse wa ntchito yopita khomo ndi khomo ndi kukuthandizani kusankha njira yabwino yotumizira katundu wanu kutengera zosowa zanu.
