Mavuto a Kasitomu ku Peru Panthawi ya CNY: Zimene Ogulitsa Zinthu Kunja Ayenera Kudziwa
Introduction
Chaka chilichonse, Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China (CNY) chimasintha momwe malonda amayendera padziko lonse lapansi. Mafakitale amachedwetsa kapena kutseka, madoko amagwira ntchito ndi malo ochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa katundu kumachoka ku China tchuthi chisanachitike komanso chitatha. Nyengo ya tchuthi iyi ingamveke ngati si chikondwerero koma ngati mayeso opsinjika pa unyolo wawo woperekera katundu kwa ogulitsa ochokera ku Peru, makamaka omwe amalandira katundu wambiri kuchokera ku China.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, malonda a Peru ndi China akwera mofulumira, chifukwa cha njira zatsopano zotumizira katundu ndi mapulojekiti akuluakulu monga doko la Chancay. Kusintha kumeneku kwachepetsa nthawi yoyendera katundu ndipo kwapanga njira zatsopano, koma sikuletsa mavuto a nyengo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha CNY. Zoona zake n'zakuti, njira zothamanga nthawi zina zingapangitse kuti chiopsezo chiwonjezeke mwa kubweretsa katundu wambiri m'mawindo afupiafupi ndikuwonjezera mavuto pa kasitomu, malo oimikapo magalimoto, ndi zinthu zamkati.
Panthawiyi, otumiza katundu akuyenera kudziwa zinthu ziwiri zomwe zikuchitika nthawi imodzi: kugwedezeka kwa ntchito ku China ndi malamulo omwe amalamulira miyambo ya ku Peru. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe CNY imakhudzira kutumiza katundu ku Peru, komwe kuchedwa kwambiri kwa miyambo ya ku Peru kumachitika, komanso momwe kukonzekera mwanzeru mothandizidwa ndi opereka chithandizo chaukadaulo wodziwa bwino ntchito kungathandizire kuti zinthu ziyende bwino ngakhale wina aliyense atagwidwa pamzere.
Momwe Kusokonezeka kwa CNY ku China Kufalikira ku Peru
Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China si masiku ochepa okha opuma. Ndi nthawi yocheperako, kutsekedwa, ndi kubwezeretsedwa komwe kumatenga milungu ingapo m'machitidwe opanga ndi okonza zinthu ku Asia. Tsiku la tchuthi lisanafike, mafakitale nthawi zambiri amachepa, madoko ndi malo osungiramo katundu amakhala ndi antchito ochepa, ndipo ogwira ntchito zokonza zinthu ambiri amatenga tchuthi chachitali. Tsiku la tchuthi lisanafike, pamakhala katundu wambiri, kenako kupuma pang'ono, kenako kuwonjezeka kwina pambuyo pake.
Kwa otumiza katundu ku Peru, maulendo amenewa amatanthauza kuti masiku onyamuka nthawi zambiri sadziwika, maulendo oyenda nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirachulukira, ndipo nthawi yoyendera imasintha nthawi zambiri. Onyamula katundu amatha kunyamula makontena kupita ku sitima zina, kusintha dongosolo la zombo, kapena kusiya kuyima konse. Izi zitha kuwonjezera milungu yosatsimikizika ku kuchuluka kwa anthu m'madoko akuluakulu aku Asia.
Mafundewa akadali kudutsa nyanja ya Pacific. Pambuyo pa CNY, madoko a Peru, makamaka Callao ndi Chancay, amalandira katundu wambiri nthawi imodzi chifukwa katundu amene anachedwa amachoka ndikufika m'magulu. Ogwira ntchito pa malo oimika magalimoto amafunika kuthana ndi nthawi imene bwalo limadzaza, ndipo akuluakulu a kasitomu ayenera kuthana ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa zilengezo ndi kuwunika. Sikuti nthawi yokha imatenga kuti ikafike kumeneko; komanso momwe zimadziwikiratu. Ngakhale njira yosavuta yochitira zinthu kudzera pa kasitomu ikhoza kukhala yochuluka kwambiri ngati zinthu zifika nthawi yochepa.
Pokonzekera mapulani, oitanitsa zinthu kunja ayenera kuganizira za magawo osati masiku. Ndi bwino kuona kusokonezeka ngati kumayamba pafupifupi milungu itatu kapena inayi tchuthi chisanafike ndipo kumatenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu kuchokera pamene mafakitale atsegulidwanso, m'malo mongoganiza kuti "sabata ya CNY." Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa kuzungulira uku kuchokera pamalingaliro a wotumiza katundu wopita ku Peru.
| Gawo la CNY | Nthawi Yoyerekeza (yoyerekeza ndi tchuthi) | Chikhalidwe ku China | Zotsatira Zachizolowezi pa Kutumiza ku Peru |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kuthamanga Kwambiri | -Masabata 4 mpaka -2 | Mafakitale amafulumizitsa kupanga ndi kukweza maoda omaliza; madoko ayamba kudzaza. | Mitengo yokwera ya katundu, malo ochepa, chiopsezo chosungitsa malo oti sitimayo ipitirire ku sitima zina. |
| Nthawi Yotseka | -Sabata imodzi mpaka +sabata imodzi | Mafakitale ambiri ndi opereka chithandizo cha zinthu anatseka kapena kugwira ntchito pang'ono; misonkho ndi madoko anachepa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa antchito. | Kuyenda kwa sitima kulibe zatsopano, nthawi zosakhazikika, chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kuletsa kapena kuchedwa kwa ndege mphindi yomaliza. |
| Zolemba Zakale Pambuyo pa Tchuthi | +1 mpaka +3 milungu | Mafakitale ayambiranso pang'onopang'ono; amachotsa makontena osungidwa; antchito akadali otsika kwambiri m'magawo ena. | Kusonkhanitsa zombo zofika ku Peru, kuchedwa kwa maulendo, kuthekera kwakukulu kwa misonkho ndi kuchulukana kwa mabwalo. |
Malo a Kasitomu ku Peru Ogulitsira Zinthu Zochokera ku China
Kuti atsimikizire kuti katundu yense wobweretsedwa ku Peru akutsatira malamulo a dziko, malamulo, ndi malamulo, ayenera kutsatira njira zovomerezeka zochotsera katundu wa katundu. SUNAT (Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria) ndiye bungwe lalikulu lomwe limayang'anira njirayi. Limayang'anira misonkho ndi misonkho. SUNAT imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi akuluakulu a madoko ndi mabungwe ena omwe amagwira ntchito zaumoyo, zomera, ndi zinthu zinazake.
Kuthamanga komwe makontena amatulutsidwa kuti atumizidwe kuchokera ku China kupita ku Peru kumadalira momwe mabungwewa amagwirira ntchito limodzi. Ogulitsa katundu kapena othandizira nthawi zambiri amalemba chikalatacho, amakonza zowunikira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapepala onse akutsatira miyezo ya ku Peru. Ogulitsa katundu omwe ali ndi anzawo omwe sagwira ntchito limodzi kapena mapepala omwe sali ogwirizana nthawi zambiri amapeza katundu wawo akumangika mumndandanda wa mafunso, kuyang'ananso, ndi ndalama zosungira.
Ubwino wa zikalata ndi wofunika kwambiri. Miyambo ya ku Peru nthawi zambiri imapempha Customs Merchandise Declaration (yomwe imatchedwanso DAM/DUA), invoice ya bizinesi yokhala ndi mafotokozedwe enieni azinthu, mndandanda wolongedza, bilu yonyamula katundu, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, satifiketi yoyambira ndi yogwirizana ndi zomwe zalembedwa. Mungafunike zilolezo zambiri pazinthu zovuta kuphatikiza chakudya, zodzoladzola, zamagetsi, ndi zida zamankhwala.
Kuchokera ku CNY, vuto silakuti Peru ikusintha miyezo yake; koma kuti ogulitsa ndi amalonda aku China ali ndi nthawi yambiri yovutikira. Anthu nthawi zambiri amadikira mpaka mphindi yomaliza kuti alembe zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika zambiri. Munthawi yamtendere, akuluakulu amisonkho amatha kunyalanyaza cholakwika cha HS code, kufotokozera kosamveka bwino kwa zinthu, kapena zolemera zomwe sizikugwirizana pakati pa mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi bilu yonyamula katundu. Koma panthawi ya CNY itatha, akuluakulu amisonkho akugwira ntchito yambiri, zolakwika zamtunduwu zimatha kuyambitsa kuwunika kapena kuwunikanso mtengo.
Kumene Mavuto a Kasitomu Amawonekera Nthawi ya CNY
Otumiza katundu kunja nthawi zambiri safunika kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limayambitsa kuchedwa kwambiri. M'malo mwake, zimachitika chifukwa cha mavuto ang'onoang'ono ambiri omwe amadza. Mu nyengo ya CNY, mavutowa amabwera poonetsetsa kuti zikalata ndi zolondola, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zoopsa zomwe zilipo, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwunika komwe kungachitike.
Katundu asanafike ku Peru, vuto loyamba limayamba kuwonekera. Ngati ogulitsa apereka ma code abodza a HS kapena mitengo yotsika kuti achepetse msonkho, injini za SUNAT zoika pachiwopsezo zimatha kuyimitsa kutumiza kukafika. Izi zikachitika panthawi yowonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa katundu chifukwa cha CNY, fayiloyo imatha kukhala pamzere kwa masiku ambiri pomwe akuluakulu akupempha zambiri, mapepala, kapena ngakhale kuwunika kwa thupi. Ndalama zosungira ndi ndalama zochepetsera msonkho zitha kudya "ndalama" zilizonse zomwe mumapeza polengeza mwankhanza.
Vuto lina ndi zinthu zogulitsa kunja zomwe zimafuna kulamulira kowonjezereka, monga chakudya, zakumwa, ndi zinthu zaulimi zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa pa thanzi kapena ukhondo wa zomera. Musanagule zinthuzi, mungafunike kulembetsa, kuyesedwa ku labu, kapena kupeza satifiketi inayake. Ngati chilichonse mwa izi chikusowa kapena sichili mu mtundu woyenera, bungwe loyang'anira likhoza kusunga ziwiyazo mpaka zitawunikidwanso. Ngati pali mabungwe ambiri omwe akukhudzidwa, kupeza zilolezo zogwirira ntchito limodzi kungakhale kovuta kwambiri panthawi yotanganidwa.
Peru imalipiranso 18% IGV (Impuesto General a las Ventas, yomwe ndi VAT) pa katundu wochokera kunja. Izi zimadalira mtengo wa CIF kuphatikiza misonkho iliyonse yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Panthawi ya CNY, mafunso aliwonse okhudza mtengo, kuchotsera, kapena momwe mungagawire katunduyo angayambitse mikangano pa maziko a IGV. Katundu asanatulutsidwe, kusamvana kumeneku kuyenera kuthetsedwa. Otumiza katundu omwe sangawonetse momwe adapezera mtengo winawake wonenedwa nthawi yomweyo angafunike kudikira kuti katundu wawo atumizidwe mpaka atagwirizana pa mayeso atsopano.
Pomaliza, pali doko lenilenilo. Pambuyo pa CNY, gulu la zombo zochedwa kufika ku Callao kapena Chancay, pamakhala kuchuluka kwa malo, ndipo oyang'anira malo oimikapo magalimoto amafunika kuthana ndi malo ochepa. Zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku onse kuti apeze, kusamutsa, ndikutulutsa makontena, ngakhale ngati makasitomala atumiza katundu mwachangu. Izi zimamveka ngati kudikira kawiri kwa otumiza katundu: choyamba pamisonkhano kenako pa malo oimikapo magalimoto. Kuti mupewe kukhala masiku owonjezera pansi, ndikofunikira kutsata bwino mapepala, kulumikizana kwa broker, ndi kukonza magalimoto akuluakulu.
Kulemba ndi Kutsatira Malamulo: Kupeza Bwino Nthawi Yoyamba
Njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kuchedwa kwa misonkho panthawi ya CNY ndiyonso yosasangalatsa kwambiri: kulemba mapepala anu mosamala kwambiri. Munthawi yomwe aliyense mu unyolo ali ndi changu, wotumiza katundu yemwe amatenga nthawi yake kuti awonetsetse kuti zonse zili bwino komanso zikutsatira malamulo asanafike tchuthi.
Musanayike maoda aliwonse ogulira, ndi bwino kuyang'ana ma code a HS. Zinthu zambiri zochokera ku China, makamaka zamagetsi, zida zosinthira, ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zimatha kulowa m'magulu angapo, chilichonse chili ndi malamulo akeake komanso mitengo yake. Ngati mukugwirizana ndi code yoyenera ya HS ndi broker wanu wa kasitomu ku Peru pasadakhale, idzaonetsetsa kuti ma invoice a bizinesi yanu, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, ndi zilengezo za kasitomu zonse zikugwirizana kuyambira pachiyambi.
Kuchuluka kwa tsatanetsatane mu invoice yamalonda ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mawu monga "chipangizo chamagetsi" kapena "chinthu chapulasitiki" omwe ndi ofala kwambiri ndi chenjezo. Kuchotsera kumachitika bwino kwambiri ndipo chiopsezo chomwe chikuwoneka chimatsika ngati pali tsatanetsatane, manambala a mtundu, ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Invoice yokonzedwa bwino ingatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa kupeza magetsi obiriwira okha ndi kulipira kuti muwone ngati CNY ikubwera ndipo oyang'anira kasitomu ali ndi nthawi yochepa.
Malamulo a ku Peru ayeneranso kugwira ntchito pa ziphaso zosonyeza kuti katundu wanu wachokera ku kampani ndi wotsatira malamulo. Ngati katundu wanu walandira chitetezo chapadera cha msonkho pansi pa mgwirizano wamalonda, zolakwika pa mapepala oyambira zingakuwonongereni ndalama zambiri. Kasitomu angakane zomwe akufuna ndikulipiritsa misonkho yonse, kapena angasunge katunduyo mpaka atapatsidwa satifiketi yosinthidwa. Simukufuna kukhala ndi mkangano uwu pamene sitima zambiri zikubwera pambuyo pa CNY.
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa mapepala ofunikira ndi zoopsa zapadera zomwe zikuipiraipira nthawi yonse ya CNY.
| Ndemanga | Cholinga Chachikulu | Chiwopsezo cha Nyengo ya CNY ngati simunakonzekere bwino |
|---|---|---|
| Chilengezo cha Katundu wa Kasitomu (DAM/DUA) | Kupereka koyamba ku SUNAT, kulengeza mtundu, mtengo, ndi komwe katunduyo anachokera. | Kusasankhidwa bwino kapena kusakwanira kwa magawo kumayambitsa ndemanga, zomwe zimachedwetsa kuchotsedwa kwa malo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu. |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Tsatanetsatane wa zinthu, mitengo, ndi nthawi yogulitsira. | Mafotokozedwe osamveka bwino kapena mitengo yosagwirizana imabweretsa mikangano yowerengera mtengo komanso mwayi wokwera wowunikira. |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Imafotokoza kuchuluka, kulemera, ndi tsatanetsatane wa phukusi. | Kusiyana kwa katundu kapena katundu weniweni kumabweretsa macheke ena kapena kuyezanso kulemera kwake. |
| Bill of Lading / AWB | Umboni wa galimoto ndi umwini wake. | Kutulutsidwa mochedwa kapena kusintha zinthu kumavuta kupereka katundu wa kasitomu, makamaka ngati nthawi yoperekera katunduyo yasintha mozungulira CNY. |
| Zikalata (Chiyambi, Kutsatira Malamulo, Zaumoyo, ndi zina zotero) | Onetsani kuti mukutsatira zomwe mukufuna pamitengo kapena malamulo aukadaulo. | Zikalata zosoweka kapena zolakwika zimaletsa kuloledwa kwa katundu wokhudzidwa ndipo zingalepheretse mitengo yokwera. |
Katundu Wosavuta Kuzindikira Nthawi: Zokolola Zatsopano, Zamagetsi, ndi Malonda Apaintaneti
Si katundu yense amene amakhudzidwa ndi mavuto a misonkho okhudzana ndi CNY mofanana. Mitundu ina ya katundu imatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe imakhalapo, kangati kamasintha, kapena zomwe makasitomala amafuna.
Zakudya ndi zinthu zaulimi zomwe ziyenera kusungidwa zatsopano komanso kutentha koyenera sizingakhale padoko kwa nthawi yayitali. Peru imadziwika kuti imatumiza zipatso monga mabulosi abuluu ndi ma avocado ku China, koma mabizinesi ena aku Peru amagulanso zakudya, mankhwala, ndi ma phukusi kuchokera ku Asia. Tsiku lililonse lowonjezera lomwe katunduyu amathera m'bwalo lodzaza anthu kapena pansi pa malamulo a msonkho limapangitsa kuti chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka, madandaulo abwino, ndi mikangano ya inshuwaransi chiwonjezeke kwambiri. Doko latsopano la Chancay lapangitsa kuti zombo ziyende mwachangu komanso mwachindunji pakati pa China ndi Peru. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi yomwe zimatenga kuti zombo zikafike komwe zikupita, koma zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri kuti chilolezo cha msonkho chikhale chokonzeka kutumizidwa sitimayo ikangofika.
Zipangizo zamagetsi, zovala, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakonda kwambiri pakali pano zili pachiwopsezo china. Nyengo kapena machitidwe akasintha, mtengo wake umatsika mofulumira. Kutumiza zida zamagetsi zomwe zimachedwa kwa milungu itatu chifukwa cha mavuto a misonkho ndi magalimoto pa Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China kungalepheretse kugulitsa kwambiri kapena kugonjetsedwa ndi mitundu yatsopano. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale mitengo ndi misonkho zitalipidwa bwino, mwayi wamalonda watha kale.
Ma phukusi a e-commerce odutsa malire amatha kukhala ovuta chifukwa nthawi zambiri amalengezedwa motsatira njira zosavuta kapena kuphatikiza zinthu zambiri. Pamene maoda akukwera pafupifupi Chaka Chatsopano cha China, mwina chifukwa cha maoda asanachitike tchuthi kapena kudzazanso zinthu pambuyo pa tchuthi, ophatikiza ndi ogwira ntchito kumapeto kwa ulendo ayenera kuthana ndi kutumiza kochepa kwambiri. Kasitomu amatha kuchepetsa kapena kuyimitsa kutumiza konse ngati deta siili bwino, ngati kuti dzina la wolandirayo silikudziwika kapena mafotokozedwe a malonda ndi ambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogulitsa ali ndi madandaulo okhudza ntchito ndi kukakamizidwa kuti abweze ndalama, makamaka pamene makasitomala azolowera kutumiza mwachangu.
Kukonzekera Mwanzeru: Kupanga Kalendala Yotumiza Zinthu Yosavomerezeka ndi CNY
Chifukwa cha nkhawa zimenezi, ena otumiza kunja amaganiza kuti njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli ndi "kupewa CNY konse." Koma kwa mabizinesi ambiri omwe amadalira ogulitsa aku China, izi sizingatheke. Kupanga kalendala yosagonjetsedwa ndi CNY yomwe imayembekezera mavuto ndikuwonjezera zotetezera pagawo lililonse ndiyo njira yanzeru kwambiri.
Njira yabwino yokonzekera ndikuyamba ndi tsiku lomwe muyenera kukhala mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Peru ndikugwira ntchito yobwerera. Choyamba, dziwani nthawi yomwe zinthu ziyenera kupezeka kuti zigulitsidwe kapena kupanga. Kenako, onjezerani nthawi yeniyeni yoyendera magalimoto amkati, kuchotsa katundu wakunja, kusamalira doko, ndi mayendedwe apanyanja. Mukakhazikitsa maziko amenewo, onjezani magawo a CNY pamwamba pake ndikusintha masiku omwe mumagula ngati pakufunika. Pazinthu zofunika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomveka kukweza masiku otumizira ndi milungu ingapo, ngakhale zitatanthauza kunyamula katundu wowonjezera kwakanthawi.
Ndikofunikanso kwambiri kulankhulana ndi ogulitsa. Opanga ambiri amauza makasitomala awo za mapulani awo otseka CNY miyezi ingapo pasadakhale. Mapulani awa akuphatikizapo masiku omaliza ooda ndi masiku omaliza otumizira. Ogulitsa kunja omwe amalowa nawo mwachangu akhoza kukhala patsogolo pa nthawi yopangira kapena nthawi yotsegulira zinthu mwachangu. Anthu omwe amadikira mpaka Januwale kuti afunse kuchuluka kwa zinthu nthawi zambiri amadikira mpaka tchuthi chitatha kuti alandire maoda awo.
Musanayambe CNY, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi broker wanu wa kasitomu ndi wotumiza katundu ku Peru kuti muwonetsetse kuti aliyense ali ndi mfundo imodzi. Kuwadziwitsa kuchuluka kwa katundu amene mukuyembekezera komanso nthawi yomwe mukufuna kuti afike kumawathandiza kukonzekera antchito, kugawa magalimoto, komanso ndalama zolipirira misonkho ndi ndalama. Aliyense amene ali mu unyolowu akadziwa ma SKU anu ofunikira kwambiri komanso nthawi yomaliza, akhoza kutsimikiza kuti amaliza nthawi yomweyo.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito FCL, LCL, ndi Njira Zosankha Panthawi ya CNY
Pa Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China, malire a kuchuluka kwa katundu samangotanthauza ngati katundu wanu akuyenda, komanso momwe amayendera. Mutha kusankha pakati pa katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) ndi katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe (LCL), kapena pakati pa njira zolunjika ndi zotumizira. Zosankhazi zingakhudze chiopsezo cha misonkho komanso kudalirika kwa nthawi yanu.
Kutumiza kwa FCL nthawi zambiri kumakupatsani ulamuliro wowonjezereka. Popeza chidebecho ndi cha munthu mmodzi yekha, zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira katunduyo ndikudzaza mapepalawo. Kasitomu ku Peru angayang'ane kulengeza momveka bwino, kwa chipani chimodzi, komwe nthawi zambiri kumathandizira kuti zinthu zibwezeretsedwe mwachangu. Munthawi ya CNY yokwera, onyamula katundu amakondanso kuyika patsogolo kusungitsa kwa FCL chifukwa kumakhala kosavuta kusamalira komanso kupanga ndalama zambiri.
Kugwirizanitsa katundu ndi LCL ndikotsika mtengo pa katundu wochepa, koma kumakhala ndi zida zambiri zosunthira. Ngati mapepala a wotumizayo ndi olakwika, chidebe chonsecho chikhoza kunyamulidwa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa katundu wochokera kwa otumiza osiyanasiyana amayikidwa m'bokosi limodzi. Njira zogwirizanitsa katundu ndi kugawa katundu zimawonjezeranso nthawi isananyamuke komanso itatha. Pamene malo osungiramo katundu ndi malo osungira katundu ali odzaza kapena opanda antchito ambiri panthawi ya CNY, njirazi zimatha kukhala mavuto okha.
Popeza doko la Chancay ku Peru lakula ngati njira yatsopano yolumikizirana mwachindunji ndi Asia, kusankha njira yoyenera kwakhala kofunika kwambiri pazandale. Ntchito zolunjika pakati pa China ndi Peru kudzera ku Chancay ndi njira zina zabwino zachepetsa nthawi yoyendera panyanja kwambiri ndipo ndalama zoyendera ndi zoposa 20% nthawi zina. Izi zapangitsa Peru kukhala malo olimba ku Pacific. Koma kuyenda panyanja mwachangu kumafupikitsanso nthawi yoyendetsera zinthu: ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwinozi, zilengezo, zilolezo, ndi malangizo a broker ayenera kupezeka posachedwa.
Kuwonekera kwa Digito ndi Kukonzekera kwa Misonkho Yoyendetsedwa ndi Deta
Deta yabwino imakhala yofunika kwambiri mu nyengo ya CNY chifukwa zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Otumiza katundu ochokera kunja omwe amagwiritsabe ntchito ma spreadsheet ndi maimelo ofalikira akhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yovuta kuyankha sitima zikasinthidwa nthawi, mapepala amafunika kukonzedwa, kapena mafunso okhudza kasitomu angabuke mwadzidzidzi.
Otumiza katundu ndi ma broker amatha kusankha bwino mafayilo oyenera kutumiza kaye pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonera kutumiza zomwe zimasunga zochitika kuyambira pachipata cha fakitale kupita ku doko, kuchoka kwa sitima, kusamutsa katundu, ndi kufika. Onyamula katundu akalengeza ETA yatsopano yomwe imaganizira kuchedwa kwa CNY, gulu la kasitomu likhoza kusintha mwachangu dongosolo lomwe amaperekera ndi kulipira misonkho.
Deta yokonzedwa bwino ya ma mapu a HS ndi makatalogu azinthu imathandizanso. Zimakhala zosavuta kupanga mabilu ndi zilengezo za bizinesi zofanana pamene ma code azinthu, mafotokozedwe, ndi malo amitengo zonse zili zofanana mu dongosolo lapakati. Otumiza kunja angagwiritse ntchito matempulo otsimikizika kale omwe akwaniritsa miyezo ya kasitomu ya ku Peru m'malo mongolembanso chilichonse ndikuyika pachiwopsezo cholakwitsa panthawi yovuta.
Ena otumiza katundu kunja amapita patsogolo pobwerezanso momwe adakhalira ndi mtengo wolowera m'dziko asanafike CNY. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowonera momwe kusintha kwa mitengo yonyamula katundu, njira zoyendera, ndi mitengo ya msonkho kudzakhudzira phindu. Izi zimawalola kusankha ngati afulumizitse kutumiza kwina, kuimitsa zina mpaka CNY itakwera, kapena kugawa katunduyo m'njira zosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, pang'ono). katundu wonyamulira kwa ma SKU amtengo wapatali komanso katundu wapanyanja kwa ena onse). Izi ndi zisankho zamabizinesi, koma zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi misonkho chifukwa kuwerengera msonkho ndi IGV kumadalira ndalama zonyamula katundu ndi inshuwalansi zomwe zidawululidwa pakutumiza kunja.
Momwe Kutumiza ku Topway Kumakuthandizireni Kuyendetsa CNY ndi Peru Customs
Mukakhala ndi mnzanu wothandizana naye pankhani yokhudza zinthu zomwe zimafunika kudziwa ku China komanso komwe mukupita ndipo mwazolowera kuthandiza makasitomala kuthana ndi mavuto a Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China, njira zonsezi zimakhala zosavuta. Apa ndi pomwe Topway Shipping ingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu.
Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira mauthenga kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pa ntchito zotumizira mauthenga padziko lonse lapansi komanso zochotsera misonkho, makamaka ku China ndi United States. Chidziwitso chimenecho, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kuthana ndi njira zovuta zamalonda, nthawi yomaliza yotumizira katundu, komanso makonda ovuta kutsatira malamulo, ndi chothandiza kwambiri m'makonde atsopano monga China-Peru ndi Latin America yonse.
Ntchito za Topway zikuphatikizapo chilichonse kuyambira gawo loyamba la mayendedwe ku China—kutenga katundu m'mafakitale, kulumikizana kwa misonkho yotumizira kunja, ndi kusungitsa malo panthawi ya CNY—mpaka kunyanja. kuwuza, chilolezo cha msonkho kumbali yopita, ndi kutumiza katundu mtunda womaliza. Mawonekedwe awa kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto ndi othandiza makamaka kwa ogulitsa ochokera ku Peru omwe angafunike kuphatikiza ntchito kuchokera kumakampani angapo ndikuyembekeza kuti chidziwitso chikuyenda bwino pakati pawo.
Topway ili ndi njira zosinthika zonyamula katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) ndi katundu wocheperako kuposa chidebe (LCL) zonyamula katundu wapamadzi kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kuzungulira CNY, kusinthasintha kumeneko ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mungafunike kusintha mwachangu pakati pa FCL ndi LCL kuti mupeze malo, kapena kusintha njira yanu kuti mugwiritse ntchito madoko atsopano monga Chancay pamene mukutha kufika ku zipata zazikulu monga Callao. Topway ingakuthandizeni kukhazikitsa dongosolo lotumizira katundu lomwe limaphatikiza mtengo, liwiro, ndi chitetezo cholamulira poonetsetsa kuti njira yanu yotumizira katundu ikugwirizana ndi zolinga zanu zamtengo wapatali komanso nthawi yoyendera.
Topway ili ndi chidziwitso chochuluka pazochitika zovuta za kasitomu, kotero imadziwa momwe ingagwirire ntchito limodzi ndi ma broker am'deralo, kuyang'anira kusintha kwa malamulo, ndikuwunikanso zikalata kutumiza kusanachitike. Pamene SUNAT ili yotanganidwa kwambiri, izi zitha kutanthauza kulengeza bwino, kuchepetsa zodabwitsa zomwe zingachitike mphindi yomaliza, komanso njira yosavuta yopitira katundu ku Peru. Otumiza katundu kunja amathanso kuyika zinthu m'malo ofunikira kuti athetse kukwera kwa mitengo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha CNY ndi nyengo zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta, komanso njira zina zosungiramo katundu zakunja.
Kutsiliza
Ogulitsa kunja omwe amadalira China ngati msika waukulu nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mavuto pa Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China. Peru ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa malonda ndi China akukulirakulirabe ndipo zomangamanga zatsopano monga doko la Chancay zikusintha momwe malonda amagwirira ntchito ku Pacific. Njira zazifupi zapanyanja, zombo zazikulu, ndi mautumiki ena olunjika ndi zabwino kwambiri, koma zitha kuwonjezera ngozi ngati anthu osagwiritsa ntchito katundu sakukonzekera ntchito yowonjezera.
Anthu omwe amakonzekera CNY m'malo moyesa "kuipitirira" ndi omwe amapambana kwambiri pankhaniyi. Amadziwa zomwe zimachitika nthawi iliyonse ya tchuthi komanso momwe zimakhudzira magalimoto pamadoko ndi kusintha kwa nthawi. Amakonzekera mosamala mapepala, amafufuza ma HS code, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapepala awo amalonda akwaniritsa miyezo ya SUNAT. Amabwera ndi mapulani enieni azinthu zomwe zimaganizira mtengo wosungira katundu ndi chiopsezo chotha kapena kuti katunduyo asathe.
Chofunika kwambiri, sayesa kuthana ndi zonsezi okha. Ogulitsa kunja angaphatikize ntchito zoyamba ku China ndi kukonzekera bwino kwa misonkho ku Peru, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthika za FCL/LCL, ndikutsata zomwe atumiza kuyambira pakupanga mpaka kutumizidwa komaliza pogwira ntchito ndi makampani odziwa bwino ntchito zonyamula katundu monga Topway Shipping. M'dziko lomwe tchuthi chimodzi ku Asia chingakhudze madoko ku Peru, kulumikizana koteroko sikulinso kwapamwamba; ndikofunikira kwambiri pamalonda omwe angapulumuke ndikupambana.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China chimasintha malamulo a Peru okhudza zinthu zochokera ku China?
A: Malamulo a kasitomu ku Peru sasintha pa Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China. Chaka chonse, SUNAT imagwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwewo, nthawi ya msonkho, ndi malamulo a mapepala. Pa nthawi ya CNY, kuchuluka ndi nthawi zimasintha: zombo zambiri zimabwera nthawi yochepa, ndipo mafayilo ambiri amakhudza machitidwe a chiopsezo cha kasitomu nthawi imodzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zolakwika zilizonse mu ma code a HS, mitengo, kapena mapepala zikhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu. Kapangidwe ka malamulo ndi kofanana kaya mapepala anu ndi oyera komanso okonzeka pasadakhale kapena ayi; koma, ngati ndi ofooka, pali mwayi waukulu wochedwa panthawi ya CNY komanso pambuyo pake.
Q: Kodi ndiyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale bwanji kutumiza katundu wopita ku Peru kuti ndipewe kuchulukana kwa CNY?
Yankho: Lamulo labwino ndi kukonzekera pasadakhale pasanathe miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kukonza zinthu zomwe ziyenera kufika ku Peru CNY isanafike kapena itangotha kumapeto kwa Okutobala kapena Novembala. Kuti muchepetse mwayi woti zinthu zibwererenso komanso kusintha nthawi, muyenera kuyesa kutumiza katundu wofunikira milungu inayi tchuthi chisanafike. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwasiya nthawi yowonjezera ku Peru kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira zoyendetsera kasitomu ndi doko ngati sitimayo yachedwa.
Q: Ndi zikalata ziti zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti msonkho wa msonkho ku Peru uchotsedwe bwino panthawi ya CNY?
Yankho: Zikalata zonse zofunika ndizofunikira, koma zitatu ndizofunikira kwambiri nthawi ya CNY yotanganidwa: invoice yolondola yamalonda yokhala ndi ma code olondola a HS ndi mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane azinthu; mndandanda wolongedza womwe umagwirizana ndi bilu ya katundu ndi katundu weniweni; ndi Customs Merchandise Declaration (DAM/DUA) yolembedwa bwino ndi broker wanu. Zikalata zoyambira ndi zilolezo zilizonse zazinthu (za chakudya, mankhwala, mankhwala, ndi zina zotero) ndizofunikira chimodzimodzi, popeza zikalata zomwe zasowa kapena zolakwika nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti katunduyo asungidwe.
Q: Kodi kutumiza kwa FCL kuli kotetezeka kwambiri kuposa LCL mu nyengo ya CNY?
Yankho: "Safer" ndi mawu ofanana, komabe kutumiza kwa FCL nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zida zochepa zosunthika. Ma customs ndi ma terminals amangofunika kuchita ndi chilengezo chimodzi ndi chipani chimodzi pamene katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe ukugwirizana ndi wotumiza m'modzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino nthawi zambiri. Kuphatikiza kwa LCL kumakhala kotsika mtengo pa katundu wochepa, komanso kumakuwonetsani khalidwe la otumiza nawo. Ngati wotumiza wina m'chidebe chomwecho ali ndi vuto ndi mapepala awo kapena kutsatira malamulo, bokosi lonselo likhoza kuchedwa. Kudalira kwambiri kumeneku kungakhale nkhawa yayikulu panthawi ya CNY, pamene madoko ndi ma customs onse ali otanganidwa.
Q: Kodi doko latsopano la Chancay lasintha momwe ndiyenera kuganizira za chiopsezo cha kasitomu?
Yankho: Chancay nthawi zambiri imakhudza momwe sitima zingayendere mwachangu komanso mwachindunji pakati pa China ndi Peru. Izi zimapangitsa kuti njira zina zikhale zofulumira komanso zotsika mtengo. Payokha, sizisintha malamulo kapena mapepala omwe makasitomala amafunikira. Koma kuwoloka mwachangu kumatanthauza kuti pali "nthawi yochepa" pakati pa kuchoka ndi kufika kuti akonze mavuto a mapepala. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumaliza kulemba zikalata, zilolezo, ndi ziphaso musananyamuke ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki achindunji a Chancay. Izi zithandiza kuti makasitomala azitha kukonza katunduyo mwachangu katundu akafika.
Q: Kodi mnzathu wothandizana ndi zinthu monga Topway Shipping angandithandize bwanji panthawi ya CNY?
A: Mnzake monga Topway Shipping ali ndi chidziwitso cha China komanso amatha kuwona ndikugwirizanitsa unyolo wonse wazinthu kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo kupeza malo m'zombo pamene palibe zambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zombo zonyamula katundu m'fakitale zikuchitika panthawi yoyenera kuti zigwirizane ndi nthawi yoyendera, komanso kuwunikanso zikalata pasadakhale kuti apewe zodabwitsa ku kasitomu ku Peru. Mayankho awo osinthika a FCL/LCL ndi zosankha zawo zosungiramo katundu zakunja zimakulolani kusintha njira yanu paulendo, kufulumizitsa kutumiza kwina, kuphatikiza zina, ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa ntchito zanu ku Peru ngakhale intaneti yapadziko lonse lapansi ili pansi pamavuto a nyengo.
