Kuchotsera Katundu 101: Chimachitikadi Katundu Wanu Akafika ku Doko la US
Makambirano ambiri okhudza kuchotsera katundu wa katundu ku US pa njira yopezera katundu pa doko: manifession, mayeso ndi ma release orders. Ochepa amafotokoza gawo lomwe limayang'anira ngati chilichonse mwa izi chikuyenda bwino poyamba, ndipo ndilo mapepala omwe akudikirira kumbuyo kwa chidebecho nthawi yayitali chisanafike pa doko. Kwa zaka zambiri, CBP yakhala ikunena kuti imagwira ntchito motsatira muyezo wa chisamaliro choyenera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wotumiza katunduyo akuyenera kupeza zikalatazo zolondola nthawi yoyamba, m'malo modalira akuluakulu a msonkho kuti adziwe ndikukonza zolakwika.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa ntchito iyi imaganizira zochotsa katundu. Sizikutengerani gawo lililonse la ndondomeko ya doko, koma mapepala, magulu ndi zigamulo zotsata malamulo zomwe zimatsimikiza ngati katundu atumizidwa tsiku limodzi kapena akukokedwa mu ndemanga yomwe imatenga sabata yonse ya kupezeka kwa katundu.
Zikalata Zomwe Zimasankha Liwiro Lanu Lochotsera
CBP yakhala ikusinthasintha kwa zaka zambiri ponena za zomwe zimapanga seti imeneyo, ngakhale makina a digito ozungulira iyo asintha, ndipo popanda mapepala enaake, kulemba kovomerezeka sikungapitirire. Chidule cha zolemba pa Fomu 7501 ndi chikalata chotsimikizira, koma chimagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wonyamula katundu, ndi bilu yonyamula katundu kapena bilu yonyamula katundu kumbuyo kwake zili zonse komanso zogwirizana mkati.
Chomwe chimadabwitsa anthu ambiri ochokera kunja sikuti akusowa chikalata chilichonse, koma chikupereka chimodzi chomwe chikusiyana ndi china. Ngati invoice ya bizinesi ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kosiyana pang'ono ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zasungidwa, kapena ngati kufotokozerako kuli kosamveka bwino kotero kuti sikukugwirizana bwino ndi nambala ya HTS yomwe yayikidwa pachidule, CBP imaganizira zizindikiro zofiira izi zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa kawiri, osati kungolemba zolakwika chabe.
Tsatanetsatane wa Invoice Yamalonda CBP Actually Checks
Malamulo a boma amafotokoza bwino zomwe invoice yamalonda iyenera kuphatikizapo: kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa katundu, mtengo wogulira chinthu chilichonse mu ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa, dziko lomwe chinachokera, mayina a wogula ndi wogulitsa, ndi malo olowera katunduyo. Palibe fomu yofunikira ya invoice, koma zidutswa zonsezo ziyenera kukhalapo ndi kuwerengedwa, ndipo ngati pali mndandanda wolongedza katundu womwe uli nawo, uyenera kunena zomwe zili mkati mwa katundu aliyense mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuchotsera mtengo, thandizo, ndi ndalama zonse zomwe zimayikidwa pamtengo ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo siziyenera kupindidwa mwakachetechete kukhala nambala imodzi. Si cholakwika pa mapepala, ndi vuto losaganizira mtengo lomwe lingachitike pamene chilichonse chamtengo wapatali, monga zida kapena ntchito yopangira, chatumizidwa kwa wopanga ngati chinthu china ndipo mtengo wa invoice wokha walengezedwa. Zilango zitha kuperekedwa nthawi yayitali katunduyo atagulitsidwa.
| Ndemanga | Cholinga Choyambirira | Ndani Amakonzekera Kawirikawiri? |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Mtengo wa boma, magulu, komwe unachokera, ndi kufotokozera komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ndi kugawa katundu m'magulu | Wogulitsa kapena wopanga |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Amafotokoza zomwe zili mkati, zolemera, ndi miyeso pa phukusi lililonse | Wogulitsa kapena wotumiza katundu |
| Bill of Lading / Air Waybill | Imagwira ntchito ngati umboni wa mgwirizano wa kutumiza ndi kunyamula katundu | Chonyamulira cha m'nyanja kapena cha m'mlengalenga |
| Fomu ya CBP 3461 | Akupempha kuti katundu alowe mwalamulo komanso kuti katundu atulutsidwe | Wogulitsa katundu wa kasitomu wovomerezeka |
| Fomu ya CBP 7501 | Amamaliza kuwerengera mtengo, kugawa, ndi kuwerengera ntchito | Wogulitsa katundu wa kasitomu wovomerezeka |
Kugawa Ndiko Kumene Kuchedwa Kwambiri Kumabadwira
Mzere uliwonse pa Fomu 7501 uli ndi nambala ya HTS. Nambala imeneyo si mwambo; ndi mfundo imodzi yokhayo yomwe imayendetsa chiwongola dzanja cha msonkho, kaya katunduyo adzafunika kusainidwa kuchokera ku bungwe lina komanso momwe njira ya CBP yowunikira idzayang'anira bwino kutumiza. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe anthu ambiri amalembera nthawi zonse kukhala pempho la chidziwitso ndi gulu loyenera koma lamphamvu lomwe limasankhidwa chifukwa limakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chotsika cha msonkho.
CBP ithandiza ogulitsa kunja omwe sakudziwa bwino za gulu laling'ono, ndipo zigamulo zomangirira zimapezeka kwa aliyense amene akufuna chidaliro pa chinthu chobwerezabwereza asanapereke ku gulu lalikulu. Chomwe CBP sichilola kwambiri ndi kugawa gulu komwe kumasintha kuchokera ku kutumiza kupita ku kutumiza popanda chifukwa chomveka bwino, chifukwa njira imeneyo imawerengedwa ngati kuyesa kuyang'anira kukhudzidwa kwa ntchito m'malo mofotokozera moona mtima za zinthuzo.
Pamene Bungwe Lina Liyenera Kusainanso
CBP nthawi zambiri siili ulamuliro womaliza. Zinthu zambiri zotumizidwa ndi ogula zimakonzedwanso ndi bungwe la boma logwirizana, ndipo zofunikira za bungweli ndizowonjezera, osati m'malo mwa njira yachizolowezi yolowera. Kusowa kwa zofunikira za PGA ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwa zokwera mtengo zomwe wotumiza kunja angapange. Izi nthawi zina zimapezeka chidebecho chitakhala kale padoko.
| Ofesi | Magulu Azinthu Zachizolowezi | Zimene Zimawonjezera pa Ndondomekoyi |
| FDA | Chakudya, zodzoladzola, mankhwala, zipangizo zachipatala | Chidziwitso pasadakhale cha chakudya; kuwunika chenjezo la kulowetsa chakudya kunja |
| USDA APHIS | Zomera, zinthu za zomera, ma CD a matabwa | Kuwunikanso za ukhondo wa zomera, zofunikira pa chithandizo |
| EPA | Magalimoto, mainjini, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala enaake | Kuwunika kutsata malamulo okhudza kutulutsa mpweya woipa kapena kulembetsa |
| CPSC | Zoseweretsa, zinthu za ana, zinthu zogulira | Zolemba zoyesa ndi satifiketi |
Ogulitsa omwe angaphunzire kwambiri za lamulo la PGA mwanjira yovuta ndi omwe amabweretsa zida zamagetsi zokhala ndi mabatire, zoseweretsa za ana kapena chilichonse chogulitsidwa ndi chiwopsezo cha thanzi - nthawi zambiri akangotumiza koyamba mzere watsopano wazinthu m'malo mwa womwe ulipo kale. Kuwunika kwa bungwe kumayikidwa mu zisankho zopezera zinthu musanayike oda yogulira ndipo kumaletsa zochitika pamene chidebe chili pamalo oimika magalimoto chikudikirira mapepala omwe palibe amene anazindikira kuti akufunikira.
Kuwonetsa Udindo Kupitirira Mtengo Woyambira
Mtengo wa HTS nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mtengo weniweni wa katundu womwe munthu amaika kunja. Mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi msonkho wa Gawo 301 wokhudzana ndi kafukufuku wamalonda, msonkho wa Gawo 232 pa zitsulo zina ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimachokera ku zitsulozo, komanso malamulo oletsa kutaya kapena kubweza msonkho pazinthu zinazake, makamaka mitengo yoletsa kutaya katundu ndi kubweza msonkho yomwe imatha kukhala yoposa 200 peresenti ya mtengo wa katunduyo pazinthu zomwe oda ikugwira ntchito. Kutumiza komwe kumawoneka kotsika mtengo pa invoice yamalonda kungakhale kokwera mtengo kangapo panthawi yomwe magawo onse oyenera a msonkho akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana database ya oda yoletsa kutaya katundu ndi kubweza msonkho musanapange chisankho chomaliza chopeza katundu monga momwe zilili ndikuwunika nthawi ya msonkho.
Zida Zomwe Zingachepetse Mtengo Wofikira
Anthu otumiza katundu m'dzikolo nthawi zonse saloledwa kulipira chilichonse chomwe chiŵerengerocho chikusonyeza. Malo ogulitsira katundu akunja amalola kuti katundu azisungidwa ku United States popanda kuimbidwa mlandu mpaka atalowa m'malonda a m'dzikolo, ndipo nthawi zina chinthu chomalizidwa chopangidwa m'deralo chikhoza kuyenerera msonkho wotsika kuposa momwe zigawo zake zikanalipira zokha. Katundu amene amatumizidwanso kuchokera kudera lina m'malo mogulitsidwa m'deralo salipidwa msonkho konse.
Wokondedwa kuwuza imapereka mtundu wofanana wa kusinthasintha, kupatsa otumiza kunja mwayi wochedwetsa kulipira msonkho mpaka atasankha komwe katundu ayenera kutumizidwa. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka kwa ogulitsa omwe akufuna zinthu zanyengo m'malo osiyanasiyana okwaniritsa zosowa zawo. Palibe ukadaulo uliwonse uwu womwe umalepheretsa kufunikira kwa mapepala olondola; ngati pali chilichonse, amawonjezera malire chifukwa CBP ikuyembekeza kuti muyezo wofananawo wosamalira ugwiritsidwe ntchito pa katundu wonyamula katundu womwe ukusowa m'dera lina ngati womwe umatuluka nthawi yomweyo.
Kupanga Chizolowezi Cholemba Mapepala Musanayambe Kugula
Ogulitsa katundu omwe nthawi zonse amalipira mwachangu nthawi zambiri ndi omwe ali ndi broker wodziwa bwino ntchito yawo, koma ndi omwe amaona zikalata ngati gawo la kupanga zinthu osati ngati chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa zinthuzo zitapangidwa kale. Kutsimikizira kugawidwa kwa HTS, kuyang'ana ngati pali PGA, ndi mitengo mu Gawo 301 kapena chiopsezo choletsa kutaya katundu musanapereke oda yogulira kumapangitsa kuti kasitomu ikhale chinthu chodziwikiratu, osati chodabwitsa mobwerezabwereza. Popeza kutumiza kwalembedwa mwanjira imeneyi, broker safunika kufunafuna zambiri zomwe zikusowa atafika chifukwa zambirizo zinalipo katundu asanachoke fakitale.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kulondola kwa Zolemba
Kulondola kwa zikalata si ntchito yapambali, ndi gawo lalikulu la momwe timagwirira ntchito mayendedwe oyamba, malo osungiramo katundu kunja kwa dziko, kuchotsera msonkho wa misonkho ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza ngati unyolo umodzi wolumikizidwa, inatero Topway Shipping yochokera ku Shenzhen, yomwe yakhala ikukula bizinesi yake kuzungulira msewu wochokera ku China kupita ku US makamaka kuyambira 2010. Apa ndi pomwe chidziwitso cha zaka zoposa khumi ndi zisanu pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsera msonkho wa misonkho kuchokera kwa gulu loyambitsa chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa invoice yosakhala yachilendo kapena kufunikira kwa PGA kosayang'aniridwa kungatanthauze masiku ochedwa.
Popeza gulu lomwelo lomwe limayang'anira katundu wa panyanja limayang'aniranso mapepala olowera, kusiyana pakati pa invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi bilu yonyamula katundu nthawi zambiri kumadziwika chidebecho chisanafike ngakhale padoko la US, m'malo mochita izi pambuyo pake. Zosankha zonyamula katundu wa panyanja za Topway Shipping zokhala ndi chidebe chokwanira komanso zotsika kuposa chidebe kupita ku madoko ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi zimathandizanso amalonda kuyesa mizere yatsopano yazinthu pang'ono pomwe mapepala ndi mitundu ya zinthuzo zikupangidwabe.
Kutsiliza
Kuthamanga kwa kuchotsera katundu pa katundu wa kasitomu kumatsimikiziridwa kale katundu asanafike pa doko la ku US. Pa nthawi yopezera ndi kupanga, ma invoice, magulu, ma check a bungwe, ndi kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa katundu zomwe zingachitike zimayambika. Katundu akangofika panyanja, zotsatira zake zambiri zimakhala zitatsekedwa kale. Ikuwona zikalata ngati lingaliro lotsatira lomwe limasintha kutumiza nthawi zonse kukhala sabata imodzi. Ikuwona zikalata ngati gawo la kukonzekera malonda kuyambira tsiku loyamba lomwe limapangitsa kuti kutumiza kukhale kosasangalatsa m'lingaliro labwino kwambiri la mawuwa. Ikadali njira imodzi yodalirika yosungira lingaliro losasangalatsa ngati lachizolowezi: mnzawo woyendetsa katundu yemwe ali ndi katundu ndi fayilo, ndipo sapereka mapepala pakati pa ogulitsa omwe sanalumikizane.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi pali mtundu wofunikira wa invoice yamalonda?
A: Kodi ndikufunika kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo china ndi invoice? Yankho: CBP sitchula chitsanzo china koma invoice iyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chosavuta kuzindikira kuphatikizapo mtengo, anthu omwe akukhudzidwa, komwe idachokera, ndi kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa katunduyo.
Q: Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati malonda anga akufunika kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe monga FDA kapena CPSC?
A: Kutumiza sikungathe kutulutsidwa pokhapokha ngati zofunikira za bungwelo zakwaniritsidwa komanso ngati CBP yalandiridwa nthawi zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyang'anira PGA musanagule chinthu chatsopano ndikofunikira.
Q: Kodi ndingapemphe CBP kuti itsimikizire gulu langa la HTS pasadakhale?
A: Kutumiza sikungathe kutulutsidwa pokhapokha ngati zofunikira za bungwelo zakwaniritsidwa komanso ngati CBP yalandiridwa nthawi zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyang'anira PGA musanagule chinthu chatsopano ndikofunikira.
Q: Kodi ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu ndi zotsutsana nazo ndizofala?
A: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zinazake zomwe zili ndi oda yogwira ntchito. Koma akagwiritsa ntchito msonkho wowonjezera ukhoza kukhala waukulu, nthawi zina woposa 200 peresenti ya mtengo wa kasitomu.
Q: Kodi malo ogulitsa akunja amachotsa msonkho wonse?
A: Sikofunikira kutero. Misonkho imayimitsidwa mpaka zinthuzo zitalowa mu malonda aku US, ndipo katundu wotumizidwanso kuchokera kuderali m'malo mogulitsidwa m'dziko muno akhoza kupewa kulipira konse.
