Zimene Ogulitsa Kunja ku China Amalakwitsa Pa Zofunikira za Kasitomu ku Italy
Introduction
Anthu ambiri ochokera ku China amaphunzira movutikira chaka chilichonse kuti kutumiza katundu ku Italy kumafuna zambiri kuposa kungobwereka chidebe ndikusindikiza chizindikiro. Italy ndi membala wa EU, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malamulo ake a kasitomu ndi ena mwa malamulo okhwima kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. N'zovuta ngakhale kwa ogulitsa odziwa bwino ntchito kutsatira malamulo onse chifukwa cha njira zodzitetezera zamalonda pamlingo wa EU, misonkho yokhudza Italy, komanso njira yowunikira ya Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli, yomwe ikukhala ya digito komanso yoyendetsedwa ndi deta.
Nthawi zambiri, vuto si njiru. Mavuto ambiri a misonkho pakati pa China ndi Italy amachokera ku malingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amaganiza kuti mawonekedwe a zikalata omwe adagwira ntchito ku US adzagwira ntchito ku Italy, kuti HS code yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chatha ikadali yolondola, ndipo mtengo wotsika wolengezedwa ndi njira yosungira ndalama m'malo mochita zachinyengo. Mu 2026, EU idzachotsa malire a €150 opanda msonkho pamaphukusi ang'onoang'ono kuyambira pa Julayi 1. Nthawi yomweyo, misonkho yatsopano yotsutsa kutaya zinthu zadothi ku China idzafika pa 79%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira za kulakwitsa mapepala sizinakhalepo zazikulu.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mavuto akuluakulu omwe ogulitsa katundu ochokera ku China amakumana nawo akamatumiza katundu ku Italy, ikufotokoza malamulo omwe amapangitsa kuti zolakwikazi zitheke, ndipo ikupereka malangizo othandiza amomwe mungatumizire katundu moyera. Imagwiritsa ntchito malamulo aposachedwa kwambiri a EU okhudza kasitomu, deta yamalonda, ndi ukadaulo weniweni woyang'anira zinthu zodutsa malire pakati pa China ndi Europe.
Malo Olamulira: Italy Sili Ngati Misika Ina
Mayiko a United States, Southeast Asia, ndi Gulf ndi misika yofunika kwambiri yotumizira kunja ku China, koma palibe ngakhale imodzi mwa misikayi yomwe ili ndi malamulo a kasitomu omwe ndi ovuta ngati a EU. Italy ikutsatira Union Customs Code (UCC) ya EU, yomwe idatenga udindo wa Community Customs Code mu 2016. UCC imapanga malamulo onse amomwe angagwirire ntchito bizinesi iliyonse yotumiza kunja, kuphatikiza mapepala, njira, ndi IT. Kuphatikiza pa maudindo a UCC, Italy imawonjezera zofunikira zake zachuma, kuphatikiza kulembetsa ma invoice apakompyuta mokakamizidwa pansi pa dongosolo la Codice Destinatario (SDI) la zochitika zamalonda za B2B, ndi zomangamanga zozindikiritsa misonkho zomwe zilibe chofanana mwachindunji m'malo olamulira aku China kapena aku America.
Bungwe la Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli (ADM) limayendetsa miyambo ya ku Italy. Limagwiritsa ntchito makina apakompyuta a AIDA kukonza zilengezo ndikuwunika deta kuchokera ku ma database onse a EU nthawi yeniyeni. Chofunika kwambiri kuti ogulitsa aku China adziwe ndichakuti miyambo ya ku Italy sigwira ntchito motsatira chifuniro chabwino kapena nzeru wamba. Dongosololi lidzawonetsa zokha mapepala aliwonse omwe akusowa, osagwirizana, kapena olakwika, ngakhale pang'ono. Katundu adzasungidwa mpaka vutoli litathetsedwa. Palibe njira yovomerezeka yopewera vutoli.
Italy ndi yovuta kuchita bizinesi nayo kuposa Germany kapena Netherlands pazifukwa zingapo: Kukonza zinthu zakunja ku Italy kungatenge nthawi yayitali panthawi yotanganidwa, netiweki yolumikizira zinthu ku Italy ndi yovuta kwambiri pakukonzekera zinthu zomaliza, ndipo otumiza zinthu ku Italy nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malamulo enieni amisonkho okhudza ma invoice omwe otumiza katundu aku China sazolowera kutsatira. Katundu woyamba asanachoke ku Shenzhen kapena Shanghai, muyenera kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku.
Cholakwika #1 — Kulakwitsa Kupeza Khodi ya HS
Khodi ya Harmonized System (HS) ndiyo mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa chilengezo chilichonse cha kasitomu. Khodiyi imakuuzani kuchuluka kwa msonkho komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati njira zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu zayambitsidwa, ngati chizindikiro cha CE kapena satifiketi ina ikufunika, komanso ngati katunduyo adzachotsedwa kapena kukokedwa kuti akawunikenso. Ndipo iyi ndi mfundo yomwe ogulitsa aku China amalakwitsa kuposa ina iliyonse.
Kusamveka bwino ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa cholakwika ichi. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito khodi yayikulu ya manambala 4 kapena 6 pamene makasitomala aku Italy akufunika khodi ya EU TARIC ya manambala 8 kuti aike chinthucho m'gulu lolondola. Mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri ndi kusalemba bwino, komwe kungachitike mwadala kapena mwangozi. Apa ndi pamene chinthu chapatsidwa khodi yomwe ili ndi msonkho wotsika kapena zofunikira zochepa kuposa khodi yoyenera. Akuluakulu a misonkho ku Italy ndi EU amasunga ma database a mitengo yazinthu ndipo nthawi zonse amafufuza mitengo ndi magulu omwe anthu amalengeza. Mwachitsanzo, kutumiza kwa magetsi a LED omwe adalengezedwa pansi pa khodi ya zida zamagetsi zoyambira nthawi zambiri kumalembedwa kuti kuwunikidwenso. Zinthu zikasinthidwanso m'malire, woitanitsa katunduyo ayenera kulipira osati mtengo woyenera wa msonkho komanso chindapusa chomwe chingatheke, ndipo nthawi zina, kufufuza za kulengeza molakwika.
Musanasungitse katundu aliyense, muyenera kuyang'ana nambala ya TARIC ya manambala 8 pa katundu aliyense pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba la Access2Markets la European Commission kapena database ya TARIC mwachindunji. Ngati pali chisokonezo chenicheni pa kugawa katundu m'magulu, monga momwe zingachitikire ndi zinthu zovuta kapena zogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri, chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita ndikufunsa makasitomala aku Italy kuti atsimikizire za Binding Tariff Information (BTI) pasadakhale. Chigamulo cha BTI chimapereka kugawa katundu movomerezeka mwalamulo komwe makasitomala sangakayikire pambuyo pake, chifukwa chake palibe kukayika kwa moyo wonse wa chigamulocho.
Cholakwika #2 — Kuchepa kwa mtengo wa invoice
Kuti muchepetse msonkho ndi ndalama za VAT, anthu omwe sapereka mtengo woyenera wa invoice amanena kuti mtengo wa kasitomu ndi wotsika kuposa mtengo weniweni wa malonda. Izi ndi zosemphana ndi lamulo, koma zimachitika kwambiri m'madera ena a malonda apaintaneti ochokera ku China kupita ku EU. Mu 2026, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzipewa.
Kasitomu wa ku Italy amawerengera ndalama zomwe ayenera kulipira kutengera mtengo wa CIF (Cost, Inshuwalansi, Freight) wa zinthuzo. Uwu ndi mtengo wa katunduyo kuphatikiza mtengo wotumizira ndi inshuwaransi kupita ku doko lolowera ku Italy. Muyenera kulengeza molondola magawo onsewa. EU ikuganiza kuti mpaka 65% ya mapaketi ochokera kunja kwa EU achotsedwa dala. Poyankha, European Commission yafulumizitsa milandu ndi ndalama zambiri. Mtengo wopanda msonkho wa €150 sudzakhalaponso kuyambira pa Julayi 1, 2026. Izi makamaka chifukwa nsanja zamalonda zapaintaneti zaku China zakhala zikuchepetsa mtengo wa katundu. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, mapaketi onse omwe akubwera ku Italy, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi ofunika bwanji, ayenera kudutsa pamisonkhano ndi kulipira ndalama zokhazikika za €3 pa phukusi lililonse.
Ponena za kutumiza katundu ku B2B kumayiko ena akuluakulu, misonkho yaku Italy ndi yokhwima kwambiri. ADM ili ndi ma database a mitengo yofotokozera mitundu ya katundu wotumizidwa ku China. Ngati invoice ili yotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo woyembekezeredwa wamsika wa mtundu umenewo wa katundu, idzazindikirika yokha. Izi zikachitika, misonkho imatha kudziwa mtengo wa misonkho yokha, zomwe nthawi zambiri amachita kumapeto kwa mndandanda wofotokozera. Wotumiza katundu ayenera kulipira bilu ya msonkho kutengera mtengo watsopano, kuphatikiza chindapusa chilichonse. Ngati kutsika mtengo kwa zinthu mwadongosolo kwawululidwa, wotumiza katunduyo akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu wachinyengo cha misonkho ndikuimbidwa mlandu waupandu.
Chokhacho choyenera kuchita ndi kunena mtengo weniweni wa malonda monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa invoice yamalonda. Ngati mtengo uli wotsika kwambiri chifukwa wogulitsa kunja ndiye wopanga kapena chifukwa cha kuchotsera kwakukulu, nkhani ya bizinesi yotereyi iyenera kulembedwa bwino ndikupezeka ngati mupempha. Kuchepetsa mtengo si njira yosungira ndalama; ndi ngongole yomwe iyenera kubwezedwa, nthawi zambiri panthawi yovuta kwambiri.
Cholakwika #3 — Vuto la Nambala ya EORI
Nambala ya Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) ndiyo njira yofunika ya EU yodziwira bizinesi iliyonse yomwe imachita bizinesi kudutsa malire, kaya ikutumiza, kutumiza kunja, kapena kugwira ntchito ngati chonyamulira. Ngati chilengezo cha kasitomu chilibe nambala yovomerezeka ya EORI, zinthuzo zidzayimitsidwa pamalire. Palibe chosiyana ndi omwe amabwera koyamba, palibe nthawi yopuma, komanso palibe njira yopulumukira mwachisawawa. Bungwe la Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli limayang'anira kulembetsa kwa EORI ku Italy. Nambalayi imayamba ndi "IT" ndipo imatsatiridwa ndi nambala ya VAT ya ku Italy ya wotumiza kunja (Partita IVA).
Ogulitsa kunja aku China nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa poganiza kuti kutsatira malamulo a EORI ndi udindo wa wogula ku Italy. Izi ndi zoona pankhani ya DAP (Delivered At Place) kapena kutumiza kwa EXW: wotumiza katundu wolembedwa ndiye amene amayang'anira kulembetsa kwawo kwa EORI. Koma ogulitsa ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati aku Italy sanayang'ane bwino momwe zinthu zilili pa EORI, makamaka ngati kale ankadalira malire a €150 opanda msonkho pa katundu wotumizidwa pang'ono. Pofika mu Disembala 2024, ngakhale anthu achinsinsi omwe amabweretsa zinthu zawo ku EU kudzera ku Italy adzafunika EORI yovomerezeka kapena code yandalama kuti adutse pa kasitomu popanda vuto lililonse. Wogula waku Italy akamalephera kuchita zinthu za kasitomu, wogulitsa katundu amene samayang'ana kuti atsimikizire kuti EORI yovomerezeka ilipo asanatumize nthawi zina amakhala ndi katundu woyembekezera pa doko la Genoa ndikuwonjezera ndalama zosungira tsiku lililonse.
Yankho losavuta ndikuyang'ana nambala ya EORI ya wotumiza katundu nthawi yomweyo pa European Commission's EORI Validation Portal musanakonze kutumiza kulikonse. Kutumizako sikuyenera kutumizidwa mpaka wotumiza katundu waku Italy atapeza EORI yogwira ntchito. Makampani omwe ali kunja kwa EU omwe alibe kulembetsa kwa bizinesi yaku Italy akhoza kulemba ntchito Woyimira Kasitomu Wosalunjika, yomwe ndi bizinesi yolembetsedwa ku Italy ndipo ili ndi udindo pa kasitomu m'malo mwawo. Munthuyu angawathandize kupeza EORI ndikumaliza kulengeza zotumiza katundu. Mgwirizanowu ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe amatumiza DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi omwe amayang'anira kuchotsa katundu ku Italy.
Cholakwika #4 — Kusowa kwa CE Marking ndi Kutsatira Malamulo a Zamalonda
Chizindikiro cha CE sichikutanthauza kuti chilichonse chili ndi khalidwe lapamwamba. Ndi udindo walamulo kuti chinthu chikwaniritse miyezo yonse ya zaumoyo, chitetezo, komanso chilengedwe ya EU. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe anthu ambiri samvetsa bwino malamulo a EU kwa ogulitsa kunja aku China. Kungoti chinthu chili ndi chizindikiro cha CE sizikutanthauza kuti ndi chapamwamba. Zimangotanthauza kuti wopanga wayang'ana motsatira malamulo a EU ndipo wanena kuti akukwaniritsa. Chizindikiro cha CE chisanayikidwe pa mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zolamulidwa, bungwe lovomerezeka lodziwika kuti Notified Body liyenera kutsimikizira kuti likutsatira malamulowo.
Magulu a zinthu zomwe zimafunikira satifiketi ya CE zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakutumiza kunja kwa China ku Italy ndi zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi (Low Voltage Directive), makina, zoseweretsa, zida zodzitetezera, zida zachipatala, ndi zida zama wailesi. Lamulo la General Product Safety Regulation la EU (GPSR 2023/988/EU) lapatsa mphamvu yowunikira msika kuyambira Disembala 2024. Tsopano akhoza kusunga katundu pamalire mpaka katundu wakunja atatulutsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati zikalata zotsatizana ndi CE zikusowa, katunduyo akhoza kuchotsedwa pagawo lowunikira ntchito ndipo amasungidwabe ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi msika. Katundu aliyense wolamulidwa kapena phukusi lake ayeneranso kutchula Munthu Wodalirika wa EU, bungwe lovomerezeka ku EU lomwe limatenga udindo wotsatira malamulo a malonda m'malo mwa wopanga yemwe si wa EU.
Ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe amapanga katundu wa ku Italy kapena EU ndipo alibe njira zotsatirira malamulo a CE akudziika pachiwopsezo choposa kungotumiza mochedwa. Amakhala pachiwopsezo choti katundu wawo akanidwe ndikubwezedwa pamtengo wawo, katunduyo awonongeke, ndikuwononga ubale wawo wamalonda ndi ogula awo aku Italy, omwe adzayenera kuthana ndi zilango kumalire a Italy.
Cholakwika #5 — Kusokoneza EUR.1 ndi Satifiketi Yoyenera Yoyambira
Palibe mgwirizano wamalonda waulere pakati pa China ndi EU. Ogulitsa kunja ambiri aku China sadziwa kapena sakusamala za mfundo iyi akamakonzekera mapepala awo otumizira kunja.
Satifiketi ya EUR.1 ndi mtundu wapadera wa satifiketi yoyambira yomwe imakulolani kulipira misonkho yotsika motsatira mapangano a EU amalonda aulere. Imagwira ntchito pa kutumiza katundu kuchokera kumayiko omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wamalonda aulere (FTA) ndi EU. Izi zikuphatikizapo mayiko ena aku Mediterranean ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka omwe amapindula ndi Generalized Scheme of Preferences ya EU. Mndandandawu sukuphatikizapo China. Kutumiza satifiketi ya EUR.1 ya katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku Italy sikuti ndi kolakwika kokha, komanso kumanena zabodza komwe katunduyo adachokera, zomwe ndi chinyengo cha misonkho chomwe chingayambitse kuyesedwanso kwa msonkho ndi zilango.
M'malo mwake, ogulitsa katundu ochokera ku China ayenera kupeza Satifiketi Yoyambira Yosasankha kuchokera ku China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) kapena chipinda chovomerezeka chamalonda. Chikalatachi sichikupatsani msonkho wapadera, chifukwa palibe msonkho wapadera wa katundu waku China womwe uli pansi pa mitengo ya EU TARIC. Komabe, chimazindikira bwino dziko lomwe linachokera, lomwe ndi lofunikira powerengera msonkho woyenera, kudziwa msonkho wotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu, komanso kusunga deta yamalonda. Ngati zinthuzo zili mgulu la malonda lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi ADD kapena kuyang'aniridwa kwa komwe kumachokera, kasitomu waku Italy adzapempha. Kukhala nacho chokonzeka komanso chopezeka sitimayo isanafike kumaletsa kuchedwa kwa chilolezo.
Cholakwika #6 — Kunyalanyaza Ntchito Zotsutsana ndi Kutaya Zinthu
Misonkho yoletsa kutaya katundu (ADD) ndi imodzi mwa zodabwitsa zoopsa kwambiri kwa ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe sanamalize kafukufuku wawo. Kafukufuku akapeza kuti zinthu zina zochokera ku China zikuperekedwa pamitengo yotsika mtengo pamsika komanso m'njira zomwe zimavulaza magawo am'deralo a EU, EU imalipiritsa misonkho yowonjezera pa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Ndalamazi zimawonjezedwa pamwamba pa mitengo yanthawi zonse ya TARIC ndipo zimatha kukhala zokwera kwambiri.
Mu February 2026, EU idapereka msonkho womaliza woletsa kutaya zinthu ndi 79% pa mbale ndi ziwiya zakukhitchini zaku China. Izi zidakwezedwa kuchokera pamitengo yam'mbuyomu, yomwe idasiyana kuchokera pa 13% mpaka 36%. Munthu amene ankagulitsa makapu a ceramic ku Italy ankaganiza kuti ayenera kulipira msonkho wofanana ndi wa wina aliyense. Tsopano ayenera kulipira pafupifupi katatu kuposa pamenepo. Zinthu zachitsulo, mapanelo a dzuwa, njinga zamagetsi, ndi mndandanda wazinthu zina zomwe zikukula nazonso zikutsatira malamulo ofanana a ADD. Mu 2025 ndi 2026, EU idawonjezeranso kafukufuku wake. Mu Ogasiti 2025, adapeza umboni womwe udapangitsa kuti pakhale misonkho yanthawi yochepa pa chimanga chokoma chosungidwa kuchokera ku China. Misonkho iyi idatsimikiziridwa pakati pa 2026.
Wogulitsa katundu asanapereke mtengo womaliza kwa wogula waku Italy kapena wa ku EU, wotumiza katunduyo ayenera kuyang'ana database ya TARIC osati mtengo wamba wokha komanso ADD, misonkho yotsutsana, kapena njira zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku katundu wochokera ku China. Nthawi zina, njira izi ndi za zinthu zina ndi opanga. Mwachitsanzo, opanga ena omwe adagwira ntchito ndi kafukufuku wa EU akhoza kukhala ndi mitengo yotsika kuposa mtengo wa dzikolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chekecho chiyenera kukhala chokwanira, osati mwachangu chabe.
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | ADD rate (China) | Tsiku Lokwanira | zolemba |
| Ziwiya za patebulo ndi za kukhitchini zopangidwa ndi ceramic | 79% (dziko lonse) | 7 Feb 2026 | Kuyambira pa 13–36% kale; imagwira ntchito kwa zaka 5 |
| Zinthu zachitsulo (zosiyanasiyana) | Zimasiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala | Kupitirira | Njira zingapo zotetezera za EU ndi ADD zikugwira ntchito |
| Mapanelo a dzuwa / zinthu za photovoltaic | Zimasintha | Kupitirira | Kutengera ndemanga zodzitetezera zamalonda zomwe zikupitilira |
| Chimanga chokoma chosungidwa | Ntchito zenizeni (10–50%) | Mid-2026 | Yatsimikizika pambuyo pa kafukufuku wa EU; ntchito zosakhalitsa zomwe zaperekedwa mu Ogasiti 2025 |
| Ma E-bikes (magulu ena) | Zimasiyana malinga ndi wopanga | Kupitirira | Yang'anani ma database a EU TARIC ndi OLAF kuti muwone mitengo yeniyeni ya opanga |
Magwero: EU Official Journal, Amfori Trade & Customs Updates, Customs Support Group, EU TARIC database, Epulo 2026.
Cholakwika #7 — Kupeputsa VAT ndi Kuvuta kwa Ndalama ku Italy
Katundu akabwera ku Italy kuchokera kunja kwa EU, VAT imalipidwa pamalire, mosasamala kanthu kuti malamulo ogulitsa ndi otani. Mtengo wa CIF wa zinthuzo kuphatikiza ndalama zoyenera zolowera ndi zomwe VAT imagwiritsa ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti VAT imawonjezeredwa ku msonkho, osati mtengo wa zinthu zokha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri aku China omwe amatumiza kunja DDP azikhala ndi ngongole yayikulu yopezera ndalama, ndipo sazindikira kapena sakukonzekera bwino pamtengo wamba wa 22 peresenti. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya VAT ku Italy ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu.
| Mtengo wa VAT | mlingo | Common Product Categories |
| Mtengo wokhazikika | 22% | Zamagetsi, zovala, mipando, makina, zinthu zambiri zopangidwa |
| Kuchepetsa | 10% | Zakudya zina, zinthu zapakhomo, ntchito zina zomanga |
| Chiwongola dzanja chotsika kwambiri | 5% | Zinthu zina zofunika paumoyo ndi thanzi |
| Mtengo wocheperako | 4% | Chakudya choyambira, mabuku, mankhwala, mabuku a kusukulu |
Chitsime: Italy Revenue Agency (Agenzia delle Entrate), malamulo a EU VAT ku Italy, Epulo 2026.
Kuwonjezera pa kudziwa VAT, kutumiza kwa B2B kwa ogula aku Italy kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pankhani ya misonkho. Pazochitika zonse za B2B mkati mwa Italy, mabizinesi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolipirira yamagetsi ya Sistema di Interscambio (SDI). Pogula katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena, ogula aku Italy angapemphe kuti invoice yamalonda ya ogulitsayo iphatikizepo Codice Destinatario yawo, yomwe ndi code ya SDI yoyendetsera makina awo olipirira yamagetsi. Izi si zofunika pamisonkhano ya EU, koma ngati simutsatira, zitha kupangitsa kuti wogula waku Italy avutike kubweza VAT yake ndikuyambitsa mavuto muubwenzi wabizinesi.
Makampani ochokera kunja kwa EU omwe amanyamula DDP kupita ku Italy ndipo alibe kulembetsa bizinesi ku Italy ayenera kulemba ntchito woimira zachuma, lomwe ndi bungwe lolembetsedwa m'deralo lomwe limayang'anira zofunikira za VAT ku Italy. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mumalize kubweza VAT yochokera kunja ndikubweza VAT yolowera ngati ali oyenerera. Ichi ndi chofunikira chalamulo, osati chisankho cha oyang'anira. Ngati mulibe malo ake musanatumize DDP yoyamba, mutha kukhala ndi mlandu, zomwe zingakhale zovuta komanso zodula kutuluka.
Cholakwika #8 — Kusowa kwa Chilengezo cha Chidule cha ICS2
Kuyambira mu Epulo 2025, dongosolo la EU lolamulira katundu wolowa m'dziko la EU (ICS2) Release 2 lakhala likugwira ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya mayendedwe olowa m'dziko la EU, ngakhale katundu wa m'madzi. Katundu asananyamulidwe mu ndege kapena sitima yapamadzi. katundu wapanyanja, ICS2 imafuna kuti Chilengezo cha Chidule cha Entry Summary (ENS) chipangidwe pakompyuta. Izi ziyenera kuchitika sitimayo isanafike pa doko loyamba la EU. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ENS iyenera kuperekedwa ndikuvomerezedwa sitimayo isanayime kuti ikatumize katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Genoa kapena madoko ena aku Italy.
Ngati kutsimikizira kwa ICS2 kwalephera, wonyamula katundu, broker wa kasitomu, kapena wolowetsa katundu sangasinthe malangizo oti musakweze kapena musakweze katundu. Palibe nthawi yokonza deta yosakwanira kapena kupanga zosiyana. Osachepera, ENS iyenera kudziwa kufotokozera kolondola kwa katunduyo, HS code pamlingo wa manambala 6, dziko lochokera, EORI ya wotumiza, ndi zambiri za wotumiza katunduyo. Mafotokozedwe omwe ndi osamveka bwino kapena wamba, monga "katundu wamba" kapena "katundu wosiyanasiyana," sadzaloledwanso ndipo adzapangitsa kuti chilengezocho chilephereke kutsimikizira katunduyo.
Ogulitsa katundu ku China ayenera kupereka kwa wotumiza katundu kapena broker wa kasitomu yemwe adzayang'anira zolondola komanso zonse zokhudza kutumiza katundu ku Italy asananyamulidwe katundu ku China. Simungathe kutumiza mndandanda wokakamizika wonyamula katundu sitimayo ikachokanso. Mnzanu aliyense wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu amene sakuonetsetsa kuti katundu wopita ku EU akutsatira malamulo a ICS2 akuika makasitomala awo pachiwopsezo chochedwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kufotokozera Mwachangu: Zolakwa Zofala Mwachidule
| Common Kulakwitsa | Zimene Zimachitikadi | Mmene Mungakhazikitsire |
| Khodi ya HS yolakwika kapena yosamveka bwino | Mbendera ya msonkho yokha; kuwunikanso ntchito; kuwunika komwe kungatheke | Gwiritsani ntchito database ya EU TARIC kuti mutsimikizire khodi ya manambala 8 musanatumize chilichonse |
| Kutsika kwa mtengo wa invoice | Kutumiza kwachitika; kuwunikanso kwathunthu kwa CIF; kufufuza za chindapusa ndi zachinyengo | Lengezani mtengo weniweni wa malonda kuphatikizapo katundu ndi inshuwaransi |
| Nambala ya EORI yosowa kapena yolakwika | Katundu watsekedwa pamalire; ndalama zosungira tsiku ndi tsiku zimawonjezeka | Lembetsani ku Agenzia delle Dogane musanatumize koyamba; tsimikizirani pa tsamba la EU |
| Palibe zikalata zosonyeza chizindikiro cha CE / zosoweka | Kusungidwa kwa anthu omwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi msika; katundu wokanidwa kapena kubwezedwa | Pezani Chikalata cha EU Chotsimikizira Kugwirizana ndi Chizindikiro cha CE musanatumize kunja. |
| Satifiketi ya EUR.1 yaperekedwa (yosavomerezeka ku China) | Chikalata cha msonkho wapadela chakanidwa; chiwongola dzanja cha TARIC chagwiritsidwa ntchito | Gwiritsani ntchito Satifiketi Yoyambira Yosakondera (CCPIT kapena chipinda choperekedwa) |
| Palibe chidule cha kulowa musanafike (ICS2 sinatsatire malamulo) | Malangizo oti musakweze katundu aperekedwa musananyamuke; kutumiza kwayimitsidwa | Chilengezo cha Chidule cha Kulowa kwa Fayilo (ENS) sitima isanafike monga momwe ICS2 ikufunira |
| Kunyalanyaza ntchito zoletsa kutaya katundu | Mabilu akuluakulu osayembekezereka a msonkho; zilango; milandu yokhudza woitanitsa kunja | Yang'anani mitengo ya ADD ya EU TARIC pa malonda anu musanagule mawu kwa ogula. |
Tebulo ili limapereka chiwonetsero chachangu chokha. Nthawi zonse tsimikizirani zofunikira zomwe zilipo ndi broker wa ku Italy wovomerezeka kapena wotumiza katundu musanatumize.
Momwe Kutumiza ku Topway Kumathandizira Otumiza Kunja ku China Kuchita Bwino
Kampani ya Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, yakhala ikupereka njira zoyendetsera zinthu kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010. Amadziwa bwino njira zonse zoyendetsera zinthu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yoyendetsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena. Topway yakhazikitsa njira zoyendetsera ntchito iliyonse, kuyambira kutenga katundu kuchokera ku mafakitale aku China mpaka kusungira katundu kunja kwa dziko, kuchotsa katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena, ndikutumiza katunduyo komwe akupita.
Topway imagwira ntchito zonse ziwiri zonyamula katundu wathunthu (FCL) ndi katundu wocheperako kuposa chidebe (LCL) kuchokera kumadoko akuluakulu aku China kupita ku Genoa, La Spezia, ndi zipata zina zaku Italy zomwe zili m'mbali mwa msewu wa China-Italy. Koma kutumiza ndi mbali imodzi yokha ya chithunzichi. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa Topway ndi chidziwitso cha misonkho chomwe chimapereka ku katundu aliyense wotumizidwa. Gululi limayang'ana ma HS codes motsutsana ndi database ya EU TARIC, momwe EORI ikulembetsera mbali ya Italy, zofunikira za CE pagulu la malonda, ndi zilengezo zolowera zisanachitike kuti makasitomala aku Italy ayambe kukonza katunduyo sitimayo isanafike. Njira yowunikirayi isananyamuke si mwambo chabe. Ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutumiza kukhale kosiyana mkati mwa maola 24 mpaka 48 ndi katundu amene amakhala ku Genoa kwa milungu iwiri ndikuwonjezera ndalama zosungira.
Topway ikhoza kuwunikanso malamulo a kutumiza katundu ku China omwe ndi atsopano pamsika waku Italy kapena omwe adakumana ndi mavuto ndi misonkho pa katundu wakale. Ndemanga iyi ikuyang'ana mapepala anu, magulu azinthu, komanso kukonzekera kwa wogula waku Italy kugula katundu musanapereke katundu aliyense. Mu 2026, pamene malamulo akukhwima, si chinthu chapamwamba kukhala ndi mnzanu wodziwa zonse zokhudza kutumiza katundu ku China komanso mbali zonse za mgwirizano wa ku Italy. Zimasunga katundu wanu kuyenda bwino komanso makasitomala anu akusangalala.
Kutsiliza
Miyambo ya ku Italy si msika wovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma imalanga anthu omwe sakonzekera mwachangu komanso mwankhanza. Zolakwika zomwe zalembedwa m'nkhaniyi—ma code olakwika a HS, ma invoice osafunika, manambala a EORI osowa, zikalata za CE zosowa, zikalata zoyambira zosalondola, ndalama zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu, VAT yochepetsedwa, ndi mipata yotsatizana ndi ICS2—sizinthu zachilendo. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe ogulitsa aku China amakumana nazo tsiku lililonse akapita ku Italy pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala omwewo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito m'misika ina.
Malamulo a mu 2026 amapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsatira malamulowo, osati zosavuta. Malire a €150 opanda msonkho adzatha pa Julayi 1, ndipo tsopano pali 79 peresenti ya misonkho yotsutsana ndi kutaya zinthu zadothi zaku China. ICS2 idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira pamitundu yonse ya mayendedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ubwino wa zikalata tsopano ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pabizinesi, osati kungotsatira malamulo okhudza mayendedwe. Katundu aliyense wotumizidwa ku Genoa kapena Naples amataya ndalama zolipirira kusungira, amawononga ubale ndi wogula waku Italy, ndipo nthawi zina amayamba kufufuza komwe kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulowa pamsika.
Mu 2026, ogulitsa kunja omwe akuchita bwino pa msewu wa China-Italy onse ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: amaonetsetsa kuti mapepalawo ndi olondola kutumiza kusanachitike, ndipo amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito zoyendetsera katundu omwe amadziwa malamulo ndipo angathandize pa ntchitoyi kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Ndalama zimenezo zimapindulitsa kwambiri popewa kuchedwa, zilango, ndi kulumikizana kwa bizinesi komwe kumapitilirabe kukhala bwino.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi ogulitsa kunja aku China akufunikira nambala yawo ya EORI kuti atumize ku Italy?
A: Ngati mutumiza DDP (Delivered Duty Payed) ndipo ndinu otumiza zikalata ku Italy, mudzafunika EORI yolembetsedwa ndi malamulo a kasitomu ku Italy. Popeza mulibe bizinesi ku EU, nthawi zambiri mudzalandira izi kudzera kwa Woyimira Kasitomu Wosalunjika kapena woimira zachuma. Ngati mutumiza DAP kapena CIF, wogula waku Italy ndiye wotumiza zikalata ndipo ali ndi udindo wolembetsa EORI yawo. Komabe, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito musanatumize katunduyo.
Q: Kodi satifiketi ya EUR.1 ndi yovomerezeka pa katundu waku China wolowa ku Italy?
A: Ayi. Kwa mayiko omwe ali ndi mapangano amalonda aulere ndi EU, EUR.1 ndi satifiketi yochokera komwe amakondedwa. Palibe mgwirizano wamalonda waulere pakati pa China ndi EU. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito Satifiketi Yochokera ku CCPIT kapena chipinda chamalonda cha ku China chomwe chavomerezedwa.
Q: Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati malonda anga ali ndi udindo woletsa kutaya zinthu ku Italy?
A: Gwiritsani ntchito khodi yanu ya HS ya manambala 8 ndi China ngati dziko lochokera kuti mufufuze database ya EU TARIC pa ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric. Database iyi iwonetsa njira zonse zodzitetezera zamalonda zomwe zilipo pakadali pano, kuphatikiza njira zina zowonjezerera ADD, komanso mitengo yeniyeni ya opanga ikapezeka.
Q: Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati katundu wanga waperekedwa ndi kasitomu ku Italy kuti akawunikenso?
Yankho: Katunduyo amasungidwa pa doko lolowera mpaka atawunikidwanso. Pazochitika zosavuta, kuwunika thupi kumatha kutenga tsiku limodzi kapena asanu ogwira ntchito. Ngati mapepalawo sakwanira kapena ngati pakufunika kafukufuku wa akatswiri, amatha kutenga nthawi yayitali. Tsiku lililonse, mitengo yosungira katundu ku Genoa ndi madoko ena aku Italy imakwera. Kukhala ndi broker woyenerera wa kasitomu kapena wotumiza katundu ku Italy yemwe amakhala pa doko lolowera kumathandizira kuthetsa mavuto ambiri.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping imathandiza bwanji pakutsatira malamulo a kasitomu ku Italy?
A: Musanayike katundu aliyense ku China, Topway imayang'ana ma code a HS, momwe EORI ikulembetsera, zofunikira pakulemba CE, ndi zikalata zoyambira. Gululi limalemba mawu achidule olowera pasadakhale ndipo limagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi akuluakulu a kasitomu aku Italy kuti atsimikizire kuti katunduyo wafika pa nthawi yake. Mutha kupeza ntchito za FCL ndi LCL ku madoko akuluakulu aku Italy, ndipo chilolezo cha kasitomu chimayendetsedwa kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto.
