Kutumiza DAP kuchokera ku China kupita ku UK: Njira Yochotsera Ndalama ndi Ndalama
Introduction
Ngati mutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku United Kingdom motsatira malamulo a DAP, mwina mwamvapo chiganizo chomwecho kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri za mgwirizano: "Mwati wafika, ndiye kodi invoice iyi ndi ya chiyani?" Kusokonezekaku n'komveka. DAP, chidule cha Delivered at Place, imamveka ngati lonjezo la khomo ndi khomo, koma imasiya dala ntchito imodzi yayikulu kwa wogula. Ntchito imeneyo ndi chilolezo cha kulowetsa katundu ku UK, pamodzi ndi msonkho ndi VAT zomwe zimabwera nazo. Wogula akamayembekezera bilu imeneyo, katundu amakhala padoko, malo osungiramo katundu ndi kuchepetsa katundu amayamba kugwira ntchito, ndipo ubale wabwino wamalonda umakhala wovuta chifukwa cha vuto lomwe linali lodziwikiratu.
Nkhaniyi ikuyendanso mwachangu. Boma la UK latsimikiza mu Bajeti ya Autumn 2025 kuti kuchotsera msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho pa zinthu zotsika mtengo zomwe zimalowa kunja zomwe zili ndi mtengo wa £135 kapena kuchepera kudzachotsedwa, ndipo tsiku loyimitsa lidzathetsedwa kuyambira Marichi 2029. Malipoti omwe adaperekedwa pambuyo pa chilengezo cha boma cha Julayi 2026 akuwonetsa kutha kwa Okutobala 2028. Pakadali pano European Union idakhazikitsa msonkho wakanthawi wa €3 pa zinthu zotsika mtengo kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2026, ndipo United States idathetsa kuchotsedwa kwake mu 2025. Ogulitsa omwe adamanga malire awo polowera m'misika ya Kumadzulo popanda msonkho tsopano ayenera kupanga chitsanzo cha tsogolo losiyana kwambiri.
Bukuli likufotokoza momwe DAP imagwirira ntchito pamisewu yochokera ku China kupita ku UK, momwe chilolezo cha msonkho ku UK chimayambira nthawi yomwe sitimayo yasankhidwa mpaka nthawi yomwe galimotoyo yatsitsidwa, ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa panjira, komanso omwe nthawi zambiri amalipira chilichonse. Lalembedwa kwa ogulitsa kunja, ogulitsa ochokera kumayiko ena ndi ogulitsa kunja ku UK omwe akufuna tsatanetsatane wothandiza osati malingaliro. Ziwerengero zonse za ndalama ndi zowonetsera kukonzekera, ndipo nthawi zonse muyenera kuzitsimikizira motsutsana ndi mtengo wolembedwa wamoyo musanapereke kutumiza.
Kodi DAP Imatanthauza Chiyani pa Kutumiza Ku China Ku UK?
Tanthauzo la Incoterms 2020 m'chinenero chosavuta
Malinga ndi DAP, wogulitsa amakonza ndikulipira katundu wonyamulira katundu kupita kumalo odziwika bwino ku UK. Malo amenewo akhoza kukhala nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya wogula ku Birmingham, malo ochitira zinthu ku Daventry kapena malo ogawa katundu ku Manchester. Katunduyo amawerengedwa ngati waperekedwa akayikidwa kwa wogula panjira yonyamulira katundu yomwe ikubwera, yokonzeka kutsitsa katundu. Ngozi imapita kwa wogula panthawiyo. Asanayambe izi, wogulitsayo amanyamula chilolezo chotumiza katundu kunja ku China, ndalama zoyambira, katundu waukulu komanso chiopsezo cha kutayika kapena kuwonongeka paulendo.
Zinthu ziwiri ziyenera kusamalidwa kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri. Choyamba ndi chakuti malo omwe atchulidwawo ayenera kukhala olondola. Pangano loti "DAP London" limayambitsa mkangano wokhudza ngati wogulitsayo ayenera kutumiza katundu ku terminal ku Tilbury kapena ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Enfield, pomwe "DAP Unit 4, Trafford Park, Manchester" silikukayikira. Chachiwiri ndi chakuti DAP sikuphatikizapo kutsitsa katundu komwe akupita. Ngati galimotoyo yafika ndipo palibe amene ali ndi forklift kapena malo osungira katundu, mkanganowo sulinso wokhudza invoice, koma wokhudza nthawi yodikira komanso amene amalipira.
DAP poyerekeza ndi EXW ndi DDP
Njira yoyera yomvetsetsa DAP ndikuyiyika pakati pa mawu awiri omwe ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amaisokoneza nawo. EXW imakakamiza pafupifupi chilichonse kwa wogula, kuphatikizapo chilolezo chotumiza kunja ku China. DDP imabwezera pafupifupi chilichonse kwa wogulitsa, kuphatikiza msonkho wa ku UK ndi VAT. DAP ili pakati: wogulitsa amasuntha katunduyo mpaka ku adilesi ya ku UK, koma wogula ndiye mwini wa chikalata chotumizira katundu ndi misonkho.
Gome 1: Kugawa udindo pansi pa EXW, DAP ndi DDP pa kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku UK
| Ntchito | KAPI | DAP | DDP |
| Kutumiza chilolezo ku China | wogula | wogulitsa | wogulitsa |
| Galimoto yaikulu yopita ku UK | wogula | wogulitsa | wogulitsa |
| Kutumiza ku malo otchulidwa ku UK | wogula | wogulitsa | wogulitsa |
| Chilengezo cha msonkho wakunja ku UK | wogula | wogula | wogulitsa |
| Customs ku UK | wogula | wogula | wogulitsa |
| VAT ku UK | wogula | wogula | wogulitsa |
| Kutsitsa komwe mukupita | wogula | wogula | wogula |
Mafakitale aku China nthawi zambiri amakonda DAP chifukwa imawateteza kulembetsa ku UK VAT kapena kusankha woimira kasitomu, zomwe zonse ziwiri zimafunika kuti ziyendetse kutumiza kwa DDP yeniyeni. Ogulitsa kunja okhazikika ku UK amakonda izi pazifukwa zina. Bizinesi yolembetsedwa ndi VAT ingagwiritse ntchito akaunti yoyimitsidwa ya VAT, kusankha broker wake wa kasitomu ndikuwongolera kwambiri magulu ndi kuwerengera mtengo, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchita pamene wogulitsa akuyang'anira chilichonse kuchokera ku kontinenti ina.
Chenjezo kwa ogula koyamba ku UK
Chofooka cha DAP ndi wogula amene sanalowepo kale. Kuti apange chilengezo cha malonda ku UK, wotumiza katundu amafunikira nambala ya GB EORI, yomwe ndi yaulere koma iyenera kupemphedwa kudzera mu HMRC, ndipo imafunikanso broker kapena munthu wodziwa bwino ntchito kuti apereke chilolezocho. Bizinesi yaying'ono yomwe imapeza izi pamene sitimayo ikuyandikira kale ku Felixstowe ili ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri yothetsa vutoli.
Vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri pa malonda a bizinesi ndi ogula. Ngati wogulitsa atumiza pansi pa DAP ndipo kasitomala womaliza akapemphedwa kulipira VAT kapena msonkho pakhomo, madandaulo, kukana kutumiza ndi kubweza ndalama nthawi zambiri zimatsatira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe ogulitsa ambiri ogulitsa pa intaneti tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka katundu ka DAP monga gawo lalikulu kenako amalipira misonkho pasadakhale kudzera mwa wopereka chithandizo, kotero kuti zomwe ogula akuwonabe zikumveka ngati DDP.
Zomwe Zasintha M'malamulo Okhudza Kutumiza Zinthu ku UK Posachedwapa
Kwa zaka zambiri zapitazi, ogulitsa ma phukusi ku UK ankagwira ntchito ndi lamulo losavuta: katundu wokwana £135 kapena kuchepera akhoza kulowa popanda msonkho wa msonkho, ngakhale kuti VAT inkayenera kutengedwa pamalo ogulitsira kuyambira Januwale 2021. Lamuloli tsopano lili pa nthawi yobwereka. Bajeti ya Autumn 2025 inatsimikizira kuti kuchotsedwa kwa msonkho kudzachotsedwa pasanathe Marichi 2029, ndipo uphungu womwe unaperekedwa unapereka lingaliro lakuti ogulitsa, ndi misika yapaintaneti yomwe imathandizira kugulitsa kwawo, ayenera kukhala ndi udindo wolipira msonkhowo. Kwa ogulitsa akunja omwe alibe kampani ya UK, uphunguwo unaperekanso kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito woimira zachuma ku UK.
Kukula kwa nkhaniyi kukufotokoza kufunika kwake. HMRC yayerekeza kuti katundu wochepa mtengo wokwana 600 miliyoni adalowa mu UK mu 2024. Malingaliro omwe akukambidwa akuphatikizapo msonkho wosavuta wa katundu wochepa mtengo, zofunikira zambiri za deta pa katundu aliyense komanso ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito kuti zithandizire kuyang'anira malire. Mabungwe amakampani monga ICAEW anena kuti Marichi 2029 yachedwa kwambiri, ndipo malipoti aposachedwa okhudza tsiku lomaliza la Okutobala 2028 akusonyeza kuti boma lakhala likumvetsera. Chifukwa chakuti zolemba zenizeni za malamulo zikukamalizidwabe, muyenera kutsimikizira tsiku lomwe lili pa GOV.UK musanalipange kukhala chitsanzo cha mitengo.
Zochitika kunja kwa UK nazonso ndi zofunika. EU idakhazikitsa msonkho wa €3 pa chinthu chilichonse pa katundu wotsika mtengo pa 1 Julayi 2026 ndipo ikukonzekera kuchotsa malire ake a €150 mu 2028, pomwe US idayimitsa kuchotsera $800 mu Ogasiti 2025. Umboni woyamba wochokera ku Europe ndi wodabwitsa, pomwe Finland idanena kuti mitengo yotsika mtengo yoposa 75 peresenti ya zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja mwezi woyamba. Olemba ndemanga zamakampani akuda nkhawa kuti katundu wochotsedwa ku EU akhoza kutumizidwa ku UK pakadali pano, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe kukakamiza anthu kuti asapereke mtengo wokwanira komanso kulengeza molakwika kukukwera.
Gome 2: Masiku ofunikira a malonda otsika mtengo omwe amakhudza ogulitsa ochokera ku China kupita ku UK
| Date | Development | Tanthauzo lenileni |
| January 2021 | VAT yaku UK yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa pamalo ogulitsira pa katundu wa £135 kapena kuchepera | Ogulitsa akunja ayenera kulembetsa ku UK VAT; msonkho wa msonkho ukadali wochepetsedwa |
| August 2025 | US yaimitsa kumasulidwa kwake kwa $800 de minimis | Ogulitsa asintha kuchuluka kwa malonda awo kupita ku UK ndi EU, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kufufuzidwa kwakukulu |
| 26 November 2025 | Bajeti ya Autumn ku UK yatsimikiza kuti ndalama zokwana £135 zachotsedwa | Kuyamba kwa kusintha kwa zaka zambiri ndi kukambirana za mfundo |
| 1 July 2026 | EU yakhazikitsa msonkho wa €3 kwakanthawi pa chinthu chilichonse pa phukusi lamtengo wotsika | Mitengo ya ma phukusi otumizidwa kudzera kapena kumisika ya EU ikukwera |
| Mpaka pa 31 Disembala 2026 | Mpumulo wa msonkho wa UK wa £135 udakalipobe | Kukonzekera nthawi kwa ogulitsa kuti akonze deta ndi mitengo |
| Pofika Okutobala 2028 (zomwe zanenedwa) ndi Marichi 2029 posachedwapa | UK yachotsa chiwongola dzanja cha £135 pa msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho | Misonkho pamitengo yotsika imagwira ntchito pa katundu wotsika mtengo |
Ndikofunikira kutsindika zomwe sizinasinthe. Katundu aliyense woposa £135 amalipira kale msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho ngati kuli koyenera ndipo VAT yochokera kunja ikafika, ndipo izi ndi zenizeni za tsiku ndi tsiku za katundu wopakidwa pallet komanso wosungidwa m'makontena omwe katundu wambiri wa DAP amakhala nawo. Kusintha komwe kukubweraku kumakhudzanso malonda ang'onoang'ono apakompyuta, koma njira yoyendera, yokhala ndi deta yambiri, udindo wambiri komanso njira zochepa zochepetsera zinthu zosavomerezeka, zidzakhudza katundu aliyense wodutsa malire a UK.
Njira Yochotsera DAP Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku UK, Gawo ndi Gawo
Kutumiza katundu wa DAP kumakhala ndi zochitika ziwiri zochotsera katundu, chimodzi kumapeto kwake, ndipo zimachitidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana. Mbali ya ku China ndi udindo wa wogulitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yachizolowezi. Mbali ya ku UK ndi ya wogula, ndipo apa ndi pomwe kuchedwa kumachitika. Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa umatsatira katundu wamba wa panyanja , ngakhale kuti kayendedwe ka ndege ndi kayendedwe kachangu kamatsatira mfundo yomweyo ndi nthawi yochepa.
Gawo 1: Kukonzekera kutumiza ku China
Kuchotsa katundu bwino kumayamba katundu asanayambe kukwezedwa. Wogulitsayo amamaliza kulemba chikalata chotumizira katundu kunja ku China ndipo amalemba invoice yamalonda ndi mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mzere wa mzere, chifukwa akuluakulu a kasitomu ku UK, ndi injini zawo zowopsa, choyamba amafufuza kusagwirizana kwa mtengo, kulemera, kuchuluka ndi kufotokozera. Kufotokozera kosamveka bwino monga "zowonjezera" kapena "zida zosinthira" ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mafunso ndi zigamulo.
Nthawi yomweyo, wogula ndi wogulitsa ayenera kugwirizana ndi nambala khumi ya katundu wa ku UK pa chinthu chilichonse, dziko lochokera ndi mtengo wolengezedwa. Katundu waku China sapindula ndi mgwirizano wamalonda ndi UK, kotero mtengo wamba wa dziko lachitatu umagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati chinthucho chili ndi kuyimitsidwa kapena njira yothetsera malonda. Kusankha mfundo izi msanga kumalola broker kuyang'ana pasadakhale mitengo ya msonkho ndikulemba chizindikiro cha chinthu chilichonse chomwe chikufunika chilolezo, lipoti loyesa kapena zilembo zapadera.
Gawo 2: Chidziwitso cha katundu pasadakhale komanso kufika kwa sitima
Sitimayo isanafike ku UK, wonyamula katundu kapena wothandizira wake amatumiza chidziwitso cha chitetezo pasadakhale, chomwe chimadziwika kuti Entry Summary Declaration, kutengera deta yomwe wotumiza katunduyo wapereka. Ngati katunduyo watumizidwa kapena kudutsa m'madoko a EU panjira, zofunikira za chidziwitso cha pasadakhale cha EU nazonso zingagwire ntchito, kotero tsatanetsatane wa kusungitsa katunduyo uyenera kukhala wolondola kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Zolakwika pagawoli zingayambitse uthenga wakuti "musayike" kapena kuchedwa potumiza katundu, ndipo nthawi zambiri mtengo wake umakhala wolipidwa ndi aliyense amene wapereka chidziwitso cholakwika.
Pamene tsiku lofika likuyandikira, wotumiza katunduyo amapereka chidziwitso pasadakhale komanso chidziwitso chofika kwa wotumiza katunduyo. Wogulayo ayenera kuuza wogulitsa katundu wa katundu ku UK panthawiyi, kupereka chikalata chosainidwa cha ufulu wa katundu wa katundu ndikutsimikizira kuti nambala ya EORI ikugwira ntchito. Chikalata choyambirira cha katundu, kapena telex kapena sea waybill yotulutsidwa, chiyeneranso kukonzedwa, chifukwa kampani yotumiza katundu sipereka oda yotumizira katundu popanda icho.
Gawo 3: Kupereka chilengezo cha kutumiza katundu kudzera mu CDS
Zolemba zolowera ku UK tsopano zaperekedwa kudzera mu Customs Declaration Service, yomwe idalowa m'malo mwa dongosolo lakale la CHIEF. Wogulitsa amatumiza chikalatacho pakompyuta pamodzi ndi tsatanetsatane wa wolowetsa, ma code azinthu, mtengo wa kasitomu, komwe adachokera, zolemera, Incoterm ndi zolemba za zikalata zoyendera. Incoterm ndi yofunika chifukwa imauza kasitomu kuti ndi ndalama ziti zonyamula katundu ndi inshuwaransi zomwe zili mkati mwa mtengo wa invoice ndi zomwe ziyenera kuwonjezedwa kuti zifike pamtengo wa kasitomu.
Mtengo wa katundu wa kasitomu umawerengedwa potengera CIF, kutanthauza mtengo wa katunduyo kuphatikiza katundu ndi inshuwaransi mpaka kufika polowera ku UK. Ngati invoice ili pamaziko a DAP, mtengo woperekedwayo umaphatikizapo kale katunduyo, koma ungaphatikizeponso ndalama zotumizira katundu mkati mwa UK zomwe sizili gawo la mtengo wa katundu wa kasitomu, kotero ma broker nthawi zambiri amafunika kuwerengera katundu kuti apewe kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa chiwerengerocho. Otumiza katundu ochokera kunja omwe amatumizidwa pafupipafupi nthawi zambiri amatsegula akaunti yochepetsera msonkho kuti misonkhoyo imalipidwe pa debit ya pamwezi m'malo motumizidwa ndi katundu.
Gawo 4: Kulipira msonkho ndi VAT ndikupeza kumasulidwa
Chikalatacho chikalandiridwa, CDS imawerengera msonkho ndi VAT zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa. Wogulitsa amalipira izi kuchokera ku akaunti yoyimitsa ya wogula katundu, amasonkhanitsa ndalama kuchokera kwa wogula katunduyo pasadakhale kapena amalipira ndalamazo ndikuziperekanso ndi invoice ndi ndalama zoyendetsera katundu. Katundu amatulutsidwa pamene chikalatacho chalandiridwa ndipo msonkhowo watetezedwa, ndipo wogula katunduyo amatumiza zambiri zotulutsa katunduyo ku malo osungira katundu kapena malo osungiramo katundu kuti chidebecho chichoke.
Ogulitsa zinthu kunja omwe adalembetsa ku VAT nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito akaunti yowerengera VAT yochedwa. Pansi pa dongosololi, VAT yochokera kunja imalengezedwa ndikubwezedwa pa VAT yomweyi, yomwe imachotsa ndalama zomwe zimafunika kulipira bilu yayikulu ya VAT kumalire. Misonkho singathe kuchedwetsedwa mwanjira yomweyo, kotero iyenera kulipidwa kapena kuchedwetsedwa. Kwa bizinesi yotumiza katundu wolemera mapaundi masauzande ambiri, kusiyana kumeneku kumakhudza kwambiri ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Gome 3: Chitsanzo chogwira ntchito cha msonkho ndi VAT pa katundu wa DAP (chiwerengero cha msonkho cha 4% choganiziridwa)
| katunduyo | Ndalama (GBP) |
| Mtengo wa katundu, FOB China | 12,000.00 |
| Katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi inshuwalansi kupita kumalire a UK | 900.00 |
| Mtengo wa kasitomu (CIF) | 12,900.00 |
| Misonkho ya msonkho pa 4% ya mtengo wa msonkho wa msonkho | 516.00 |
| Mtengo wa VAT (mtengo wa kasitomu kuphatikiza msonkho) | 13,416.00 |
| Mtengo wa VAT ku 20% | 2,683.20 |
| Ndalama zonse ndi VAT zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa ku HMRC | 3,199.20 |
Tebuloli likuwonetsa chifukwa chake wogula yemwe amayembekezera kulipira katundu yekha angadabwe. Pa katundu wogulitsidwa wamtengo wapatali wa £12,000, ndalama zolipirira msonkho pamalire zimaposa £3,000 ndalama zilizonse zolipirira broker kapena port zisanawonjezedwe. Ngati wogulayo walembetsedwa ku VAT ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito akaunti yochedwetsedwa, ndalama zolipirira msonkho wa £516 zokha ziyenera kulipidwa ndi ndalama, ndipo VAT imabwezedwa pa kubweza komweko. Kuwerengera kungakhale kosiyana pang'ono ngati ndalama zina, monga kutumiza mkati mwa UK, ziyenera kuwonjezedwa pamtengo wa VAT.
Gawo 5: Kuyang'anira, kuchita ndi kuyesa
Si katundu aliyense amene amatumizidwa, koma aliyense angathe kuyesedwa. Kasitomu amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoganizira zoopsa, ndipo zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zikalata zosagwirizana, mitengo yotsika kwambiri yolengezedwa, katundu wokhala ndi mbiri yolakwika yosankhidwa, ndi zinthu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi chitetezo kapena njira zothetsera malonda. Kuwunika zikalata ndiye njira yofala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatenga maola angapo mpaka tsiku. Kuwunika thupi kapena kusanthula thupi kumakhala kochepa, komabe zikachitika kuti chidebecho chikhoza kusunthidwa kupita ku malo owunikira, ndipo mtengo wochisuntha, kutsegula ndi kutsekanso umagwera kwa wobweretsa katundu.
Chakudya, zomera ndi zinthu za nyama zimagwera pansi pa malamulo ena okhudza ukhondo ndi ukhondo wa zomera kudzera mu UK Border Target Operating Model, ndipo mankhwala ena, mabatire ndi zinthu zamagetsi zimafunika umboni wotsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zikutsatira malamulo. Ngati broker wauzidwa msanga za magulu awa, mapepalawo akhoza kukonzedwa asanafike m'malo mosunga katunduyo.
Gawo 6: Kutumiza komaliza ndi umboni wa kutumiza
Pambuyo potulutsa katundu, wonyamula katunduyo amanyamula chidebecho, kapena katundu wa LCL amatumizidwa ku siteshoni yonyamula katundu wa zidebezo, ndikutumizidwa kumalo otchulidwa. Popeza DAP imathera pa galimoto yomwe ikubwera, wogula ayenera kukhala ndi malo osungiramo katundu, antchito ndi zida zokonzeka. Kukumana mochedwa kumabweretsa ndalama zodikira, ndipo kulephera kutumiza kungatanthauze ndalama zotumiziranso. Wogulitsa nthawi zambiri amasunga umboni wosainidwa wa kutumiza ngati umboni woti chiopsezo chadutsa, zomwe ndizofunikira pa zopempha komanso pamalipiro omwe avomerezedwa mu mgwirizano wogulitsa.
Zikalata zofunika mwachidule
Kuchedwa kwambiri kwa katundu wa kasitomu kumachitika chifukwa cha zikalata, osati chifukwa cha katundu wa kasitomu. Tebulo lotsatirali likufotokoza mwachidule mapepala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse komanso amene ali ndi udindo wopereka katunduyo pa katundu wa DAP.
Gome 4: Zikalata zazikulu zotumizira DAP kuchokera ku China kupita ku UK
| Ndemanga | cholinga | Kawirikawiri amaperekedwa ndi |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Imatsimikizira mtengo, kufotokozera kwa malonda, Incoterm ndi maphwando | wogulitsa |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Amasonyeza kuchuluka, kulemera, miyeso ndi ma phukusi | wogulitsa |
| Bili ya katundu kapena airwaybill | Pangano la kunyamula katundu ndi, la katundu wa panyanja, chikalata cha umwini | Wonyamula kapena wotumiza |
| GB EORI nambala | Amazindikiritsa wotumiza katundu ku UK | wogula |
| Mphamvu ya loya wa kasitomu | Amaloleza broker kuti apereke zolemba m'malo mwa wogula | wogula |
| Satifiketi yoyambira | Imathandizira zopempha zoyambira ndi kuwunika njira zothetsera mavuto ngati kuli kofunikira | wogulitsa |
| Mafayilo otsatira malamulo a malonda | Umboni wa UKCA kapena CE, malipoti oyesa, mapepala azidziwitso zachitetezo | Wogulitsa ndi wogula |
| Malayisensi ndi zilolezo | Zofunikira pazinthu zoletsedwa kapena zoyendetsedwa | wogula |
Nthawi yoyendera ndi momwe njira zimakhudzira kutuluka kwa malo
Mayendedwe amasintha liwiro la ulendo komanso kayendedwe kake ka katundu. Katundu wa panyanja amasiya wobweretsa katunduyo kwa milungu ingapo kuti akonze njira yolowera, pomwe katundu wa pandege amaika chilichonse m'masiku angapo ndipo amafuna kuti wogulitsa katunduyo akhale wokonzeka.
Gome 5: Nthawi yodziwikiratu yoyendera kuchokera ku China kupita ku UK motsatira njira
| mafashoni | Ulendo wosonyeza | Zokwanira bwino | Chikalata chochotsera |
| Nyanja FCL | Masiku 30 mpaka 40 olowera ku doko | Katundu wa chidebe chonse | Nthawi zambiri kulowa kumachitika munthu asanafike |
| Nyanja LCL | Masiku 35 mpaka 50 khomo ndi khomo | Ma voliyumu ang'onoang'ono | Gawo Lowonjezera la Kusamalira ndi Kutulutsa CFS |
| Zonyamula ndege | Masiku 4 mpaka 8 khomo ndi khomo | Katundu wachangu kapena wamtengo wapatali | Kuloledwa tsiku lomwelo n'kofala |
| Katundu wa njanji | Masiku 25 mpaka 35 khomo ndi khomo | Katundu wapakati, wofunika nthawi | Kuyenda kudutsa m'madera angapo a msonkho |
| Express courier | Masiku 3 mpaka 7 khomo ndi khomo | Zitsanzo ndi maphukusi | Kawirikawiri zimakhala ngati DDP yokhala ndi misonkho yolipiriratu |
Ndalama Zolipirira ku UK Pansi pa DAP: Ndani Amalipira Chiyani
Ndalama zolipirira ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri ma quotation a DAP amalakwitsa, chifukwa mtengo wa wogulitsa umaphimba ulendo wopita ku adilesi ya ku UK koma osati ndalama zomwe zimadza panthawi yolipira ku UK. Wotumiza katundu amene amanena mawu a DAP moona mtima adzasiyanitsa magulu awiri a ndalama zomwe zili pa quotation, ndipo wogula amene amawerenga chikalatacho mosamala sadzadabwa.
Gome 6: Ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ku UK pa kutumiza kwa DAP (zosonyeza kukonzekera)
| kulipiritsa | Kawirikawiri amalipidwa ndi | Mtundu kapena maziko osonyeza |
| Chilolezo cha msonkho (ndalama zolowera kwa broker) | wogula | £35 mpaka £80 pa kulowa kulikonse, kutengera zovuta zake |
| Mizere yowonjezera ya zinthu | wogula | £5 mpaka £15 pa mzere uliwonse wowonjezera wa msonkho |
| Ndalama zolipirira msonkho ndi VAT pasadakhale kapena zolipirira | wogula | Kawirikawiri 1% mpaka 2% ya ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa kale, ndi osachepera |
| Kusamalira malo ofikira (FCL) | wogula | £150 mpaka £300 pa chidebe chilichonse |
| Ndalama yotumizira kapena yotulutsira | wogula | £40 mpaka £100 pa bilu iliyonse yonyamula katundu |
| Kusamalira ndi Kukonza CFS (LCL) | wogula | £10 mpaka £30 pa cbm iliyonse, ndi ndalama zochepa |
| Kunyamula katundu kuchokera ku doko kupita ku malo otchulidwa | Wogulitsa (akuphatikizidwa mu mtengo wa DAP) | Kuyambira pa £250 mpaka £900 kapena kuposerapo, malinga ndi mtunda ndi mtundu wa chidebe |
| Kuyesa kwa kasitomu kapena kusanthula | wogula | £100 mpaka £400 kapena kuposerapo, kuphatikiza mayendedwe ndi kasamalidwe |
| Demurration ndi kutsekeredwa | Munthu amene amayambitsa kuchedwa, nthawi zambiri wogula akafika | Kawirikawiri £50 mpaka £150 pa chidebe chilichonse patsiku mutatha nthawi yopuma |
| Customs | wogula | Yokhazikitsidwa ndi tariff code, nthawi zambiri 0% mpaka 12% pa katundu wamba |
| VAT kuchokera kunja | Wogula (akhoza kubwezedwa ngati adalembetsa ku VAT) | 20% ya mtengo wa msonkho kuphatikiza msonkho |
Misonkho imawerengedwa ngati peresenti ya mtengo wa msonkho, ndipo peresentiyo imadalira pa code ya katundu. Katundu wambiri wa ogula ndi mafakitale amagwera pamlingo wa zero mpaka khumi ndi awiri peresenti pansi pa UK Global Tariff, pomwe zinthu zina monga nsapato, zovala ndi magalimoto zimatha kukhala zokwera. Zinthu zingapo zochokera ku China zimayikidwanso njira zothetsera malonda, kuphatikizapo misonkho yoletsa kutaya zinthu pazitsulo zosankhidwa, aluminiyamu ndi zinthu zadothi, ndipo izi zimawonjezedwa pamwamba pa mtengo wamba. UK Trade Remedies Authority imafalitsa mndandanda womwe ulipo, ndipo ndikofunikira kuunika musanatchule.
Milandu yomwe imawonekera pambuyo pofika
Kuchepetsa katundu ndi kusunga katundu ndi zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri pa malonda a DAP. Demurrage imalipidwa ndi malo oimikapo katundu kapena malo otumizira katundu pamene chidebe chikukhala mkati mwa doko kupitirira nthawi yaulere, ndipo kusunga katundu kumalipidwa chidebecho chikakhala kunja kwa malo oimikapo katundu kwa nthawi yayitali chisanabwezedwe chilibe kanthu. Nthawi yaulere nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku ochepa chabe. Chifukwa DAP imapatsa wogula chilolezo, broker wochedwa, bilu ya msonkho wosalipidwa kapena wotumiza katundu wosayankha akhoza kusintha kufika kwa sitima yosalala kukhala sabata ya malipiro a tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kusunga katundu ndi gulu lachiwiri la mtengo. Ngati katundu wasungidwa kuti akawunikidwe, kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu singavomereze pa tsiku lomwe lakonzedwa, doko kapena CFS amalipiritsa ndalama zosungira katundu pamitengo yomwe imakwera kwambiri pambuyo pa masiku oyamba. Ndalama zotumizira katundu zimakwaniritsa chithunzicho. Palibe ndalama zonse izi zomwe zimakhala zazikulu pokhapokha, komabe pamodzi zimatha kupitirira ndalama za broker kangapo.
Choncho, pangano lomveka bwino limafotokoza amene amalipira ndalama zokhudzana ndi kuchedwa komanso pansi pa mikhalidwe iti. Mgwirizano wodziwika bwino ndi wakuti wogulitsa ndiye amene amalipira ndalamazo mpaka galimotoyo itafika pamalo omwe atchulidwa, pomwe wogula ndiye amene amalipira chilichonse chomwe chachitika chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa galimotoyo kapena malo osakonzeka otsitsa katundu.
Ndalama zomwe wogulitsa amalipira poyambira
Pansi pa DAP, wogulitsa katundu adzaphatikizapo chilengezo cha kutumiza katundu ku China, malo oyambira magalimoto ndi mayendedwe a doko, katundu wa panyanja kapena wamlengalenga, ndipo ngati agwirizana, inshuwaransi ya katundu . Ndalama zowonjezera za Bunker ndi nyengo yapakati, komanso ndalama zachitetezo ndi zikalata, ziyeneranso kukhala pano. Ndalamazi zimasinthana ndi msika sabata iliyonse, kotero mtengo wa DAP umakhala ndi tanthauzo lokha ndi nthawi yovomerezeka komanso mndandanda womveka bwino wa zomwe sizikuphatikizidwa.
Zolakwa Zofala Zomwe Zimawonjezera Mtengo ndi Kuchedwa
Kuchepetsa mtengo wa invoice
Ogulitsa ena amawonetsa mtengo wotsika pa invoice kuti athandize wogula kulipira msonkho wochepa ndi VAT. Iyi ndi njira yowopsa, chifukwa makasitomala amagwiritsa ntchito deta yoyerekeza kuti awonetse mtengo wotsika ndipo amatha kuwunikanso msonkhowo, kuwonjezera zilango ndikusunga katunduyo pamene akufufuza. Ndalama zomwe zasungidwa pa chikalata choyambirira sizili zoyenera kuwonedwa, ndipo njira yochepetsera mtengo wake ingakhudze katundu yense wobwera pambuyo pake.
Khodi yolakwika ya katundu kapena chiyambi chake
Kusankha khodi ya katundu chifukwa imakhala ndi mtengo wotsika ndi vuto lina lofala. Khodiyo iyenera kufotokoza chinthu chenicheni, zinthu zake ndi ntchito yake, ndipo broker amafunika tsatanetsatane wokwanira kuti asankhe bwino. Khodi yolakwika ingatanthauze msonkho wosalipidwa mokwanira, ndipo nthawi zina imabisa chinthu chomwe chikufunika chilolezo kapena chomwe chikuyenera kukonzedwa. Chiyambi chiyeneranso kukhala cholondola. Zolemba za "Zopangidwa ku China" ndi satifiketi yochokera ku China zimagwirizana ndi zotsatira za msonkho, pomwe katundu yemwe adamalizidwa kudziko lina sangayenerere chiyambi china.
Palibe EORI, palibe broker, palibe dongosolo
Wogula wopanda nambala ya EORI kapena ubale ndi broker sangathe kutumiza chikalatacho, ndipo katunduyo sangangochita chilichonse koma kudikira. Kukonza kwake n'kosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cholakwikacho chikhale chokhumudwitsa kwambiri. Pemphani wogula kuti atsimikizire nambala ya EORI ndikusankha broker asanasungitse, ndipo funsani kuti alumikizane ndi broker wawo kuti wotumizayo athe kutumiza zikalatazo mwachindunji.
Adilesi yosamveka bwino yotumizira
Pangano la DAP lomwe limangopereka dzina la mzinda m'malo mwa adilesi yeniyeni yotumizira katundu lingayambitse kusamvana pa mtengo wonyamula katundu, zofunikira pakugwira mapaleti ndi maudindo otsitsa katundu. Wogula ayenera kupereka adilesi yonse, maola otsegulira, njira yokumana ndi munthu komanso zida zomwe zilipo pamalopo.
Kunyalanyaza kutsatira malamulo a malonda
Kuchotsera msonkho wa katundu ndi gawo limodzi chabe la nkhaniyi. Katundu woyikidwa pamsika wa UK ayenera kukwaniritsa malamulo oyenera a chitetezo cha katundu, omwe nthawi zambiri amatanthauza chizindikiro cha UKCA kapena, m'magulu ambiri, chizindikiro cha CE chomwe chikuvomerezedwabe ku Great Britain. Katundu wamagetsi, zoseweretsa, zodzoladzola, mabatire ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi ma module opanda zingwe chilichonse chili ndi malamulo akeake oyesera, kulemba zilembo ndi zolemba. Ngati mapepalawo palibe pamalire, katunduyo akhoza kusungidwa, kuwonongedwa kapena kubwezedwa, ndipo mtengo wake ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa ndalama zilizonse zosungira katundu.
Momwe Mungasungire Ndalama Zogulira Malo Pansi pa Malamulo
Chizolowezi choyamba ndi kuwerengera mtengo wa katundu musanamalize mtengo, osati katunduyo akafika. Pulogalamu yosavuta yoyambira ndi mtengo wa katundu, imawonjezera katundu ndi inshuwaransi kuti ifike pamtengo wa kasitomu, imagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa msonkho kenako imawonjezera VAT idzawonetsa ndalama zenizeni zomwe zimafunika pamalire. Onjezani ndalama zogulira katundu, zolipirira katundu ndi zonyamula katundu, ndikuyerekeza chiwerengero chomaliza ndi mtengo wanu wogulitsa. Ngati phindu latha, ndi bwino kuphunzira zimenezo musanatsimikizire oda.
Chizolowezi chachiwiri ndi kusankha njira yoyenera yotumizira katundu. Wogula amene nthawi zonse amatumiza mapaleti anayi mpaka asanu ndi limodzi angapeze kuti LCL ndi yocheperako koma yotsika mtengo kuposa chidebe chopanda kanthu, pomwe wogulitsa amene ali ndi chidebe chokwanira mwezi uliwonse akhoza kukambirana mitengo yabwino komanso nthawi yopuma. Kumene liwiro limafunikira kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa unit, monga kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zatsopano kapena katundu wotsatsa, katundu wa pandege amatha kuteteza malonda ngakhale kuti mtengo wa katundu pa kilogalamu ndi wokwera.
Chizolowezi chachitatu ndikukonzekera mapepala pasadakhale ndikusunga nthawi zonse. Sungani fayilo yayikulu yazinthu yokhala ndi ma code azinthu, mafotokozedwe, zipangizo, zolemera ndi zikalata zotsatizana, ndipo muzigwiritsa ntchito pa kutumiza kulikonse. Pamene invoice, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi chikalata chonyamulira zonse zikufotokoza nkhani imodzi, mafunso a kasitomu amakhala osowa ndipo ma broker amatha kusintha malembo mwachangu.
Pomaliza, ganizirani za kusinthaku tsopano. Pamene mpumulo wotsika mtengo ukutha, oitanitsa omwe ali kale ndi deta yabwino, kulembetsa kwa VAT ku UK kapena woimira zachuma komanso mbiri yabwino ya kasitomu adzasintha mosavuta. Ogulitsa omwe aimitsa ntchitoyi mpaka nthawi yomaliza adzakhala akupikisana kuti apeze mphamvu ya broker ndikuphunzira malamulo atsopano nthawi yomweyo monga aliyense.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kutumiza kwa DAP ku UK
Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ndi likulu lake ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira mauthenga kudzera m'mabanki. Gulu lathu loyambitsa lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza mauthenga padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, ndipo ngakhale kuti zambiri zomwe takumana nazo zili mu kayendetsedwe ka mayendedwe pakati pa China ndi US, njira yomweyo yolondola deta, kuwongolera zikalata, komanso kugawa ndalama momveka bwino imagwira ntchito panjira iliyonse yomwe timayendetsa, kuphatikizapo kutumiza katundu kupita ku madoko aku UK.
Ntchito zathu zimakhudza unyolo wonse wa zinthu, kuyambira mayendedwe oyamba ku China ndi malo osungiramo katundu akunja mpaka kuchotsera katundu wakunja ndi kutumiza katundu wapafupi. Pa kutumiza katundu wa DAP, izi zikutanthauza kuti mnzanu m'modzi akhoza kukonzekera ulendo wonse, kuyambira kulengeza za kutumiza katundu ku fakitale mpaka chidziwitso cha kufika, kupereka katundu ndi kutumiza komaliza kumalo otchulidwa. Timaperekanso ntchito zosinthira za FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kotero wotumiza katundu akhoza kufananiza njira ya chidebe ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu m'malo molipira malo opanda kanthu.
Mwachidule, timathandiza makasitomala m'njira zitatu. Timakonza zikalata ndi deta motsatira muyezo womwe umapangitsa kuti kuchotsera katundu kukhale kosavuta, timatchula mitengo ya DAP ndi kugawa kowonekera bwino pakati pa zolipiritsa za wogulitsa ndi zolipiritsa za wogula, ndipo timagwirizanitsa kupereka katundu kwa wogulitsa katundu kuti katunduyo asaime padoko. Ngati simukudziwa ngati DAP, DDP kapena Incoterm ina ndiyo yoyenera bizinesi yanu, gulu la Topway Shipping likhoza kuwunikanso malonda anu, wogula wanu ndi kuchuluka kwanu ndikupereka njira yotetezera ndalama zanu komanso ubale wanu ndi makasitomala.
Kutsiliza
DAP ndi mawu othandiza komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku UK, koma imagwira ntchito bwino pokhapokha ngati mbali zonse ziwiri zikumvetsa komwe ntchito ya wogulitsa imathera ndipo ya wogula imayambira. Wogulitsayo amatumiza katunduyo kumalo omwe atchulidwa, ndipo wogula amamuchotsa kudzera mu kasitomu ku UK, amalipira msonkho ndi VAT ndikutsitsa galimotoyo. Pamene gawo limenelo lalembedwa momveka bwino mu mgwirizano ndipo likuwonetsedwa mu mtengo, DAP imapatsa ogulitsa udindo wodalirika ndipo imapatsa ogula ulamuliro pa kutsatira malamulo awo okhudzana ndi kutumiza katundu kunja.
Malo ozungulira njirayi akusintha. Kutha kwa mpumulo wa msonkho wa £135, msonkho watsopano wotsika wa EU komanso chidwi chowonjezeka pa mtundu wa deta zonse zikusonyeza njira ya kasitomu yomwe kulondola ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Mabizinesi omwe amakonza zikalata zawo, kutsimikizira ma code awo azinthu, kulembetsa ku EORI, kuwerengera mtengo wofika pasadakhale ndikugwira ntchito ndi wotumiza katundu yemwe akumvetsa kuti mbali zonse ziwiri za msewu adzachotsa katundu mwachangu ndikulipira ndalama zochepa zosayembekezereka. Topway Shipping ili okonzeka kuthandizira ntchitoyi, kuyambira mtunda woyamba ku China mpaka kutumiza komaliza ku UK.
Ibibazo
Q: Ndani amalipira msonkho wa katundu wochokera kunja ku UK ndi VAT pansi pa DAP?
A: Wogula amalipira. Motsatira DAP, wogulitsa ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wonyamula katundu kupita kumalo omwe atchulidwa, koma chilolezo cha katundu wolowa m'dziko, msonkho ndi VAT ndi za akaunti ya wogula pokhapokha ngati maguluwo avomerezana mosiyana mu mgwirizano.
Q: Kodi ndikufunika nambala ya EORI kuti nditumize kuchokera ku China kupita ku UK?
A: Inde, bizinesi yotumiza katundu ku Great Britain imafunika nambala ya GB EORI kuti ipange chilengezo cha kasitomu. Ndi yaulere kulembetsa kudzera mu HMRC, ndipo pempho liyenera kuperekedwa sitima zonyamula katundu zisanatumizidwe.
Q: Kodi ndalama zokwana £135 zopanda msonkho zikupezekabe?
A: Pa nthawi yomwe nkhaniyi inkalembedwa, koma boma latsimikiza kuti idzachotsedwa, ndipo tsiku lomaliza laperekedwa kuti ndi Marichi 2029 ndipo malipoti aposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti ndi Okutobala 2028. Yang'anani GOV.UK kuti mudziwe zomwe zikuchitika musanakonzekere mitengo yanthawi yayitali.
Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa DAP ndi DDP pa kutumiza katundu ku UK ndi kotani?
A: Ndi DAP, wogula amalipira msonkho wa kasitomu ndi VAT. Ndi DDP, wogulitsa amachita zonsezi ndipo amapereka katunduyo ndi misonkho yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kale, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kwa wogula koma zimapatsa wogulitsa udindo wotsatira malamulo.
Q: Kodi ndingapewe bwanji kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira ndi kusunga zinthu m'madoko aku UK?
A: Sankhani broker wa kasitomu sitimayo isanafike, onetsetsani kuti EORI ndi power of attorney zakonzeka, tumizani zikalata zolondola msanga, ndikusungitsa nthawi yotumizira pasadakhale. Kukonzekera mwachangu komanso kwathunthu ndiye chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ku zolipiritsa za tsiku ndi tsiku.
