Malamulo Olembera Nsalu: Cholakwika cha Ulusi Chomwe Chimakuwonongerani Ndalama

 

 

Chidebe cha zovala chimatsegula chombocho, chimadutsa padoko, ndipo chimaima kaye kutali ndi pansi pa wogulitsa pamene chizindikiro chimodzi chimaletsa kuzizira. Si cholakwika cha kugawa mitengo, si bilu yosowa, koma kuchuluka kwa ulusi komwe kumachepa ndi mfundo zochepa pa hangtag palibe amene adayang'ana kawiri. Kwa otumiza katundu ndi otumiza katundu ochokera ku China kupita ku US, iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino komanso zopewera zomwe kutumiza katundu kumakhala bilu yochotsera katundu, kuletsa kutsata malamulo, kapena kuletsa kugula.

Zolemba za fiber zili pamalo pomwe zinthu zimapangidwira, kutsatira malamulo, ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimalephera. Mafakitale amayang'ana kwambiri kupanga. Makampani amayang'ana kwambiri kapangidwe ndi mitengo. Magulu otsatira malamulo, ngakhale alipo, amakhala pa ma SKU ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri samawona chovala mpaka chitapakidwa kale. Wotumiza katundu nthawi zambiri amakhala womaliza kuyang'ana katunduyo asanafike ku US Customs and Border Protection, zomwe zimapangitsa kumvetsetsa malamulowa kukhala mwayi weniweni wampikisano m'malo molemba mawu olembedwa pansi pa lamulo.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe lamulo la Textile Fiber Products Identification Act limafuna, komwe zolakwika zomwe zili mu ulusi zimayambira nthawi zambiri, mtengo wake weniweni, komanso momwe wotumiza katundu wokhala ndi njira yoyenera angakumane ndi mavuto asanakhale chochitika cha kasitomu. Panjira, tiwona momwe mnzake wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu monga Topway Shipping angagwirizanire ndi njirayi, osati m'malo mwa upangiri wotsatira malamulo, koma ngati njira yotetezera kayendetsedwe ka katundu.

Chifukwa Chake Kulemba Zolemba za Fiber Sikochepa

Ku United States, kulemba zilembo za nsalu kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi Textile Fiber Products Identification Act ya 1960 (TFPIA), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Federal Trade Commission pansi pa 16 CFR Part 303, pamodzi ndi Wool Products Labeling Act (16 CFR Part 300) komanso, pa zovala zambiri, Care Labeling Rule (16 CFR Part 423). Malamulowa pamodzi amafuna kuti pafupifupi chinthu chilichonse cha nsalu chogulitsidwa ku US chikhale ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza dzina lachibadwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi uliwonse womwe ulipo, dziko lochokera, ndi dzina la wopanga kapena wotumiza, kaya ndi dzina kapena nambala ya RN yoperekedwa ndi FTC.

Chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zosiyana ndi njira zina zambiri zotsatirira malamulo ndichakuti ndi dongosolo lokhwima la udindo. FTC sikuyenera kutsimikizira kuti kampani ikufuna kunyenga ogula, koma kuti chizindikirocho chinali chabodza, chosowa, kapena chosokeretsa. Cholakwika chozungulira chomwe chatengedwa kuchokera ku pepala lamkati la fakitale ya nsalu chimawonedwa, kwenikweni, monga kuyesa mwadala kubisa zomwe zili mu ulusi kuti apewe kugawa kwa msonkho kapena gawo. Kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa aliyense wosuntha katundu kudzera mu unyolo wopereka, chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti zolinga zabwino siziteteza kutumiza ku kukakamizidwa.

Kuchuluka kwa ulusi kumakhudzanso mbali zina za njira yotumizira kunja. US Customs and Border Protection imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka ulusi wolengezedwa kuti ithandize kutsimikizira gulu la Harmonized Tariff Schedule pa chidule cha zolowera, popeza mitengo ya msonkho wa nsalu imasiyana kwambiri kutengera ngati chovalacho ndi, mwachitsanzo, 100% thonje, chosakaniza cha thonje-polyester, kapena chinthu cha ubweya. Pamene chizindikirocho chikunena chinthu china ndipo invoice yamalonda kapena chilengezo cha kasitomu chikunena china, kusiyana kumeneko ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro chofiira chomwe chimayambitsa kuwunikira zikalata kapena mayeso akuthupi padoko.

Cholakwika cha Ulusi Chomwe Chimakuwonongerani Ndalama Zambiri: Kuzungulira, Kutsata Ulusi, ndi Njira Zachidule Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Molakwika

Funsani loya wotsatira malamulo kuti ndi cholakwika chiti chomwe chimapangitsa chidwi chachikulu cha FTC ndi CBP pazovala, ndipo yankho lake nthawi zambiri silimakhala lachinyengo chachikulu. Nthawi zambiri ndi vuto la masamu wamba: kuchuluka kwa ulusi komwe sikufika pa 100%, kapena komwe kumazungulira mwanjira yomwe lamulo sililola.

Pansi pa 16 CFR 303.9, kuchuluka kwa ulusi uliwonse kuyenera kufotokozedwa kutengera kulemera konse kwa ulusi wa chinthucho, kupatula zokongoletsera zovomerezeka, ndipo kuchuluka komwe kuli pansi pa malire enaake nthawi zambiri sikungogwetsedwa kapena kupindika mu ulusi waukulu pokhapokha ngati pali zosiyana zochepa za lamuloli. Kachitidwe kofala kolephera kamawoneka motere: mphero imasakaniza 97% thonje ndi spandex yaying'ono yotambasula, koma pepala laukadaulo la fakitale limalemba "thonje" lokha chifukwa kuchuluka kwa spandex kumaonedwa kuti ndi kochepa poyerekeza ndi kupanga. Chizindikirocho chimatumizidwa ngati thonje 100%. Ngati mayeso pambuyo pake awonetsa ngakhale 2-3% elastane, chinthucho chimasinthidwa dzina, mosasamala kanthu kuti kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa bwanji kapena kuti kuchotsedwako sikuli koyenera bwanji.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa cholakwika chomwecho umaphatikizapo mawu oti "ulusi wina," womwe umaloledwa pokhapokha pakakhala zovuta, makamaka pazinthu zopangidwa ndi ubweya pomwe zinthu zopanda ubweya sizili pansi pa 5% ya zonse. Makampani ndi mafakitale nthawi zina amabwereka njira iyi yachidule yopangira zovala zopanda ubweya pomwe sizigwira ntchito, poganiza kuti ulusi uliwonse wochepera 5% ukhoza kuyendetsedwa ngati wosagwira ntchito. Sizingatheke, kunja kwa malo enieni omwe lamulo limalola.

Njira yachitatu, yomwe mwina ndiyo yokwera mtengo kwambiri kwa otumiza katundu kuti agwire ntchito, ndi kusiyana pakati pa chizindikiro chosokedwa mu chovalacho ndi ulusi womwe wafotokozedwa pa invoice yamalonda ndi mndandanda wonyamula katundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zinthu zakunja. Zikalata ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana pakupanga, ndipo ngati palibe amene akugwirizana nazo, katunduyo akhoza kufika ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimanena chinthu china ndi mapepala omwe amanena china, zomwe ndi kusiyana kosavuta kwa woyang'anira wofufuza kuti agwire.

Zolakwika Zokhudza Kulemba Zinthu za Ulusi ndi Zotsatira Zake Zothandiza

kulakwitsa	Chifukwa Chake Izi Zimachitika	Zotsatira zake
Kuchuluka kwa ulusi sikukwana 100%	Ulusi wotsatira (spandex, elastane) wachotsedwa pa pepala la mphero	Chizindikiro chakanidwa ngati cholakwika; chiopsezo chopeza cholakwika pa dzina
Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mawu akuti "zina"	Njira yachidule yochokera ku malamulo olembera ubweya ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika	Chizindikiro chosatsatira malamulo; kufunsa kwa FTC komwe kungatheke
Zolemba ndi ulusi wa invoice zimasiyana	Zolemba ndi zikalata zamalonda zopangidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, sizinagwirizanenso	Kuwunikanso zikalata za CBP, mayeso oti katundu ayende, kuchedwa kulowa
Dzina la ulusi wamba silinagwiritsidwe ntchito	Dzina la malonda kapena dzina la kampani lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa dzina lodziwika bwino la FTC	Chizindikiro chimaonedwa ngati chosawulula; zilembo zina zimafunika
Dziko lomwe linachokera lasiyidwa kapena silikugwirizana	Unyolo wogulira zinthu m'maiko ambiri (ulusi, kuluka, kudula, kusoka m'maiko osiyanasiyana)	Kutsekeredwa pa doko; kukakamizidwa kulemba zilembo kapena kutumizanso kunja

Mayina a Ulusi Wodziwika: Lamulo Laling'ono Lolemba Mawu Lokhala ndi Zotsatira Zazikulu

Lamulo limodzi lomwe limakhudza ogulitsa kunja ambiri ochokera ku China ndi lamulo loti agwiritse ntchito mayina a ulusi wamba omwe amadziwika ndi FTC m'malo mwa mayina amalonda, mawu am'deralo, kapena chilankhulo chotsatsa. Mawu akuti "Viscose," "rayon," "modal," ndi "lyocell" sasinthasintha pa chizindikiro cha ku US ngakhale kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosasamala pokambirana kapena m'zolemba zamkati za fakitale. FTC yasintha Gawo 303.7 kuti ilole mayina ambiri odziwika padziko lonse lapansi ochokera mu muyezo wa International Organization for Standardization wa 2010 wa mayina a ulusi wopangidwa ndi anthu, zomwe zinachepetsa kusiyana kwa mbiri yakale pakati pa mawu achi China, aku Europe, ndi aku America, koma sizinachotse kufunika kolemba mawu a ulusi wa fakitale ku dzina lolondola la US chizindikirocho chisanasindikizidwe.

Izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndi ulusi watsopano kapena wobwezeretsedwa, ndipo chitsanzo chofala cha viscose yochokera ku nsungwi. Chikwangwani cha zovala chomwe chimati "nsalu ya nsungwi" sichikwanira malinga ndi malamulo a US ngati ulusiwo uli ndi viscose kapena rayon yokonzedwa ndi mankhwala, chifukwa ulusi womalizidwa, osati gwero la chomera chosaphika, ndi womwe umasankha dzina loyenera lomwe liyenera kuwonekera pa chizindikirocho. Mitundu yomwe imagulitsa viscose yochokera ku nsungwi ngati "nsungwi" pa chizindikiro chachikulu yakopa chidwi cha FTC kale chifukwa chakuti mawuwa amatanthauza kapangidwe ka ulusi wachilengedwe komwe sikupulumuka njira yopangira.

Dziko Loyambira, Manambala a RN, ndi Momwe Amagwirizanirana ndi Zolakwika za Fiber Content

Mavuto okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi nthawi zambiri samayenda okha. Mwachidule, chovala chokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi wolakwika nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi vuto lofanana ndi dziko lomwe chinachokera kapena kudziwika kwa bizinesi yodalirika. Zidziwitso zonse zitatu, kuchuluka kwa ulusi, komwe chinachokera, ndi chidziwitso cha wopanga kapena wotumiza kunja kudzera mu dzina kapena nambala ya RN yolembetsedwa ndi FTC, ziyenera kuwoneka pamodzi pa chizindikiro chimodzi, ndipo akuluakulu a CBP omwe amawunika kutumiza amakonda kuyang'ana zonse zitatu nthawi imodzi m'malo mozipatula.

Kwa makampani omwe akugula zinthu kuchokera ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kapena kusakaniza nsalu kuchokera kudziko lina ndi ntchito zodula ndi kusoka ku lina, kulemba chizindikiro cha chiyambi kumakhala ndi zovuta zake zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi. Mwachitsanzo, shati yolukidwa kuchokera ku nsalu yaku China koma yodulidwa ndi kusoka ku Vietnam, imakhala ndi dziko lomwe idachokera lomwe limatsimikiziridwa ndi komwe kusintha kwakukulu komaliza kudachitikira, ndipo kutsimikiza kumeneko kuyenera kuwonedwa nthawi zonse pa chizindikiro chosokedwa, hangtag, invoice yamalonda, ndi zolowera za kasitomu. Wotumiza katundu akawona chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa ulusi chomwe chikuwoneka chosagwirizana ndi komwe chidalengezedwa, kapena kufotokozera kwa zovala komwe sikukugwirizana ndi chilichonse, nthawi zambiri chimenecho ndi chizindikiro chakuti phukusi lonse la zikalata limafunika kuyang'aniridwa kachiwiri musanasungitse.

Manambala a RN olembetsedwa, operekedwa ndi FTC ku makampani okhala ku US, ndi ofunika kutchulidwa chifukwa nthawi zina otumiza katundu amawaona kuti akugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika m'malo mwa fakitale yakunja yomwe ilibe chilolezo chovomerezeka ku United States. Nambala ya RN imasonyeza kampani yomwe ili ndi udindo pa malonda pamsika wa US, osati fakitale yomwe idapanga, ndipo manambala a RN osagwirizana kapena osavomerezeka ndi chinthu chosavuta komanso chosavuta kuti woyang'anira woyesa azindikire.

Kodi Kukakamiza Anthu Kumawoneka Bwanji?

Kuwonongeka kwa ndalama chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo okhudza nsalu si nkhani yongoganizira chabe. Zilango za boma chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo a FTC Act, zomwe zasinthidwa chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa katundu, zimatha kufika pa madola masauzande ambiri pa kuphwanya kulikonse, ndipo chifukwa chakuti gawo lililonse lolembedwa molakwika likhoza kuonedwa ngati kuphwanya malamulo kosiyana, ziwerengerozo zimawonjezeka mofulumira pa katundu wamkulu wotumizidwa. CBP, kumbali yake, sifunikira chilolezo cha FTC kuti ichitepo kanthu. Akuluakulu a doko ali ndi mphamvu zodziyimira pawokha zogwira katundu wokayikiridwa, ndipo katundu wosungidwa akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yowunikira pomwe wotumiza katundu akupereka zikalata zowongolera, pambuyo pake bungweli likhoza kulamula kuti zilembozo zilembedwenso, kutumizidwanso kunja, kapena kuwonongedwa ngati wotumiza katunduyo sangathe kusonyeza kuti akutsatira malamulowo.

Kutumiza nsalu ndi zovala kunja ndi cholinga chachikulu kuposa magulu ena ambiri. M'mbuyomu, nsalu zakhala zikuyimira gawo losayerekezeka la ntchito zomwe CBP imasonkhanitsa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe bungweli limasungira magulu odzipereka okhazikitsa malamulo a nsalu ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi limayendetsa ntchito zotsimikizira mafakitale m'maiko akuluakulu ogulitsa zinthu. Kufotokozera molakwika kwa ulusi kwakhala ndi mbiri yayitali yokhazikitsa malamulo m'derali; oyang'anira alemba mitundu ya zovala za thonje zomwe zidalembedwa molakwika ngati ulusi wina makamaka kuti ziyenerere ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ngakhale kuti vutoli ndi lovuta kwambiri kuposa zolakwika zomwe takambirana kale, zikutanthauza kuti oyang'anira ofufuza ali okonzeka kale kufufuza mosamala zomwe zalengezedwa ndi ulusi.

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti chiopsezo chokakamiza chimawonjezeka pakapita nthawi pa ubale wa wogulitsa katundu kapena wotumiza katundu. Kusiyana kwa zilembo komwe kumapezeka ndikukonzedwa mwachangu sikumayambitsa zotsatira zokhalitsa kuposa kuchedwa komweko. Komabe, kusiyana kobwerezabwereza kuchokera ku fakitale imodzi kapena wogulitsa katundu yemweyo, kumapangitsa kuti katundu aliyense wotumizidwayo azifufuzidwa bwino, zomwe zimakhala zodula kwambiri kuposa kumangidwa kulikonse, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti chilolezo cha nthawi zonse chikhale malo osungira ndalama m'malo mochitika payokha.

Chithunzi Chachidule cha Kukakamiza ndi Kuwononga Ndalama

Malo Othandizira Kukakamiza	Ulamuliro	Zokhudza Ntchito
Chilango cha boma chifukwa chonyoza dzina la munthu	FTC, motsatira FTC Act	Zilango zitha kukwera pa unit kapena pa kuphwanya malamulo; ndalama zamilandu pamwamba pake
Kutsekeredwa padoko	CBP, bungwe lodziyimira palokha lolamulira za kulanda	Katundu wosungidwa akuyembekezera umboni wosonyeza kuti akutsatira malamulo; kusungidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa ndalama zikuwonjezeka
Kukakamiza kulemba zilembo kapena kutumizanso kunja	CBP	Ndalama zowonjezera za ogwira ntchito, ndandanda ya nthawi, nthawi zina zomwe zingachitike kuti zinthu zisinthe
Kuwunikanso zolowera/kuwunikira magulu	CBP	Kuwunika kwakukulu kwa katundu wotumizidwa mtsogolo kuchokera kwa wogulitsa katundu yemweyo
Kubweza ndalama kwa wogulitsa kapena kuletsa PO	Zamalonda, osati malamulo	Kutayika kwa ndalama mwachindunji, ubale wowonongeka wa wogula

Chifukwa Chake Ma Lab Oyesera ndi Kutsimikizira Kutumizidwa Kusanachitike Ndikofunikira Kuposa Chikalata Chodziwikiratu

Mafakitale ambiri amadalira pepala lofotokozera zaukadaulo la ogulitsa nsalu yoyambirira ngati gwero la chowonadi cha zomwe zili pa chizindikiro cha chovala chomalizidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimenecho ndi poyambira koyenera. Vuto ndilakuti pepala lofotokozera limasonyeza momwe nsaluyo idapangidwira, osati momwe nsalu yomalizidwa, yopakidwa utoto, ndi yokonzedwa ilili pofika patebulo lodulira. Njira zomaliza monga kudayira, kutsuka, kapena kuwonjezera gawo lotambasula pagawo losokera zimatha kusintha kapangidwe ka ulusi weniweni kuchoka pa zomwe zidalembedwa poyamba popanda wina aliyense kusintha mapepala omwe pamapeto pake amakhala mawu a chizindikirocho.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyesa kodziyimira pawokha kwa ulusi, kaya kumachitika kudzera mu labu yovomerezeka ku China musanatumize kunja kapena kudzera mu pulogalamu yotsimikizira khalidwe la wotumiza kunja, kumagwira ntchito ngati njira yachiwiri yodzitetezera m'malo mowononga ndalama zambiri. Kuyesa kwa labu komwe kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ulusi weniweni motsutsana ndi zolemba za chizindikirocho katundu asanapakedwe kumakhala kotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kupeza kusiyana komweko pambuyo poti chidebe chasungidwa kale padoko la US. Pamagulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga ubweya wosakaniza, ulusi wapadera wachilengedwe, kapena chovala chilichonse chogulitsidwa mozungulira nkhani inayake ya ulusi, monga "100% thonje lachilengedwe" kapena "cashmere yeniyeni," kuyesa kotumizidwa musanatumize nthawi zambiri kumakhala kusiyana pakati pa kuchotsera bwino kwa misonkho ndi kuchedwa kokwera mtengo.

Makampani otumiza katundu sachita bizinesi yoyesa kuchuluka kwa ulusi, koma kampani yotumiza katundu yomwe imamvetsetsa komwe mipata iyi imawonekera nthawi zambiri imatha kudziwitsa zoopsa kwa ogulitsa kunja koyambirira kotero kuti mayeso a labu akadali oyenera nthawi yopangira ndi kutumiza, m'malo mongoperekedwa pokhapokha ngati vuto laonekera kale pamalire.

Ubweya, Cashmere, ndi Ulusi Wapadera: Gulu Loopsa Kwambiri

Zopangidwa ndi ubweya zimakhala ndi udindo wowonjezera wolembera pansi pa Ubweya wa Zolembedwa ndi Ubweya, ndipo apa ndi pomwe kulengeza ulusi koyenera koma kosakwanira kumayambitsa mavuto ena omwe amakhalapo nthawi zonse. Zolembedwa ziyenera kuwonetsa osati kuchuluka kwa ubweya kokha, komanso ngati ndi ubweya watsopano (watsopano) kapena ubweya wobwezeretsedwanso, ndipo ulusi wapadera monga cashmere, mohair, alpaca, kapena angora uyenera kutchulidwa mwachindunji m'malo mopindidwa kukhala kuchuluka kwa ubweya wamba.

Makamaka Cashmere imakopa chidwi chifukwa cha mtengo wake wapamwamba poyerekeza ndi ubweya wa nkhosa; juzi losakanizidwa ndi cashmere yochepa likuyembekezeka kuulula kuchuluka kwake molondola, ndipo malo oyesera ali okonzeka bwino kuzindikira ngati chovala chogulitsidwa ngati "cashmere mix" chili ndi gawo laling'ono la cashmere ulusi kuposa momwe chizindikirocho chikusonyezera, kapena palibe konse. Kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mitundu ya ubweya ndi cashmere kuchokera ku China, iyi ndi gulu lomwe mayeso otsimikizira ulusi asanatumizidwe ndi ofunika mtengo wochepa poyerekeza ndi mbiri komanso chiopsezo cha ndalama cha gulu lolembedwa molakwika kufika ku gulu lowongolera khalidwe la ogulitsa akuluakulu aku US.

Momwe SKU Yolembedwa Molakwika Imasokonezera Kutumiza Konse

Kuwonongeka kwa ntchito chifukwa cha cholakwika cha kuchuluka kwa ulusi nthawi zambiri kumakhalabe mu mzere umodzi wazinthu. Katundu wa m'nyanja amasamutsidwa m'zinthu zophatikizika, ndipo chidebe chonse kapena katundu wogawana wa LCL nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma SKU angapo, nthawi zina pa maoda angapo ogulira kapena mitundu ingapo. Pamene CBP ikuwonetsa kalembedwe kamodzi ka zinthu za ulusi kapena vuto la zilembo, kufufuza nthawi zambiri kumafikira ku chidebe china chonse, popeza katunduyo watengedwa kale kuti akawunike ndipo mtengo wocheperako wowonera makatoni oyandikana nawo ndi wotsika malinga ndi malingaliro a bungweli.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zokwana $400 za ma scarf a cashmere omwe ali ndi zilembo zolakwika zimatha kusunga chidebe cha $60,000 cha zovala zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi malamulo chifukwa chakuti adagawana malo osungitsa. Ndalama zolipirira ndi zolipirira kusungidwa zimawonjezeka tsiku lililonse chidebe chikadutsa nthawi yake yopuma pa siteshoni, ndipo ndalamazo zimagwera kwa wotumiza kapena wotumiza kutengera zomwe zalembedwa pa mgwirizano, osati pa fakitale yomwe idalakwitsa kulemba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake otumiza katundu odziwa bwino ntchito amawona kuwunikanso kulemba ngati gawo la kukonzekera katundu wotumizidwa, pamodzi ndi kulondola kwa mndandanda wolongedza ndi kulemba makatoni, m'malo mongokhala ngati vuto la kampani kapena fakitale kuti liziyang'aniridwa payokha.

Zolemba Zomwe Ziyenera Kuyenda ndi Nsalu Zonse Zotumizidwa

Kupatula chizindikiro chenicheni chomwe chasokedwa mu chovalacho, zikalata zingapo zothandizira zimathandiza kutsimikizira kuti zomwe zikunenedwa za ulusi wa katundu wotumizidwa zimakhala zofanana komanso zotetezeka ngati zafunsidwa pamalire. Invoice yamalonda iyenera kufotokoza chinthu chilichonse ndi ulusi womwe umagwirizana ndi chizindikirocho ndendende, mpaka kuchuluka kwake, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito kufotokozera mwachidule komwe kunali kolondola pakupanga koyambirira koma kosasinthidwa kwa komwe kulipo pano.

Mndandanda wa zolongedza umapindula ndi gawo lomwelo, makamaka pamene oda imodzi yogulira imakhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena kulemera kwa nsalu zomwe zimatchedwa "zofanana", popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zina imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopaka utoto kapena zosakaniza nsalu popanda kufotokozera kwa malonda pamapepala omwe akuwonetsa kusiyana kumeneko. Ngati ilipo, satifiketi yoyesera ya fakitale yopangira nsalu kapena lipoti la labu la chipani chachitatu limawonjezera umboni wothandiza wakuti zomwe zanenedwazo zatsimikizika m'malo mongoganizira chabe, ndipo kusunga satifiketiyo pafayilo, ngakhale mwamwayi, kumapatsa wogulitsa kunja china chake chodziwikiratu choti apange mwachangu ngati CBP ipempha zikalata zothandizira panthawi yowunikira.

Palibe chilichonse mwa mapepala awa chomwe chimalepheretsa mayeso okha, koma phukusi lathunthu komanso logwirizana mkati nthawi zambiri limakhala kusiyana pakati pa kumangidwa komwe kumatha m'masiku ochepa ndi komwe kumatenga milungu ingapo pamene wogulitsa kunja akulimbikira kukonzanso zolemba pambuyo pake.

Kupanga Ukonde Woteteza Zolemba Katundu Asanatuluke Mufakitale

Njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira cholakwika cha kuchuluka kwa ulusi ndi pamene katunduyo asanapakidwe mu chidebe, osati akafika padoko la ku US. Apa ndi pomwe udindo wa wotumiza katundu umapitirira kupitirira malo osungitsa katundu ndikutsatira ndalama zonyamula katundu. Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yamanga ntchito zake zotumizira katundu kudzera pa intaneti mozungulira mtundu uwu wa mawonekedwe athunthu, ndi gulu loyambitsa lomwe limabweretsa zaka zoposa 15 za chidziwitso pa ntchito zotumizira katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, komanso luso lapadera pa njira yochokera ku China kupita ku US.

Popeza ntchito za Topway Shipping zimaphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku fakitale, malo osungiramo katundu akunja , kuchotsera katundu wa katundu, ndi kutumiza katundu wapafupi, kampaniyo ili pamalo pafupifupi onse pomwe vuto la zilembo likanatha kuonekera mosazindikira. Wotumiza katundu amene amangoona katundu padoko ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zosonyeza kusiyana kwa ulusi; mnzake amene akugwira ntchito kuyambira pa kunyamula katundu kuchokera ku fakitale mpaka kutumizira katundu komaliza amakhala ndi malo ambiri ofufuzira kuti apeze zolakwika pa zikalata zisanakhale zochitika za msonkho.

Kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe amayendetsa katundu wa panyanja wa FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pagawo lophatikiza, komwe ndi komwe SKU imodzi yosatsatira malamulo ingaike chidebe chonse chogawana pachiwopsezo. Wotumiza katundu amene akumvetsa chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa ulusi ndi dziko lochokera kuyenera kukhala kofanana pa chizindikiro chosokedwa, hangtag, mndandanda wolongedza, ndi invoice yamalonda amakhala pamalo abwino ofunsa funso loyenera panthawi yosungitsa, chidebecho chisanatsekedwe, m'malo molemba kale CBP. Kuphatikiza ntchito yodalirika yonyamula katundu wa panyanja ndi chidziwitso chodziwitsidwa bwino za chiopsezo cholemba nsalu ndi njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yomwe mnzanu woyendetsa katundu amawonjezera phindu kuposa kungosuntha mabokosi kuchokera kudziko lina kupita ku lina.

Njira Yothandiza Yoganizira Zokhudza Kuwunikanso Kutumiza Zinthu Pasadakhale

M'malo mowona kutsatira zomwe zili mu ulusi ngati ntchito yovomerezeka kamodzi kokha, njira yolimba kwambiri ndiyo kuipanga kuti ikhale yofanana ndi njira ina iliyonse yowunikira khalidwe la zinthu musanatumize. Musanayambe kuyitanitsa kugula, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti pepala lopangidwa ndi ulusi la fakitale likuwonetsa nsalu yeniyeni yomalizidwa, kuphatikizapo trace elastane, spandex, kapena ulusi wosakaniza womwe ungachotsedwe mwakachetechete kuchokera pamapepala chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti sizikugwira ntchito popanga.

Zitsanzo zikavomerezedwa, mawu a chizindikirocho ayenera kuwonedwanso motsutsana ndi mndandanda wa mayina a ulusi wa FTC womwe ulipo, makamaka pa ulusi watsopano wopangidwanso kapena wopangidwa pang'ono pomwe mawu otsatsa monga "bamboo" kapena "eco-cotton" amatha kuchoka pa zomwe malamulo aku US amafuna pa chizindikirocho. Ndipo m'masiku omaliza katundu asanasungidwe, kugwirizanitsa chizindikiro chosokedwa, hangtag, mndandanda wolongedza, ndi invoice yamalonda motsutsana wina ndi mnzake kumatseka kuzungulira, chifukwa zikalatazi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana pazigawo zosiyanasiyana kotero kuti kusagwirizana pang'ono kumalowa popanda aliyense kuzindikira mpaka mkulu wofufuza atachita zimenezo.

Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimafuna mapulogalamu apamwamba kapena dipatimenti yayikulu yotsata malamulo. Chomwe amafunikira ndi chizolowezi, komanso mnzanu wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu wofunitsitsa kufunsa funsoli m'malo mongosungitsa katundu aliyense amene wapezeka pakhomo la nyumba yosungiramo katundu.

Zimathandizanso kuona kuwunikanso zilembo ngati ubale wopitilira m'malo mongoyang'ana ntchito yotumiza katundu yokha. Mafakitale amasintha ogulitsa nsalu, kusintha kwa utoto, ndi kalembedwe komwe kanali kogwirizana nyengo yatha kumatha kusiya kutsatira malamulo nyengo ino popanda chisankho chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka cholakwika kwambiri padera. Ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja omwe amagwira ntchito ndi kampani yotumiza katundu yomweyi nyengo zambiri amapatsa mnzanuyo zomwe zimafunika kuzindikira pamene china chake chasintha, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala nthawi yoyambirira komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri pomwe vuto la zilembo lingakonzedwebe lisanafike nthawi yotumizira.

Kutsiliza

Kulemba zinthu za fiber pamwamba pake kumawoneka ngati tsatanetsatane wocheperako wobisika m'nyanja ya nkhawa zazikulu zokhudzana ndi unyolo wogulira: mitengo, mitengo yonyamula katundu, nthawi yoyendera, kuchuluka kwa katundu wosungidwa. Mwachidule, ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimafala komanso zopewera kuti katundu achotsedwe, kuchedwa, kapena kukanidwa pamalire a US. Malamulo omwe ali pansi pa Textile Fiber Products Identification Act ndi Wool Products Labeling Act ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza udindo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti cholinga sichipereka chitetezo chizindikiro chikalakwika, ndipo kuwonongeka kwachuma kumayambira ku zilango za boma za FTC kudzera mu ndalama zosungidwa za CBP mpaka ku maoda otayika ogula.

Kwa otumiza katundu ndi otumiza katundu kuchokera ku China, mfundo yofunika kuiganizira ndi yakuti kuwunikanso zilembo za katundu kuyenera kuchitika kale kuposa momwe magulu ambiri amanenera panopa, makamaka katundu asanapakidwe m'malo motumizidwa ku doko. Mnzake wothandizana ndi zoyendera katundu amene amamvetsetsa kayendedwe ka katundu komanso zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha zikalata zomwe amayenda nazo, mtundu wa njira yonse yomwe Topway Shipping imagwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa katundu woyamba, kusungiramo katundu kunja kwa dziko, kuchotsa katundu m'magalimoto, komanso kutumiza katundu wapafupi, kumasintha kutsata kwa zinthu za ulusi kuchokera ku kuthamangitsa katundu kukhala gawo lachizolowezi lotumizira katundu kudzera m'malire nthawi yoyamba.

Ibibazo

Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa lamulo la Textile Fiber Products Identification Act ndi lamulo la Ubweya wa Products Labeling Act ndi kotani?

A: TFPIA imakhudza zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa nsalu ndipo imafuna kuti ulusi ukhale wochuluka, komwe umachokera, komanso kuti wopanga kapena RN adziwe zomwe zili pa chizindikirocho. Lamulo Lolemba Zinthu za Ubweya limagwira ntchito makamaka pazinthu zomwe zili ndi ubweya ndipo limawonjezera zofunikira monga kuulula ngati ubweyawo ndi wosasinthika kapena wobwezeretsedwanso ndikutchula ulusi wapadera monga cashmere kapena mohair payekhapayekha.

Q: Kodi wopanga angachepetse kuchuluka kwa ulusi pang'ono pa chizindikirocho mpaka zero?

Yankho: Kawirikawiri ayi. Kuchuluka kwa ulusi kuyenera kuwonetsa kapangidwe kake kameneka potengera kulemera kwake, ndipo kutaya ulusi wochepa monga spandex kapena elastane chifukwa zimawoneka zazing'ono ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri polemba zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulakwitsa kwa dzina.

Q: Kodi CBP imayang'ana zilembo za fiber pa doko, kapena FTC yokha?

A: Mabungwe onse awiri akhoza kuchitapo kanthu. CBP ili ndi mphamvu zodziyimira payokha zogwira kapena kuyang'ana katundu polowera kutengera zolemba kapena kuyang'aniridwa, pomwe FTC imakhazikitsa zilango za anthu chifukwa cha kusokoneza dzina la katundu. Kutumiza katundu kumatha kuchedwa ndi CBP ngakhale FTC isanayambe kuganizira za zomwe zachitika.

Q: Kodi ndizokwanira ngati ulusi womwe uli pa hangtag ndi wolondola koma chizindikiro chosokedwacho ndi cholakwika?

A: Ayi. Chizindikiro cha hangtag ndi chizindikiro chosokedwa chokhazikika zimatsatira malamulo olembera, ndipo kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa FTC kunapatsa ma hangtag kusinthasintha kwambiri chifukwa chizindikiro chokhazikika chikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso cholondola cha fiber.

Q: Kodi kampani yotumiza katundu ingathandize bwanji kupewa mavuto okhudza kulemba zinthu zokhudzana ndi ulusi?

Yankho: Wotumiza katundu amene amagwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kunyamula katundu m'fakitale mpaka kuchotsa katundu m'mafakitale ndi kutumiza katundu komaliza, ali ndi mwayi wambiri wopeza kusagwirizana pakati pa chizindikiro, mndandanda wa katundu wolongedza katundu, ndi invoice yamalonda katunduyo asanasungidwe, zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kuthetsa vuto lomweli chidebe chikasungidwa padoko la ku US.