Kodi ndalama zolipirira (THC) ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi ndalama zingati?
Introduction
Si inu nokha amene munayang'anapo mosamala mtengo wa katundu kapena invoice yomaliza n'kumadzifunsa kuti "Terminal Handling Charge (THC)" imatanthauza chiyani. THC ndi mawu ofala kwambiri mu logistics omwe amapezeka pafupifupi pa chidebe chilichonse cha katundu wa m'nyanja, koma nthawi zambiri safotokozedwa m'Chingerezi chosavuta. Kusamvetsetsa THC kungayambitse mavuto kwa otumiza, makamaka makampani ang'onoang'ono ndi ogulitsa pa intaneti, pankhani ya mtengo womaliza wa zinthu zomwe zagulidwa.
Ndalama Zoyendetsera Malo Osungira Si "ndalama yobisika"; ndi ndalama zofunika kunyamula makontena ndi katundu kudzera m'madoko ndi malo osungiramo katundu odzaza anthu. Zimawononga ndalama kuyendetsa ma crane, malole, ma forklift, ogwira ntchito pa doko, mapepala, ndi machitidwe achitetezo. THC ndiyo njira yachibadwa yomwe malo osungiramo katundu ndi onyamula katundu amabwezerera ndalamazi, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kontena kapena kiyubiki mita/tani.
Zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri kuchokera pa doko kupita pa doko ndi chonyamulira kupita pa chonyamulira chifukwa malo am'deralo amayang'anira THC ndipo nthawi zambiri amalipiritsa kudzera pa zonyamulira kapena zonyamula katundu. Kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale kovuta kufotokoza, makamaka pamene mukuyesera kupeza chifukwa chake kutumiza kudzera pa Port A kuli kokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa katundu wofanana kudzera pa Port B.
Mu positi iyi, tifotokoza zomwe Terminal Handling Charge ili, zomwe imaphimba, mitengo yofanana ndi yomwe ili, momwe THC imawerengedwera potumiza zinthu za FCL ndi LCL, komanso momwe Incoterms imakhudzira omwe ayenera kulipira. Tidzakambirananso zochitika zenizeni ndikumaliza ndi upangiri wamomwe mungasamalire bwino THC. Pomaliza, mudzaphunzira momwe katswiri wothandizana ndi zinthu monga Topway Shipping angakuthandizireni kusunga THC ndi ndalama zanu zonse zoyendetsera zinthu.
Kumvetsetsa Ndalama Yoyendetsera Malo Ogwirira Ntchito (THC)
Ndalama Yoyendetsera Magalimoto ndi ndalama zomwe zimalipira ndalama zoyendetsera ma kontena ndi katundu pamalo oimika magalimoto. Ndi ndalama zoyendetsera chidebe chanu kapena katundu wanu kuzungulira malo oimika magalimoto, kuyambira nthawi yomwe chimalowa pachipata cha malo oimika magalimoto mpaka chitakanikidwa m'sitima, kapena kuchokera pa sitimayo kupita pachipata ikafika.
Mukatumiza zotengera zonse (FCL), THC nthawi zambiri imalipidwa pa chidebe chilichonse. Pa zotumiza zosakwana katundu wa chidebe (LCL), mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umadalira kulemera kapena kuchuluka kwa katundu wanu, monga pa mita imodzi kapena pa tani imodzi ya ndalama zomwe mumapeza. Malingaliro ake ndi ofanana, koma momwe ndalama zimaonekera pa bilu yanu zitha kukhala zosiyana kutengera momwe kampani yanu yotumiza katundu imakhazikitsira mitengo yake.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti THC nthawi zambiri sikuphatikizidwa mu katundu wapansi pa nyanja. Ngakhale kampani yotumiza katundu ikupereka mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa katundu wa m'nyanja, mtengo womaliza udzaphatikizapobe THC ndi ndalama zina za boma pa komwe katunduyo akuchokera komanso komwe akupita. Mukalandira mitengo, nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kufunsa ngati THC yaphatikizidwa kapena ayi, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, mbali iti (komwe katunduyo akuchokera, komwe akupita, kapena zonse ziwiri).
Chinthu china chomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka nacho ndi chakuti ndani amene amaika THC. Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito pa terminal amapereka ndondomeko zamitengo zomwe zimafotokozera ndalama zoyendetsera katundu. Onyamula katundu ndi otumiza katundu amawapereka, nthawi zina amawaphatikiza mu mitengo ya "zonse" yapafupi ndipo nthawi zina amawalemba kuti "THC Origin" ndi "THC Destination." THC pa doko linalake ingasinthe chaka ndi chaka chifukwa ma terminal amatha kusintha mitengo yake pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale ma terminal omwe ali mkati mwa doko lomwelo akhoza kukhala ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana pang'ono.
Kodi THC imaphimba chiyani kwenikweni?
Ndalama Yoyendetsera Malo Osungiramo Zinthu (Terminal Handling Charge) imalipira ntchito zingapo zakuthupi ndi zoyang'anira zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa potumiza katundu kudzera pa doko. Kusanthula kwenikweni kungakhale kosiyana pa doko lililonse, koma mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti THC ndi mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito zomangamanga za doko, zida, ndi antchito.
M'moyo weniweni, THC nthawi zambiri imatanthauza zinthu monga kugwira chipata chamkati, kusuntha zotengera kuzungulira malo osungiramo zinthu, kuziyika m'bwalo, ndikuzikweza kapena kuzitsitsa kuchokera m'sitimayo. Zingaphatikizeponso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito makina a IT a malo osungiramo zinthu, kuyang'ana chitetezo, komanso momwe mungathanirane ndi chonyamulira ndi malo osungiramo zinthu.
Njira imodzi yosavuta yoganizira zomwe THC imaphimba ndikuwona njira ya katunduyo kudzera pa terminal.
Zochita Zachizolowezi Zophatikizidwa mu THC
| Njira Gawo | Chitsanzo Zochita | Kodi zaphimbidwa ndi THC? |
|---|---|---|
| Chipata cholowera / Chotulukira | Kuyang'ana galimoto pa chipata, kusanthula chidebe, kugawa malo a bwalo | inde |
| Kusamalira bwalo | Kusuntha chidebe chokhala ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu m'bwalo, kulongedza/kutulutsa katundu m'bwalo | inde |
| Kutsitsa/kutsitsa chombo | Ntchito zoyendera ma crane kuchokera ku gombe kupita ku sitima, kuyika makontena pa sitimayo | inde |
| Kuyang'anira malo osungira zinthu | Zolemba zoyambira, kulowetsa deta, kugwirizana ndi makina onyamulira | Kawirikawiri |
| Chitetezo ndi kuyang'anira | CCTV, njira zowongolera zolowera, makina olowera pa terminal | Kawirikawiri |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito malo owunikira misonkho | Kusamutsa chidebe kupita/kuchokera ku malo owunikira | Nthawi zina |
| Kusungirako kupitirira nthawi yaulere | Malo osungiramo zinthu pabwalo, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale | Ayi (yosiyana) |
Si malo onse ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi omwe amalemba zinthuzi padera. Nthawi zambiri, malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amavomerezana pa chidebe chilichonse cha THC, chomwe chimatumizidwa kwa wotumiza. Chofunika kukumbukira ndichakuti THC imagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthupi zomwe malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito, osati kusuntha zinthu mtunda wautali.
Nthawi zina, otumiza katundu amasakaniza THC ndi demurrage kapena kusungidwa. Chidebe chikakhala mkati mwa terminal nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yosungiramo yaulere, chimalipidwa chifukwa cha demurrage. Chidebe chikakhala kunja kwa terminal nthawi yayitali kuposa yovomerezeka, chimalipidwa chifukwa cha kusungidwa. Zonsezi ndi zilango zokhudzana ndi nthawi. Komabe, THC ndi mtengo wogwirira ntchito womwe muyenera kulipira kaya mugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanu yonse yaulere kapena ayi. Nthawi zambiri umalipidwa kamodzi pa ulendo uliwonse.
Kodi THC Imawerengedwa Bwanji?
THC nthawi zambiri imawerengedwa potengera chidebe chilichonse cha katundu wotumizidwa ndi FCL komanso potengera kulemera/voliyumu ya katundu wotumizidwa ndi LCL. Mtengo weniweni umatsimikiziridwa ndi malo otumizira katundu ndipo nthawi zambiri umadalira zinthu monga kukula kwa chidebe, mtundu wa chidebe, malo, ndi komwe chimachokera (kutumiza kunja ndi kulowetsa kunja).
Pa mlingo wosavuta, FCL THC ikhoza kukhala kuchuluka kokhazikika pa chidebe cha mamita 20 ndi kuchuluka kokhazikika pa chidebe cha mamita 40. Malo osungiramo zinthu akhoza kukhala ndi mitengo yosiyana ya zidebe zouma zokhazikika, zidebe zozizira (reefers), ndi zida zapadera monga zidebe zotseguka pamwamba kapena zokhazikika. Kugwira ntchito kovuta kwambiri kapena kogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri, THC imakhala yokwera.
Pa kutumiza katundu ku LCL, katundu wochokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana amaphatikizidwa kukhala chidebe chogawana. Zikatero, THC ya chidebe chonse nthawi zambiri imafalikira pa katundu yense kutengera kuchuluka kapena kulemera komwe kungalipidwe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina ndalama za LCL zakomweko zimawoneka zovuta kwambiri: wotumiza katundu akugawa ndalama zoyendera pakati pa makasitomala osiyanasiyana.
Malangizo nawonso ndi ofunika. Madoko ena ali ndi mitengo yosiyana ya THC yotumizira kunja ndi kunja, zomwe zikusonyeza momwe antchito am'deralo amagwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, kapena momwe msika umagwirira ntchito. M'mayiko ena, olamulira amatha kuchepetsa kapena kutsogolera kuchuluka kwa THC, pomwe m'maiko ena, malo operekera katundu ali ndi ufulu wodzipangira mitengo yawoyawo.
Malinga ndi maganizo a wotumiza, THC nthawi zambiri imakhala m'gulu lalikulu lotchedwa "zolipiritsa zakomweko" kapena "zolipiritsa zochokera/zopita". Mutha kuwona mizere ngati "THC Origin", "THC Destination", "Documentation Fee", ndi "Security Fee" zitaphatikizidwa pamodzi. Ngati mukufuna kumvetsetsa bwino ndalama zomwe mumawononga, ndikwanzeru kufunsa wopereka chithandizo cha logistics kuti akufotokozereni gawo lomwe lili gawo lothandizira.
Mitundu Yabwino Kwambiri ya THC Padziko Lonse
Mitengo ya zinthu ikhoza kukhala yayikulu kwambiri chifukwa THC imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga mitengo ya antchito am'deralo, kupanga zinthu zoyambira, zomangamanga za madoko, ndi malamulo. Madoko akuluakulu a ma hub ndi ma terminal omwe ali opangidwa bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitengo yokwera kwambiri, koma amagwiranso ntchito bwino kwambiri. Madoko omwe ndi ang'onoang'ono kapena ocheperako amatha kuwononga ndalama zochepa, koma kuchedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kungapangitse kuti ndalama zanu zonse zikwere.
Gome ili m'munsimu limapereka mitengo yokhazikika mu USD yokha ya chidebe chouma chachizolowezi. Izi si mitengo yovomerezeka, ndipo imasintha pakapita nthawi komanso malinga ndi malo ofikira, koma zimakupatsani lingaliro la kukula komwe otumiza nthawi zambiri amachita.
| Chigawo / Mtundu wa Doko | 20′ FCL Export THC (Chizindikiro) | 40′ FCL Export THC (Chizindikiro) | ndemanga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Madoko akuluakulu ku China | US $ 80 - 180 | US $ 120 - 260 | Ma terminal ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, mpikisano wamphamvu |
| Madoko akuluakulu aku US | US $ 150 - 350 | US $ 250 - 450 | Ndalama zambiri za ogwira ntchito ndi zomangamanga |
| Madoko akuluakulu a EU | US $ 120 - 280 | US $ 200 - 420 | Mitengo imasiyana pakati pa North Europe ndi Mediterranean |
| Madoko a msika wotukuka | US $ 60 - 150 | US $ 100 - 240 | Mitengo imatha kusiyana kwambiri; zomangamanga zingakhale zosapita patsogolo kwambiri |
| Transshipment hubs | US $ 90 - 220 | US $ 130 - 320 | Ntchito zovuta koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwira ntchito kwambiri |
Manambala awa ndi ongoyerekeza oyamba okha. Ma port pair, chonyamulira, terminal, ndi zida kapena ntchito zina zapadera zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito zidzakhudza THC yanu yeniyeni. Mukayang'ana LCL, simudzawona mtengo wonse wa chidebecho. M'malo mwake, mudzawona mtengo pa mita imodzi imodzi kapena pa tani imodzi yomwe ikuphatikizapo THC ndi nthawi zina ndalama zina zakomweko.
Popanga bajeti kapena kuyerekeza njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera, THC siyenera kuyang'aniridwa yokha. Iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pamodzi ndi ndalama zina zoyambira ndi zopita. Ngati doko lili lothandiza kwambiri, THC yochulukirapo ingayambitsebe kuchepetsa ndalama zonse ngati ichepetsa kuchedwa, ndalama zosungira, ndi zoopsa.
THC ya Kutumiza kwa FCL vs LCL
THC ndi yosavuta kutumiza ku FCL. Nthawi zambiri, mumalipira ndalama zokhazikika pa chidebe chilichonse, zomwe zimadalira kukula ndi mtundu wa chidebecho. Ngati munyamula chidebe chouma cha mamita 40 kuchokera ku doko lalikulu ku China kupita ku doko lalikulu ku US, muyenera kuyembekezera kuwona THC mbali zonse ziwiri, ndipo mbali iliyonse imalipira kamodzi pa chidebe chilichonse mbali iliyonse.
THC ndi gawo la njira yovuta kwambiri yogulira katundu wa LCL. Wotumiza katundu ayenera kugawa ndalama za chidebecho, monga THC, kuphatikiza, kugawa katundu, ndi kusamalira katundu, pakati pa onse otumiza katundu chifukwa otumiza ambiri osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito chidebe chomwecho. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma invoice a LCL nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zakomweko zomwe simukuziwona mu mtengo wosavuta wa FCL.
M'moyo weniweni, LCL THC nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa pamzere monga "Zoyimitsa Zoyambira (pa CBM)" kapena "Zoyimitsa Zopita (pa CBM)." Ngakhale ndalamazo sizitchedwa THC, zikutanthauzabe chinthu chomwecho: kusuntha katundu kudzera pa terminal. Mukayerekeza zosankha za FCL ndi LCL, muyenera kuyang'ana mitengo yonyamula katundu komanso mitengo yakomweko, monga THC, kuti musankhe yomwe imakupatsani mtengo wabwino kwambiri pa unit iliyonse ya katundu.
Chitsanzo: Kuyerekeza Chithandizo cha FCL ndi LCL THC
| Mbali | FCL (Katundu Wathunthu Wachidebe) | LCL (Yochepa ndi Katundu wa Chotengera) |
|---|---|---|
| Maziko olipiritsa | Pa chidebe chilichonse (20′, 40′, ndi zina zotero) | Pa CBM iliyonse kapena pa tani ya ndalama zomwe amapeza |
| Kuwonekera pa invoice | Kawirikawiri ngati mizere yosiyana ya THC Origin / THC Destination | Kawirikawiri amaphatikizidwa mu ndalama zakomweko zomwe zimachokera/zomwe zikupita |
| Kugawa maudindo | Kulipidwa ndi chipani chomwe chili ndi udindo motsatira Incoterms | Kugawidwa pakati pa otumiza onse omwe ali mu mgwirizanowu |
| Kudziwiratu mtengo | Kukula kwakukulu kwa chidebe ndi madoko kumadziwika kale | Zimadalira kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa ndalama zomwe zingalipiridwe komanso kapangidwe kake kophatikizana |
Kwa otumiza katundu omwe amatumiza ma phukusi ambiri, FCL nthawi zambiri imakhala yodziwikiratu bwino malinga ndi THC. LCL ikhoza kukhalabe yabwino kwa otumiza katundu ang'onoang'ono, koma ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi wotumiza katundu yemwe angafotokoze momwe THC ndi ndalama zina zakomweko zimaphatikizidwira mu mtengo wa CBM iliyonse.
Ndani Amalipira THC Ndipo Liti? (Ntchito ya Incoterms)
Malamulo a Incoterms omwe avomerezedwa pakati pa wogula ndi wogulitsa amakhudza kwambiri amene amalipira THC. Malamulo a Incoterms amatchula komwe chiopsezo cha wogula ndi wogulitsa komanso maudindo a ndalama amasinthasintha. THC ndi imodzi mwa ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mbali imodzi kapena inzake.
Wogula ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wolipira pafupifupi ndalama zonse zogulitsira katundu wa wogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa, bola ngati malamulowo ali ngati EXW (Ex Works). Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo THC pamalo opakira katundu ndi kutsitsa katundu, popeza wogula ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wonyamula katundu wamkulu. Wogulitsayo safunika kuchita zambiri.
FOB (Free On Board) imatanthauza kuti wogulitsa nthawi zambiri amalipira ndalama zotumizira katunduyo ku malo onyamulira katundu, kuchotsa katundu wotumizidwa kunja, ndikuyika m'sitimayo. M'malo mwake, izi nthawi zambiri zikutanthauza kuti wogulitsa amalipira THC pamalo omwe katunduyo wachokera ndipo wogula amalipira THC pamalo omwe katunduyo wachokera. Koma miyambo ya m'deralo ikhoza kukhala yosiyana, choncho ndi bwino kufunsa kampani yanu yopereka chithandizo cha mayendedwe momwe ndalamazo zimagawidwira.
Wogulitsa amalipira ndikukonza katundu wamkulu wapanyanja kupita ku doko lopitako motsatira CIF kapena CFR. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo THC yoyambira ndi katundu wapanyanja. Wogula nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi udindo pa THC yopitako ndi kutumiza mkati mwa dzikolo, pokhapokha ngati magulu awiriwa avomerezana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawu monga DAP kapena DDP.
DAP (Delivered At Place) ndi DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) zimaika katundu wambiri kwa wogulitsa. Muzochitika izi, wogulitsa angafunike kulipira THC komwe akuchokera komanso komwe akupita, komanso poyendetsa mkati mwa dzikolo komanso mwina misonkho ya msonkho mu DDP. Wogula amalandira mtengo woperekedwa womwe ndi "wokwanira".
Popeza nthawi zina THC ndi gawo lalikulu la ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa m'deralo, kusamvetsetsana pankhani ya Incoterms kungayambitse mavuto. Mwachitsanzo, wogula angaganize kuti wogulitsa akulipira ndalama zonse ku doko, kuphatikizapo THC, pomwe wogulitsayo akuganiza kuti THC yoyambira ndi ya wogula. Mapangano olembedwa ndi mawu atsatanetsatane omwe amanena momveka bwino kuti ndani amalipira THC pa doko lililonse zimathandiza kuti zinthu zisayende bwino.
THC vs Ndalama Zina Zokhudza Madoko ndi Zolemba
THC ndi imodzi mwa ndalama zomwe mudzaziona pa ntchito zotumizira zikalata. Kudziwa kusiyana kwake ndi ndalama zina kungakuthandizeni kukambirana bwino ndikukupatsani mtengo wolondola.
Kupereka ma bilu onyamula katundu, kusamalira mapepala, ndi kutumiza deta kwa akuluakulu a kasitomu kapena madoko nthawi zambiri kumawononga ndalama. Ndalama zimenezi ndi za ntchito yoyang'anira ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi kusuntha makontena m'bwalo.
Nthawi zina, ndalama zachitetezo zimawonjezeredwa ku mtengo wa njira zowonjezera zachitetezo ndi chitetezo padoko, kuphatikizapo kutsatira malamulo a ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security). Akhoza kulipiritsa chidebe chilichonse kapena katundu, ndipo si ofanana ndi THC.
Ndalama zosungira katundu padoko kapena zochepetsera katundu zimadalira nthawi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu wanu kapena chidebe chanu chikhala m'malo osungira katundu kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yopuma yomwe yaloledwa. Ngakhale kuti zikugwirizana bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito doko, ndalamazi si THC. Kutumiza katundu komwe kumayenda bwino kwambiri kungafunike kulipira THC, pomwe kutumiza komwe kwachedwa kumatha kusunga zinthu zambiri komanso kuchepetsa katundu kuwonjezera pa THC.
Ngati chidebecho chikhala kunja kwa malo osungiramo katundu kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe mwaloleza, monga m'nyumba yanu yosungiramo katundu kapena pagalimoto, mudzayenera kulipira ndalama zosungiramo katundu. Wonyamula katundu (yemwe ali ndi kapena kubwereka chidebecho) amalipiritsa ndalama zosungiramo katundu, pomwe THC amalipiritsa ndalama zosungiramo katundu mkati mwa malo osungiramo katundu.
Zidzakhala zosavuta kulankhula ndi ogulitsa katundu ndi ogulitsa ngati mukumbukira magulu awa. Mungafunse kuti, “Kodi izi ndi zogwirira ntchito, zolemba, chitetezo, kusungira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe?” mukawona chinthu cholumikizidwa. Funso limodzi limenelo lingakuthandizeni kupewa chisokonezo ndikusunga ndalama.
Momwe Mungasungire THC Pansi pa Ulamuliro
Simungathe kupewa THC kotheratu, chifukwa katundu wanu ayenera kunyamulidwa pamalo oimika magalimoto. Komabe, mutha kuwongolera momwe ndalamazi zilili zomveka bwino komanso zodziwikiratu, ndipo mutha kupanga zisankho zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama ndi zoopsa zomwe sizofunikira kwenikweni.
Chinthu chimodzi chothandiza kuchita ndikugwiritsa ntchito Incoterms zomwe zikugwirizana ndi luso lanu komanso chidziwitso chomwe muli nacho chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi. Ngati muli ndi mnzanu wabwino wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu mdziko lomwe mukutumiza kunja, mungafune mikhalidwe yomwe imakulolani kuwongolera ndikukambirana za chiyambi cha THC mwachindunji m'malo molola wogulitsa kuti achite. Kumbali ina, ngati muli otsimikiza kwambiri za kutumiza kunja, mungafune zosiyana.
Njira ina yanzeru yosungira ndalama ndikuphatikiza katundu wanu. Ngati nthawi zambiri mumatumiza malo ang'onoang'ono a LCL kuchokera kudera lomwelo kupita kumalo omwewo, mutha kusintha njira zanu zolumikizirana, kusamukira ku FCL mwachangu kuposa momwe mumafunira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madoko omwe ali ogwira ntchito bwino komanso omwe ali ndi THC yochepa.
Ndikofunikanso kukhala ndi mitengo yomveka bwino. Mukafunsa mtengo, mutha kuuza wotumiza wanu ngati THC yaphatikizidwa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, pa doko liti komanso pa siteji iti. Otumiza ambiri odziwa zambiri angakupatseni kufananiza mtengo wonse wa khomo ndi khomo, kuphatikiza THC, kuti mupeze njira zosiyanasiyana zotumizira kapena mautumiki.
Pomaliza, kusankha mnzanu woti azigwira ntchito naye amene amadziwa zambiri zokhudza malonda anu akuluakulu kungathandize kwambiri. Munthu wotumiza katundu amene amatumiza katundu wake ku China ndi ku US tsiku lililonse kapena njira zina zofunika nthawi zambiri amakhala atakhazikitsa ubale ndi malo ofikira katundu, kumvetsetsa bwino momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito m'derali, komanso kuyesa njira zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimachepetsa zolakwika, kuchedwa, komanso kudabwitsa anthu am'deralo.
Zitsanzo Zogwira Ntchito: Kuyerekeza THC mu Kutumiza Kwenikweni
Kuti timvetse bwino za THC, tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo ziwiri zosavuta. Izi si mitengo yeniyeni, koma zikusonyeza momwe THC imagwirizanirana ndi chithunzi chonse cha mtengo.
Ganizirani zotumiza FCL imodzi ya mamita 40 kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Los Angeles yokhala ndi malamulo a FOB. Wopereka wanu amalipira katundu wa magalimoto am'deralo kupita ku doko ndi msonkho wotumizira kunja. Inu, monga wogula, mumalipira katundu wa panyanja.
Kampani yanu yotumiza katundu inganene motere:
- Kutumiza panyanja kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Los Angeles kumawononga $1,200.
- THC yomwe ili pa gwero (yomwe imaphimbidwa ndi wogulitsa pansi pa FOB): gawo la ndalama zomwe wogulitsayo amalipiritsa m'deralo
- THC pamalo omwe mukupita (Los Angeles): $320 pa chidebe cha mamita 40
- Ndalama zolipirira mapepala opita ndi chitetezo: US$80
Mu chitsanzo chosavuta ichi, mumakumana ndi THC mwachindunji komwe mukupita, komwe US$320 ndi gawo la "ndalama zolipirira komwe mukupita." Gawo la THC likadali logwirizana ndi mitengo ya terminal, chifukwa chake silingasinthe kawirikawiri monga mtengo wa katundu wa panyanja.
Tsopano dziyerekezereni ngati mwini sitolo ya pa intaneti mukutumiza katundu wa LCL kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku New York. Katundu wanu ndi 5 CBM ndi 1,000 kg, ndipo voliyumu yolipiritsa ndi 5 CBM.
Mawu anu angasonyeze kuti:
- Katundu wa m'nyanja (LCL, pa CBM): US$60 pa 5 CBM = US$300
- Ndalama zoyambira zakomweko (kuphatikiza gawo la THC, pa CBM iliyonse): US$25 × 5 CBM = US$125
- Ndalama zakomweko komwe mukupita (kuphatikiza gawo la THC, pa CBM iliyonse): US$40 × 5 CBM = US$200
Mu mtengo wa pa CBM iliyonse ya m'deralo, THC imasakanizidwa ndi mautumiki ena a m'matauni. Simungathe kuwona mzere wolondola wa THC, koma ulipobe. Ngati wotumiza asintha malo olumikizirana kapena mitengo ya malo osinthira ikakwera, mitengo ya m'deralo pa CBM iliyonse ingasinthe kuti igwirizane ndi milingo yatsopano ya THC.
Mungathe kufunsa mafunso enaake mukapita ku mitengo ya THC, monga “Kodi ndalama zolipirira anthu am'deralo ndi ziti?” Kodi ndalamazo ndi zokhazikika bwanji? Kodi pali malo ena oimikapo magalimoto kapena njira zina zomwe zingakhale zodalirika kapena zotsika mtengo kwambiri?
Momwe Kutumiza ku Topway Kumakuthandizireni Kusamalira THC ndi Mtengo Wonse wa Zinthu Zogulitsa
THC ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zambiri za njira zoyendetsera zinthu zamabizinesi apa intaneti komanso mabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi. Mnzanu wabwino woyendetsa zinthu angakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa ndi kuthana ndi ndalamazi mwanjira yomwe ingathandize bizinesi yanu kukula m'malo momangokuchititsani mantha nthawi zonse.
Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zoyendetsera zinthu kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010. Gulu loyambitsa ili lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yoyendetsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, ndipo limayang'ana kwambiri kusuntha zinthu ku US ndi China. Topway imadziwa momwe ntchito yoyendetsera zinthu zakutali imagwirira ntchito m'madoko akuluakulu aku China komanso m'mageti aku US chifukwa akhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Amadziwanso momwe THC imagwirira ntchito ndi ndalama zina zakomweko m'moyo weniweni.
Ntchito za Topway zimakhudza unyolo wonse wa katundu, kuyambira kutenga katundu kuchokera ku mafakitale kapena m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu mpaka kuzisunga kunja kwa dziko, kuchotsa katundu wakunja komwe umachokera komanso komwe ukupita, ndikuzipereka kwa makasitomala anu omaliza kapena malo operekera zinthu. Topway ingakuthandizeni kuwona chithunzi chonse cha mtengo, kuphatikiza THC, mwa kuyang'anira ndikugwirizanitsa unyolo wonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, simudzayenera kuthana ndi makonzedwe osiyana pomwe palibe amene ali ndi mawonekedwe athunthu.
Topway imapereka ntchito zosinthika zonyamula katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) ndi zochepa kuposa chidebe (LCL) zonyamula katundu wapamadzi kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi. Topway ingakuthandizeni kusankha nthawi yomwe FCL kapena LCL ili yabwino kwa bizinesi yanu, kaya mwakonzeka kugula zotengera zonse kapena mukutumizabe zocheperako. Adzayang'ana THC, mitengo yophatikiza, nthawi yoyendera, ndi zomwe mukuchita pogulitsa.
Topway ikhoza kupanga njira zapadera zoyendetsera zinthu zomwe zimasunga ndalama zanu pa unit imodzi kukhala zokhazikika kwa ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amatumiza ku US ndi misika ina yofunika nthawi zonse. Izi zitha kutanthauza kukonza malo ogwirizanitsa zinthu, kusankha malo okhala ndi zomangamanga zokhazikika za THC, ndikupanga miyambo yothandiza komanso ntchito zomaliza zomwe zimachepetsa kuchedwa, kupewa ndalama zowonjezera zosungira, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza ndalama zanu.
Mukagwira ntchito ndi kampani monga Topway Shipping, mumapeza gulu lomwe silimangodziwa malamulo ndi mitengo yolembedwa papepala, komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito m'moyo weniweni m'madoko ndi malo oimika magalimoto.
Kutsiliza
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza madoko amakono ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito (Terminal Handling Charge - THC). Ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga za doko, zida, ndi antchito kusamutsa makontena ndi katundu. Si mtengo "wobisika" kwenikweni, koma zingakhale zovuta kumvetsetsa pamene ukuphatikizidwa mu zolipiritsa zakomweko kapena pamene onyamula ndi otumiza katundu osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana pofotokoza.
Kwa otumiza katundu, makamaka omwe amachita malonda apa intaneti kapena malonda apadziko lonse lapansi nthawi zonse, kudziwa THC ndikofunikira popanga ziyerekezo zolondola za mtengo ndi zisankho zamitengo. Mutha kuwunika mitengo molimba mtima ndikukambirana mwachilungamo ndi ogulitsa ndi makasitomala ngati mukudziwa zomwe THC imaphimba, momwe imasiyanirana ndi ndalama zochotsera katundu, kusunga katundu, ndi mapepala, komanso momwe imakhudzidwira ndi mtundu wa chidebe, doko lomwe mwasankha, ndi Incoterms.
Kuchuluka kwa THC m'madoko ndi malo osiyanasiyana operekera katundu kungakhale kosiyana kwambiri. Koma nthawi zonse muyenera kuziyang'ana poganizira za unyolo wonse woperekera katundu. Mitengo ya katundu wa m'nyanja, mayendedwe amkati, misonkho, malo osungiramo katundu , ndi kutumiza katundu wapafupi kwambiri zonse zimakhudza THC ndi ndalama zomwe mumalipira. Nthawi zina, njira yokhala ndi THC yochulukirapo koma yodalirika kwambiri ingakhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha bizinesi.
Pomaliza, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vuto la THC ndikugwira ntchito ndi mnzanu wokhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito amene amadziwa njira zanu zamalonda komanso njira zanu zogwirira ntchito ndipo ali wotseguka komanso woona mtima nanu. Kampani yaukadaulo ngati Topway Shipping ikasamalira zinthu zanu kuyambira pomwe munachokera mpaka komwe munapita, THC imakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino komanso chosavuta kuchisamalira m'malo modabwitsa kwambiri pa bilu yanu.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi kwenikweni Terminal Handling Charge (THC) ndi chiyani?
A: Ndalama Yoyendetsera Zinthu Zam'mlengalenga ndi msonkho womwe umalipira kusuntha makontena ndi katundu m'malo oimikapo magalimoto. Nthawi zambiri umaphatikizapo kusuntha ndi kuyika zinthu m'bwalo, kukweza kapena kutsitsa makontena m'zombo ndi m'magalimoto, komanso njira zolowera ndi kutuluka. Pa kutumiza kwa FCL, THC nthawi zambiri imalipidwa ndi kontena, pomwe kutumiza kwa LCL, nthawi zambiri imalipidwa ndi voliyumu kapena kulemera.
Q: Nchifukwa chiyani THC imalipidwa mosiyana ndi katundu wa m'nyanja?
A: THC imalipidwa padera chifukwa imakhudzana ndi momwe katundu amagwiritsidwira ntchito pa malo enaake, osati momwe amatumizidwira mtunda wautali ndi nyanja. Kutumiza katundu m'nyanja ndi mtengo wotumizira katundu pakati pa madoko, pomwe THC ndi mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito malo ochitirako ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito m'deralo ulendo wapanyanja usanachitike komanso utatha. Mwa kulekanitsa ndalamazi, onyamula katundu ndi malo ochitirako ntchito amatha kusintha mitengo ya katundu m'deralo popanda kusintha mitengo ya katundu woyambira.
Q: Ndani ali ndi udindo wolipira THC, wogula kapena wogulitsa?
A: Ma Incoterms omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mgwirizano wogulitsa amatsimikiza yemwe ali ndi udindo pa THC. Mu FOB, wogulitsa nthawi zambiri amalipira THC yoyambira ndipo wogula amalipira THC yopita. Wogula nthawi zambiri amalipira THC mbali zonse ziwiri akagwiritsa ntchito EXW. Wogulitsa angafunike kulipira THC poyambira komanso kopita ngati agwiritsa ntchito DAP kapena DDP. Ndikofunikira kulemba yemwe ali ndi udindo pa THC pa doko lililonse.
Q: Kodi THC, kuchepetsa kukakamizidwa, ndi kusunga anthu m'ndende ndi chinthu chimodzi?
A: Ayi, izi ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya zolipiritsa. THC ndi mtengo wonyamulira zotengera ndi katundu kudzera pa malo osungiramo katundu. Demurrage ndi mtengo wosungiramo katundu womwe umalipidwa ngati chidebecho chikhala m'malo osungiramo katundu kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yovomerezeka yaulere. Chidebecho chikakhala m'manja mwanu kwa nthawi yayitali kunja kwa malo osungiramo katundu, mudzalangidwa chifukwa chomangidwa. Onse atatuwa akhoza kubwera pa bilu yanu, koma amachokera m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Q: Nchifukwa chiyani mitengo ya THC imasiyana kwambiri pakati pa madoko?
A: Mitengo ya THC ndi yosiyana chifukwa malo aliwonse ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amafunika ndalama zosiyanasiyana za ogwira ntchito, ndalama zomwe amaika mu zomangamanga, magalimoto, ndi malamulo. Ngakhale atakhala ogwira ntchito bwino, madoko akuluakulu, odziyendetsa okha m'maiko otukuka akhoza kukhala ndi THC yochulukirapo chifukwa amawononga ndalama zambiri kuti ayendetse. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ang'onoang'ono kapena osatukuka kwambiri angatenge THC yocheperako, koma mungafunike kudikira nthawi yayitali kapena kukhala pachiwopsezo chochedwa pafupipafupi.
Q: Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji mphamvu ya THC pa mtengo wanga wonse wa zinthu zoyendera?
A: Simungathe kupewa THC kotheratu, koma mutha kuchepetsa zotsatira zake posankha Incoterms yoyenera, kukonza kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumizidwa, ndikusakaniza katundu komwe kuli koyenera. Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi kampani yotumiza katundu yomwe yakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, ingakuthandizeni kusankha madoko, mautumiki, ndi njira zomwe zimaphatikizana bwino pakati pa THC, mitengo yotumizira katundu, ndi kudalirika konse. Ndikofunikanso kukhala womveka bwino komanso wowona mtima popereka mitengo.
Q: Kodi THC imagwira ntchito kokha pa katundu wa FCL, kapena pa katundu wa LCL?
A: THC imagwira ntchito pa kutumiza kwa FCL ndi LCL, koma mtengo wake ndi wosiyana pa chilichonse. Pa FCL, THC nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana pa chidebe chilichonse. Pa LCL, THC ndi gawo la ndalama zoyendetsera katundu zomwe zimagawidwa ndi otumiza angapo ndipo zimawonetsedwa ngati ndalama pa CBM iliyonse kapena pa tani iliyonse ya ndalama. THC idzaphatikizidwa mumitengo yayikulu yakomweko ya komwe idachokera komanso komwe ikupita m'mawu ambiri a LCL.
Q: Kodi THC imaphatikizapo msonkho wa msonkho kapena misonkho?
A: Ayi, THC ilibe misonkho, monga misonkho ya msonkho, misonkho yochokera kunja, kapena msonkho wowonjezera mtengo. Akuluakulu a misonkho amasonkhanitsa misonkhoyo kuchokera ku boma. THC ndi ndalama zomwe makampani oyendetsa katundu ndi makampani onyamula katundu amalipiritsa pogwira ntchito pa malo oimika magalimoto. Mtengo ndi mtundu wa zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera ndalama za msonkho ndi misonkho payokha.
Q: Kodi THC ingasinthe chaka chino nditavomereza mtengo?
Yankho: THC imatha kusintha pamene makampani onyamula katundu kapena malo operekera katundu asintha mitengo yawo, zomwe zimachitika pamene mitengo ikukwera kapena malamulo atsopano akuyamba kugwira ntchito. Ngati muli ndi mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali ndi kampani yotumiza katundu, ikhoza kunena momwe kusinthaku kuyenera kuchitikira. M'moyo weniweni, kusintha pang'ono kwa THC kumachitika nthawi zonse, koma opereka chithandizo oyenerera adzakudziwitsani za kusintha kulikonse kwakukulu komwe kumakhudza kutumiza kwanu.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingandithandize bwanji kusamalira bwino THC?
A: Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa zinthu zogulitsa pa intaneti zomwe zimadutsa malire ndipo imadziwa zambiri zokhudza kutumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi US ndi njira zina zofunika kwambiri zamalonda. Topway ingakupatseni chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha ndalama zonse, kuphatikizapo THC, poyang'anira unyolo wonse wa zinthu, kuyambira gawo loyamba la mayendedwe ndi malo osungiramo katundu padziko lonse lapansi mpaka kuchotsera katundu wakunja ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza. Angakuthandizeni kusankha madoko oyenera, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndi njira zotumizira katundu kuti THC ikhale gawo lodziwikiratu komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zonse zogulitsa katundu.