Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey: Mlatho Pakati pa Asia ndi EU Customs Union
Introduction
Turkey ili m'gulu la malo osazolowereka kwambiri pa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Ili m'makontinenti awiri, imafika panyanja zitatu, ndipo kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990 yakhala ikugwira ntchito mkati mwa mgwirizano wa misonkho ndi European Union pazinthu zamafakitale. Kwa wogulitsa kunja ku Shenzhen, Ningbo kapena Qingdao, kuphatikiza kumeneko kumatanthauza kuti katundu wochokera ku Turkey si katundu wongotumizidwa ku Turkey. Ikhoza kukhala kutumiza katundu kuchokera kwa ogula kupita ku msika, kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku fakitale kupita ku fakitale, kusamukira ku Balkans kapena Black Sea, kapena gawo loyamba la njira yayitali yopita ku Europe ndi Middle East. Kwa wogulitsa kunja ku Turkey, China ikadali imodzi mwa magwero akuluakulu a makina, zamagetsi, zida ndi zinthu zomalizidwa, ndichifukwa chake njira yopita ku China kupita ku Turkey imayenera kukonzekera kwambiri kuposa mtengo umodzi wopita ku doko kupita ku doko.
Njirayi ikuyendanso mwachangu pakali pano. Pofika kumapeto kwa Seputembala 2026, mizere ya makontena ikubweretsanso ntchito kudzera mu Suez Canal. Bungwe la Suez Canal Authority linanena kuti kuchuluka kwa magalimoto onyamula makontena m'miyezi isanu ndi itatu yoyambirira ya 2026 kunali kokwera ndi 54.2% kuposa chaka chapitacho, ndipo COSCO Shipping Lines idamaliza ulendo wake woyamba wopita kum'mwera kwa Suez kuyambira pomwe vuto la Red Sea linayamba pa Seputembala 16. Nthawi yomweyo, Turkey yathetsa kuchotsera kwapakhomo kwa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono a pa intaneti, ikupitilizabe kuyendetsa njira zowunikira katundu wambiri, ndipo yawona lamulo la gulu la WTO mu Julayi motsutsana ndi msonkho wake wowonjezera wa 40% pa magalimoto amagetsi aku China. Mitengo ya m'nyanja ku Istanbul yakhala yokhazikika kwambiri nthawi yonse yachilimwe, komabe chiopsezo cha geopolitical kuzungulira Red Sea ndi Strait of Hormuz chimasunga mtengo uliwonse wokhazikika.
Bukuli lalembedwa kwa ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja, oyang'anira zogula katundu, ogulitsa ochokera m'malire ndi ogula katundu omwe akufuna nkhani yeniyeni. Limafotokoza momwe bungwe la kasitomu limagwirira ntchito pazinthu zochokera ku China, momwe mitengo yamakono ndi nthawi yoyendera zinthu zimawonekera, momwe mungasankhire pakati pa nyanja, mpweya, sitima ndi zoyendera mwachangu, njira ya ku Turkey yomwe ikugwirizana ndi katundu, momwe misonkho, VAT ndi zowongolera zaukadaulo zimakhalira, komanso komwe kutumiza nthawi zambiri kumalakwika. Panjira, likuwonetsa momwe chotumizira chathunthu monga Topway Shipping chimayandikira msewu. Mitengo yomwe yatchulidwa ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza zomwe zachokera ku magwero amsika ofalitsidwa mu Julayi ndi Ogasiti 2026 ndipo si zopereka. Nthawi zonse pemphani mtengo watsopano wokhala ndi chitsimikizo cha milungu iwiri kapena itatu musanapereke.
Chifukwa Chake Turkey Ndi Malo Osiyana Kwambiri
Zimene Bungwe la Customs Union limaphimba
Bungwe la EU-Turkey Customs Union limaphimba katundu wa mafakitale ndi zinthu zaulimi zokonzedwa. Turkey imagwiritsa ntchito Common External Tariff ya EU pazinthu zakunja zamakampani ochokera kumayiko ena, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mitengo ya msonkho pa katundu waku China wolowa ku Turkey imafanana kwambiri ndi zomwe katundu yemweyo angakumane nazo polowa ku Germany kapena Italy. Katundu woyenda momasuka m'dera limodzi nthawi zambiri amatha kusamukira kwina popanda misonkho ina ya msonkho, mothandizidwa ndi satifiketi ya A.TR. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake Turkey imagwira ntchito ngati mlatho. Katundu waku China akangovomerezedwa bwino ndipo misonkho yalipidwa, akhoza kukhala ndi njira yosavuta yolowera m'misika ya EU kuposa momwe kulowetsa mwachindunji kwa mayiko ena kungakhalire, bola ngati malamulo ochokera kumayiko ena ndi njira zilizonse zodzitetezera zamalonda za EU zilemekezedwa.
Kugwirizana kumeneku kumakhudzanso kutsatira malamulo. Turkey ikutsatira malamulo aukadaulo a EU, kotero kuyika chizindikiro cha CE, kuyesa chitetezo cha zinthu ndi malamulo olembera zilembo si nkhani yongolemba chabe. Zipangizo zamagetsi, zoseweretsa, makina, zodzoladzola, zida zamagetsi ndi zinthu zambiri zogulira zimafunikira umboni wogwirizana ndi malamulowo, ndipo akuluakulu aku Turkey amafufuza izi kudzera mu njira yokhazikika pachiwopsezo yotchedwa TAREKS. Wogulitsa yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito kutumiza kumisika ndi zikalata zopepuka nthawi zambiri amadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe mbali ya Turkey ikupempha.
Kwa ogula katundu, zotsatira zake ndi zakuti katunduyo amayamba kale chidebe chisanakwezedwe. Ma invoice amalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, zikalata ndi magulu a HS ziyenera kukhala zoyenera kuyambira pomwe zidayamba, chifukwa kuzikonza pambuyo poti sitimayo yayenda pang'onopang'ono, zimakhala zodula komanso nthawi zina sizingatheke.
Zimene Sizikuphimba
Mgwirizano wa kasitomu si mgwirizano wamalonda waulere ndi China. Katundu waku China amagwera m'gulu la mayiko ena aku Turkey m'malo molandira mitengo yabwino, ndipo ulimi, malasha ndi zitsulo zili kunja kwa mgwirizano ndipo zimayendetsedwa ndi makonzedwe osiyana. Turkey imagwiritsanso ntchito zida zake zodzitetezera pamalonda, kotero njira zotsutsana ndi kutaya ndi kuteteza zinthu zina zaku China zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa msonkho wamba, ndipo misonkho yowonjezera ya kasitomu imakhudza magulu ambiri ochokera ku China monga mipando, nsalu ndi zovala, ndi zinthu zapulasitiki.
Chifukwa chake, chiwongola dzanja chachikulu patebulo la msonkho ndiye poyambira. Kusanthula kwa 2026 kwa ogulitsa kunja kukuwonetsa kuti VAT ikayikidwa pamwamba pa msonkho ndi misonkho yowonjezera, msonkho weniweni pa katundu wochokera ku China ukhoza kufika pa 30 mpaka 60 peresenti ya mtengo wa CIF m'magulu ena azinthu. Kuwerengera kulikonse kwa mtengo wolowera komwe kumayima pa mtengo wa katundu sikukwanira.
Chithunzi Chaching'ono Cha Msika wa 2026: Mitengo, Njira ndi Zoopsa
Mitengo Yonyamula Katundu ku Turkey
Ziwerengero zomwe zinafalitsidwa mu Ogasiti 2026 zinayika FCL yochokera ku China kupita ku Istanbul pa $1,314 mpaka $1,606 pa chidebe cha mamita 20 ndi $2,295 mpaka $2,805 pa chidebe cha mamita 40, zomwe sizinasinthe kuyambira Julayi. Kukhazikika kumeneko kukuwonekera bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mitengo yopita ku North Europe inakwera ndi zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pambuyo poti makampani oyendetsa ndege adakweza ndalama zowonjezera nyengo yachilimwe, ndipo mitengo ya Gulf inakwera pa chiopsezo cha Strait of Hormuz. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka, Xeneta inanena kuti mitengo ya mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali pakati pa Far East ndi Mediterranean inatsika kufika pa $2,308 pa FEU iliyonse mu Januwale, mlingo wotsika kwambiri kuyambira 2023, kotero ogulitsa omwe akuchita malonda awa akhala ndi msika wofewa kwa nthawi yayitali ya 2026.
Si mitengo yonse yomwe ingafanane ndi mitengo imeneyo. Ma board ena operekera mitengo mu Julayi adawonetsa kuti Istanbul ndi Mersin zinali pa $2,350 pa mtunda wa mamita 20 ndi $3,350 pa mtunda wa mamita 40 kuchokera ku South China, pomwe Aliaga, Izmit, Gebze ndi Gemlik anali okwera pang'ono ndipo Antalya anali okweranso. Kusiyana kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumabwera ndi zinthu zitatu: ngati mtengowo umaphatikizapo komwe umachokera komanso komwe ukupita, kaya ukuwonetsa mgwirizano wa carrier kapena malo ogawa, komanso kuti ndi port pair iti yomwe ikugulitsidwa. Yerekezerani mitengo mzere ndi mzere osati ndi nambala ya mutu.
| mafashoni | Mtengo wosonyeza (Ogasiti 2026) | Mayendedwe achizolowezi | zolemba |
| Nyanja FCL 20GP kupita ku Istanbul | $ 1,314 mpaka $ 1,606 pa chidebe chilichonse | Masiku 20 mpaka 26 olowera ku doko | Magwero ena amanena kuti masiku 23 mpaka 35 apita kutengera njira yoyendetsera |
| Nyanja FCL 40GP/40HQ kupita ku Istanbul | $ 2,295 mpaka $ 2,805 pa chidebe chilichonse | Masiku 20 mpaka 26 olowera ku doko | Mwezi umodzi ndi umodzi; Mersin nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mitengo yofanana |
| Nyanja LCL | Pafupifupi $38 pa cbm benchmark; $50 mpaka $90 m'mawu ena | Nthawi ya FCL kuphatikiza masiku ophatikizana | Imayikidwa pa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu kapena kulemera |
| Zonyamula ndege | Pafupifupi $6.20 pa kilogalamu; $4 mpaka $26 potengera kuchuluka ndi kufunika kwake | Masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri kuphatikiza misonkho | Kuloledwa kwa eyapoti ku Istanbul ndi kokhwima pa zikalata |
| Express courier | Pafupifupi $14 pa kg; $8 mpaka $15 m'mitengo ina | Masiku 3 mpaka 5 khomo ndi khomo | Zabwino kwambiri pa zitsanzo ndi maphukusi ang'onoang'ono ofunikira mwachangu |
| Njanji (mamita 40) | Pafupifupi $7,110 mpaka $8,690 mu benchmark imodzi | Masiku 15 mpaka 25 enieni kudzera mu Middle Corridor | Ma quotes ena amalengeza nthawi yochepa; Caspian crossing imawonjezera kusiyana |
Inshuwalansi ya katundu wa m'madzi nthawi zambiri imawonjezera 0.3% mpaka 0.5% ya mtengo wa katundu, chiwerengero chochepa poyerekeza ndi kuwonongeka komwe imachotsa. Nthawi zambiri imaphimba kutayika konse ndi kuwonongeka kwa ngozi koma nthawi zambiri imachotsa kulongedza kosakwanira ndi kutayika kokhudzana ndi kuchedwa, kotero iyenera kuonedwa ngati gawo limodzi la dongosolo la zoopsa osati dongosolo lonse.
Suez, Nyanja Yofiira ndi Hormuz: Chomwe Chasintha Mwezi Uno
Kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu, ntchito zambiri za ku Asia kupita ku Mediterranean ndi ku Asia kupita ku Europe zinkayenda kuzungulira Cape of Good Hope. Makontena ambiri ochokera ku China kupita ku Turkey amayendera ku Asia kupita ku Mediterranean komwe kumafika ku Port Said, Piraeus ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto ku Turkey, kotero funso la Suez limakhudza mwachindunji nthawi yoyendera komanso kudalirika kwa nthawi. Seputembala 2026 linabweretsa mayendedwe omveka bwino. Maersk ndi Hapag-Lloyd adalengeza kuti ntchito zina zinayi za Gemini Cooperation, AE5, AE11, AE12 ndi ME2, zisintha kuchoka ku Cape kupita ku Suez, ndikulowa nawo AE15 ndi AE19, ndipo njira imodzi yotsatirira makampani idayika kukhazikika kwa njira za Red Sea pa 27% mwezi uno.
Machenjezo awiri akugwira ntchito. Kubwerera ku Suez kumadula pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena itatu kuchokera ku Asia kupita ku Europe poyerekeza ndi njira ya Cape, koma sitima zomwe zidatenga njira yaifupi zikafika nthawi yomweyo ndi sitima zomwe zidatenga njira yayitali, malo oimikapo sitima za ku Mediterranean amatha kuwona kuchulukana kwa milungu ingapo ndipo nthawi yoikika ingasinthe. Chenjezo lachiwiri ndilakuti chiopsezo sichinathe. Nkhondo pafupi ndi khomo lakum'mwera la Nyanja Yofiira ikupitirira, zonyamula anthu zikugwiritsa ntchito Suez mosankha osati monsemonse, ndipo makampani a inshuwaransi ali ndi zofunikira zolimba.
Kupsinjika kwa Hormuz ndi malo osiyana opanikizika. Ili ndi mitengo yotsika pa malonda a Gulf ndipo imatha kulowa m'malo osungiramo katundu ndi malo ena owopsa chifukwa cha nkhondo. Yankho lothandiza ndi losavuta: funsani wotumiza wanu kuti ndi malingaliro ati oyendetsera ndi owonjezera omwe ali kumbuyo kwa mtengo, ndipo pangani chotetezera cha masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri mu lonjezo lililonse lotumiza lomwe mumapereka kwa makasitomala anu.
Kusankha Njira Yoyenera: Nyanja, Mpweya, Sitima ndi Express
Palibe njira yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pa msewu uwu. Kusankha koyenera kumadalira kuchuluka kwa katundu, kuchuluka kwa mtengo, nthawi yomaliza yomwe mukugwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa kusiyanasiyana komwe katundu wanu angatenge. Gome ili pansipa limapereka poyambira, ndipo magawo omwe ali pambuyo pake akufotokoza chifukwa chomwe chilimbikitso chilichonse chilili.
| Mkhalidwe wa katundu | Njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwika bwino | chifukwa |
| Ma pallets kapena makatoni odzaza pamwamba pa 13 mpaka 15 cbm | Nyanja FCL | Mtengo wa chidebe chosalala umachepetsa mtengo pa unit iliyonse ndipo chisindikizocho chimakhalabe chokhazikika kuyambira fakitale mpaka ku Turkey |
| Magalimoto osakanikirana kapena ang'onoang'ono a 1 mpaka 12 cbm | Nyanja LCL | Mumalipira malo okha omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, posinthana ndi nthawi yowonjezera yosamalira ndi kuphatikiza |
| Zamagetsi zamtengo wapatali kapena kubwezeretsanso nthawi | Zonyamula ndege | Masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri kuchokera pamene inayamba kutulutsidwa, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri pa kilogalamu imodzi. |
| Zitsanzo, zida zosinthira, maoda ang'onoang'ono ofulumira | Express courier | Kupereka chithandizo ndi kutsata khomo ndi khomo; tsatirani malamulo okhudza kuwerengera mtengo ndi ntchito |
| Katundu wapakati wofunika kutumizidwa mwachangu kuposa panyanja | Sitima yodutsa Middle Corridor | Pafupifupi theka la maulendo apanyanja panjira zina pamtengo pakati pa nyanja ndi mpweya |
Zonyamula Panyanja: FCL ndi LCL
Katundu wa panyanja akadali msana wa malonda a China ku Turkey chifukwa katundu wambiri wochokera ku Turkey ndi wolemera, wolemera kapena wokwera mtengo. FCL imakupatsani chidebe chotsekedwa cha katundu wanu, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsika mtengo katundu akafika pafupifupi mamita 13 mpaka 15. Mwachitsanzo, wotumiza katundu amasuntha zida zapakhomo 3,000 pa 0.005 cbm iliyonse, amakhala pamalo amenewo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino ndi chidebe chodzaza kuposa katundu wophatikizidwa.
LCL imagwirizana ndi katundu wocheperako kapena wosakanikirana, koma imayenera kulemekezedwa. Makatoni anu amaphatikizidwa ndi katundu wa ena otumiza ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu yaku China, amatumizidwa ngati chidebe chimodzi, kenako amachotsedwa ku Turkey. Gawo lililonse lowonjezera logwiritsira ntchito ndi mwayi wochedwetsa kapena kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo kutumiza vuto limodzi mu chidebe kumatha kunyamula katundu wa aliyense. LCL imalipidwa pa chilichonse chomwe chili chachikulu, kuchuluka kwenikweni kapena kulemera kofanana, kotero zinthu zolemera zimatha kukhala zodula kuposa momwe kuwerengera kosavuta kwa cbm kumasonyezera.
Kusankha doko ndikofunikira pa njira zonse ziwiri. Malo ochokera kumwera kwa China monga Shekou, Nansha ndi Yantian nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira zambiri zotumizira mwachindunji kapena kamodzi kupita ku Ambarlı ndi Mersin, pomwe malo ochokera kumpoto kwa China ndi Yangtze River Delta amatha kuwona maulendo osiyanasiyana oyendera. Wotumiza katundu yemwe amaphatikiza kutengera komwe kumachokera pafupi ndi fakitale ndikusunga doko loyenera nthawi zambiri amasunga ndalama zambiri kuposa kukambirana kulikonse kwamitengo.
Air Freight ndi Express
Kutumiza katundu wa pandege ku Istanbul ndi njira yeniyeni yogulira katundu wamtengo wapatali kapena wofunika kwambiri. Ma benchmarks ofalitsidwa ali pafupifupi $6.20 pa kilogalamu ya katundu wamba mu Ogasiti, ngakhale kuti mawu ochokera pa $4 mpaka $26 pa kilogalamu amapezeka pamsika kutengera kuchuluka, kufunikira kwa ndege komanso kuchuluka kwa katundu. Nthawi yonse yopita kunyumba ndi nyumba nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri pambuyo poti katundu waperekedwa, ndipo ndi katundu wakunja amene nthawi zambiri amawonjezera kudabwitsa. Kuchotsa katundu wandege ku Turkey kumakhala kokhwima pa ma HS code, mitengo yolengezedwa ndi zikalata zofanana, ndipo kusagwirizana kumatha kusunga katundu pa eyapoti kwa masiku ambiri.
Ma courier otumiza katundu mwachangu, pamtengo wa $8 mpaka $15 pa kilogalamu, ndi abwino kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo ndi ma phukusi ang'onoang'ono ofunikira mwachangu, koma salinso njira yopezera katundu wamalonda. Kuyambira pa February 1, 2026, Turkey yachotsa chilolezo chosavuta cha msonkho cha ma phukusi osagulitsa, kotero kutumiza katundu mwachangu tsopano kumatsatira njira zokhazikika, kusintha komwe kudzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake mu bukhuli.
Njanji Yodutsa Pakati pa Khonde
Sitima yasintha kuchoka pa njira yatsopano kupita ku njira yofunika kwambiri. Middle Corridor, yomwe imatchedwanso Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, imagwirizanitsa China ndi Turkey kudzera ku Kazakhstan, Nyanja ya Caspian, Azerbaijan ndi Georgia, kupewa dziko la Russia. Utumiki wa sitima ya Maersk pakati pa Xi'an ndi Izmit umatenga masiku 16 mpaka 18, ndipo nthawi yeniyeni yotumizira sitima ndi masiku 15 mpaka 25, poyerekeza ndi masabata angapo a sitima yapamadzi m'njira zambiri. Mzere wa Baku–Tbilisi–Kars wakhala ukutenga masiku pafupifupi 15 kuyambira pomwe unasinthidwa mu 2026.
Njirayi ikukonzedwa mwachangu. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala adagwirizana kuti pakhale dongosolo la ntchito la 2026 lomwe likuyang'ana kwambiri zikalata za digito ndi kukula kwa zotengera, kuphatikizapo cholinga cha sitima 600 zonyamula zotengera kuchokera ku China kudzera ku Kazakhstan chaka chino. Zolinga za Turkey ndizokulirapo, ndi cholinga cholengeza kuti padzakhala sitima 1,000 zonyamula katundu pachaka pakati pa China ndi Europe zomwe zimadutsa pa siteshoni ya Halkalı ndi ngalande ya Marmaray. Mu Meyi 2026, sitima yonyamula katundu yoyera yokhala ndi zotengera 50 inachoka ku Izmir kupita ku China, zomwe zikuwonetsa ntchito yoyamba yonyamula katundu yobwerera m'mbuyo komanso kuwonetsa kuti pali njira ziwiri zoyendera.
Kufooka kwake ndi kusiyana. Kuwoloka kwa Caspian kukupitirirabe kukhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchedwa, Kazakhstan yakweza mitengo ya sitima m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo mphamvu ya sitima ikhoza kutsika mosayembekezereka. Chifukwa chake sitimayo imagwirizana ndi katundu wapakati pomwe kusunga ndalama kwa milungu iwiri panyanja ndikofunikira, koma sikuyenera kukhala dongosolo lanu lokhalo la kutumiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Zipata za ku Turkey: Kumene Chidebe Chanu Chiyenera Kutera
Kusankha doko lotulutsira katundu ndi chimodzi mwa zisankho zofunika kwambiri pakutumiza katundu ku China kupita ku Turkey, komabe nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa kwa wotumiza katunduyo. Zipata zazikulu za zidebe ku Turkey zimatumikira madera osiyanasiyana akutali. Kuyika chidebe pa doko lolakwika kungapangitse masiku ambiri oyenda ndi magalimoto amkati, kuyendetsa katundu wambiri komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha kutsika kwa katundu kuposa momwe mtengo wamadzi wokwera pang'ono ukanawonongera.
| Chipatala | Chigawo | Zoyenera kwambiri |
| Ambarlı (Istanbul) | Marmara | Katundu wa ogula ndi katundu wamba pamsika wa Istanbul ndi Marmara, malo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu mdziko muno |
| mchisu | Eastern Mediterranean | Doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Turkey, lomwe lili ndi TEU pafupifupi 3.6 miliyoni pachithunzi chimodzi chofalitsidwa, likugwirizana ndi malonda akumwera kwa Anatolia ndi Middle East. |
| Izmir (Aliaga, Alsancak) | Aegean | Magulu a mafakitale ndi nsalu ku Aegean; pafupifupi TEU 1.1 miliyoni pachaka |
| Gemlik, Gebze, Izmit | Eastern Marmara | Zipangizo zamagalimoto, mankhwala ndi mafakitale zili pafupi ndi magulu akuluakulu a mafakitale |
| Sitima ya sitima ya Halkalı | Mbali yaku Europe ya Istanbul | Makontena a sitima ochokera ku Middle Corridor ndi kupita patsogolo akusamukira ku Europe |
Lamulo lothandiza ndilakuti katunduyo akwere pafupi ndi wogula kapena fakitale yake yomaliza malinga ndi momwe ntchitoyo ingalolere, kenako yerekezerani mtengo wowonjezera wa panyanja ndi magalimoto oyenda mkati mwa dziko omwe asungidwa. Wogula ku Gaziantep kapena Adana nthawi zambiri amakonda Mersin ngakhale mtengo wa Istanbul ukuwoneka wotsika mtengo pang'ono, chifukwa bilu ya magalimoto oyenda ndi masiku owonjezera zimachotsa kusiyana.
Kaya mungasankhe doko liti, yang'anirani nthawi yopuma. Demurrage imagwira ntchito ngati chidebe chikhala m'malo opumulirako kupitirira masiku ake opuma, ndipo kusungidwa kumagwiranso ntchito ngati sichili m'malo opumulirako kwa nthawi yayitali. Zonsezi zimapewedwa ndi zizolowezi zomwezo: zikalata za msonkho zomwe zimayikidwa pasadakhale, magalimoto osungira mabuku sitimayo isanafike, ndikubweza zidebe zopanda kanthu mwachangu.
Misonkho Yochokera Kunja, VAT ndi Kutsatira Malamulo
Misonkho ya Zigawo Zitatu
Misonkho ya ku Turkey yochokera kunja imawonjezeka m'magawo, ndipo gawo lililonse limayambira pa mtengo wa CIF, womwe ndi mtengo wa malonda kuphatikiza katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi inshuwaransi mpaka ku doko la Turkey. Misonkho ya msonkho imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtengo wa CIF kutengera khodi ya GTIP, mtundu wa Turkey wa khodi ya HS. Misonkho yowonjezera, msonkho wakunja ndi zolipiritsa zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu zimatsatira komwe zimagwira ntchito. VAT imawerengedwa pa mtengo wa CIF kuphatikiza msonkho kuphatikiza misonkho ina iliyonse, kotero msonkho umawonjezeredwa m'malo mongowonjezera.
Tsatanetsatane wofunikira kuunika: chiwongola dzanja cha VAT cha ku Turkey ndi 20%, ndipo malangizo ena akale ndi ma board a mitengo akuwonetsabe 18%. Mitengo yotsika imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito chiwongola dzanja cha VAT chakale ndi njira imodzi yosavuta yochepetsera mtengo wofika pamalopo, choncho tsimikizirani chiwongola dzanja cha katundu wanu.
Misonkho ina yofalitsidwa ndi magwero amsika yokhudza njira zoyendetsera zinthu ndi monga 0 mpaka 10% ya zamagetsi ambiri, 10 mpaka 12% ya nsalu ndi 0 mpaka 8% ya makina, ngakhale kuti mtengo weniweni umadalira kwathunthu gulu lenileni ndi komwe unachokera. Chitani manambala amenewo ngati cheke chanzeru, osati m'malo mwa gulu logwirizana ndi broker wanu wa kasitomu.
| wosanjikiza | Maziko | Zoti muwone |
| Customs | Mtengo wa CIF umachulukitsa mtengo wozikidwa pa GTIP | China ikugwera pansi pa ndondomeko ya mayiko ena popanda kusankha kwa FTA; kugawa molakwika kumayambitsa zilango |
| Ndalama zowonjezera za kasitomu | Mtengo wa CIF umachulukitsa mtengo wowonjezera pa zinthu zina | Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mipando, nsalu, zovala ndi zinthu zapulasitiki zochokera ku China |
| Ntchito yoletsa kutaya zinthu kapena chitetezo | Zapadera za malonda ndi chiyambi chake | Yogwira ntchito pazinthu monga zitsulo, aluminiyamu, matailosi a ceramic ndi ulusi ndi mankhwala ena |
| Kuchotsera (msonkho wapadera wogwiritsa ntchito) | Imagwira ntchito pamndandanda wazinthu zinayi | Mafuta, magalimoto, fodya ndi mowa, ndi zinthu zapamwamba |
| VAT | CIF kuphatikiza msonkho kuphatikiza misonkho ina | Mtengo wamba 20%; nthawi zambiri umabwezedwa kwa wogulitsa katundu wolembetsedwa ku VAT |
Ntchito Zowonjezera, Kuletsa Kutaya Zinthu ndi Kuyang'anira
Turkey ikugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera pa malonda. Unduna wa Zamalonda ukatsimikiza kuti katundu akugulitsidwa pansi pa mtengo woyenera m'njira yomwe ingavulaze opanga m'nyumba, ukhoza kuyambitsa kafukufuku ndikuwonjezera msonkho pamwamba pa mtengo wamba. Njira zomwe zilipo pano zimakhudza zinthu monga zitsulo zomangira ndi ma profiles, zinthu za aluminiyamu, matailosi a ceramic, zinthu za polyethylene, ulusi wina wa nsalu ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana, ndipo China ndi imodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu.
Palinso njira yowunikira yomwe imayika mtengo wofotokozera wa magulu ambiri azinthu. Ngati mtengo wanu wolengezedwa ukuoneka wotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mtengo wofotokozera, kasitomu waku Turkey amatha kuwonanso mtengowo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti msonkho wowonjezera, kuchedwa komanso nthawi zina kuwunika. Kupereka ma invoice ochepera, komwe kale kunali chizolowezi m'misewu ina yamalonda, ndi njira imodzi yachangu kwambiri yopezera chidebe chomangika ku Turkey.
Magalimoto ndi nkhani yapadera. Turkey idakhazikitsa msonkho wowonjezera wa 40% pa magalimoto ochokera ku China, ndi osachepera $7,000 pagalimoto iliyonse, ndipo gulu la WTO linagamula pa Julayi 28, 2026 kuti msonkho wowonjezera pa magalimoto amagetsi aku China, pamodzi ndi misonkho ina pa magalimoto osakanikirana ndi zofunikira zina zotumizira kunja, unaphwanya malamulo amalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Lipoti la gulu si mapeto a ndondomekoyi, kotero aliyense wotumiza magalimoto kapena zigawo zina zokhudzana nazo ayenera kutsatira momwe Ankara yayankhira.
TAREKS, Ziphaso ndi Zolemba
Pazinthu zolamulidwa, TAREKS ndiye mlonda wa pachipata. Dongosololi limalumikiza chitetezo cha zinthu ndi zowongolera zotsatizana ndi chilengezo cha kasitomu, kotero katundu yemwe amafunikira kuwunika kotsatizana sangangolembedwa pa invoice yamalonda. Zikalata ziyenera kukonzedwa katundu asananyamuke ku China, osati atafika ku Ambarlı.
Chilolezo cha malonda ku Turkey chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi broker wovomerezeka wa misonkho wolembetsedwa m'deralo, pokhapokha ngati muli ndi bungwe lolembetsedwa bwino la ku Turkey mu dongosolo la misonkho. Kulephera kofala kwambiri si chikalata chomwe chikusowa koma chidziwitso chosagwirizana pakati pa invoice, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi chilengezo. Kuwerengera kosiyana kwa makatoni, kufotokozera kosiyana kapena mtengo wosiyana wolengezedwa pakati pa zikalata ndikokwanira kuyambitsa kuwunika.
| Ndemanga | Chifukwa chake ndizofunika |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Imakhazikitsa mtengo wa kasitomu; iyenera kufanana ndi mndandanda wa zonyamula ndi kulengeza kuchuluka, kufotokozera ndi mtengo |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Kutsimikizira makatoni, zolemera ndi mavoliyumu; amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika thupi |
| Bili ya katundu kapena airwaybill | Umboni wa galimoto ndi dzina; tsatanetsatane uyenera kugwirizana ndi invoice |
| Satifiketi yoyambira | Imathandizira kulengeza koyambira ndi kutsimikiza kulikonse kwa ntchito yowonjezera |
| Ziphaso zamalonda | Kulemba kwa CE, malipoti oyesera ndi zikalata zachitetezo cha katundu wolamulidwa pansi pa TAREKS |
| Satifiketi ya inshuwaransi | Zofunikira pakuwunika mtengo wa CIF komanso kupereka chiwongola dzanja ngati katundu wawonongeka |
Kutha kwa Kuchotsa Zinthu Zosavuta kwa Mapaketi Ang'onoang'ono
Ngati bizinesi yanu imadalira ma phukusi ang'onoang'ono opita kwa ogula mwachindunji, malamulo asintha kwambiri. Turkey yachepetsa malire opanda msonkho kuchokera pa ma euro 150 kufika pa ma euro 30 mu 2024, pambuyo pake idaphatikizapo ndalama zotumizira zomwe zili ndi mtengo wokhoma msonkho, kenako, kudzera mu Chisankho cha Purezidenti Nambala 10813, idachotsa zolengeza zosavuta za misonkho ya ma phukusi osakhala amalonda ndi ofulumira kuyambira pa February 1, 2026. Pansi pa dongosolo lakale, chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika cha 60% chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ma phukusi osakhala a EU, ndi 20% yowonjezera pa katundu wolembedwa. Dongosolo limenelo sililiponso pa ma phukusi awa, omwe tsopano amatsatira njira zokhazikika.
Zidole, nsapato ndi katundu wachikopa zinali zitachotsedwa kale mu njira yosavuta mu Okutobala 2025 chifukwa chotsata malamulo ndi nkhawa zaumoyo wa anthu. Uthenga kwa ogulitsa aku China ndi womveka bwino: B2C kupita ku Turkey tsopano ikufunika makonzedwe oyenera ochokera kunja, kugawa bwino ndi kukonzekera, ndipo mfundo yakale yotumizira maphukusi ang'onoang'ono ambirimbiri kudzera munjira zothamanga sikugwiranso ntchito. EU ikuyenda chimodzimodzi, ndi msonkho wokhazikika wa ma euro atatu pamaphukusi otsika mtengo kuyambira pa Julayi 1, 2026 ndi kuwunika kwathunthu kwa msonkho kukukonzekera 2028.
Chitsanzo cha Mtengo Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito Popanda Kugwa
Manambala amapangitsa kuti msonkho umveke mosavuta. Chitsanzo chili pansipa ndi chongoyerekeza chokha ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zongoganiziridwa, osati mawu ofotokozera: chidebe chimodzi cha 40HQ cha katundu wapakhomo chokhala ndi mtengo wa FOB wa $30,000, katundu wa panyanja wa $2,600, inshuwalansi ya $150 ndi chiwongola dzanja chongoganiziridwa cha msonkho wa kasitomu wa 8%.
| Chigawo cha mtengo | Maziko | Mtengo (USD) |
| Mtengo wa katundu (FOB) | Invoice ya ogulitsa | 30,000 |
| Katundu wapanyanja ndi inshuwaransi | $2,600 kuphatikiza $150 | 2,750 |
| Mtengo wapatali wa magawo CIF | Katundu ndi katundu ndi inshuwalansi | 32,750 |
| Misonkho ya msonkho (yomwe ikuyembekezeka kukhala 8%) | 8% ya CIF | 2,620 |
| VAT (20%) | 20% ya CIF kuphatikiza msonkho (35,370) | 7,074 |
| Kusamalira komwe mukupita, ndalama zolipirira broker, kuyendetsa galimoto zamkati (zoganiziridwa) | Ndalama zoyerekeza za m'deralo | 950 |
| Ndalama zonse zomwe zafika | Chiwerengero cha zinthu zonse | 43,394 |
Phunziro m'chitsanzo ichi ndilakuti katundu anali 6% yokha ya ndalama zonse zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pofika, pomwe msonkho ndi VAT pamodzi zinali zoposa 22%. Mtengo wotsika wa panyanja supulumutsa katundu yemwe sanaikidwe bwino kapena sanatchulidwe mokwanira, ndipo wotumiza katundu wolembetsedwa ndi VAT nthawi zambiri amabweza gawo la VAT pambuyo pake, zomwe zimasintha kuwerengera ndalama koma osati ndalama zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa pofika pa chilolezo.
Ngati katunduyo akukopeka ndi msonkho wowonjezera wa msonkho wa msonkho kapena woletsa kutaya katundu, katunduyo umakula mofulumira. Chidebe chomwecho chokhala ndi msonkho wowonjezera wa 10% pa CIF chingawonjezere $3,275 ndipo chingakweze maziko a VAT ndi ndalama zomwezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero chonsecho chikhale pamwamba pa chithunzi chomwe chawonetsedwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake khodi yolondola ya GTIP iyenera kukhazikitsidwa musanatsimikizire oda yogula, osati katunduyo atapakidwa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Turkey Ngati Njira Yolowera ku EU ndi Kupitilira
Lingaliro la mlatho pamutuwu ndi loposa mawu chabe. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa zogulitsa kunja, katundu wa mafakitale omwe amagulitsidwa mwaulere ku Turkey amatha kusamukira kumisika ya EU pansi pa satifiketi ya A.TR popanda misonkho ina yowonjezera, ndipo udindo wa Turkey umatsegulanso mwayi wopita ku Balkans, Black Sea, Caucasus ndi Middle East kudzera mu kulumikizana kwapafupi kwamtunda kapena malo odyetsera. Kwa ogulitsa aku China, izi zitha kusintha nyumba yosungiramo katundu kapena malo osungira katundu aku Turkey kukhala malo ogawa m'malo moyimitsa komaliza.
Pali malire. Katunduyo ayenera kukhala womasuka kugulitsidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ntchito ndi malamulo aku Turkey zamalizidwa bwino, ndipo njira zodzitetezera ku malonda za EU, malamulo oyambira ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo zikugwirabe ntchito kumbali ya EU. Katundu yemwe ali ndi udindo woletsa kutaya katundu wa EU sangangotsukidwa kudzera mu Turkey. Malo omasuka ndi malo osungiramo katundu amapereka njira zina zomwe katundu amasungidwa ndikukonzedwa popanda kulipira msonkho mpaka atatulutsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo amatha kuyenerera bwino mitundu yotumizira katundu kunja.
Funso lofunika kwambiri ndi lakuti kodi chitsanzo cha mlathochi chikuposa kutumiza mwachindunji kumsika womaliza. Chimapambana ngati kukula kwa maoda kuli kwakukulu, pamene makasitomala ambiri m'maiko angapo m'chigawochi, kapena pamene nthawi yotsogolera mpaka kumapeto kwa kasitomala ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa mayunitsi. Chimatayika ngati kuchuluka kuli kochepa kapena pamene ndalama zoyendetsera malamulo zikuposa ndalama zomwe zasungidwa. Yang'anirani manambala a malonda anu musanagwiritse ntchito njira yolumikizirana.
Nthawi nayonso ndi yofunika. Popeza ntchito za Suez zikubwerera ndipo mitengo ya malonda ku Asia kupita ku Mediterranean ikadali yotsika, mtengo wa malo oimika magalimoto ku Turkey ndi wotsika kwambiri pakadali pano. Ngati makampani onyamula katundu apitiliza kubwezeretsa njira zazifupi, nthawi yoyendera kupita ku Turkey ikhoza kutsika, ngakhale kuti kutulutsidwa komweko komwe kumathandiza otumiza katundu kungathandizenso kuchepetsa mitengo ya katundu, zomwe zimathandiza ogula omwe amapewa kutseka mapangano amitengo yokhazikika nthawi yayitali.
Kumene Kutumiza Zinthu ku China kupita ku Turkey Sikuli Bwino
Vuto loyamba komanso lofala kwambiri ndi kugawa zinthu m'magulu. Zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimafanana zimatha kukhala m'ma code osiyanasiyana a GTIP okhala ndi mitengo yosiyana ya msonkho, misonkho yowonjezera, ndi malamulo owongolera. Wotumiza katundu amene akuganiza kuti angasunge nthawi yosungitsa malo ndikutaya nthawi kakhumi padoko. Kufunsa wobwereketsa msonkho waku Turkey kuti akupatseni lingaliro la kugawa zinthu musanapange zinthu ndikotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kulimbana ndi kugawa zinthu m'magulu mukangofika.
Chachiwiri ndi kusagwirizana kwa zikalata. Kasitomu wa ku Turkey amayerekeza ma invoice, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi kulengeza bwino, ndipo kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha makatoni kapena mtengo wake ndikokwanira kuyambitsa kuwunika kwenikweni. Kusintha kulikonse kwa mphindi yomaliza ku fakitale kuyenera kuonekera mu chikalata chilichonse, ndipo seti yokonzedwa iyenera kufikira broker sitimayo isanafike.
Chachitatu ndikutenga mtengo wa panyanja ngati mtengo woyambira, kusamalira malo oimikapo magalimoto, ndalama zolembera zikalata, kusamalira komwe mukupita, kuwonetsa mtunda wopita ku sitima, magalimoto akuluakulu ndi misonkho zonse ndi ndalama zosiyana. Mtengo wocheperako womwe umawoneka wotsika mtengo ndi 10% pa mzere wonyamula katundu wa panyanja nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera mtengo kwambiri mizere yomwe yasowa ikawonjezedwanso.
Chachinayi ndi kunyalanyaza malamulo olamulidwa a zinthu. Katundu wamagetsi, zoseweretsa, zodzoladzola, ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira ziphaso zachitetezo zimatha kusungidwa mpaka mapepala atakwaniritsidwa, ndipo ndalama zosungira zimayamba nthawi yopuma ikatha. Pomaliza, otumiza ambiri amaganiza kuti nthawi yoikika yakhazikika. Popeza kusintha kwa Suez kukusintha komanso chiopsezo cha Hormuz chili kumbuyo, dongosolo lenileni limaphatikizapo nthawi yosungira ndi wotumiza katundu yemwe amalankhula zosintha msanga.
Nthawi Yoyenera Yosungitsira Mabuku
Kutumiza bwino kumatsatira kachitidwe kake. Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa njira yodziwika bwino yoyendera sitima ya 40HQ FCL kuchokera ku South China kupita ku Istanbul, ndipo nthawi yake imafotokozedwa poyerekeza ndi tsiku lochoka. Nthawi yanu yoyendera idzasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chinthu ndi nyengo.
| Liti | Zomwe ziyenera kuchitika |
| 30 mpaka 45 masiku asananyamuke | Tsimikizani gulu la GTIP, zofunikira za TAREKS ndi ziphaso; pezani chiyerekezo cha mtengo wogulira |
| 14 mpaka masiku 21 kale | Sungani malo, gwirizanani ndi Incoterms ndi port pair, tsimikizirani inshuwaransi ndi nthawi yaulere |
| 7 mpaka masiku 10 kale | Kunyamula chidebe kapena kutumiza katundu ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu; malizitsani mndandanda wa ma invoice ndi zonyamula |
| 3 mpaka masiku 5 kale | Chilengezo cha kasitomu yotumiza kunja, kutsata malamulo oletsa, kuvomereza chikalata chovomerezeka cha bilu yonyamula katundu |
| Paulendo | Gawani zikalata zomaliza ndi broker waku Turkey; chilengezo cholowetsa katundu pasadakhale ngati n'kotheka |
| Pofika | Kutulutsidwa kwa misonkho, msonkho ndi VAT, kunyamula katundu kwa wolandirayo nthawi yopuma isanathe |
Kutsatira ndondomeko ngati iyi sikuchotsa chiopsezo, koma kumasintha zodabwitsa zambiri kukhala zisankho zokonzedwa. Otumiza katundu omwe amakumana ndi kuchedwa kochepa nthawi zambiri ndi omwe amayamba ntchito yotsata malamulo msanga.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kutumiza ku China kupita ku Turkey
Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ndi likulu lake ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira katundu kudzera m'mabanki. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu kudzera m'makhothi, ndipo likuyang'ana kwambiri mayendedwe ochokera ku China kupita ku US. Mbiri imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa njira ya Turkey chifukwa misika yonse iwiri imapereka zikalata zoyenera, kugawa mosamala komanso kutumiza katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena omwe amaona kuti katundu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchitoyo osati kungoganizira zamtsogolo.
Ntchito za Topway Shipping zimagwira ntchito m'njira zonse zoyendera katundu, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba, malo osungiramo katundu kunja kwa dziko, kuchotsera katundu wa kasitomu ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza. Pa katundu wopita ku Turkey, izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchitoyo ingayambire pakhomo la ogulitsa aku China, ndi njira zonyamulira katundu, kuphatikiza katundu ndi kutumiza katundu kunja zomwe zimayendetsedwa ku South China, ndikupitiliza kudzera mu sitima yapamadzi ndi kuchotsera katundu wopita komwe akupita. Kampaniyo imaperekanso katundu wosavuta wodzaza ndi chidebe komanso katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kotero wotumiza katundu akhoza kuyamba ndi LCL pomwe kuchuluka kwa katundu kukupangidwa ndikusamukira ku FCL pamene chidebe chonse chikhala chotsika mtengo.
Mwachidule, Topway Shipping ingathandize otumiza katundu ndi mafunso omwe angasankhe zotsatira za kutumiza katundu ku Turkey: ndi doko liti lomwe likugwirizana ndi komwe akupita, kaya FCL kapena LCL imapereka mtengo wabwino wofikira, momwe mungagwirizanitse invoice, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi kulengeza musananyamuke, komanso momwe mungakonzekerere za Suez ndikuwonjezera kusatsimikizika. Gulu lake likhozanso kugwirizanitsa kupereka katundu kwa ogulitsa katundu ovomerezeka ndi onyamula katundu oyenda mtunda wautali komwe akupita, komwe ndi komwe ambiri omwe amatumiza katundu koyamba amataya ulamuliro pa kutumiza kwawo.
Ngati mukukonzekera kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey, nthawi yabwino yolankhula ndi wotumiza katundu ndi nthawi yomaliza yogula. Gawani katundu wanu, ma code a HS, kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi tsiku lotumizira katundu ndi gulu la Topway Shipping, ndipo funsani kuti akuwonetseni mtengo wolowera womwe umaphatikizapo katundu, ndalama zakomweko komanso msonkho wosonyeza ndi kuwerengera VAT, osati mtengo wa panyanja wokha.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey kumapatsa mphoto yokonzekera kuposa chinthu china chilichonse. Msika uli bwino m'dzinja la 2026: mitengo ya nyanja ku Istanbul yakhala yokhazikika pafupifupi zaka zambiri, ntchito za Suez zikubwerera, sitima ikukhala njira yodalirika, ndipo udindo wa Turkey mkati mwa EU Customs Union umapatsa katundu waku China njira yopita kumisika yayikulu pamene ntchito yotsatira malamulo yachitika bwino.
Zoopsa zake ndi zenizeni. Misonkho ya ku Turkey, mitengo yowunikira, misonkho yowonjezera, ndi kuwongolera kwa TAREKS kungapangitse mtengo wotsika wa katundu kukhala mtengo wokwera mtengo, ndipo chitukuko cha dziko lapansi kuzungulira Nyanja Yofiira ndi Hormuz chingasinthe nthawi ndi ndalama zowonjezera popanda kudziwitsa. Njira yopambana ndikusankha njira ndi doko lomwe likugwirizana ndi katundu wanu, kugawa molondola, kusunga zikalata zofanana, kukonzekera zosungira ndikuyika mitengo ya katunduyo pamtengo wokwera.
Ndi chotumizira katundu chomwe chimaphimba unyolo wonse kuyambira pa siteshoni yoyamba mpaka kuchotsera katundu wa pa milatho ndi kutumiza katundu wa pa milatho yomaliza, monga Topway Shipping, msewu wochokera ku China kupita ku Turkey umakhala wosavuta kuuzindikira. Mlatho pakati pa Asia ndi EU Customs Union ndi wotseguka, ndipo otumiza katundu omwe amadutsa bwino ndi omwe amakonzekera kuwoloka chidebecho chisananyamulidwe.
Ibibazo
Q: Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey panyanja?
Yankho: Maulendo a FCL ochokera ku doko kupita ku doko nthawi zambiri amatenga masiku 20 mpaka 26 kupita ku Ambarlı kapena Mersin pakati pa chaka cha 2026, ndipo magwero ena amanena kuti masiku 23 mpaka 35 kutengera njira ndi kusamutsira katundu. Nthawi yopita khomo ndi khomo ndi yayitali ikangotengedwa, miyambo ndi kutumiza katundu mkati mwa dzikolo zikaphatikizidwa.
Q: Kodi chidebe chochokera ku China kupita ku Turkey chimawononga ndalama zingati pakadali pano?
A: Miyezo ya Ogasiti 2026 ikuwonetsa pafupifupi $1,314 mpaka $1,606 pa chidebe cha mamita 20 ndi $2,295 mpaka $2,805 pa chidebe cha mamita 40 chopita ku Istanbul, musanalipire ndalama zoyendera, msonkho ndi VAT. Mitengo ya munthu aliyense imasiyana, choncho pemphani mtengo watsopano, wolembedwa m'magawo womwe umagwira ntchito kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu.
Q: Kodi ndi misonkho iti yochokera kunja yomwe imagwira ntchito pa katundu wochokera ku China ku Turkey?
A: Misonkho ya msonkho yozikidwa pa GTIP code imagwira ntchito pa mtengo wa CIF, misonkho yowonjezera kapena yotsutsa kutaya katundu ingagwire ntchito pazinthu zinazake, ndipo VAT, nthawi zambiri 20%, imalipidwa pa CIF kuphatikiza msonkho ndi misonkho ina. Magulu ena azinthu amatha kufikira msonkho wophatikizana wa 30 mpaka 60 peresenti ya mtengo wa CIF.
Q: Kodi ndingatumizebe ma phukusi ang'onoang'ono a e-commerce ku Turkey kudzera mu njira zotumizira mauthenga mwachangu?
Yankho: Sizili pansi pa dongosolo lakale losavuta. Kuyambira pa February 1, 2026, ma positi ndi ma express passports omwe si amalonda sakuyenereranso kulengeza mosavuta za misonkho ndipo amatsatira njira zokhazikika za misonkho, kotero ogulitsa amafunika kugawa bwino katundu ndi makonzedwe oyenera a otumiza katundu kunja.
Q: Kodi FCL kapena LCL ndi yabwino kwambiri potumiza ku China kupita ku Turkey?
Yankho: FCL nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo pamtengo wa pafupifupi ma cubic metres 13 mpaka 15, pomwe LCL imagwira ntchito ndi katundu wocheperako kapena wosakanikirana. Katundu wotumizira katundu monga Topway Shipping amatha kufananiza njira zonse ziwiri pamtengo wokwerera katundu wanu.
