Chongqing kupita ku Duisburg: Momwe Sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe imagwirira ntchito
Introduction
Pa Novembala 15, 2024, nthawi ya 10:20 am, sitima ya X8083 inanyamuka kuchokera ku Siteshoni ya Mudzi wa Tuanjie ku Chongqing, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China, yodzaza ndi zamagetsi, zida zamafakitale, ndi zida zapakhomo. Patatha masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi, inafika pa siteshoni ya DuisPort ku Duisburg, Germany — ikumaliza ulendo wa 100,000 wa China-Europe Railway Express (CRE). Unali ulendo wofunika kwambiri womwe anthu ochepa padziko lonse lapansi ankaganiza pamene sitima yoyamba inachoka mumzinda womwewo mwakachetechete mu Marichi 2011.
Masiku ano, sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe Railway Express ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu padziko lonse lapansi m'badwo uno. Imapereka malo pakati pa zachuma pang'onopang'ono za katundu wa m'nyanja ndi liwiro lokwera mtengo la katundu wamlengalenga. Kwa otumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi Europe - kaya ndi opanga zamagetsi ku Chongqing, ogulitsa magalimoto ku Germany, kapena ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amagulitsa ku EU - CRE yakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira yogulitsira katundu.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe njira ya Chongqing-Duisburg imagwirira ntchito, momwe manambalawo amaonekera, momwe ntchitoyi imafananira ndi njira zina, komanso njira zothandiza zomwe otumiza ndi kutumiza kunja ayenera kuganizira akamayesa katundu wawo.
Chiyambi: Kuchokera pa Sitima Imodzi ya Sabata Limodzi kupita ku Network Yodutsa Dziko Lonse
Njira ya Chongqing-Duisburg, yomwe imadziwika kuti Yuxinou (渝新欧) Railway, idayambitsidwa pa 19 Marichi, 2011. Dzinali ndi portmanteau: Yu (渝) ya Chongqing, Xin (新) ya Xinjiang, ndi Ou (欧) ya ku Europe. Katundu wake woyamba anali ndi ma laputopu ndi ma LCD screen opangidwa ndi Foxconn ndi ogulitsa ake ku Chongqing - dera lomwe linali likulu lopanga zinthu mkati mwa dziko, koma lomwe kale linkadalira magalimoto akuluakulu onyamula katundu kupita kumadoko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja asanakwere sitima. Njira ya sitimayi idachepetsa masabata angapo kuchokera pa njirayi.
Poyamba, ntchitoyo inali yochepa. Mu 2012, sitima 40 zokha zinkayenda pa msewu wa Yuxinou, zitanyamula makontena pafupifupi 1,747. Ulendowu unatenga masiku 16, poyerekeza ndi ulendo wapanyanja wa masiku 36 wopita ku madoko aku Europe. Koma mtengo woyambira - wothamanga kuposa nyanja, wotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa mpweya - sunali wotsutsa, ndipo mizinda ina inatsatira mwachangu. Chengdu, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Yiwu, ndi Xi'an onse anayamba njira zawo zopita kumadera osiyanasiyana aku Europe. Pofika mu 2016, boma la China linagwirizanitsa ntchito zonsezi pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi cha 'China–Europe Railway Express' kuti chiwongolere mgwirizano ndi kuwongolera khalidwe.
Kukula kuyambira pamenepo kunakula kwambiri. Mtengo wa katundu pachaka unakwera kuchoka pa $8 biliyoni mu 2016 kufika pa $66.4 biliyoni mu 2024 - kuwonjezeka kopitilira kasanu ndi katatu muzaka zosakwana khumi. Pofika pakati pa 2025, chiwerengero cha maulendo onse chinali chitapitirira 110,000, ndipo mtengo wonse wa katundu wosunthidwa unapitirira $450 biliyoni.
Njira: Makilomita 11,179 Kudutsa Mayiko Asanu ndi Atatu
Njira ya Chongqing-Duisburg imadutsa makilomita pafupifupi 11,179 ndipo imadutsa mu China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, ndi Poland isanalowe mu Germany. Ulendowu nthawi zambiri umatenga masiku 13 mpaka 16 pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, ngakhale kukonza malire ndi kusinthasintha kwa kufunikira kwa nyengo kungawonjezere izi ndi tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
Sitima zimachoka pa siteshoni ya Tuanjie Village ku Chongqing ndikupita kumpoto chakumadzulo kupita ku Xinjiang, kutuluka ku China kudzera ku Alashankou kapena Horgos - malo awiri akuluakulu olowera malire kupita ku Kazakhstan. Apa ndi pomwe vuto lalikulu laukadaulo la njirayo limathetsedwa: China imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera yokhazikika (1,435 mm), pomwe Kazakhstan ndi netiweki yayikulu ya sitima yapamtunda ya Soviet Union imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera yozungulira (1,520 mm). Pamalo olowera malire, makontena amasamutsidwira ku ma bogies atsopano - ma wheel-axle assemblies pansi pa galimoto ya sitima - kapena kunyamulidwa ndikuyikidwa pa magaleta akuluakulu. Njirayi, ngakhale idatenga nthawi yayitali m'zaka zapitazo, yakhala yofewa kwambiri m'malo amakono.
Kuchokera ku Kazakhstan, sitima zimadutsa ku Russia ndi Belarus zisanafike ku Małaszewicze kum'mawa kwa Poland, komwe kusintha kwina kumachitika kuti zibwerere ku njanji yokhazikika ya ku Europe. Gawo lomaliza limadutsa pa netiweki ya sitima yopangidwa bwino ya Germany kupita ku Duisburg, pakati pa dera la mafakitale la Ruhr.
Njira Zazikulu za CRE Mwachidule
| njira | Distance | Nthawi Yoyenda | Kuwoloka Malire |
| Chongqing → Duisburg | ~11,179km | Masiku 13-16 | Alashankou / Horgos (China-Kazakhstan) |
| Chengdu → Łódź | ~9,800km | Masiku 12-14 | Alashankou |
| Yiwu → Madrid | ~13,000km | Masiku 16-18 | Erenhot |
| Xi'an → Małaszewicze | ~10,000km | Masiku 12-14 | Erenhot / Alashankou |
Duisburg: Kuchokera ku Mzinda wa Malasha kupita ku Chipata cha China cholowera ku Ulaya
Kufika kwa Duisburg ngati malo omalizira ku Europe a CRE sikunachitike mwangozi. Mzindawu uli pamalo pomwe mitsinje ya Rhine ndi Ruhr imakumana ndipo ndi kwawo kwa DuisPort, doko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu. Misewu yake ndi njanji zimalumikizana ku Germany konse komanso kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Europe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale malo ogawa zinthu zachilengedwe.
Kusintha kwa chuma cha Duisburg kwakhala kofunika kwambiri. Kale mzinda womwe unkadziwika ndi migodi ya malasha ndi kupanga zitsulo - mafakitale omwe adatsika kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 - wadzikonzanso ngati malo ogulitsira zinthu ndi malo ogulitsira zinthu. Kulumikizana kwa CRE kunayamba ndi sitima imodzi yokha pa sabata ndipo kwakula kufika pa sitima 30 mpaka 40 zomwe zimafika sabata iliyonse kuchokera kumizinda yaku China, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa Duisburg ndi madera 15 a mafakitale ku China konse. Makampani opitilira 100 ogulitsa zinthu akhazikitsa ntchito ku Duisburg chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa njanji, ndipo gawoli lapanga ntchito zoposa 20,000 m'deralo.
Meya wa Duisburg, Soeren Link, wakhala akuchirikiza mgwirizanowu nthawi zonse, ponena kuti ndi njira ina yabwino kwambiri m'malo mwa nyanja ndi katundu wonyamulira zomwe zimapereka ubwino wa chilengedwe komanso zachuma. Makampani aku China - kuyambira ogwira ntchito zokwaniritsa malonda apaintaneti mpaka opanga zamagetsi - akhazikitsa ntchito zaku Europe mumzindawu, kusintha mawonekedwe ake amalonda m'njira zomwe zikanakhala zovuta kulosera zaka khumi ndi zisanu zapitazo.
Kodi kwenikweni sitima zimenezi zimanyamula chiyani?
Pamene njira ya Yuxinou inayamba mu 2011, katunduyo anali pafupifupi zipangizo za IT — ma laputopu, ma LCD screen, ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo zopangidwa ndi Foxconn ndi ogulitsa ake ku Chongqing. Masiku ano, katundu wonyamulidwa wakula kwambiri, ndipo wakhudza mitundu yoposa 50,000 ya zinthu malinga ndi deta yochokera ku China Railway.
Kukula kwa magalimoto n'kodziwika kwambiri. Kuyambira mu Seputembala 2022, pamene zoletsa zoyendetsa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu zinachotsedwa, opanga magalimoto amagetsi aku China kuphatikiza BYD agwiritsa ntchito kwambiri CRE kutumiza magalimoto omalizidwa kumisika yaku Europe. Katundu wamtengo wapatali wamafakitale monga zida zamankhwala ndi makina olondola nawonso akukula ngati gawo la katundu wa sitima, chifukwa chakuti ndalama zoyendetsera sitima tsopano zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikole cha makalata a ngongole - njira yatsopano yazachuma yomwe yapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yokopa kwambiri mabizinesi apakati omwe amayang'anira ndalama panthawi yoyendera.
| malangizo | Magulu Ofunika Kwambiri |
| China → Europe | Zamagetsi, zipangizo zapakhomo, magalimoto (NEVs), makina, zovala, mipando, mapulasitiki |
| Europe → China | Zigawo zamagalimoto, mankhwala, zakudya, zinthu zapamwamba, zida zolondola |
Maulendo obwerera — ku Europe kupita ku China — akwera kwambiri ndipo tsopano akuyenda bwino kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto otuluka. Chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe amagwiritsira ntchito ziwiya zodzaza katundu chafika pafupifupi 100%, kusintha kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zaka zapitazo pomwe sitima zopita kumadzulo nthawi zambiri zinkakhala ndi ziwiya zopanda kanthu. Magalimoto ochokera ku Europe omwe amatumizidwa kummawa kudzera pa sitima akuphatikizapo zida zamagalimoto, zakudya, mankhwala, ndi zinthu zapamwamba zogulira.
Sitima vs. Nyanja vs. Mpweya: Kodi CRE Imakhazikika Bwanji?
Sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe Railway Express ili ndi malo apakati pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka ...
| Njira Yoyendera | Nthawi Yoyendera (China→Europe) | Mtengo (wachibale) | kudalirika | Mpweya Wokonzedwa |
| Maulendo Anyanja | Masiku 25-35 | Otsika kwambiri | Pakati (chiopsezo cha kuchulukana kwa madoko) | Low |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 2-5 | Sitima yapamwamba kwambiri (~5× njanji) | High | Kwambiri Kwambiri |
| China-Europe Rail | Masiku 12-18 | ~1/5 ya mpweya | Zapamwamba (zotengera nthawi) | Low-Medium |
Komabe, kufananiza kumeneku kuli ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Kutumiza katundu m'nyanja kumakhalabe njira yodziwika bwino yogulira zinthu zambiri ndi katundu wotsika mtengo pomwe mtengo pa kilogalamu ndi womwe umakhala patsogolo kwambiri. Kutumiza katundu m'ndege kumakhalabe kofunikira kwambiri pa kutumiza mwachangu, kwamtengo wapatali, kapena kosawonongeka. Sitima yapamtunda imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa katundu wopangidwa pakati pa mtengo wapamwamba, pomwe kudziwikiratu kwa mayendedwe ndikofunikira monga liwiro, komanso komwe wotumizayo amafunikira unyolo wolembedwa wotsatira, wolembedwa womwe umagwirizana ndi malamulo a misonkho ndi zida zachuma. Nthawi ya 2020-2022 idawonetsa izi momveka bwino: pamene kusowa kwa ziwiya zotumizira katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchulukana kwa madoko kunapangitsa kuti katundu wapanyanja asadziwike komanso akhale wokwera mtengo, makampani ambiri omwe sanaganizirepo za sitimayo adayamba kuigwiritsa ntchito - ndipo gawo lalikulu linakhalabe.
Momwe Njira Yoyendetsera Zinthu Imagwirira Ntchito
Kumvetsetsa momwe katundu wa CRE amagwirira ntchito kumathandiza otumiza katundu kukhala ndi ziyembekezo zenizeni komanso kukonzekera zikalata molondola. Njirayi kuyambira kusungitsa katundu mpaka kufika ku Duisburg imaphatikizapo anthu angapo: wotumiza katundu, wotumiza katundu kapena woyendetsa zinthu, woyendetsa sitima (RSO) yemwe amasungitsa malo m'sitima, akuluakulu a kasitomu pamalo onyamuka ndi malo ambiri oyendera, ndi gulu lolandira katundu ku Europe.
Kusungitsa ndi Kulemba
Kutumiza katundu nthawi zambiri kumasungidwa kudzera kwa woyendetsa sitima kapena wotumiza katundu masiku 5-10 ulendo usanachitike. Zikalata zofunika kwambiri zimaphatikizapo invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wolongedza katundu, bilu yonyamula katundu (yofanana ndi sitimayo imatchedwa CIM consignment note kapena Chinese railway waybill), ndi ziphaso zilizonse zofunika pa katundu winawake — ziphaso zaukhondo wa chakudya, ziphaso za EUR.1 zoyendera ku Europe, ndi zina zotero. Makampani ogulitsa katundu nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsa ndikuwunika zikalata kuti apereke kuti zivomerezedwe pasadakhale, njira yomwe yakweza kwambiri liwiro lochotsera katundu pansi pa nsanja ya 95306 yotumizira katundu ku China.
Misonkho pa Malo Oyambira ndi Maulendo
Kuchotsa katundu wa katundu wa ku China ku Chongqing kapena mzinda wina wochoka ndi sitepe yoyamba yayikulu. Ndi mfundo za msonkho za dziko lonse, kugawana chidziwitso pakati pa kuchoka ndi msonkho wa malire kwakhala bwino kwambiri. Ku Alashankou kapena Horgos, sitima zimadutsa njira yosinthira katundu wa bogie pomwe akuluakulu a msonkho mbali zonse ziwiri amakonza ma traffic manifest. Zipangizo zamakono tsopano zitha kukonza kusinthana ndi kuchotsera katundu kumeneku mwachangu kuposa m'zaka zoyambirira za ntchito.
Mayendedwe odutsa ku Russia ndi Belarus amaphatikizapo kutseka ndi kuyang'anira zinthu za msonkho m'malo moyang'anitsitsa zonse. Kulowa ku Poland ku Małaszewicze ndi komwe njira za msonkho za EU zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. EU ili ndi zofunikira zenizeni pa katundu wochokera kumayiko omwe si mamembala, ndipo ogwira ntchito zoyendetsa katundu odziwa bwino ntchito adzaonetsetsa kuti kulengeza kolondola kwa katundu wolowera, kulembetsa VAT, ndi njira zoyendera za Customs Union zachitika nthawi yayitali sitima isanafike. Kuchedwa panthawiyi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha nthawi yayitali yoyendera kuposa momwe amayembekezera.
Kuthekera ndi Kukonza Nthawi
Pakadali pano Chongqing imagwira ntchito ndi sitima 10 mpaka 12 pa sabata pa CRE, iliyonse ikunyamula sitima za TEU 500–600. Kuchoka kumatsatira nthawi yolembedwa, ndipo njira ya Yuxinou tsopano imapereka sitima yonse ya nthawi yomwe ingafike ku Duisburg m'masiku opitilira khumi pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwino. Kwa mabizinesi a e-commerce ndi makampani omwe amagulitsa zinthu zobwezeretsanso m'masitolo, kudziwikiratu kwa ntchito yokonzedwa ndi nthawi ndi mwayi waukulu wogwirira ntchito kuposa nthawi zosiyanasiyana zotumizira makontena.
Zoopsa za Geopolitical ndi Ma Corridor Ena
Njira yakumpoto yodutsa ku Russia imanyamula magalimoto ambiri a CRE, koma mkangano wa Russia ndi Ukraine womwe unayamba mu 2022 unayambitsa kusatsimikizika kwakukulu. Russia inakhazikitsa ziletso pa katundu wina mu Okutobala 2024, kusintha njira zina zoyendera ndikukakamiza ogwira ntchito zonyamula katundu kuti asinthe. Poland inatseka malire ake ndi Belarus kwa masiku asanu mu Seputembala 2025 chifukwa cha masewera olimbitsa thupi ankhondo, zomwe zinasokoneza kwakanthawi njira yolowera ku malo olumikizirana a ku Europe. Zochitika izi zikuwonetsa chiopsezo chenicheni: kugwira ntchito bwino kwa msewu wakumpoto kumadalira mgwirizano wandale wa mayiko ambiri omwe nthawi zonse sagwirizana.
Middle Corridor — yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR) — yakula ngati njira ina, yotumizira sitima kudzera ku Kazakhstan, kudutsa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi sitima yapamadzi, kudutsa ku Azerbaijan kapena Georgia, ndi kulowa ku Turkey kapena kum'mawa kwa Europe. Mayiko kuphatikizapo Turkey, Azerbaijan, ndi Uzbekistan akhala akuyika ndalama mu zomangamanga za msewu uwu. Ndi wautali ndipo umaphatikizapo kuwoloka nyanja pakati pa nthawi, koma umadutsa kwathunthu dziko la Russia. Mu 2025, wakhala njira yotchuka kwambiri kuposa momwe inalili isanafike 2022, makamaka kwa otumiza omwe ali ndi chiopsezo cha geopolitical muzofunikira zawo zoperekera katundu.
Momwe Kutumiza ku Topway Kungakuthandizireni Kuyenda Panjira Iyi
Kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito China-Europe Railway Express, kugwira ntchito ndi mnzake wodziwa bwino ntchito zoyendera zinthu kumabweretsa kusiyana koyezeka - makamaka pakuwongolera zolemba, kasitomu, ndi zovuta zosungitsa malo zomwe zimabwera ndi njanji yamayiko ambiri.
Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ndi likulu lake ku Shenzhen, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira mauthenga kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pa ntchito zotumizira mauthenga padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, ndi luso lakuya pa mayendedwe pakati pa China ndi US komanso ntchito yowonjezereka m'misewu yamalonda yapadziko lonse lapansi kuphatikizapo njanji pakati pa China ndi Europe.
Ntchito ya Topway ikuphatikizapo unyolo wonse wa zinthu: mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku fakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu kupita ku siteshoni yonyamulira sitima, malo osungiramo katundu akunja ku malo ogawa katundu ku Europe, kuchotsera katundu wa msonkho komwe kumachokera komanso komwe kukupita, komanso kutumiza katundu womaliza ku Europe konse. Kwa otumiza katundu omwe katundu wawo kapena zinthu zawo zimayenderana ndi katundu wa panyanja, Topway imaperekanso ntchito zosinthika zonyamula katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) ndi zocheperapo kuposa chidebe (LCL) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi - zomwe zimapatsa makasitomala mwayi wosakaniza njira zomwe akufunikira, kutengera nthawi yoyambira ndi zoletsa za bajeti.
Kuphatikiza kwa ukatswiri wa sitima ndi chidziwitso chakuya cha kasitomu n'kofunika kwambiri pa CRE, komwe zolakwika zolemba poyambira zingayambitse kuchedwa kwa kufalikira kwa magalimoto m'malire a mayendedwe. Gulu la Topway limayang'anira kutumiza zikalata zovomerezeka pasadakhale, limagwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito za sitima pa nthawi yake, komanso limalumikizana ndi akuluakulu a kasitomu ku Europe kuti atsimikizire kuti kutumiza katunduyo kuli bwino. Makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito zamalonda apa intaneti omwe amadutsa malire - gawo lomwe Topway yamanga luso lake lamphamvu kwambiri - kuthekera kosuntha katundu wobwezeretsanso kupita ku malo okwaniritsa katundu ku Europe pamaziko odalirika komanso okhazikika ndi mwayi weniweni wampikisano.
Kodi sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe Railway Express ndiyo yoyenera katundu wanu?
CRE si yankho la anthu onse. Monga njira ina iliyonse yoyendetsera zinthu, imagwirizana bwino ndi ma profiles ena a katundu ndi ma supply chain, ndipo imagwirizana bwino ndi ena. Mfundo zotsatirazi zimathandiza kumveketsa nthawi yomwe njanji ndiyo yoyenera.
Kufunika kwa katundu ndi nthawi ndizomwe zimasefa kwambiri. Malo abwino kwambiri pa sitima ndi katundu wopangidwa ndi mtengo wapakati mpaka wapamwamba komwe kuyenda kwa masiku 13-18 ndikovomerezeka koma ulendo wa panyanja wa masiku 30 sikovomerezeka, ndipo komwe mtengo wa katundu wa pandege sungalowe m'gulu la zinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa. Zipangizo zamagetsi, zida zamagalimoto, zovala zamafashoni, mipando, ndi zida zamagetsi zonse zatsimikizika kuti ndizoyenera. Zinthu zolemera kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri zikadali njira yotumizira katundu panyanja. Kutumiza mwachangu kwambiri kumapitabe pandege.
Kugwirizana kwa kuchuluka ndi chidebe n'kofunikanso. Katundu wathunthu wa chidebe amayenda bwino kwambiri pa CRE, ndipo kukula kwa chidebecho — zidebe zouma za mamita 20 ndi mamita 40 — zimathandizidwa bwino. Ntchito zophatikiza zocheperako kuposa chidebe (LCL) za CRE zilipo koma sizipezeka kawirikawiri ngati zonyamula katundu panyanja, kotero otumiza ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito kudzera mwa ophatikiza omwe amaphatikiza katundu wawo ndi katundu wina.
Pomaliza, malo opita ku Ulaya ndi ofunika. Duisburg ndi malo abwino kwambiri operekera katundu ku Germany ndi Western Europe. Pa katundu wopita ku Central ndi Eastern Europe, njira zodutsa ku Łódź kapena Budapest zingapereke ndalama zabwino kwambiri. Mnzanu wolumikizana bwino wokhudza kayendetsedwe ka katundu akhoza kupanga chitsanzo cha mtengo wonse wa katundu ndi nthawi yopita khomo ndi khomo pa njira iliyonse m'malo mongotsatira njira yodziwika bwino.
Kutsiliza
Sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe Railway Express yayenda ulendo wautali kuchokera pomwe idayambira ngati ntchito yonyamula katundu sabata iliyonse yolumikiza mafakitale a laputopu a Chongqing ndi malo ocheperako ku Duisburg. Tsopano ndi netiweki yomwe imagwira ntchito zopitilira sitima 19,000 pachaka, yophimba mizinda 227 m'maiko 25 aku Europe, yonyamula katundu wokwana $66.4 biliyoni pachaka, ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati mzati weniweni wa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Ulendo wa 100,000 kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2024, komanso ulendo wotsatira wa maulendo 110,000 pakati pa chaka cha 2025, sikutanthauza kupambana kokha kwa manambala komanso kutsimikizira kwa chitsanzo: kuti chochokera kumtunda katundu wa njanji ku Eurasia konse, akathandizidwa ndi ndalama mu zomangamanga, machitidwe a digito, ndi ntchito zoyendetsedwa bwino zoyendetsera zinthu, amatha kupikisana padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa otumiza, CRE si njira ina yoyesera - ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe imayenera malo mu kusanthula kulikonse kozama momwe angasunthire katundu pakati pa China ndi Europe.
Kaya ndinu wopanga zinthu kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa China amene mukufuna kuchepetsa kudalira kutumiza katundu m'madoko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, wogulitsa katundu wochokera ku Ulaya amene akufunafuna njira yogulitsira katundu yodziwika bwino, kapena wogulitsa zinthu pa intaneti amene amayang'anira kubwezeretsanso katundu m'misika yambiri ya EU, mfundo zazikulu za msewu wa Chongqing-Duisburg - ndi netiweki yomwe ikukula - ndizofunikira kuzimvetsa mozama.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi sitima imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti iyende kuchokera ku Chongqing kupita ku Duisburg?
A: Munthawi yabwinobwino, ulendowu umatenga masiku 13 mpaka 16. Ndi nthawi yonse yoyendera pa msewu wa Yuxinou, maulendo amatha kupitirira masiku 10. Kuchedwa kukonza malire kapena kusokonezeka kwa ndale kungapangitse izi kukhala zovuta.
Q: Kodi mtengo wa katundu wa sitima umasiyana bwanji ndi wa ndege ndi nyanja?
A: Kunyamula katundu pa sitima kumawononga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a katundu wa pandege pomwe kumathamanga pafupifupi kanayi kuposa katundu wa panyanja. Ndikokwera mtengo kuposa kutumiza panyanja koma kotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa ndege, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pa katundu wokhudzana ndi nthawi yomwe siikugwirizana ndi mitengo ya ndege.
Q: Ndi mitundu iti ya katundu yomwe ingakhale yoyenera kwambiri pa China-Europe Railway Express?
A: Zipangizo zamagetsi, zida zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi, zovala, mipando, ndi magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi ena mwa magulu omwe amatumizidwa kwambiri. Katundu wamtengo wapatali womwe umafunikira nthawi yodziwikiratu yoyendera koma sungapirire ndalama zonyamula katundu wa pandege ndiye woyenera kwambiri.
Q: Kodi zoopsa zazikulu zogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kumpoto ya CRE ndi ziti?
A: Kusokonekera kwa ndale — kuphatikizapo zoletsa zomwe Russia yakhazikitsa komanso kutsekedwa kwa malire ku Poland — ndiye zoopsa zazikulu pa msewu wakumpoto. Msewu wa Trans-Caspian (wapakati) umapereka njira ina yodutsa Russia, ngakhale kuti umaphatikizapo kuwoloka bwato la Caspian Sea komanso nthawi yayitali yoyendera.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingathandize ndi kutumiza sitima kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe?
A: Inde. Topway Shipping imapereka chithandizo cha zinthu kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba, kuchotsera katundu kuchokera ku katundu wamba, kusunga katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena, komanso kutumiza katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena ku Europe. Pokhala ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo za zinthu kuchokera kumayiko ena, Topway ili pamalo abwino oyendetsera zikalata ndi mgwirizano wofunikira pakutumiza katundu ku CRE.
